iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo socialur da ... labartkava.pdf · zogierTi bavSvi,...

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti

n i n o l a b a r t y a v a

pirvelklaselTa saskolo mzaobis problema

19..00.07 pedagogiuri fsiqologia

fsiqologiaSi filosofiis doqtoris

akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad wardgenili

d i s e r t a c i a

Tbilisi 2008

2

naSromi Sesrulebulia iv. javaxiSvilis sax.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: fsiqologiis mecnierebaTa

kandidati, sruli profesori: mariam mirianaSvili

3

sarCevi

1. Sesavali..............................................................................................................................................................4

2. EeqvswlianTa swavleba ruseTSi......................................................................................................7

3. eqvswlianTa swavleba evropasa da amerikaSi....................................................................12

4. saskolo fsiqologiuri mzaobis motivaciis ganmsazRvreli roli..........29

5. moqmedeba, rogorc saskolo mzaobis komponenti da motivacia......................35

6. nebismieri moqmedeba – motivaciis funqcia. impulsuri da nebismieri

moqmedeba............................................................................................................................................................39

7. nebelobiTi qceva.....................................................................................................................................43

8. ganzraxvis maorganizebeli funqcia......................................................................................48…

9. nebelobiTi da savele qceva. k. levinis Teoriis mixedviT..............................51

Tavi II. Eeqsperimenti da miRebuli Sedegebis gansja

2.1…eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli meTodikebis aRwera.........................................................54

2.2 TamaSebi da davalebebi, romlebsac viyenebT ganmaviTarebel

gakveTilebSi................................................................................................................................................85

2.3 korelacia seqtembris da maisis monacemebs Soris...............................................123

Tavi III. Ddaskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

3.1 daskvnebi................................................................................................................................................137-138

3.2 rekomendaciebi........................................................................................................................................138

Tavi IV. damowmebani....................................................................................................................................139

Tavi V. danarTi.............................................................................................................................................144

…………………………………………

4

eqvswlianTa swavlebas xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. uZvelesi droidan

zogierT qveyanaSi swavlas ara eqvsi, aramed xuTi wlis asakidanac

iwyebdnen.

platonis SexedulebaTa analizidan mtkicdeba, rom igi SesaZleblad

miiCnevda eqvsi wlis Semdeg bavSvis sistematizirebul swavlebas

(Jurakovski 1963 : 12-67). swavlebis ZiriTad universalur saSualebad

platoni TamaSs miiCnevda.

`yvelaze mniSvnelovani aRzrdaSi aris saTanado aRzrda, romelsac

Seaqvs bavSvis gulebSi is siyvaruli, risi srulyofili mcodne unda

gaxdes is ukve mozrdili~

platoniseuli TamaSis gageba marTalia metad idealisturia, magram

TamaSis saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi daniSnuleba skolamdel asakSi

dResac sakmaod sagulisxmo da gasaTvaliswinebelia.

TamaSs did mniSvnelobas aniWebda kvantilianic, romelic

savaldebulod miiCnevda bavSvis skolaSi misvlamde berZnuli da

laTinuri enebis flobas. igi winaaRmdegi iyo masalis meqanikuri da

uazro daswavlis da rom weris swavla gaazrebulad unda xdebodes.

`imisTvis, rom bavSvs swavla ar Sejavrdes saWiroa misi waqezeba

TxovniT, aucilebelia bavSvis moyvana im zomamde, rom mas Surdes,

rodesac sxvebs aswavlian~.

sainteresoa kvantilianis mosazreba wera-kiTxvis swavlebaze,

romelic dResac ar aris moklebuli Tavis aqtualobas.

aristoteles Sexedulebis mixedviT bavSvebi xuTidan –Svid wlamde

unda daswrebuliyvnen ufrosi bavSvis gakveTilebs, sadac weris, kiTxvis,

gramatikis, Tvlis, xatvis daufleba xdeboda. saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi

samuSaos es forma saskolo cxovrebasTan Seguebis saxes anu,

dRevandeli terminologia rom vixmaroT _ mosamzadebel xasiaTs

atarebda.

aristotele moiTxovda, rom adreuli asakidan didi yuradReba

mipyroboda bavSvis motoruli aqtivobis dakmayofilebas. igi

aucileblad miiCnevda organizmis gakaJebas curviT da moZravi

TamaSobebiT. aristoteles es idea Zalian mniSvnelovania dResac,

hipodinamiis epoqaSi.

5

aristoteles platonisagan gansxvavebuli azri hqonda TamaSis

Sesaxeb: `roca swavloben, ar TamaSoben~, an `axalgazrdebi

garTobisaTvis ar unda gaizardon~.

adreul CineTSi swavla xuTi-eqvsi wlidan iwyeboda. skolaSi

mxolod vaJebi dadiodnen, gogonebi ki saxlis pirobebSi Rebulobdnen

ganaTlebas.

ian amos komenski bavSvis saxlis pirobebSi swavlebis originalur

formas gvTavazobda Tumca Tvlida, rom eqvsi wlis Semdeg bavSvi

skolaSi unda dadiodes.

komenski werda: `minda girCioT, rom eqvsi wlis Semdeg bavSvi skolas

miabaroT, radgan am droisTvis is ganiviTarebs yvelafers, risi

ganviTareba saxlSic SesaZlebelia, xolo Tu Semdeg skolas ver

miabarebT, is usaqmurobas mieCveva da isev gavelurdeba. bavSvis

SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare es periodi SeiZleba naxevari wliT

gaaxangrZlivoT an SeamciroT.~

ingliseli jon belersi bavSvis swavlebas mizanSewonilad 4-5

wlidan miiCnevda, Tanac maT skolebSi unda ecxovraT da wera-kiTxvasTan

erTad qsovasa da qargvas dauflebodnen.

pestalocim da r. ouenma praqtikulad ganaxorcieles 5-6 wlis

bavSvebis skolaSi swavlebis idea _ pirvelma Sveicariis qalaq stanceSi

1877 wels, meorem Sotlandis qalaq niu lenarkSi 1800 wels (tumin-

almedingeni 1960 : 164).

r. ouenis udidesi damsaxurebaa skolamdelTaTvis pirveli

sazogadoebriv saganmanaTlebo dawesebulebis _ `patara bavSvebis

skolis~ gaxsna.

r. ouenis mier organizebul dawyebiT skolaSi (5-10 wlamde

bavSvebisTvis) aswavlidnen mSobliur enas, ariTmetikas, botanikis

Sesavals amocanebis amoxsnas, geografias, musikas, cekvas, Wra-kervis

xelovnebasa da sxva.

swavlebis pirveli safexurisTvis gamoiyeneboda swavlebis mxolod

iseTi meTodebi, rom bavSvebisaTvis yvelaferi gasagebi da saintereso

yofiliyo. xdeboda saintereso saubrebis, TvalsaCino masalis (naxatebis,

sxvadasxva sagnebis) gamoyeneba. r. ouenis ganaTlebis sistema sxvadasxva

6

qveynebSi iqna gavrcelebuli. saintereso azrs gamosTqvamda saskolo

swavlebis dawyebis asakis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT d. uSinski.

`saskolo swavlebis dawyebis asakis dadgena sakmaod rTulia da

praqtikis saqmea, magram umjobesia swavlis dawyeba cotaTi dagvianebiT

vidre adre, Tumca, rogorc erTs, aseve meoresac Tavisi uaryofiTi

mxareebi gaaCnia ~.

d. uSinski skolaSi bavSvis naadrevi Seyvanis uaryofiT mxareebsac

ganixilavs da iZleva samecniero fsiqologiur daxasiaTebas. d. uSinski

aRniSnavs bavSvis skolaSi gvian Seyvanis uaryofiT mxaresac: `bavSvis

sulieri Zalebi, romlebic droulad ar miimarTeba saswavlo

saqmianobaze, iseT Sedegs iRebs, romelTanac brZola xangrZlivia da

xSirad uSedegoc ki. yvela gamocdili pedagogi dameTanxmeba imaSi, rom

zogierTi bavSvi, cudad imitom swavlobs, rom swavla gvian daiwyo da

mas asakiT umcrosi moswavleebi sjobnian. amitom d. uSinski swavlis

dawyebas mizanSewonilad 7 wlis asakidan miiCnevs (uSinski 1968 : 514).

i. gogebaSvili SesaZleblad miiCnevda swavlis adreul asakSi

dawyebas. bavSvis aRzrdasa da ganaTlebaze zrunva skolaSi mis

miyvanamde unda daiwyos. mSoblebma bavSvs 3-4 wlidan unda gaacnon

xalxuri poezia da zRaprebi, aucilebelad unda gamoiyenon naxatebi da

sxva TvalsaCino masala, moamzadon bavSvebi wera-kiTxvis dauflebisaTvis

(gogebaSvili 1954 : 311-317).

i. gogebaSvilisaTvis ucxo da moulodneli ar aris eqvswlianTa

swavleba. `rodesac bavSvi 6 wels gadaabijebs unda daviwyoT misTvis

qarTuli kiTxvis swavla, Tavdapirvelad didi asoebis gamoyenebiT, xolo

Semdeg, wignis mixedviT, beWvdiTi asoebiT. wera rTuli procesia, amitom

weris swavla maSin unda daiwyon, rodesac bavSvi 7 wels gadaabijebs~.

7

eqvswlianTa swavleba ruseTSi

me-18 saukunis samocdaaTian wlebSi sankt-peterburgsa da moskovSi

gaisxna saswavleblebi, sadac swavlas 6 wlis asakidan iwyebdnen

(narkvevebi 1952 : 753).…cnobilia aseve, rom Zvelad, ruseTSic zogierT

ojaxSi 5-6 wlis bavSvebs wera-kiTxvas da ucxo enebs aswavlidnen, Tumca

maT swavlebas sistematizirebuli xasiaTi ar hqonda.

eqvswlianTa swavlebis sakiTxi yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi 1944 wels

sayovelTao savaldebulo swavlebis kanonis miRebasTan iyo

dakavSirebuli, romlis safuZvelzec skolaSi misvlis asakad 7 weli

dadginda. 1944 wlamde Svidwlianebis momzadeba sabavSvo baRebsa da

skolebSi mimdinareobda.

minimaluri saskolo asakis SemcirebasTan erTad gamartivda

sabavSvo baRis programa, rac imiT aixsneboda, rom swavleba skolis

saqmea da ara sabavSvo baRisa. amis Semdeg dRis werigSi dadga 6

wlianebis skolisaTvis momzadebis sakiTxi.

aRniSnuli problemis gadasaWrelad mecnierebi eyrdnobian

fiziologebis, pedagogebis, meTodistebis monacemebsa da

sazRvargareTul gamocdilebas.

fiziologebi n. krasnogorski, v. efimovi aRniSnavdnen (krasnogorski

1954 : 414-423), rom 5-6 wlis bavSvis tvinis qerqSi pirobiTi refleqsebis

ganviTarebis kanonzomierebis Sesabamisad ganviTarebas iwyebs wera-

kiTxvis pirobiT-refleqsuri funqcia, da rom 6 wlis bavSvis tvini ukve

isevea formirebuli, rogorc mozrdili adamianis.

didi qarTveli fsiqologi d. uznaZe, iseve rogorc rusi

fsiqologebi l. vigotski da d. boJoviCi, SesaZleblad Tvlidnen

eqvswlianTa swavlebas (vigotski 1956 : 496, boJoviCi 1948 : 122-130, uznaZe

2005 : 453-484). cnobili meTodistebi e. tixeeva da s. redozubovi

Tvlidnen, rom wera-kiTxva bavSvs 5-6 wlis asakSi unda aswavlo (tixeeva

1930 : 5-10, redozubovi 1961 : 165-183).

1947-1948 wlebSi yofili sabWoTa kavSiris mTel teritoriaze

mimdinareobda masiuri eqsperimentebi eqvswlianTa Sesaswavlad

(voskresenskaia 1960 : 26-37, usova 1970 : 205).

8

pedagogiur mecnierebaTa akademiaSi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ori,

erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego mimarTuleba gaCnda.

1) skolamdeli aRzrdis fsiqologebi da pedagogebi (a. zaporoJeci, d.

elkonini da skolamdeli aRzrdis institutis sxva TanamSromlebi)

asabuTebdnen, rom im dros arsebul pirobebSi SeuZlebeli iyo

eqvswlianTa saskolo swavlebis organizeba.

2) meore mimdinareobis warmomadgenlebi (ZiriTadad pedagogebi da

meTodistebiL S. amonaSvili a. markuSeviCi, m. kaSini, a. piSkalo,)

Tvlidnen, rom ganaTlebis sistemis daxvewisTvis aucilebeli iyo 6

wlianTa CarTva saskolo swavlebis procesSi.

qvemoT ganvixilavT am ori mimarTulebis ZiriTad koncefciebsa da

praqtikul saqmianobas. pirveli mimdinareobis ZiriTadi koncefciis

Tanaxmad (zaporoJeci 1971 : 16-23, zaporoJeci 1971 : 1-6, zaporoJeci 1974 :

250-261).

fiziologiuri da fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis azrovnebis

stiliTa da qceviT 5-6 wlis bavSvebi skolamdel asaks unda mivakuTvnoT.

maTi SesaZleblobebis realizaciisTvis optimaluri pirobebi iqmneba

maSin, roca swavlebas aqvs ara saskolo, aramed skolamdeli xasiaTi.

mocemuli koncefciis mimdevrebi sruliad ar gamoricxavdnen

eqswlianTa swavlebis SesaZleblobas, magram aRniSnavdnen, rom

swavlebas unda hqondes skolisaTvis mosamzadebeli xasiaTi da sabavSvo

baRSi unda mimdinareobdes. eqvswlianebis adgili mxolod sabavSvo

baRSia, magram a. zaporoJeci ar uaryofda im faqtsac, rom 5-6 wlis

bavSvebs fsiqofiziologiuri SesaZleblobebi ufro metia, vidre amas

adre varaudobdnen.

mocemuli debulebis Sesamowmeblad 1971-1972 wlebSi sabavSvo baRis

mosamzadebel jufebSi Catarda eqvswlianTa swavlebis SesaZleblobebis

fsiqologiur-pedagogiuri kvleva. bavSvebs maTematikas da wera-kiTxvas

aswavlidnen. masalis moculoba pirveli klasis programis naxevars

Seadgenda. kviraSi xuTi gakveTili tardeboda: ori maTematikaSi, xolo

sami _ kiTxvasa da weraSi. TiToeuli gakveTili 30 wT-s grZeldeboda.

gamoyenebuli iqna im dros arsebuli uaxlesi meTodebi. gamdidrebuli

da gazrdili iqna saanbano periodi, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

9

fonetikuri smenis ganviTarebas mieqca. eqsperimentis dros gamoyenebuli

iqna sxvadasxva TamaSobebi, romelTa konteqstSi bavSvebs saswavlo

masala ufro iolad unda SeeTvisebinaT, tradiciuli skolis

gakveTilebTan SedarebiT. sabolood, yvela eqvswlianma dasZlia

programuli masala. isini daeuflen asamde Tvlas, gamoklebas da

mimatebas asis farglebSi, elementaruli amocanebis amoxsnas. bavSvebma

Seiswavles sityvis bgeriTi analizi, xmovnebisa da Tanxmovnebis

gansxvaveba, wera.

eqsperimentuli jgufis Sedegebi bevrad ukeTesi iyo, vidre im

sakontrolo jgufebisa, romlebic momzadebas Cveulebrivi skolamdeli

azRrdis programiT gadiodnen.

daskvna Semdegnairad iyo Camoyalibebuli: `Catarebuli eqsperimentis

mixedviT SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom fiziologiuri da higienuri

TvalsazrisiT eqvswlianebis swavleba mizanSewonilia sabavSvo baRSi

mimdinareobdes~. amasTanave, saWiroa 5 wlis asakis bavSvebis

fsiqologiur-pedagogiuri SesaZleblobebis Seswavla. winaswarma

monacemebma, romlebic miRebuli iqna bavSvebis saskolo swavlebisaTvis

momzadebis laboratoriaSi gviCvenes, rom xuTlianebsac warmatebiT

SeuZlia maTematikisa da wera-kiTxvis elementebis swavla (zaporoJeci

1977 : 30-33).

meore mimdinareobas xelmZRvanelobda ssrk pedagogiur mecnierebaTa

akademiis swavlebis Sinaarsisa da meTodebis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis dawyebiTi swavlebis kvlevis seqtori, romelmac q. puSinoSi

eqvswlianTa eqsperimentuli swavleba daiwyo. 1971 wels q. puSinos erT-

erT skolaSi 120 eqsvwlianisgan 4 eqsperimentuli pirveli klasi

dakompleqtda. (sainteresoa is faqti, rom es bavSvebi sabavSvo baRis

aRsazrdelebi iyvnen). amav dros Cveulebriv pirvel klasSi Cairicxa 118

Svidwliani bavSvi. bavSvebis mocemuli raodenoba karg SesaZleblobas

iZleoda zusti da obieqturi SedarebisaTvis.

swavlebis pirvelsave dRes eqsvswlianebs gamokvleva Cautares

pedagogebma, fsiqologebma da eqimebma. aseT kompleqsur Semowmebebs

bavSvebi gadiodnen mTeli wlis manZilze. eqsperimentis mizani iyo

gaerkviaT, Tu ramdenad misaRebia eqvsi wlis bavSvisTvis Svidwlianebze

10

gaTvaliswinebuli programa. amasTanave, pirvelad iqna ganxorcielebuli

praqtikaSi ucxo enis Seswavla adreuli asakidan (kaSini, piSkalo 1974 :

1-12).

swavla mimdinareobda im dros arsebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis

programiT. gakveTilis xangrZlivoba 35 wuTi iyo. pirvel da meore

gakveTilis Soris Sesveneba 10 wuTi iyo, meore da mesames Soris _ 20

wuTi, mesame da meoTxe gakveTils Soris _1 saaTi da 05 wuTi, romelic

sportul RonisZiebebs eTmoboda. saSinao davalebebs bavSvebi pedagogis

meTvalyureobis qveS asrulebdnen.

1974-1975ww. pirvel klasebSi mesame gakveTilis Semdeg SemoiRes

naxevar saaTiani Sesveneba sadilisTvis da kidev 30 wuTi dasvenebisaTvis.

eqsperimentis msvelobisas 5-6 wlis bavSvebSi Semdegi Taviseburebani

gamoikveTa. rac ufro patara asakisaa bavSvi, miT ufro rTulad

umuSavdeba mas weris Cveva, xolo kiTxvis swavla 5-6 wlis bavSvebSi met

interess iwvevs vidre SvidwlianebSi. didi sirTuleebi vlindeba wera-

kiTxvis sinqronuli swavlebis dros. ixarjeba ra didi dro da energia,

eqvswlianebSi weris dauflebaze klebulobs interesi saerTod weris

swavlebisadmi.

aqve gamovlinda eqvswlianTa didi emocionaluroba da moZraobis

moTxovnileba amitom eqvswlianebis swavlebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia

Semdegi momenti. maT yuradRebis koncentracia mxolod 15-20 wuTiT

SeuZliaT. amitom aucilebelia pauzebis gakeTeba da am dros fizikuri

savarjiSoebis Sesruleba.

miuxedavad zemoT CamoTvlili problemebisa meTodistebis jgufma

daaskvna, rom eqvswlianebisaTvis misaRebia is saskolo reJimi da

inteleqtualuri datvirTva, romelic SvidwlianebisaTvis iyo

gaTvaliswinebuli. eqvwlianebi ar iRlebian, interesiT swavloben,

iolad eguebian saskolo reJims.

saskolo swavlebis adreuli dawyeba dadebiT gavlenas axdens

bavSvebis aRzrdasa da ganviTarebaze. maT aseve daadgines, rom qveyanaSi

imdenad kargad iyo momzadebuli pirobebi eqvswlianTa swavlebisaTvis,

rom SesaZlebeli iyo 4-5 wlis bavSvebis momzadeba skolisaTvis

(piSkalo, stepanova 1974 : 12-27). amis Semdeg Seiqmna fsiqikuri

11

ganviTarebis diagnostikis laboratoria, romelTac daiwyes eqvswlianTa

skolaSi swavlebis SesaZleblobebis kvleva.

kvlevis programa ise iyo Sedgenili, rom mas gamoevlina bavSvebis

fsiqikuri ganviTarebis mdgomareoba maTi skolisTvis mzaobis kuTxiT.

mocemuli laboratoriis principi SemdegSi mdgomareobda. mosamzadebeli

klasebi Tavisi arsiT unda Sesatyviseboda sabavSvo baRis mosamzadebel

klass da ara skolis pirvel klass. eqvswlianTa swavlebis praqtikam

Semdegi tendenciebi gamoavlina (vengeri 1978 : 7-32).

1. skolaSi swavlebam mniSvnelovani progresi im bavSvebis

ganviTarebaSi gamoiwvia, romlebic skolaSi Sesvlamdec kargad iyvnen

ganviTarebulni.

2. bavSvebi ganviTarebis dabali doniT kidev ufro CamorCnen. aqedan

gamomdinare, mocemuli mosamzadebeli jgufis mizani iyo bavSvebis

ganviTarebis SeZlebisdagvarad gaTanabreba. oRond didi yuradReba unda

miqceoda sustebs, raTa isini Zlierebs dasweodnen.

a. vengeris azriT, mosamzadebeli klasis mTavari Tviseba is aris,

rom bavSvs ar sWirdeba winaswari momzadeba. saerTod pirveli klasis

programa sakmaod datvirTulia da ukve winaswar gulisxmobs bavSvis

momzadebas. bavSvis momzadeba ki eqvs wlamde unda daiwyos, rameTu

skolamdeli asaki optimaluri periodia fsiqikuri ganviTarebisTvis,

xolo CamorCena am periodSi ufro mwvaved gamovlindeba bavSvis skolaSi

SesvlasTan erTad. Tanac, a. vengeris Tanaxmad `skola arasdros iwyeba

cariel adgilze~.

zemoT CamoTvlili urTerTsawinaaRmdego mosazrebebis miuxedavad,

sabWoTa kavSirSi saskolo swavlebis dasawyisad 6 weli 1969 wels

SemoiRes.

mainc ram ganapiroba saskolo swavlebis dawyebis asakis Semcireba?

n. gutkinas mosazrebiT (gutkina 1993 : 208) arsebul kvlevebze

dayrdnobiT Teoriulad Zalian kargad iyo SemuSavebuli sabavSvo

baRebis programa, magram misi ganxorcieleba praqtikulad ver

xerxdeboda, radgan ar hyavdaT saTanadod mozadebuli kadrebi.

meore mizezze d. elkonini miuTiTebda (elkonini 1993 : 554). im

periodSi swavleba skolaSi Semdegnairad mimdinareobda. 3 weli bavSvebi

12

swavlobdnen dawyebiT klasebSi _ saSualoSi (sabazo skolaSi _ 5 weli),

xolo maRal klasebSi _ 2 weli. 60-ian wlebSi dadga sakiTxi imis

Sesaxeb, rom saswavlo programa Zalian gadatvirTuli iyo. amitom misi

gamartiveba daiwyes. es gansakuTrebiT saSualo da maRal klasebs Seexo.

dawyebiTi klasebis programis Semcireba praqtikulad SeuZlebeli

aRmoCnda. amitom saWiro gaxda 1 wlis damateba, oRond saskolo

swavlebis 1 wliT adre dawyebis xarjze. swored amitom moxda 6

wlianebis asakobriv Taviseburebebze bavSvis fsiqologiaSi arsebuli

monacemebis ignorireba. gadawyvetilebebis mimRebebma ar gaiTvaliswines

is mniSvnelovani monacemebi, rom 6 wlianebs ufro uWirT weris swavla,

gamoirCevian meti motoruli aqtiurobiT da emocionalurobiT da 7

wlianebze gaTvaliswinebuli programa 6 wlianebze meqanikurad

gadaitanes.

dResac bavSvis skolaSi Sesasvlelad mTavar kriteriums misi asaki

warmoadgens. skolaSi Rebuloben yvela 6 wlian bavSvs da maTac, visac 6

weli 1 ianvramde Seusruldeba. amitom I klasSi erTdroulad swavloben

bavSvebi 5 wlisa da 8 Tvidan 6 wlisa 10 Tvis CaTvliT.

6 wlianTa swavleba evropasa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi.

CexeTSi 6 wlianTa swavleba 1918 wels SemoiRes. rogorc i. Svancara

aRniSnavs `ZiriTadi da mniSvnelovani kriteriumi bavSvs skolaSi

misaRebad misi asakia, yvela 6 wlians Rebuloben skolaSi. am kriteriums

xangrZlivi istoria aqvs da damakmayofilebladaa miCneuli (Svancara

1978 : 364). 1961-dan 1973 wlamde skolebSi samjer Seicvala saswavlo gegma.

kvireuli 22 saaTidan 15 mSobliur enas eTmoboda, xolo 4 maTematikas.

Tu pirvel klasSi moswavleTa raodenoba 25 bavSvs aRemateboda

mSobliuri enisa da maTematikis gakevTilze klass orad yofdnen, rac

Zalian aiolebda eqvswlianebTan muSaobas. gakveTilis xangrZlivoba I

klasSi 30 wuTia, saswavlo-saaRmzrdelo muSaoba TamaSis formiT

mimdinareobs. sainteresoa TviTon gakveTilis mimdinareoba. gakveTilis

nawili kiTxvas eTmoba, nawili weras, simRerasa da xatvas. saqmianobis

Semdegnairi cvalebadoba I-II klasebis ZiriTadi samuSao stilia, rac

13

xels uwyobs gakveTilis efeqtur mimdinareobas, aZlierebs interess da

amcirebs daRlilobas.

CexeTis zog skolaSi gakveTilebi simReriT da fizikuri varjiSiT

iwyeba. samuSao dRis amgvari dasawyisi xels uwyobs moswavleebSi

mxiaruli ganwyobis Camoyalibebas. anbanis swavleba aprilSi mTavrdeba

ris Semdeg gadadian kiTxvis dauflebaze. wera-kiTxvis swavlebamde

sityvebis struqturul analizsa da sinTezze muSaoben. kiTxvis

swavlebisas didi dro jer kiTxvis teqnikis daxvewas eTmoba, xolo

Semdeg wakiTxulis gaazrebas. Zalian lamazia eqvswlianebisaTvis

Sedgenili anbani feradi ilustraciebiT. suraTebi emociuri da

dinamiuria. adamianebi garkveuli aqtivobisas arian gamosaxulebi, rac

bavSvebisTvis Zalian saintereso da saxalisoa. maTematikis programiT

mimateba-gamoklebis operaciebi 20-is farglebSia gaTvaliswinebuli.

maTematikuri operaciebi realur sagnebze manipulaciiT iswavleba.

bavSvebi ecnobian wonis, zomis erTeulebs, fulis niSnebs, geometriul

figurebs (SedarebiTi 1971 : 75, piSkalo 1978 : 54-62).

germaniaSi pirvel klasSi Rebuloben im bavSvebs, romelTac 6 weli

1 ivnisamde SeusruldaT. skolebSi saswavlo drois 50% eTmoba

mSobliur enas, 24% maTematikas, 26% _ sxva sagnebs (xatvas,

fizkulturas, xelgarjilobas, baRSi muSaobas). bavSvebi maTematikaSi

swavloben 20-is farglebSi oTxive moqmedebas da iseT cnebebsa da

operaciebs, rogorebicaa `metoba, nakleboba, toloba, utoloba,

mimatebis, gamoklebis, gayofis da gamravlebis operaciebs~. aseve

euflebian geometriul terminebs. moswavleebs saxelmZRvaneloebis garda

aqvT samuSao rveulebi cxrilebiTa da davalebebiT. ase, rom

pirvelklaselebs SeuZliaT gaangariSebani Seasrulon magaliTebis

rveulSi gadaweris gareSe.

ungreTSi kargad aris SemuSavebuli skolamdeli azRrdis

programebi.

ungreTis skolebSi I klasSi mxolod im bavSvebs Rebuloben,

romelTac 6 weli seqtembramde SeusruldebaT (homonai 1973 : 224).

eqvswlianebis datvirTva kviris ganmavlobaSi 20 saaTs Seadgens, aqedan

50% kiTxvis dauflebas eTmoba, 25% maTematikas, 25%-sxva sagnebs.

14

saswavlo cikli 11 dRiania, meTormete dRes _ SabaTs gakveTilebi ar

tardeba da bunebis wiaRSi saaRmzrdelo RonisZiebebs eTmoba.

ungreTSi gansakuTrebiT kargadaa mogvarebuli xuTwlianebis

momzadebisa da diagnostirebis sakiTxebi. skolaSi yvela Semsvleli

kompleqsur Semowmebas gadis. komisiaSi eqimi, pedagogi da fsiqologi

Sedis.

eqvswlianebi, romlebic ar arian mzad skolaSi swavlebisaTvis erTi

weli Tavisufldebian skolidan. gonebrivad da fizikurad CamorCenilebi

gadahyavT specialur skolebsa da samkurnalo dawesebulebebSi.

rumineTis skolebSi eqvswlianebs 1968 wlidan Rebuloben.

gakveTilebis xangrZlivoba 20-25 wuTia. kviraSi bavSvebi 23 saaTi arian

dakavebulebi.

bavSvebis gonebrivi ganviTarebis skolisaTvis mzaobis dadgena

testebiTa da anketiT xdeba.

dagrovili eqsperimentuli masalis analizis Sedegad ruminelma

mecnierebma daaskvnes, rom 6 wlianebi Tavisi fizikuri da gonebrivi

ganviTarebis doniT SeZlebdnen skolaSi swavlas. Tumca xazs usvamdnen

im faqts, rom eqvswlianebs ara aqvT saTanadod momwifebuli

saartikulacio aparati, rac xels uSlis kiTxvis Cvevis dauflebas.

maTi nervuli sistemis agznebis procesebi Sekavebis procesebTan

SedarebiT privalireben. socialuri da emocionaluri ganviTareba

CamorCeba inteleqtualurs (petruSini 1973 : 62-67).

poloneTSi swavlas bavSvebi Svidi wlis asakidan iwyeben, Tumca

arsebobs eqsperimentuli skolebi, sadac swavla 6 wlidan iwyeba.

poloneli mecnierebi didi xania muSaoben saskolo mzaobis

problemebze. maT kvlevas safuZvlad udevs varaudi, rom bavSvebis

garkveuli nawili skolisaTvis ufro adre mwifdeba, vidre es kanoniTaa

dadgenili. isini cdilobdnen saskolo mzaobis kriteriumis gansazRvras,

efeqturi meTodebis SemuSavebas.

poloneli mecnierebi xazs usvamen skolamdelTa did

inteleqtualur SesaZleblobebs da am asakSi pedagogiuri muSaobis

Catarebis aucileblobas.

15

poloneli mecnierebi ikvleven eqvswlianTa saskolo mzaobis

inteleqtualur da socialur aspeqtebs. aseve ikvleven bavSvis

ganviTarebis doneze garemo pirobebis gavlenas. maT daadgines, rom

sabavSvo baRSi aRzrdili bavSvebi socialuri ganviTarebis ufro maRal

safexurze imyofebian, vidre saxlSi aRzrdilebi. gonebrivi ganviTarebis

donis mxriv qalaqis bavSvebi SesamCnevad uswreben soflis bavSvebs.

amis gamo wesrigSi dadga skolamdeli aRzrdis procesis

gaumjobeseba. saerTod poloneli mecnierebi ar Cqaroben eqvswlianTa

masiur CarTvas skolaSi, sanam ar mogvardeba skolamdelTa aRzrdis

sakiTxebi, radgan skolaSi swavlisaTvis moumzadebeli bavSvis miReba mas

bevr seriozul problemas Seuqmnis. Tumca poloneTSi mainc Rebuloben

im eqvswlianebs, romlebic fizikurad da gonebrivad mzad arian

skolisTvis da mSobeli skolas TxovniT mimarTavs. rac Seexeba

safrangeTis skolebs (mialare 1987 : 85-121, gaglari 1983 : 120-133), aq

mniSvnelovani eqvswlianebis mosamzadebeli klasebia. bavSvebi yoveldRe

eqvsi saaTis ganmavlobaSi arian dakavebulebi. TiTo gakveTili 30 wuTi

grZeldeba. gansakuTrebiT didi yuradReba eTmoba kiTxvis dauflebas,

romelic bgeris analizur-sinTezuri meTodiT mimdinareobs. kiTxvas

dReSi oTxi gakveTili da weliwadSi 360 saaTi eTmoba. weras kiTxvis

paralelurad euflebian. saweri davalebebisaTvis dReSi 15 wuTia

gamoyofili. dawyebiTi klasis moswavleebs ar aZleven saSinao

davalebas, radgan iTvleba, rom eqvs saaTiani samuSao dRe bavSvis

SesaZleblobebis maqsimumia, xolo gagrZelebuli samuSao dRe negatiur

gavlenas moaxdens, rogorc bavSvis asakobriv mdgomareobaze, ise mis

nervul sistemaze.

rogorc wera-kiTxvaSi aseve ariTmetikaSi bavSvebi damoukidebel

samuSaos skolaSi maswavleblis meTvalyureobis qveS asruleben.

damoukidebeli muSaobis erTi saaTi saklaso cxrilSi Setanilia,

rogorc yoveldRiuri savaldebulo gakveTili.

inglisis skolebSi swavla xuTi wlis asakidan iwyeba. bavSvebis

skolaSi miReba wlis ganmavlobaSi xuTjer xdeba, yoveli semestris

dasawyisSi, maSinve, roca bavSvs xuTi weli usruldeba. pirvel klasSi

bavSvebi 22 saaTi arian dakavebulebi. gakveTilis xangrZlivoba 75 –90

16

wuTia, magram es dro mxolod gakveTils ar eTmoba. 30 wuTi eTmoba

inglisur enas, 30 bunebismcodneobas, 10 wuTi musikas, 10 wuTi xatvas.

inglisSi saskolo-aRmzrdelobiTi muSaoba bavSvis spontanurad

ganviTarebis Teorias eyrdnoba. saskolo cxovreba da muSaoba ojaxis

cxovrebasTan maqsimaluradaa mimsgavsebuli. wera-kiTxvis, angariSis,

swavlebis ZiriTadi meTodi dialeqtikuri TamaSebia. ar arsebobs

gakveTilis ganrigic.

Taviseburia gakveTilebis organizacia ~patarebis skolaSi~. swavlis

dawyebis pirvel dReebSi bavSvi gakveTilis saaTs TviTon irCevs.

xuTwlianebisaTvis specialuradaa gamoyenebuli qviSa, Tixa, saRebavebi,

samSeneblo masala. pedagogi bavSvs masalis SerCevaSi exmareba da mis

saqmianobas warmarTavs. aqezebs bavSvs masalis daTvalierebisa da axali

sagnebis Seqmnisken.

maswavlebelebi muSaobis aseT stils `aqtiurs~ uwodeben, magram

realurad es swavleba ki ara TviTswavlebis procesia.

inglisis skolebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba is aris,

rom aq bavSvs saTamaSos ar aZleven, aq bavSvebi TviTon qmnian saTamaSos.

bavSvebi weras kiTxvasTan erTad swavloben. nabeWd asoebs jer

dafaze, xolo Semdeg rveulSi weren, maTematikis gakveTilze 20-is

farglebSi angariSoben, euflebian fulis, wonis, da sigrZis erTeulebs.

swavloben maT praqtikul gamoyenebas. swavlebis ZiriTadi meTodi

TamaSia. magaliTad, fulis erTeuls `maRaziobanas~ TamaSiT euflebian,

risTvisac specialuri mowyobilebebi aqvT.

bunebismetyvelebis gakveTilze bavSvebi akvirdebian bunebas,

swavloben mcenareebis movlas. skolaSi aucilebeli mxolod dilis

mecadineobebia, romlis drosac moswavleebi maswavleblebs ugdeben

yurs. dRis meore naxevari ki fizkulturas, TamaSs da sufTa haerze

mecadineobas eTmoba.

kiTxvis swavlebas moswavleebSi mxolod wera-kiTxvis interesis

gaRvivebis Semdeg iwyeben.

kiTxvis dauflebis ZiriTadi meTodi mTliani sityvebis wakiTxvaa.

kiTxvaSi mecadineobebi TamaSis saxiT, individualurad mimdinareobs.

17

kiTxvis swavleba inglisis skolebSi Semdegnairad mimdinareobs:

bavSvs aZleven qaRaldebs, romlis erT mxares leqsia dabeWdili, more

mxares ki kiTxvebi da pasuxebi im sityvebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic

bavSvebma ukve Seimecnes.

kiTxvis meTodika Semdegia: bavSvebi jer suraTebs aTvaliereben da

leqss zepirad swavloben, xolo rodesac teqsts zepirad daimaxsovreben,

maT teqstidan suraTebs aZleven. am varjiSis daxmarebiT bavSvebi

TandaTan swavloben sityvebis weras.

inglisuri skolis muSaobis Seswavlis safuZvelze a. voskresenskaia

misaRebad Tvlida saTamaSo masalis gamoyenebiT bavSvebis damoukidebel

muSaobas.

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi ganaTlebis sistemis decentraliza-

ciis Sedegad ar arsebobs erTiani saswavlo gegmebi da programebi.

dawyebiT klasebSi eqvswlianebs aswavlian mSobliur enas, maTematikas,

bunebismetyvelebas, sazogadoebaTmcodneobas.

bavSvebi kviraSi 30 saaTi arian datvirTulebi. drois 30%

metyvelebis gakveTilebs eTmoba, kiTxvis daufleba neli tempiT

mimdinareobs (malkova 1971 : 135-165). maTematikis swavleba j. bruneris

spiraliseburi programiT swarmoebs, romlis Tanaxmadac bavSvebs

mecnierebis ZiriTad ideebs aswavlian, ramdenadac es maTTvis rTuli ar

unda iyos. Semdeg safexurze xdeba yovelive amis ganmeoreba.

bunebismetyvelebis programa aseve spiraliseburia. erTi da igive Temebi

klasidan klasSi garTulebuli saxiT meordeba. skolaSi fizkulturis

gakveTilebi mimarTulia kompleqsebis daZlevisa da bavSvis fsiqikuri

janmrTelobis SenarCunebisken.

bavSvebs aseve aswavlian xelgarjilobas, musikas, simReras, cekvas,

xatvas da yvelaferi es sxva sagnebTan SerwymiT da ara cal-calke

mimdinareobs.

iaponiis skolebSi eqvswlianebs ZiriTadad wera-kiTxvas aswavlian.

maTematikis programa ruseTis skolebSi arsebuli programis

analogiuria. iaponiaSi muSavdeba sakiTxi saskolo swavlebis dasawyisad

oTxi wlis SemosaRebad, oRond mxolod mas Semdeg, rac eqsperimentuli

kvlevis Sedegebi gamoqveyndeba (kotii 1983 : 101-103).

18

rogorc Cans, msoflios umravles qveynebSi skolaSi swavlebis

sawyis asakad 5-6 welia aRiarebuli.

saerTod, skolaSi swavlebis dasawyisi sruliad cvlis bavSvis

cxovrebas. igi ganviTarebis axal safexurze gadadis, sadac TamaSis

adgils swavla ikavebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi iwyebs seriozul

saqmian cxovrebas da laRi udardeli cxovreba saqmiani, wesebiani,

valdebulebebiT aRsavse dReebiT icvleba.

dRes mTavari da gadamwyveti kriteriumi Cvens qveyanaSi saSualo

skolaSi Sesasvlelad aseTia _ skolaSi swavlas yvela eqvswliani

iwyebs. es asaki empiruladaa dadgenili da sakmaod xangrZlivi istoria

aqvs.

marTlac, eqvswlian bavSvTa garkveuli raodenoba axerxebs

Seasrulos is moTxovnebi, romlebic elementarul saswavlo

masalasTanaa dakavSirebuli da aseve damakmayofileblad laxaven

siZneleebs, romlebic axal socialur situaciasTanaa dakavSirebuli.

amave dros eqvswlian bavSvTa garkveuli raodenoba ar pasuxobs im

moTxovnebs, rac skolisaTvis mzaobas gulisxmobs. maTTvis skolaSi

Sesvla aris gauTavebeli warumateblobebis da fsiqikuri tramvebis

dasawyisi. warmoqmnil siZneleebs aqvs, rogorc saswavlo, saaRmzrdelo,

ise xSirad samedicino Sedegic ki (kuCma 2006 : 13).

rogorc cnobilia, gakveTili mkacrad gansazRvruli wesrigiT

xasiaTdeba. igi moswavlisagan moiTxovs Seakavos sxeulis sxvadasxva

funqcionalur struqturaSi warmoqmnili aqtivobis moTxovnilebis

impulsebi. es impulsebi 5-6 wlis asakSi didi raodenobiT da

intensivobiT iCenen Tavs da Tavisufal, SeuzRudav ralizacias yvelaze

metad TamaSis formiT gaSlil aqtivobaSi naxuloben (CxartiSvili 1975

: 3-27).

es aqtivobebi gakveTilze bavSvebis iseT moqmedebebs aRZraven,

romlebic reJims arRvevs da swavlebas xels uSlis. amitom

maswavlebeli moswavleebs aiZulebs Tavi Seikavon sxva saqmianobebisagan

da yuradReba gakveTilisken mimarTon. roca Zlieri Sekaveba xSirad da

xangrZlivad warmoebs maSin Tu nervuli sistemis Semkavebeli funqciebi

saTanadod araa momwifebuli, es SeiZleba bavSvisTvis saziano aRmoCndes.

19

aseTi ram xSirad uqadis safrTxes im bavSvebs, romlebic susti nervuli

sistemis tipebs miekuTvnebian. pavlovis skolis gamokvlevebis Sedegad

cnobilia, rom susti nervuli sistema, roca mas Zlier Sekavebas

vaiZulebT, SeiZleba nervoziT daavaddes.

saerTod swavla Tavidanve gulisxmobs swavlas am sityvis sruli

mniSvnelobiT. bavSvebs sakmaod did jgufebSi uxdebaT mizandasaxuli

marTvadi muSaoba.

amitom pirvelklaseli ukve dauflebuli unda iyos skolis mowafis

mTel rig niSnebs. igi momwifebuli unda iyos rogorc gonebrivi,

emociuri, ise socialuri TvalsazrisiT.

am mizniT saqarTveloSi, ruseTsa da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi

ukve 30-40 welia muSavdeba sakiTxi pirvelklaselTa saskolo mzaobis

Sesaxeb.

dagrovili masalebis didi raodenobis miuxedavad erTiani da

mkafiod gamokveTili azri skolisaTvis mzaobis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs.

qarTveli fsiqologebi miiCneven, rom skolisaTvis momwifebas 3

aspeqti aqvs:

1) motoruli aparatis momwifeba;

2) inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis momwifeba;

3) socialur-pirovnuli momwifeba.

bavSvi saskolo swavlebis dawyebisaTvis maSinaa mzad, roca misi

fizikuri, inteleqtualuri da socialur-pirovnuli momwifebis done

iseTia, rom mas SeuZlia umtkivneulod miiRos da aitanos is fizikuri,

inteleqtualuri da socialur-pirovnuli datvirTva, romelsac bavSvs

saskolo cxovreba uyenebs.

saskolo swavlebisaTvis inteleqtualuri momwifeba niSnavs, rom

bavSvis inteleqtualuri operaciebi imdenadaa momwifebuli, rom mas

maswavleblis daxmarebiT SeuZlia pirvelklaselis programiT

gaTvaliswinebuli masalis gageba, aTviseba da damxsovreba.

upirveles yovlisa aucilebelia bavSvi axerxebdes saswavlo masalis

aRqmas, warmosaxvaSi mocemuli TvalsaCino movlenebis obieqtivacias,

elementarul analizs, sinTezs, ganyenebasa da ganzogadebas. analizis da

sinTezis elementaluri donis gareSe bavSvi wera-kiTxvasac ki ver

20

daeufleba. saswavlo procesSi adamianis fsiqikuri procesebia CarTuli.

S. CxartiSvili yvelaze mniSvnelovan rols azrovnebas aniWebs, radgan

namdvili swavla gulisxmobs gagebas, rac mxolod azrovnebis funciaa.

S. CxartiSvili ganixilavs fsiqikuri funqciebis mdgomareobas.

skolamdel asakSi bavSvis aRqma difuzur, daunawevrebel, mTlian

gancdas warmoadgens. masSi subieqturi momentebi ufro sWarbobs vidre

obieqturi.

4 wlis asakidan bavSvis aRqmis struqtura arsebiTi xasiaTis cvlilebas

ganicdis: igi Tavisufldeba subieqturi momentebisagan da Sinaganad

ufro da ufro danawevrebuli xdeba. saganTa Soris gansxvavebas da

msgavsebas obieqturi niSnebi gansazRvraven da ara STabeWdileba. niSanTa

ricxvi, romlis SemCnevasac bavSvebi saganSi iwyeben sagrZnoblad

izrdeba. Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom saskolo cxovrebis dawyebisas bavSvis

aRqmas sabolood dasrulebuli saxe aqvs. man ganviTarebis kidev sakmaod

grZeli gza unda gaiaros, rom aRqmis srulyofili saxe miiRos, magram

miRweulia is, rac skolaSi swavlisaTvis aucilebelia. aq bavSvi

axerxebs mTlianad calkeuli niSnis gamoyofas da masze yuradRebis

SeCerebas. yovelive es bavSvs aZlevs SesaZleblobas maswavlebelis

daxmarebiT gaecnos sagnisa da movlenebis elementarul Tvisebebs da

SesZlos wera-kiTxvis swavla, rac SeuZlebelia bgeraTa grafikuli

gamosaxulebis _ asoebis erTimeorisagan ganmasxvavebeli niSnebis aRqmisa

da gacnobierebis gareSe.

aRqmis Sinaarsis diferenciacia mexsierebis muSaobazedac axdens

gavlenas da ufro danawevrebuli Sinaarsis warmodgenaTa SesaZleblobas

iZleva. rogorc sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa specialuri gamokvlevebi

mowmoben, saskolo asakis dasawyisisTvis bavSvs mexsiereba ramodenime

iseT Taviseburebas iZens, romelic swavlis aucilebel pirobas Seadgens.

TvalsaCinodaa gazrdili mexsierebis moculoba da simtkice,

damaxsovrebuli STabeWdilebebis droSi xangrZlivad Senaxvis unari.

skolamdeli asakis bavSvis mexsierebisagan gansxvavebiT 6-7 wlis bavSvi

axerxebs azrianad daimaxsovros masala da marTos mexsiereba. masala

ganzraxvis Sesatyvisad daixsomos, daiswavlos da moigonos, gaixsenos,

21

warmoidginos. saskolo swavla mxolod aseT mexsierebas SeiZleba

daefuZnos.

rogorc e. keJeraZis gamokvlevebma gviCvena, saskolo asakis mijnaze

bavSvis mexsierebis muSaobaSi kidev erTi axali da sayuradRebo movlena

iCens Tavs. bavSvebi wina asakTan SedarebiT dasamaxsovrebeli

masalisadmi gansxvavebul damokidebulebas amJRavneben: dasamaxsovrebel

masalasTan sityviT gaSualebul urTierTobas amyareben. warmoTqvamen im

movlenebis da sagnebis saxelebs, romelTa damaxsovrebac surT da am

gziT axdenen maT obieqtivacias. sityvebis moxmarebiT mexsierebis

muSaoba adis ufro maRal _ obieqtivaciis doneze.

rogorc d. uznaZis, r. naTaZis, r, nadiraSvilis gamokvlevebma gviCvena,

saskolo asakis mijnaze bavSvis azrovnebaSi iseT cvlilebebi xdeba,

romlebic SesaZleblad xdian saskolo swavlebas.

marTalia, pirvelklasels azrovneba jer kidev konkretul _

TvalsaCino xasiaTs atarebs da ganzogadebas saganTa da movlenaTa

xatovani, zedapiruli dakvirvebisTvis uSualod mocemuli niSnebiT

axdens. igi axdens saganTa mTliani xatebis analizs da iqidan saerTo

niSnebis gamotanasa da ganzogadebas, rac ufrosis daxmarebis

SemTxvevaSi sakmaod mravalferovani sagnebisgan Semdgar jgufze

vrceldeba.

ufros skolamdel asakSi cnebiTi azrovnebisaTvis saWiro ZiriTadi

fizikuri SesaZleblobani _ obieqtivaciis, analizis, abstraqciisa da

sinTezis unari imdenad aris momwifebuli, rom TvalsaCinod mocemuli

movlenebis mimarT maT gamoyenebas ase Tu ise axerxebs. magram

skolamdeli asakis garemo ar Seicavs am azrovnebiTi operaciebis

Semdgomi intensiuri ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro pirobebs. d. uznaZis

azriT cnebiT azrovnebaze gadasvla skolis asakis periodSi xdeba.

rac Seexeba fizikur mzaobas bavSvma rom skolaSi siaruli da yvela

saswavlo davalebis Sesruleba SesZlos, aucilebelia organizmi

fizikurad garkveul doneze ganviTarebuli hqondes da ise iyos

dauflebuli motorul aparats, rom misi mizandasaxuli gamoyeneba

SeZlos. didi mniSvneloba aqvs bavSvis Zval-xrtilovani da kunTuri

sistemis momwifebis dones.

22

anatomiur-fiziologiuri momwifebidan yuradsaRebia Semdegi

momentebi. msxvili kunTebis ganviTareba win uswrebs wvrili kunTebis

ganviTarebas, amitom bavSvebi ukeT asruleben SedarebiT farTe

amplitudian moZraobebs, vidre im moZraobebs romlebic did sizustes

Txouloben. 7 wlis asakis bavSvebis umravlesobas kargad SeuZlia

sirbili, xtunva.

rac Seexeba wvril motorikas, misi ganviTareba mxolod 6-7 wlis

asakidan xdeba. bavSvebis garkveul nawils ukve SeuZlia plasteliniTa

da fanqriT muSaoba, Tumca zogierT 7 wlis janmrTel bavSvsac ar

SeuZlia rombis daxatva an asoebis gamoyvana. 6-8 wlis asakSi Sua tvini

ganicdis zrdis naxtoms. 8 wlisaTvis bavSvis tvini mozrdili adamianis

tvinis 90%-s Seadgens. am dros mwifdeba bavSvis Sublis wilic, romelic

pasuxismgebelia azrovnebaze da cnobierebaze. Sublis wilis farTobi

izrdeba nervuli boWkoebis ganStoebis Sedegad da mwifdeba rogorc

struqturuli, ise funqcionaluri TvalsazrisiT. swored am dros

gadadis bavSvis azrovneba konkretuli operaciebis stadiaze.

6-7 wlisaTvis izrdeba nervuli procesebis labiloba. skolamdel

asakTan SedarebiT ufro metad SeiniSneba agznebis da Sekavebis

procesebis Tanasworoba. Tumca aRznebis procesebi upiratesia (rac

ganapirobebs umcrosi saskolo asakis bavSvebis iseT saxasiaTo

Taviseburebebs, rogoricaa mousvenroba, momatebuli emociuri

agznebadoba).

am asakSi organoebSi da qsovilebSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi xdeba,

romlebic wina periodTan SedarebiT sagrZnoblad zrdian bavSvis

fizikur gamZleobas.

es yvlaferi xelsayrel anatomiur-fiziologir winapirobas qmnis

saswavlo saqmianobis ganxorcilebisaTvis, Tumca mxolod fizikuri da

inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobani saskolo swavlebas ver uzrunvelyofs.

imisaTvis, rom bavSvma Tavisi fsiqo-fizikuri SesaZleblobebi

warmarTos, saWiroa igi TviTon, rogorc pirovneba, saTanadod iyos

momzadebuli. man unda SesZlos skolis wesebisadmi daqvemdebareba da

skolidan momdinare amocanebis Tavis Tavze miReba da ganxorcieleba. p.

heceris azriT, pirvel saswavlo wels momwifebis dasabuTebisaTvis

23

socialur-pirovnuli momwifebis aspeqts ufro meti mniSvneloba aqvs,

vidre funqcionalurs.

bavSvis skolisaTvis momwifebis am sam aspeqts Soris arsebobs

garkveuli mimarTeba da roca es mimarTeba daculia, maSin bavSvi

harmoniuladaa ganviTarebuli. samwuxarod es harmonia yovelTvis araa

daculi, romelime mxare xandaxan CamorCeba an win uswrebs sxvebs.

S. CxartiSvilis mosazrebiT, xSir SemTxvevaSi skolamdeli asakis

bavSvis socialur-pirovnuli ganviTarebis saSualo tempi CamorCeba maTi

inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis saSualo temps. 6 wlis bavSvebis

umravlesobas umZims is socialur-pirovnuli tvirTi, romelsac maT

Cvens skolebSi swavlebis pirveli weli akisrebT.

d. uznaZe 5-7 wlis asaks miiCnevs periodad, roca mniSvnelovani

cvlilebebi xdeba rogorc fizikur, pirovnul, ise inteleqtualur

sferoSi.

SevCerdebiT mocemuli periodis 4 ZiriTad axalwarmonaqmnze. esenia

obieqtivaciis unaris ganviTarebis dawyeba, logikuri azrovnebisa da

mexsierebis sagrZnobi gaumjobeseba, TanatolebTan urTierTobis

moTxovnileba.

obieqtivacia es aris adamianis unari, dakvirvebis obieqtad aqcios

rogorc sakuTari qmedeba, ise garemo. d. uznaZe mocemul unars

gansakuTrebiT did mniSvnelobas aniWebda, radgan es ukanskneli

umaRlesi fsiqikuri funqciis (azrovnebis, metyvelebis, nebelobis)

ganviTarebas ganapirobebs.

5-7 weli mocemuli funqciis ganviTarebis sawyisi periodia, xolo 7

wlis asakSi bavSvi ukve avlens mocemul unars.

rac Seexeba logikur azrovnebas _ azrovnebis mocemuli tipis

ZiriTad problemas cnebis genezisi warmoadgens.

cnebebis formiT azrovneba Semdeg momentebs gulisxmobs:

warmosaxuli obieqtebis Tvisebebis diferenciacia, maTi abstraqcia,

abstragirebuli niSnebisaTvis sityviTi mniSvnelobis miniWeba,

ganzogadeba da axali Sinaarsebis mimarT maTi gamoyeneba. oRond

namdvili cnebis Sesaxeb mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba laparaki, roca

mocemuli operaciebi cnobierad mimdinareobs da subieqts mis Sesaxeb

24

angariSis mocema SeuZlia. 5-7 wlis bavSvs SeuZlia obieqtis dajgufeba

ori an meti calkeuli niSnis mixedviT. Tumca, Tavdapirvelad ufrosis

daxmarebas saWiroebs.

amrigad, azrovnebis ganviTarebis sferoSi mocemuli periodis

monapovari aris cnebis Seqmnis ZiriTadi periodis: abstraqciis gziT

analizisa da gacnobierebuli sinTezis unaris funqciaTa momwifeba.

mocemul asakSi mniSvnelovania mexsierebis ganviTarebac. pasiuri

reproduqciis gverdiT aqtiuri mogonebis da damaxsovrebis unaric

TvalsaCino momwifebas ganicdis bavSvs SeuZlia miznad daisaxos

garkveuli masalis xangrZlivad damaxsovreba, anu mas SuZlia sakuTari

mexsierebis muSaobis marTva.

mocemul asakSi bavSvs uCndeba TanatolebTan urTierTobis

moTxovnileba, uviTardeba `rTuli TanamSromlobis unari~. volbergis

mosazrebiT rTuli TanamSromloba aris is, roca bavSvs SeuZlia

gaiTvaliswinos koleqtivis saerTo amocana da ganaxorcielos saWiro

qmedebebi.

d. uznaZis azriT (uznaZe 2005 : 453-484), skolaSi swavla gulisxmobs

bavSvis inteleqtualur ZalTa aqtivacias da codnis miRebis survils.

vinaidan swavla qcevis iseTi formaa, romlis ganxorcielebis dros

sagani garedan da iZulebiTaa miwodebuli. skolaSi swavla Semdeg

princips efuZneba. roca bavSvs skolaSi rames aswavlian, vTqvaT

ariTmetikas, im moments ki ar ucdian, rodesac yvela moswavles

ariTmetikuli azrovnebis funqcionaluri tendencia moumwifdeba, aramed

mTel klass erTi da igive dros awodeben ariTmetikul masalas da amiT

bavSvebs ariTmetikuli azrovnebis funqciebis amoqmedebisaken ubiZgeben.

miwodebuli masalis Tanmimdevrobas bavSvis funqcionaluri tendencia ki

ar gansazRvravs, aramed saswavlo sagnis programa, anu sagani bavSvs

yovelTvis garedan miewodeba.

amitom, skolaSi SesvlisTvis bavSvis funqciebi imdenad unda iyos

momwifebuli, rom sakuTari Zalebis mobilizeba ara impulsurad, aramed

aqtiurad SeZlos.

anu bavSvma skolaSi swavlisas unda moaxdinos rogorc motoruli,

ise inteleqtualuri funqciebis mobilizeba.

25

maSasadame, d. uznaZe skolaSi swavlis safuZvlad impulsebis

moTokvis unarsa da moqmedebis nebismieri regulaciis SesaZleblobas

moiazrebs.

sazRvargareTeli fsiqologebi skolisaTvis momwifebis cnebas

ganixilaven rogorc ganviTarebaSi iseTi donis miRwevas, roca bavSvs

unari uCndeba monawileoba miiRos saskolo swavlebaSi.

i. Svancara saubrobs:

1) gonebriv;

2) emociur;

3) socialur mzaobaze;

S. dancingeri saubrobs

1) somatur;

2) funqciur;

3) pirovnul mzaobaze.

germaneli mkvlevari vitclaki Tvlis (vitclaki 1986 : 27-35), rom

srulfasovani swavlebisaTvis pirvel klasSi aucilebelia gonebrivi

ganviTarebis garkveuli done, koncentraciis unari, gamZleoba,

interesisa da miRwevis garkveuli donis qona, socialuri aspeqti.

sxva sazRvargareTeli mecnierebis kvlevebSic (anastazi 1982 : 20-101,

anastazi 1982 : 60-68), saskolo mzaobis qveS 3 aspeqti igulisxmeba:

1) inteleqtualuri;

2) emocionaluri;

3) socialuri.

inteleqtualur mzaobaze Semdegi parametrebiT msjeloben:

1) aRqmis diferenciacia (perceptuli mzaoba);

2) yuradRebis koncentracia;

3) analitikuri azrovneba; movlenebs Soris kavSiris povnis unari;

4) logikuri damaxsovreba;

5) sensomotoruli koordinacia;

6) nimuSiT xelmZRvanelobis unari;

7) natifi motorika,

anu inteleqtualuri mzaoba Tavis tvinis struqturebis momwifebas

moiazrebs.

26

emociur mzaobaze metyvelebs:

1) impulsuri reaqciebis Semcireba;

2) uintereso saqmis xangrZlivad keTebis unari.

socialur mzaobaze metyvlebs:

1) bavSvis TanatolebTan urTierTobis moTxovnileba da unari,

dauqvemdebaros sakuTari qceva bavSvebis jgufis kanonebs;

2) moswavlis rolis Sesrulebis unari.

mocemul parametrebze dayrdnobiT iqmneba saskolo mzaobis testebi.

rusi mkvlevarebi xazs usvamen, rom skolisaTvis mzaoba es aris

bavSvis fsiqikis ganviTarebis is saWiro da sakmarisi done, romelic

aucilebelia, raTa is daeuflos saskolo programas TanatolTa jgufSi

mimdinare swavlebis procesSi.

rusi avtorebi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWeben pirovnul,

motivaciur da socialur sferos. `socialuri momwifeba da ara

teqnikuri codna (kiTxva, Tvla) warmoadgens skolisaTvis mzaobas~

(boJoviCi 2000 : 366).

d. elkonini saskolo mzaobis cnebaSi pirvel rigSi moiazrebda

saswavlo saqmianobis dauflebis fsiqologiur winapirobebs (elkonini

1981 : 6-62). mniSvnelovan winapirobas is miakuTvnebda:

1. bavSvis unars cnobierad dauqvemdebaros sakuTari qmedeba wesebs;

2. unars muSaobisas daemorCilos wesebs;

3. ufrosis mosmenisa da misi instruqciebis gaTvaliswinebis unars;

4. nimuSiT xelmZRvanelobis unars.

n. salmina (salmina 2002 : 126) saskolo mzaobis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblad

miiCnevs:

1. nebelobas;

2. semiotikuri funqciis ganviTarebis dones;

3. urTierTobebis sferosTan dakavSirebul pirovnul Taviseburebebs

(TanamSromlobis unari, emocionaluri sferos ganviTareba).

e. kravcovas SromebSi (kravcovi, kravcova 1987 : 77, kravcova 1991 : 150)

mniSvnelovani roli urTierTobis sferos eniWeba. igi gamoyofs sam

sferos _ ufrosebTan, TanatolebTan, sakuTar TavTan damokidebulebas.

27

aRniSnul SromebSi naCvenebia, rom bavSvebi TanamSromlobis kargi

unariT maRali inteleqtiTac gamoirCevian.

n. niJegorodceva (niJegorodceva 2002 : 256) saskolo mzaobas iseT

struqturad miiCnevs, romelic swavlisaTvis mniSvnelovani

Tvisebebebisagan Sedgeba, magram `swavlisaTvis mniSvnelovani yvela

Tviseba~ erTnair gavlenas ar axdens saskolo swavlebaze. n.

niJegorodceva gamoyofs `swavlisaTvis mniSvnelovan bazisur da

swavlisaTvis mniSvnelovan Tvisebas~. I klasSi faqtiurad bazisuri da

wamyvani Tvsiebebi erTmaneTs emTxveva. maT miekuTvneba:

1) swavlis motivebi;

2) mxedvelobiTi analizi (xatovani azrovneba);

3) saswavlo amocanis miRebis unari;

4) sawyisi Cvevebi;

5) grafikuli unari;

6) moqmedebis nebismieri regulacia;

7) swavlebadoba.

bazisuri da wamyvani Tvisebebi 2 parametriT gansxvavdebian. `bazisur

mniSvnelovan Tvisebebs emateba ganzogadebis unari, xolo `wamyvan

Tvisebebs~ verbaluri, meqanikuri mexsiereba.

swavlisaTvis mniSvnelovani Tvisebebis struqturas saswavlo wlis

dasawyisSi `sastarto mzaoba~ ewodeba. swavlis procesSi `sastarto

mzaoba~ gardaiqmneba `meorad mzaobad~, romlebzec damokidebulia

bavSvis Semdgomi warmatebebi.

yvela gamokvlevaSi, midgomis miuxedavad iTvleba, rom saskolo

swavleba efeqturi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iqneba, Tu saswavlo wlis

dasawyisSi pirvelklasels ukve aqvs is aucilebeli da sakmarisi

Tvisebebi, romlebic Semdgom wlebSi viTardeba.

mocemuli Teoriebidan gamomdinareobs, rom saskolo mzaobis

safuZveli aris ganviTarebis is bazisi, romlis gareSe bavSvs skolaSi

warmatebiT swavla ar Seulia.

am SemTxvevaSi swavleba mihyveba ganviTarebas, vinaidan mocemuli

Teoriebis mixedviT ar SeiZleba daiwyo skolaSi swavla ganviTarebis

garkveuli donis arsebobis gareSe. amasTanave, l. boJoviCis da d.

28

elkoninis SromebSi naCvenebia, rom swavleba ganviTarebis stimulacias

axdens. amiT mtkicdeba l. vigotskis mosazreba, rom swavleba win

uswrebs ganviTarebas, Tan `erTi nabiji swavlebaSi SesaZlebelia

udrides 100 nabijs ganviTarebaSi~.

aq garkevul winaaRmdegobas vawydebiT: Tu swavleba ganviTarebis

stimulacias iwvevs, ratom ar SeiZleba swavlis dawyeba skolaSi

ganviTarebis garkveuli donis gareSe.

l. vigotski `wera-kiTxvis dauflebis kvlevis magaliTze~ gviCvenebs,

rom weris swavlebas abstraqciis sakmaod maRali done sWirdeba, xolo

bavSvebs swavlis dawyebamde abstraqciis es done ar gaaCniaT. is Cndeba

weris swavlebis dros (vigotski 1982 : 362-465). l. vigotski aRniSnavs, rom

bavSvs, romelic weris swavlas iwyebs, jer ara aqvs motivebi, romlebic

mas weris swavlas moandomebs. arada motivacia mniSvnvelovani

safuZvelia nebismieri saqmianobis dauflebisaTvis.

kidev erTi sirTule _ wera xom did nebisyofas moiTxovs. weriTi

metyvelebisas bavSvma unda gaiazros sityvis bgeriTi Semadgenloba da

Semdeg gadaitanos weriT niSnebSi, magram nebeloba da gacnobierebis

unari skolaSi swavlis dawyebisas Canasaxis mdgomareobaSia da mxolod

umcros saskolo asakSi viTardeba.

aRniSnuli kvlevebis ganxilvisas l. vigotski Semdeg daskvnamde

mivida: `skolaSi swavlis dawyebisas weriTi metyvelebis dauflebisaTvis

yvela saWiro funqcias jer ar dauwyia ganviTarebis namdvili procesi.

swavleba eyrdnoba moumwifebel fsiqikur procesebs, romlebic es-es

aris ganviTarebas iwyeben~.

es faqti sxva mecnierebmac daadastures. ariTmetikis, gramatikis

swavleba im dros iwyeba, roca saWiro funqciebi jer momwifebuli ar

aris. piriqiT, swavlebis dasawyisSi funqciebis umwifaroba _ saskolo

swavlebis ZiriTadi kanonia.

l. vigotski iyenebs cnebas `uaxlesi ganviTarebis zona~, romelic

ganisazRvreba, rogorc manZili bavSvis aqtualuri ganviTarebis donesa

da im SesaZlo dones Soris, romlis miRweva bavSvs ufrosis daxmarebiT

SeuZlia (vigotski 1982 : 362-465). daxmarebaSi igulisxmeba rogorc

pirdapiri Cveneba imisa Tu rogor sruldeba davaleba da mimaxvedrebeli

29

kiTxvebis dasma. l. vigotski wers, rom bavSvs SeuZlia mibaZos mxolod

imas, rac misi inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis zonaSia mocemuli. ar

unda CavTvaloT, rom mimbaZvelobis unari bavSvis inteleqtualuri

miRweva ar aris. ùaxlesi ganviTarebis zona~ bevrad informatulia

bavSvis gonebrivi ganviTarebis donis Sesaxeb, vidre misi àqtualuri

ganviTarebis zona~.

amitom l. vigotski Tvlida, rom àr aris sakmarisi icode bavSvis

aqtualuri ganviTarebis done, saWiroa icode momwifebis procesSi myofi

funqciebic. bavSvs unda aswavlo is, rac xvdeba uaxloesi ganviTarebis

zonaSi. bavSvs mxolod amis aRqma SeuZlia, mxolod es gamoiwvevs misi

fsiqikis ganviTarebas~.

miuxedavad imisa, rom l. vigotski sulac ar Tvlida aucileblad

skolaSi swavlebis dasawyebad ukve momwifebuli funqciebis arsebobas.

statiaSi `swavlebisa da gonebrivi ganviTarebis problema saskolo

asakSi~ werda: `swavleba unda iyos SeTanxmebuli bavSvis ganviTarebis

donesTan _ es empiriulad dadgenili da mravaljer gadamowmebuli

faqtia. wera-kiTxva bavSvs yovelTvis garkveuli asakidan unda aswavlo,

mxolod garkveuli asakidan aris bavSvi mzad algebris saswavlebad~

(vigotski 1991 : 300-448).

swored es sityvebi gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas gavigoT is winaaRmdegoba,

romelic arsebobs eqsperimentul kvlevebsa (romlebic amtkiceben, rom

swavleba iwvevs ganviTarebas) da saskolo fsiqologiuri mzaobis

Teoriebs Soris.

saqme imaSia, rom swavleba, romelic eyrdnoba ùaxloesi ganviTarebis

zonas~, mainc gulisxmobs aqtualuri ganviTarebis garkveul dones.

saskolo programebi ZiriTadad isea gaTvlili, rom eyrdnoba ufrosi

skolamdeli asakis bavSvis àqtualuri ganviTarebis saSualo dones~.

aqedan cxadia, rom programebi ar eyrdnoba im fsiqikur funqciebs,

romlebic umcrosi saskolo asakis axalwarmonaqmnia. mocemuli

moumwifebeli funqciebi ar aris is yvelaze dabali zRvari, romelsac

eyrdnoba saskolo programebi. amitom miumwifebeli fuqnciebi xels ar

uSlis swavlebis process.

30

l. boJoviCis da d. elkoninis Sromebi swored àqtualuri

ganviTarebis dones~ eTmoba, romlis gareSe yovlad SeuZlebelia

skolaSi warmatebuli swavla. aq TiTqos isev vawydebiT winaaRmdegobas,

magram mocemuli winaaRmdegoba ixsneba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom aq saubaria

ara, `swavlebisadmi mzaobaze~ (roca ufrosi individualurad

amecadinebs bavSvs) aramed `saskolo swavlebaze~, roca klasSi 20-30

bavSvi erTi programiT swavlobs. Tu zogierTi bavSvis àqtualuri

ganviTarebis done~ ufro dabalia, vidre es programiTaa

gaTvaliswinebuli, maSin swavleba ar xvdeba am bavSvebis ùaxloesi

ganviTarebis zonaSi~ da isini CamorCenli moswavleebi xdebian.

saskolo fsiqologiuri mzaobis motivaciis ganmsazRvreli

roli

moswavlis Sinagani pozicia da swavlis motivebi

l. boJoviCi Tavis SromebSi (boJoviCi 1972 : 23-3, boJoviCi 1968 : 132)

mniSvnelovan rols bavSvis pirovnebis formirebaSi motivaciur sferos

akuTvnebs. mocemuli poziciiT ganixileba skolisaTvis mzaobis sakiTxic.

boJoviCi gamohyofda swavlis motivebis 2 jgufs. pirvel jgufs

miekuTvneba:

1) saswavlo saqmianobasTan uSualod dakavSirebuli motivebi:

esenia bavSvis SemecnebiTi interesebi, inteleqtualuri

aqtivobis moTxovnileba.

2) meore jgufs warmoadgens swavlis farTo socialuri motivebi,

anu motivebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia `bavSvis sxva

adamianebTan urTierTobis, maTgan Seqebis da aRiarebis miRebis

moTxovnilebasTan. aseve bavSvis survili, daikavos garkveuli

adgili socialuri urTierTobis sferoSi.

bavSvs skolaSi swavla imitom unda, rom daikavos sazogadoebaSi

garkveuli pozocia da daikmayofilos is SemecnebiTi interesebi,

romelsac veRar ikmayofilebs saxlis pirobebSi. mocemuli

moTxovnilebebi `qmnis moswavlis Sinagan pozicias~. am axalwarmonaqmns

31

l. boJoviCi gansakuTrebulad did mniSvnelobas miawerda, radgan

Tvlida, rom moswavlis Sinagani pozicia SeiZleba CaiTvalos saskolo

mzaobis umaRles kriteriumad, Tumca saWiroa imis aRniSvna, rom

moswavlis Sinagani pozicia, swavlis socialuri motivebis wminda

istoriuli movlenaa. Cvens qveyanaSi aRzrdisa da ganaTlebis sistema

Semdeg safexurebs moicavs:

1) baga da sabavSvo baRebi (aq dadian skolamdeli asakis bavSvebi);

2) skola _ (skolaSi SesvlasTan erTad bavSvi dgams pirvel nabijs

didebis samyaroSi. aq mzaddeba bavSvi damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis);

3) umaRlesi skola an samsaxuri.

skola gamaerTianebeli rgolia bavSvobasa da mozrdilobas Soris.

Tu sabavSvo baRSi siaruli savaldebulo ar aris, skolaSi siaruli

savaldebuloa. swored amitom, bavSvebisaTvis skolaSi swavlis dawyeba

Zalian mniSvnelovania. isini codnis miRebis garda axal socialur

statuss Rebuloben.

rogorc wesi, swavlis motivebSi Semavali motivebidan SesaZloa

romelime dominirebdes. ganvixiloT ama Tu im motivis dominirebis

sxvadasxva SemTxveva.

swavlis socialuri motivis dominireba _ rogorc ukve avRniSneT

swavlis socialur motivebSi Sedis motivebi, dakavSirebuli bavSvis

moTxovnilebasTan, daikavos axali socialuri pozicia da mis

survilTan, daamyaros ufrosTan urTierToba axali doneze.

e. smirnovas (smirnova 1985 : 28-34) gamokvlevebi exeboda skolaSi

swavlebisaTvis bavSvis komunikaciur mzaobas. man imis saintereso axsna

SemogvTavaza, Tu ratom uCndeba bavSvs skolamdeli asakis dasasruls

ufrosebTan axal doneze urTierTobis survili.

skolisaTvis komunikaciuri mzaoba ganixileba rogorc ufrosTan

urTierTobis sferos ganviTarebis Sedegi.

m. lisinas naSromSi gamoyofilia bavSvis ufrosTan urTierTobis 4

forma (lisina 1949 : 89-125). esenia:

1) situaciur-pirovnuli;

2) situaciur-saqmiani;

3) arasituaciur-SemecnebiTi;

32

4) arasituaciur-pirovnuli.

urTierTobis pirvel formas _ situaciur-pirovnuls axasiaTebs

uSualo emocionaluri urTierToba ufrosebTan da tipiuria

axalSobilis sicocxlis pirveli naxevari wlisaTvis.

situaciur-saqmian urTierTobebs axasiaTebs ufrosebTan TamaSis

dros sagnebTan manipulaciis daswavla. ufrosi aq TamaSis Tanamonwile

gamodis. es urTierTobebi damaxasiaTebelia 4 wlamde asakis

bavSvebisTvis.

arasituaciur-SemecnebiT formas axasiaTebs ufrosisadmi bavSvis

SemecnebiTi tipis SekiTxvebi. am SemTxvevaSi bavSvebisaTvis ufrosi xdeba

axali codnis, informaciis wyaro. (damaxasiaTebelia 4-5 wlis

asakisaTvis).

bavSvis zrdasTan erTad ufros skolamdelebs ufro xiblavs iseTi

movlenebi, romelic adamianebis, da ara sagnebis samyaroSi xdeba.

adamianuri urTierTobebi, qcevis normebi sul ufro mniSvnelovania

bavSvisaTvis. aq Cndeba urTierTobis arasituaciur _ pirovnuli forma

`ufrosi bavSvisaTvis kvlav rCeba axali informaciebis miRebis wyarod,

bavSvisaTvis kvlav Zalian mniSvnelovania misgan aRiarebisa da

pativiscemis miReba. am periodSi bavSvisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovani

xdeba, rom movlenebisadmi misi damokidebuleba daemTxves ufrosis

mosazrebebs. urTierTgagebis survili urTierTobis mocemuli

formisTvis mTavar Taviseburebas warmoadgens~. ufrosTan sakuTari

mosazrebis Tanxvedra xdeba bavSvis sisworis kriteriumi. urTierTobis

mocemuli formis dros bavSvi amyarebs sxvadasxva saxis urTierTobas

adamianebTan, imisda mixedviT Tu ra rols asruleben isini

sazogadoebaSi: bavSvebi axdenen eqimis, maswavlebelis, rolebis

diferencirebas.

Tu bavSvTan dominirebs swavlis socialuri motivebi, bavSvi

skolisaken miiswrafvis, raTa daikavos misTvis axali _ moswavlis

pozicia. Semecnebis moTxovnileba jer kidev sustia, amitom bavSvs

skolaSi moswons ara swavlis, mecadineobis procesi, aramed moswavlis

rolis Sesruleba, xolo Tu ramdenad warmatebulad asrulebs igi am

rols, amis Sesaxeb informacias mas pedagogi awvdis.

33

bavSvi mTlianad damokidebulia maswavleblis Sefasebaze, swored

xSiri Seqeba iwvevs misi saswavlo saqmianobis motivaciis zrdas.

motivaciuri sferos amgvari struqturis mqone bavSvebi, Tavis

movaleobebs manamde asruleben, sanam maTTvis moswavlis socialuri

pozicia mimzidvelia, magram rogorc ki maTTvis es roli Cveulebrivi

gaxdeba, misTvis moqmedi motivi aRar iqneba maswavleblisagan Seqebis

miReba. amas garda mozardobis asakSi bavSvisaTvis ufrosebis azris

mniSvneloba mkveTrad klebulobs da igi Tavis qcevaSi ZiriTadad

Tanatolebis Sexedulebebze orientirdeba (smirnova 1985 : 28-34). Tu

moswavles am droisaTvis ar Camouyalibda uSualod saswavlo

saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli swavlis motivi, an momavali specialobis

miRebasTan dakavSirebuli swavlebis axali socialuri motivebi, maSin

moswavle warumatebeli gaxdeba. swavlebis socialuri motivebis

Tavdapirvelma dominirebam SeiZelba moswavleSi gamoiwvios mizanze

orientirebuli SemecnebiTi motivaciis formireba. moswavle swavlas

kargad imitom iwyebs rom mas maswavleblisgan Seqebis miReba surs. man

icis, rom codna mas sWirdeba, magram es motivi misTvis jer realurad

qmediTi ki ara, aramed codniTia, radgan mas jer sakmarisi SemecnebiTi

moTxovnileba ar gaaCnia. realurad moqmed motivacias maswavleblisgan

Seqebis damsaxureba warmoadgens. davalebebis kargi niSnis miRebis

mizniT xangrZlivma, keTilsindisierma Sesrulebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios

moswavlis sasawavlo masalis SinaarsiT daintereseba da SemecnebiTi

moTxovnilebis gaCena. amgvarad, mxolod codnadi motivi xdeba

realurad moqmedi, rac iwvevs axali moTxovnilebis gaCenas.

SemecnebiTi motivacis dominireba _ aseT bavSvebs rogorc

cnobismoyvareebs, ise axasiaTeben. maT undaT, rom bevri ram icodnen da

xSirad skolaSi ukve wera-kiTxvis codniT midian. magram Tu ise moxda,

rom gakveTilebi maTTvis uintereso aRmoCnda, maSin maTi interesi sxva

obieqtebze gadaerTveba aseTi bavSvebi klasSi axal masalas ismenen,

magram saxlSi aRar imeoreben. masalis gameoreba iolad yirWdebaT. Tu

aseT bavSvs swavlis socialuri motivi ganuviTarebeli aqvs, maSin mas ar

aqvs survili kargad Seasrulos moswavlis roli, rogorc amas misi

axali socialuri pozicia moiTxovs. xolo Tu bavSvs amasTan erTad

34

miRwevis motivaciac sustad aqvs ganviTarebuli, maSin igi kargad

ganviTarebuli SemecnebiTi unaris miuxedavad, SeiZleba CamorCes

akademiuri moswrebiT. saerTod, pirvel klasSi Zalian bevri davaleba

weriTia, rac bavSvebSi naklebad iwvevs interess. amave dros, werisaTvis

didi Zalisxmevaa saWiro. amitom bavSvebi, romlebSic dominirebs

SemecnebiTi motivebi da naklebad aqvT gamoxatuli swavlebis

socialuri motivebi, SesaZloa ufro naklebad aRmoCndes mzad saskolo

cxovrebisaTvis. (saubaria swavlebis im formasa da reJimze, rac dRes

aris Cvens skolebSi). aseT bavSvebTan pedagogebs muSaoba ufro umZimT,

isini swavlas eZalebian rogorc inteleqtualuri siamovnebis wyaros da

ara rogorc socialurad mniSvnelovan saqmianobas, romelic kargad

unda Seasrulo sakuTari emocionaluri mdgomareobis miuxedavad. aseTi

moswavleebi ar iReben da xSirad ar asruleben maswavleblis mier

micemul davalebebs.

roca saubaria calke aRebuli motivis dominirebaze, ar unda

daviviwyoT, rom Cven amgvarad vqmniT garkveul abstraqtul models,

romelic SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs ukeT gavigoT motivaciis sferoSi ama

Tu im motivis dominireba. magram bunebaSi absoluturi dominireba ar

gvxvdeba. srulyofili saswavlo motivacia unda Seicavdes rogorc

SemecnebiT motivebs, ise swavlis socialur motivs da miRwevis motivebs.

magram TiToeuli bavSvis indvidualoba vlindeba saswavlo saqmianobis

rogorc motivis dominirebaSi. amgvarad, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom

saskolo fsiqologiuri mzaobis Sesaxeb l. boJoviCis SromebSi bavSvis

aqtualuri fsiqikuri ganviTarebis sazomad, romelic aucilebelia

saskolo swavlebis dasawyebad, aucilebel pirobad miCneulia

axalwarmonaqmni _ `moswavlis Sinagani pozicia~. es fsiqologiuri

axalwarmonaqmni aRmocendeba skolamdeli asakis bolos da umcrosi

saskolo asakis mijnaze. es aris bavSvis garemosTan axali

damokidebuleba, romelic miiReba SemecnebiTi moTxovnilebis da

ufrosebTan urTierTobis moTxovnilebis SerwymiT. swored am ori

moTxovnilebis Serwyma aZlevs bavSvs SesaZleblobas CaerTos saswavlo

procesSi rogorc moqmedebis subieqti, rac SesaZlebelobas aZlevs

35

Segnebulad Camoiyalibos da Seasrulos ganzraxva, miaRwios mizans, anu

ganaxorcielos moswavlis nebismieri moqmedeba.

moqmedeba, rogorc saskolo mzaobis komponenti da

motivacia

avtorebi, romlebic ikvlevdnen skolisaTvis fsiqologiur mzaobas,

nebismier moqmedebas aniWebdnen did mniSvnelobas. magram Tu ra donis

nebismieri moqmedeba aris saWiro skolaSi swavlis dasawyebad, es

sakiTxi literaturaSi naklebad aris damuSavebuli. sirTule imaSi

mdgomareobs, rom nebismieri moqmedeba iTvleba umcrosi saskolo asakis

axalwarmonaqmnad, romelic saswavlo procesSi viTardeba, arada sustad

ganviTarebuli nebismieri moqmedeba xels uSlis skolaSi swavlas.

l. boJoviCi Tvlida (boJoviCi 1968 : 132), rom `skolaSi swavlebis

winapiroba aris bavSvis 7 wlisaTvis gaCenili unari, daimorCilos qcevis

da moqmedebis motivebi~. d. elkonini da misi TanamSromlebi warmatebuli

saskolo swavlebis winapirobad miiCnevdnen `bavSvis unarebs, romlebic

aRmocendeba moqmedebis nebismierad regulaciis Sedegad~. es unarebia:

_ wesebisadmi cnobierad damorCilebis unari;

_ mocemul moTxovnaTa sistemaze orientaciis unari;

_ unari, mousminos mosaubres da zustad Seasrulos misi davalebebi;

_ unari, damoukideblad Seasrulos davaleba TvalsaCinod

miwodebuli nimuSis mixedviT;

faqtiurad, mocemuli unarebi asaxaven nebismieri moqmedebis

aqtualuri ganviTarebis dones. mocemuli donis nebismieri moqmedeba

aRmocendeba mxolod garkveul pirobebSi, kerZod Sesabamisi saswavlo

Tu saTamaSo motivaciis SemTxvevaSi. d. elkoninis mosazrebis mixedviT,

`nebismieri moqmedeba yalibdeba jgufur koleqtiur rolur TamaSSi,

romelsac bavSvebi gadahyavs ganviTarebis ufro maRal safexurze, vidre

eulad TamaSs, radgan koleqtivi axdens qcevis koreqcias~.

damoukideblad kontrolis ganxorcieleba bavSvebisaTvis Zalian

rTulia. `kontrolis funqcia Zalian sustia, werda d. elkonini, mas

sWirdeba daxmareba situaciis an TamaSis monawileebis mxridan. amaSi

36

mdgomareobs axlad gaCenili funqciis sisuste ganviTarebis mocemul

etapze, magram TamaSis funqcia swored mis formirebaSi mdgomareobs,

swored amitom aris TamaSi nebismieri moqmedebis skola~ (elkonini 1978 :

304).

moswavlis Sinagani pozicia iqmneba SemecnebiTi moTxovnilebebisa da

ufrosebTan axal doneze urTierTobis survilidan, romelic xorcs

asxams saswavlo motivacias.

saswavlo motivacia moswavles aZlevs SesaZleblobas, Camoayalibos

da Seasrulos ganzraxva, rac safuZvlad udevs nebismieri moqmedebis

meqanizms. e.i. `nebismier moqmedebaze~, rogorc saskolo mzaobis

Semadgenel komponentze calke ki ar unda vilaparakoT, aramed

nebismieri moqmedeba dakavSirebulia motivaciasTan. mocemuli Tezisi

mtkicdeba esqperimentuli gamokvlevebiT.

z. manuilenkom 1948 wels gamoaqveyna naSromi (manuilenko 1948 : 89-

125), romelSic nebismieri moqmedebis eqsperimentul modelad

Seiswavleboda bavSvis mier garkveuli droiT garkveuli pozis

SenarCunebis unari. mowmdeboda, ramden xans SeuZlia bavSvs ar imoZraos

da ar Seicvalos poza.

eqsperimentis msvlelobisas gairkva, rom 3-4 wlis bavSvs ar SeuZlia

akontrolos sakuTari qmedeba. miRebuli Sedegebi mTlianad emTxveoda a.

luries monacems (luria 1946 : 89-101), rom Sublis wili, romelic pasuxs

agebs adamianis mizanmimarTul qcevaze, sabolood 5 wlisaTvis

formirdeba. 4-5 wlis bavSvebi ukve ukeT akontroleben Tavs, magram

kontrolis ganxorcieleba mxolod mxedvelobiTi aRqmiT aris

SesaZlebeli. magaliTad maSin, roca bavSvi xedavs, rom man Secvala

xelis mdebareoba. rac Seexeba proprioceptul aRqmas, misi kontroli

jer kidev ar aris Camoyalibebuli. mocemuli kontrolis forma mxolod

5-6 wlisTvis Cndeba. `kunTuri SegrZneba~ mxolod 5-6 wlisaTvis Cndeba,

magram am asakis bavSvebisaTvis rTulia pozis SenarCuneba. saWiroa

avRniSnoT, rom 5-6 wlis bavSvebi iwyeben garkveuli xerxis gamoyenebas,

rom ar gadaerTon sxva saqmianobaze. isini an Zirs iyurebian, an

eqsperimentators uyureben. mxolod 7 wlisaTvis SeuZliaT bavSvebs

pozis SenarCuneba. es monacemebi srulad emTxveva n. krasnogorskis

37

monacemebs, romelic aRniSnavda, rom mxolod 7 wlidan xorcieldeba

Tavis tvinis qerqis mier Semakavebeli kontroli instiqtebsa da

emocionalur reaqciebze (krasnogorski 1954 : 414-423).

amgvarad, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom 6-7 wlis bavSvs SeuZlia

cnobierad moaxdinos sakuTari qmedebis regulacia da es monacemebi

mtkicdeba neirofiziologiuri da neirofsiqologiuri eqsperimentebiT.

maS ratom xdeba, rom nebismieri moqmedebis susti ganviTareba TiTqmis

pirvel adgilzea pirvelklaselTa swavlebis problemaTa Soris?

mocemul SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad mivmarToT motivaciis

problemebs. imisaTvis, rom cnobierad movaxdinoT qcevis regulacia,

adamians unda hqondes amis survili, an esmodes, Tu risTvis sWirdeba es.

zemoT ukve gvqonda saubari imis Sesaxeb, rom moswavle maSin asrulebs

maswavleblis moTxovnebs, Tu mas amoZravebs swavlis SemecnebiTi an

socialuri motivebi. Tu saswavlo motivi ar aris formirebuli, maSin

moswavles ar SeuZlia saswavlo procesis dros akontrolos sakuTari

qmedeba.

z. manuilenkos kvlevebSi (manuilenko 1948 : 89-125) naCvenebi iqna, rom

bavSvs pozis SenarCuneba gauiolda maSin, roca mas garkveuli roli

unda Seesrulebina. mocemuli gaumjobeseba ar aRiniSneboda 3-4 wlis

bavSvebTan. maT ver moaxerxes verc rolis morgeba da verc TamaSis

wesebis dacva. maSasadame, nebismieri qceva gaumjobesda motivaciis

SecvlasTan erTad, maSin, roca bavSvs TviTon mounda imis Sesruleba,

rasac misgan iTxovdnen. aRniSnuli umcros skolamdelebze ar

vrceldeba. maT jer kidev ar SeuZliaT TamaSis wesebis dacva. mocemul

kvlevebze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom sustad ganviTarebuli

nebismieri moqmedeba gamowveulia an swavlis motivis uqonlobiT, an

fsiqikuri ganviTarebis SeferxebiT, rac TavisTavad iwvevs motivis

arqonas. fsiqikuri ganviTarebis Seferxeba SesaZlebelia dakavSirebuli

iyos tvinis struqturis nel momwifebasTan, romelic pasuxs agebs

mizanmimarTul qmedebaze.

es ukanaskneli damajerebladaa naCvenebi n. l. belopolskaias

SromebSi (belopolskaia 1974 : 15-22, belopolskaia 1976 : 26), romlebic

eZRvneboda motivaciuri sferos kvlevas fsiqikuri ganviTarebis

38

Seferxebis mqone bavSvebSi. mis moqmedebaSi TamaSis Tu swavlis

motivebis dominirebis modelad gamoyenebuli iqna fsiqikuri gajerebis

SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im motivis Seyvana. moqmedebis cvlilebis obieqtur

maCveneblad aRebuli iyo im davalebis Sesrulebis xarisxi da

xangrZlivoba, romelic sakvlevi motivis eqsperimentSi Seyvanamde

bavSvebSi fsiqikur gajerebas iwvevda. eqsperimenti sam etapad tardeboda.

pirvel etapze eZleodaT a. karstenis fsiqikuri gajerebis meTodika

(karsteni 2001 : 251) saeqsperimento davalebaSi bavSvebs unda SeevsoT

wertilebiT furcelze daxatuli rgolebi, roca Cndeboda fsiqikuri

gajerebis niSnebi, iwyebdnen eqsperimentis meore nawils, romelSic

SehyavdaT saswavlo motivi. kerZod bavSvs eubnebodnen, rom Sesrulebuli

samuSaos xarisxi da raodenoba Sefasdeboda saskolo niSniT

(afrTxilebdnen, rom 5-ianis misaRebad unda SeesrulebinaT minimum

samuSaos erTi gverdi). eqsperimentis mesame etapze SehyavdaT TamaSis

motivi. bavSvebs Tavazobdnen wesebiT TamaSs, anu ori monawile unda

Sejibreboda erTmaneTs. gamarjvebulad iTvleboda is monawile,

romelic pirveli Seavsebda erT gverds. eqsperimentis dasasruls

keTdeboda daskvna, Tu romeli motivi iyo ufro Zlieri mocemuli

bavSvisaTvis _ `saswavlo Tu saTamaSo~.

n. belopolskaias (belopolskaia 1974 : 15-22, belopolskaia 1976 : 26)

kvlevebSi naCvenebi iqna, rom 7-8 wlis fsiqikuri ganviTarebis Seferxebis

mqone bavSvebSi TamaSis motivebi swavlis motivs sjobnis. bunebrivia

igive suraTi gveqneboda 6-7 wlis bavSvebTanac, magram ar unda vifiqroT,

rom Tu 6 wlis bavSvTan dominirebs TamaSis motivi, is fsiqikuri

ganviTarebis Seferxebis maCvenebelia. radgan bevri avtoris mier bavSvis

fsiqikuri ganviTarebis periodizaciis Tanaxmad 6 weli ufros

skolamdel asaks miekuTvneba, sadac TamaSi aris wamyvani moqmedeba.

eqvswlianTa swavleba, miuxedavad uamravi arsebuli kvlevebisa, mainc

7 wlis bavSvebis programiT mimdinareobs. iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda,

eqvsi wlis bavSvebisagan viTxovT nebismier moqmedebas, romelic swavlis

motiviTaa ganpirobebuli, magram saqme imaSia, rom umravles SemTxvevaSi

eqvswlianebs ara aqvT formirebuli saswavlo motivacia da maTTan

TamaSis motivebi dominireben. swored amitom, fsiqologebis umravlesoba

39

Tvlis, rom 6 wlianebs unda vaswavloT TamaSSi _ romelic bavSvs

miscems SesaZleblobas ganaxorcielos nebismieri moqmedeba. Tu swavleba

ar eyrdnoba asakisTvis damaxasiTebel motivacias, maSin moswavle ver

axorcielebs nebismier moqmedebas. aqedan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom

pirvelklaselebs sustad aqvT ganviTarebuli nebismieri moqmedeba,

romelic aucilebelia skolaSi swavlebisaTvis.

nebismieri moqmedeba aris motivaciis funqcia, amitom skolaSi

swavlebis upirvelesi amocana bavSvis arsebuli motivaciis formireba an

gamoyenebaa. amitom pirvelklaselebi mzad ar arian skolaSi

swavlisaTvis im tradiciuli formiT, romelic dRes arsebobs skolebSi,

radgan swavlas, romelic ar aris ganmtkicebuli motivaciiT, ar axlavs

nebismieri moqmedeba. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom nebismieri moqmedebis

ganviTarebis gasaRebi bavSvis motivaciur sferoSi unda veZeboT.

nebismieri moqmedeba _ motivaciis funqcia.

impulsuri da nebismieri moqmedeba.

fsiqologiaSi arsebobs nebismieri moqmedebis ramodenime ganmarteba.

Zalian sainteresoa gansazRvra, romelic mocemulia v. ivannikovis wignSi

`nebelobiTi regulaciis fsiqologiuri meqanizmebi~ (ivannikovi 1991 |:

223).

v. ivannikovis mier SemoTavazebul ganmartebaSi Tavmoyrilia mocemuli

fenomenis yvela ZiriTadi daxasiaTeba. `nebismieri moqmedebis procesi es

aris gacnobierebis procesi, SeZenili axali cxovrebiseuli

mniSvnelobiT da mimarTuli subieqtis mier arCeuli Sedegis

miRwevisaken. procesi, romlis dawyeba, damTavreba, Seferxeba an

cvlileba ganisazRvreba cxovrebiseuli aucileblobiT da ara

iZulebiT~.

nebismieri moqmedebis aucilebel pirobas motivacia warmoadgens.

cxovelebsa da patara bavSvebSi es uSualo motivaciaa, romelic

uSualod motivebSi vlindeba. l. boJoviCi (boJoviCi 1976 : 55-69) Tvlida,

rom `motivacia es aris yvelaferi is, rac adamians ubiZgebs

40

moqmedebisaken. esenia: moTxovnileba, interesebi, gancdebi, survilebi,

afeqti da a.S.~

pirveli nebismieri moZraobebi da Semdeg moqmedebebi impulsuria

(boJoviCi 1972 : 23-30), romlebic uSualod moqmed impulsebs pasuxobs,

magram maSin gaugebaria, impulsuri moqmedeba ratom upirispirdeba

nebismier moqmedebas da nebelobiT qmedebas, xolo impulsuroba _

nebismierobasa da nebelobas.

Tu impulsurobas rogorc naturalur process ise ganvixilavT, xolo

nebismier moqmedebas da nebelobas rogorc procesebs, romlebic Cndebian

mas Semdeg, rac adamiani iwyebs sakuTari motivaciis marTvas, maSin erTis

mxriv impulsurobasa da meores mxriv nebismiersa da nebelobas Soris

ufskruli qreba. impulsuroba, rogorc qcevis afeqturi forma,

warmoadgens nebelobis sawyiss process, Tu nebelobas, rogorc umaRles

fsiqikur funqcias, ise gavigebT, anu, romelic naturaluri procesis

gasaSualebis Semdeg warmoiqmneba.

l. vigotskis `mozardis pedologiaSi~ (vigotski 1982 : 6-243)

mohyavs kreCmeris gamonaTqvami imis Sesaxeb rom `primitiuli fsiqikis

dros nebeloba da afeqti `igivuria~, ris Semdeg Semoaqvs termini

`mizanmimarTuli nebeloba~, romelic ukve axlos aris nebelobis,

rogorc umaRlesi fsiqikuri funqciis gagebasTan. `mizanmimarTuli

nebeloba, maRldeba afeqtur sferoze, flobs sakuTar qmedebas, SeuZlia

daisaxos mizani da miaRwios mas, magram miznis dasaxvisa da qcevis

marTvisTvis saWiroa garkveuli winapirobebi, romelTagan mTavari

azrovnebaa. mxolod cnebiTi azrovneba xdis SesaZlebels

mizanmimarTuli nebelobis arsebobas~.

impulsuri qceva aris nebismieri qcevis ganviTarebis safuZveli.

rogorc impulsuri, ise nebismieri qceva imarTeba motivaciiT. impusluri

qmedeba aramdgradi motivaciiT aris ganpirobebuli. pirveli nebismieri

moZraobebi da Semdeg qmedebebi impulsuria da gansazRvrulia uSualod

moqmedi motiviT.

axali STabeWdilebebis moTxovnileba (l. boJoviCis mosazrebiT)

warmoadgens bavSvis fsiqikis ganviTarebis safuZvels da iwvevs

nebismieri moZraobebis ganviTarebas. bavSvTa saxlebSi aRzrdil bavSvebs,

41

romlebsac deprivirebuli aqvT ufrosebTan urTierTobis moTxovnileba,

sustad aqvs ganviTarebuli nebismieri moZraoba da wvrili motorika. es

gamowveulia bavSvis motivaciuri sferos moumwifeblobiT. ganicdis ra

bavSvi dedasTan urTierTobis deficits, romlis dros is Seimecnebs

samyaros, uCndeba axali moTxovnilebebi da interesebi, romelTa

dakmayofileba SeuZlebelia nebismieri moZraobebis gareSe.

motivaciuri sferos ganviTareba nebismieri moqmedebis ganviTarebis

safuZvelia. skolamdel asakSi nebismier moqmedebas aqvs uSualo xasiaTi,

radgan mimarTulia uSualo survilebis dakmayofilebisaken. (survilebi

gagebulia, rogorc moTxovnilebebi, interesebi). yoveli axali survili

maSinve unda iqnas dakmayofilebuli, swored amitom, patara bavSvis

qcevas aqvs situaciuri xasiaTi da SegviZlia davaxasiaToT, rogorc

impulsuri, romelic xorcieldeba sqemiT ~impulsi - reaqcia~. magram am

dros impulsuri qceva ar unda ganvixiloT rogorc uneblie, vinaidan is

calkeuli nebismieri moqmedebebisagan Sedgeba, magram misi specifika

mdgomareobs imaSi, rom nebismieri moqmedeba xdeba im momentSi, roca

Cndeba axali survilis aRmZvreli gamRizianebeli. impulsuri qcevis

mizezi mdgomareobs survilebis dabal intensivobaSi, romlis

dakmayofilebisken aris mimarTuli nebismieri moqmedeba da Tavis tvinis

qerqovani damuxruWebis procesebis sisusteSi. amis gamo ar warmoiqmneba

konkretuli survilis dominanta, romelic, sxva axali survilebis

warmoqmnas SeaCerebs, manam, sanam dominanturi survilebi ar iqneba

dakmayofilebuli. amitomaa impulsuri qceva damaxasiaTebeli

skolamdeli asakisaTvis, manam, sanam Tavis tvinis qerqovani damuxruWebis

procesebi ar aris sakmaod ganviTarebuli. zemoT ukve iyo gamoyenebuli

miTiTeba n. krasnogorskis kvlevebze (krasnogorski 1954 : 414-423),

romlebiTac dasturdeba, rom Semakavebel funqcias Tavis tvinis qerqi

iZens mxolod 7 wlidan.

impulsuroba aucilebelia bavSvisTvis sicocxlis pirveli 6-7 wlis

ganmavlobaSi, radgan motivebis umdgradobis wyalobiT bavSvi advilad

gadaerTveba erTi sagnidan meoreze axali STabeWdilebebis misaRebad da

yovelive es iwvevs mis ganviTarebas. axali STabeWdilebebis

moTxovnileba ganviTarebis mamoZravebeli Zalaa (belopolskaia 1974 : 15-

42

22). rodesac 7 wlis Semdeg bavSvis ganviTareba damokidebulia imaze, Tu

ramdenad kargad SeuZlia bavSvs yurdaRebis koncentracia didi xnis

ganmavlobaSi erT obieqtze (saganze), Cndeba nebismieri moqmedeba.

(bavSvebma unda daisaxon mizani, miiRon ganzraxva). es yovelive exmareba

bavSvs erT motivze yuradRebis koncentrirebaSi. anu, miznis dasaxva da

ganzraxvis miReba – es aris saSualeba, romlis daxmarebiTac adamiani

sjabnis impulsur qmedebebs da aRar gadaerTveba motividan motivze.

amgvarad, nebismieri moqmedeba gaSualebuli impulsuri qmedebaa.

patara bavSvis impulusuroba imiT aixsneba, rom bavSvebs jer kidev ar

aqvT saTanadod Camoyalibebuli motivi, romelic maT qmedebas

gansazRvravs. bavSvis impulsuri qmedebis fsiqologiuri mizezi misi

motivaciuri sferos sust ganivTarebaSi mdgomareobs. rodesac bavSvs

uCndeba motivebi, romliTac SeuZlia nebismieri survilebis damuxruWeba,

maSinve impulsuroba adgils uTmobs nebismier moqmedebas. gamoTqmuli

mosazreba dasturdeba situaciur-rolur TamaSSi bavSvis naklebi

impulsurobiT, maSin roca survili da moTxovnileba Cveulebriv

cxovrebasTan SedarebiT did Zalas iCens. roluri TamaSi warmoiqmneba

daZabuli, Zlieri moTxovnilebebis gamo, romlis dakmayofileba bavSvs

ar SeuZlia Cveulebriv cxovrebaSi da SesaZlebelia roluri TamaSis

dros. amis gamo, ufrosi skolamdelebis rolur TamaSSi impulusri

qceva meore planzea gadasuli, radgan TamaSis moqmedeba mTlianad

mimarTulia konkretuli, Zlieri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebaze. es

momenti Zalian mniSvnelovania, radgan nebismieri moqmedeba Cndeba maSin,

roca subieqts raRac Zalian unda. warumatebuli moswavlis SemTxvevaSi

_ misi qceva saswavlo situaciaSi nebismieri gaxdeba mxolod maSin,

roca es misi survili gaxdeba da xels Seuwyobs misi arsebuli

moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas.

saWiroa aRiniSnos, rom nebismieri moqmedebis arqona saswavlo

procesSi sulac ar niSnavs zogadad mocemuli funqciis arqonas. Tu

bavSvs moSivdeba, maSin misi qceva maSinve gaxdeba nebismieri, radgan misi

Zlieri moTxovnileba miscems biZgs nebismier moqmedebas. xolo Tu

moswavles ara aqvs arc SemecnebiTi moTxovnileba da arc swavlis

socialuri motivebi, sustad aqvs ganviTarebuli miRwevis motivacia, anu

43

ar gaaCnia araviTari motivi, romelic xels uwyobs swavlaSi nebismieri

moqmedebis gaCenas, am motivebis gaCenamde ar gaCndeba nebismieri

moqmedeba swavlaSi, vinaidan mas ar sWirdeba swavlaSi dadebiTi

Sedegebis miRweva. gamodis, rom saswavlo motivacia da nebismieri

moqmedeba swavlaSi erTmaneTTan mWidro kavSirSia. sanam bavSvs ar

gauCndeba saswavlo motivacia, an Tundac misi erT-erTi mkveTrad

gamosaxuli komponenti, adgili ar eqneba swavlebaSi nebismier

moqmedebas.

nebelobiTi qceva

bavSvis motivaciur sferoSi axali motivebis gaCena mocemuli sferos

ganviTarebas niSnavs. garda imisa, rom es motivebi arsebiTi xdeba da

SeuZliaT gansazRvron moswavlis qceva saswavlo situaciaSi, maT unda

gadaaWarbon Zlier, uSualod moqmed, situaciur motivebs, romlebic

gaaCniaT am moswavleebs da xels uSlis maT swavlaSi. e.i. unda moxdes

ara marto motivaciuri sferos ganviTareba misi axali motivebiT

gamdidrebis meSveobiT, aramed unda moxdes masSi arsebuli motivebis

ierarqiis Secvla, ris Sedegad dominanturi gaxdeba axali motivebi,

romlebic gansazRvravs bavSvis Semdgom qcevas, vinaidan dominanturi

motivebi gansazRvraven adamianis pirovnebis mimarTulobas.

`pirovnebis mimarTuloba damokidebulia dominanturi motivis

Sinaarssa da wyobaze. s. rubinSteini (rubinSteini 1992 : 722) saubrobda

ra pirovnebis mimarTulobaze, am fenomens akavSirebda mocemul

dominantur moTxovnilebebTan, interesebTan, idealebTan, magram vinaidan

moTxovnilebebic, interesebic da idealebic l. boJoviCis azriT

warmoadgenen adamianis qcevis motivebs. amitom, rogorc Cans, saubari

erTi da igive movlenas exeba. dominanturi SeiZleba is motivebi gaxdes,

romlebic gansakuTrebiT faseulia adamianisaTvis, anu is motivebi,

romlebic dakavSirebulia pirovnebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan

moTxovnilebebTan.

Tu saswavlo motivacia gamomdinareobs bavSvis motivaciuri sferos

dominanturi moTxovnilebebidan da motivebidan, an azrobrivad iqneba

44

maTTan dakavSirebuli, maSin am SemTxvevaSi ukve SesaZlebelia

vilaparakoT nebelobiT qcevaze. es niSnavs, rom subieqts ukve SeuZlia

Seasrulos misTvis nakleb mimzidveli moqmedeba (anu uSualo motivaciis

arsebobis gareSe), Tu mas esmis ramdenad saWiro da mniSvnelovania igi

misTvis. mniSvnelovneba da saWiroeba SeiZleba interpretirebul iqnas,

rogorc azrobrivi kavSiri uSualod naklebmimzidvel moqmedebasa

(mizani) da dominantur motivebs Soris adamianis motivaciur ierarqiaSi.

`rac ufro mdidaria~ adamianis motivaciur-azrobrivi sfero, miT ufro

advilad uerTdeba mas mocemuli moqmedeba, xolo motivebis rac ufro

did ricxvs Seesabameba potenciurad moqmedeba, miT ufro advilad da

siamovnebiT sruldeba igi~ (ivannikovi 1991 : 223). v. ivannikovis

naSromidan Cans, rom saubaria ara adamianis motivaciuri sferos

nebismier motivze, aramed mdgrad dominantur motivze, Tanac azrobrivi

kavSiri maT Soris nebismieria.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, n. gutkina (gutkina 1993 : 208) ganixilavs

nebelobiT qcevas, rogorc nebismier moqmedebas, romelic

ganpirobebulia adamianis motivaciur sferoSi gansakuTrebiT

mniSvnelovani mdgradi dominanturi motivebiT. faqtiurad, nebelobiTi

qceva pirovnebis mimarTulobis gamosaxvaa qceviT doneze, anu

nebelobiTi qceva SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rogorc nebismieri moqmedeba,

romelic mimarTulia gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani survilis

dasakmayofileblad. aqve unda avRniSnoT, rom vinaidan survili SeiZleba

Sinaarsis mixedviT gansxvavebuli iyos, amitom nebelobiTi qceva

SeiZleba iyos, rogorc zneobrivi, ise arazneobrivi. imisaTvis, rom

bavSvma ganaxorcielos nebismieri moqmedeba, mas unda hqondes Zlieri

dominanturi motivi, romelsac n. gutkina `pirovnul interess uwodebs~.

mocemuli fsiqologiuri fenomenis dadastureba mravladaa

fiziologebis SromebSi. a. uxtomski aRwers daZabuli moTxovnilebis

fsiqologiur mdgomareobas, rogorc Tavis tvinis qerqSi dominantis

keris, anu agznebis iseTi keris warmoSobas, romelic TiTqosda Tavisken

`gadmoiwevs~ da akumulirebas ukeTebs sxva nervul centrebSi

warmoqmnil nervul agznebas. a. uxtomskis `dominantis principi nervuli

centrebis muSaobaSi~ kargad Tavsebadia i. seCenovis da i. pavlovis

45

ideebTan organizmis moqmedebis mTliani xasiaTis Sesaxeb. am mecnierebma

fiziologiur doneze aCvenes, rom nebismieri amocanis gadaWraSi,

romelic organizmis winaSe dgas, monawileobas Rebulobs mTeli

organizmi, rogorc erTi mTliani. garedan wamosuli yvela zemoqmedeba

am amocanis gadaWras eqvemdebareba. maT mier gamowveuli agzneba

mTlianad mobilizdeba mis Sesrulebaze. Tavis tvinis qerqSi arsebuli

dominanta moqmedebis garkveul veqtors qmnis~.

am koncefciis damuSavebis da dominantis warmoqmnis da daSlis

kanonzmierebebis axsniT a. uxtomskim miuTiTa sxvadasxva fsiqologiur

movlenebis asaxsnelad am principis farTo gamoyenebis SesaZleblobaze

dawyebuli yuradRebis gamoCenidan da damTavrebuli pirovnebis mdgradi

cxovrebiseuli ganwyobiT (vigotski 1982 : 362-465).

amgvarad, TviT fiziologiur donezec ki cnobilia im mosazrebis

dadastureba, rom SesaZlebelia arsebobdes rTuli qceviTi aqti,

romelic Sedgeba mTeli rigi uSualod arasasurveli qmedebebisagan,

romlebic maTi saerTo mizniT SemaerTebeli qmedebis gaSualebiT iZleva

agznebis gamomwvev motivacias. pirovnebis sakmaod Zlierad gamoxatuli

mimarTulobis SemTxvevaSi, romelic ganisazRvreba motivaciur

ierarqiaSi mdgradi dominanturi motivebiT, adamians ZiriTadad

yovelgvari Zalisxmevis gareSe SeuZlia gaakeTos gadawyvetileba im

qmedebis sasargeblod, romelic mis pirovnul interess Seesabameba. `Tu

Cven SemovitanT cnebas `pirovnuli interesi~ maSin SesaZlebelia misi

gamoyeneba nebelobiTi qcevis ganmartebisaTvis, kerZod, nebelobiTi qceva

pirovnuli interesiT ganpirobebuli nebismieri qcevaa~ e.i. nebelobiTi

qcevis specifika es aris pirovnul doneze nebismieri qceva. nebelobiTi

qcevis analogiur ganmartebas iZleva v. ivannikovic `nebelobiTi

regulacia procesebis nebismieri regulaciis nawilia da adamianis

qmedebebs, ufro sworad nebismieri regulaciis erT-erT dones,

pirovnuli daintereseba warmoadgens (ivannikovi 1991 : 223). nebelobiTi

qceva SeiZleba iyos uSualo an gaSualebuli. meore SemTxvevaSi

saboloo miznis miRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod mTeli rigi Sualeduri

miznebis miRwevis Sedegad, romelTagan TiToeuls adamianisaTvis

damoukidebeli mimzidveli Zala ara aqvs, aramed gaSualebulia saboloo

46

mizanTan. ufro zustad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gaSualeba xdeba axali

azriT, romelsac Sualeduri mizani SeiZens im motivTa azrobrivi

kavSiris damyarebisas, romelic mTel qmedebas ganapirobebs. Tumca

amgvari gaSualebis Semdeg mTeli qmedeba erTiani azriT imsWvaleba.

im SemTxvevaSi, roca ori erTnairi Zalis motivi moqmedebs, saWiro

xdeba azrobrivi aqti, raTa ganisazRvros am motivebis ierarqiebi

pirovnul interesebTan SedarebiT (dominanturi motivi ierarqiul

motivebSi). Tanabrad moqmedi motivebidan is motivi, romelic pirovnul

interesebs Seesabameba, gadasZalavs meores da momavalSi subieqtis

qcevas gansazRvravs.

azrovnebis momenti erT-erTi motivis gaZlierebis mizniT mis

pirovnul interesTan dakavSirebis gziT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas

rogorc nebelobiTi qceva. Sedegad, gamarjvebuli motivi gaSualebuli

iqneba motivaciur ierarqiaSi dominantur motivTan dakavSirebis xarjze

da SeiZens axal azrs, romelic imis sawindari iqneba, rom qceva

momavalSi ganisazRvreba gamarjvebuli motiviT. erT-erTi motivis

`gadawonvis~ procesi SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, Tu adamians gaaCnia

Zlieri pirovnuli interesi, romelic erT-erT motivs ZiriTadad aqcevs.

Tu adamians motivaciur sferoSi ar gaaCnia motivebis mkafio ierarqia,

xolo pirovnuli interesi saerTod ar gaaCnia an Zalze sustad aqvs

gamoxatuli, maSin es yvelaferi vlindeba mis unebisyofo qcevaSi.

amgvarad, adamianis Zlieri an susti nebeloba ganisazRvreba misi

motivaciuri sferos ganviTarebiT. kargad ganviTarebuli motivaciuri

sferos SemTxvevaSi, adamians pirovnuli interesis mdgradi

dominanturobiT eqneba Zlieri nebeloba, xolo sustad ganviTarebuli

motivaciuri sferos da pirovneuli interesebis arqonis SemTxvevaSi _

susti nebeloba. rogorc Cans, ufro swori iqneba vilaparakoT ara

nebelobiT qcevaze, aramed nebelobiT aqtze, rodesac Tanabrad moqmedi

motivebidan erT-erTi gaSualebulia pirovnebis motivaciuri ierarqiis

dominanturi motivebiT. amis Semdeg xorcieldeba nebelobiTi qceva

miznis dasaxviT, ganzraxvis formirebiT da a.S.

erT-erTi motivis `gadawonva~ xdeba motivebis brZolis subieqturi

aRqmis da sakuTari Tavis iZulebis gareSe. l. boJoviCis, l. slavinas, t.

47

endovickaias (boJoviCi 1976 : 55-69) SromebSi miTiTebulia aseTi tipis

nebelobiTi aqtis Sesaxeb. avtorebi Tvlian `aseTi SesaZlebelia maSin,

roca adamiani xelmZRvanelobs ontogenetikuri ganviTarebis procesSi

warmoqmnili umaRlesi zneobrivi grZnobebiT, idealebiT, romlebic

mTlianad gansazRvraven mis cxovrebas. am dros nebelobiTi qceva

xorcieldeba Zalisxmevis subieqturi gancdis gareSe. amas garda,

statiaSi aRniSnulia, rom `Tu nebelobiTi qceva xorcieldeba motivebis

konkurenciis Sedegad, rasac Tan axlavs sakuTari Tavis iZuleba, es

damaxasiaTebelia adamianisaTvis, romelsac ar gaaCnia Zlieri nebeloba.

motivebis dapirispireba xdeba maSin, rodesac erTmaneTs ejaxeba

motivi, dakavSirebuli Zlieri situaciuri moTxovnilebis

dakmayofilebasTan da motivi, romelic pirovnul interess ukavSirdeba.

mocemuli konfliqtis gadaWra SesaZlebelia moxdes ganzraxvis

daxmarebiT, romelime motivis sasargeblod. ganzraxvis miReba

xorcieldeba moqmedebis Sinagani gaSlili gegmis Sesabamisad, romelic

SesaZleblobas iZleva inteleqtualurad da emocionalurad

warmovidginoT movlenebis SesaZlo Sedegi, romlis Semdeg adamiani

Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas, imoqmedos naklebad mimzidveli, magram misi

TvalsazrisiT ufro maRali faseulobis motivis sasargeblod.

subieqtis motivaciuri sferos gardaqmnas Tan axlavs nebelobiTi

Zalisxmevis gancda. ganzraxvis miRebis mocemuli meqanizmi dawvrilebiT

Seswavlili da aRwerili aqvs l. boJoviCs da mis TanamSromlebs

(boJoviCi 1976 : 55-69, boJoviCi 1979 : 96).

zemoT moyvanili msjelobis Sejerebis Sedegad SeiZleba davaskvnaT,

rom impulsuri da nebelobiTi qceva nebismieri qcevis ori polusia.

impulsuri qceva uSualoa, aRiZvreba uSualod moqmedi umdgradi,

swrafad cvladi motivebiT. nebelobiTi qceva Zalze gaSualebuli,

mdgradi dominanturi motivebiT ganpirobebuli qcevaa, romelic

pirovnul interess gamosaxavs.

nebismieri da nebelobiTi qceva dakavSirebulia adamianis mier

sakuTari motivaciis da qcevis dauflebsa da marTvasTan, rac

SesaZlebeli xdeba mis mier iseTi fsiqologiuri xerxebis gamoyenebiT,

48

rogorebicaa miznis dasaxva da gadawyvetilebis miReba. amitom, ganzraxva

da mizani ki ar iwveven, aramed organizebas ukeTeben qmedebas.

ganzraxvis maorganizebeli funqcia.

nebelobiTi aqtis meqanizmSi aucilebeli momentia ganzraxvis miReba

adamianis uintereso saqmianobis Sesasruleblad, magram ganzraxvis

funqcia sxvadasxva mkvlevarebTan sxvadasxvagvaradaa gagebuli. s.

rubinSteinis mixedviT, `rodesac miznis ganxorcieleba adamianisgan

moiTxovs met-naklebad rTul qmedebebs, an gadawyvetilebis miReba

garTulebulia da garkveuli mizezis gamo unda gadaidos, ganzraxva

aseT SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovani momentia~ (rubinSteini 1992 : 722). s.

rubinSteinTan ganzraxvas rTuli qmedebebis Sesrulebis dros

maorganizebeli funqcia akisria.

l. boJoviCisa da misi TanamSromlebis, l. slavinas da t. endovickaias

SromebSi (boJoviCi 1976 : 55-69, boJoviCi 1979 : 96). ganzraxvas miniWebuli

aqvs mamoZravebeli moqmedebis Zala da am mosazrebamde avtorebi

eqsperimentis Sedegad mividnen. gansakuTrebiT saintereso l. slavinas

kvlevaa (slavina 1972 : 24-51), romelSic avtori eqsperimentis gziT

cdilobs aCvenos, rom bavSvisaTvis ufrosis mier dasaxul mizans da

bavSvis mier miRebul ganzraxvas mamoZravebeli Zala aqvs.

eqsperimentSi pirvelklasel bavSvebs unda gaegrZelebinaT muSaoba

(daesvaT wertilebi wreebSi) fsiqikuri gajerebis pirobebSi (a. karstenis

meTodika) (karsteni 2001 : 251). eqsperimenti mosamzadebeli da kritikuli

nawilebisgan Sedgeboda. mosamzadebel etapze sacdel pirebs eZleoda

naxevrad Tavisufali instruqcia, romlis Tanaxmad ufrosi bavSvs

Txovda Zalian mniSvnelovani saqmisTvis rac SeiZleba met wreSi

wertilebis dasmas. amis Semdeg eqsperimentatori aRniSnavda, rom

mniSvnelovani saqmisaTvis marTla aucilebelia rac SeiZleba bevri

wertilis dasma, magram bavSvs SeuZlia imdeni wertilis dasma, ramdensac

is moisurvebs. eqsperimentis mimdinareobis dros bavSvis win uamravi

furcelia. mosamzadebel periodSi, romelic ramodenime dRe

grZeldeboda, bavSvebs mkveTrad gamoxatuli uaryofiTi damokidebuleba

49

uCndebodaT Sesasrulebeli samuSaos mimarT da mis Sewyvetas

cdilobdnen. esqperimentis kritikuli nawili meore dResve iwyeboda, anu

maSinve, roca bavSvebi, fsiqikuri gajerebis gamo, uars ambobdnen

samuSaos Sesrulebaze. amjerad bavSvebs sTavazobdnen instruqcias,

romlis Tanaxmad ar iyo gansazRvruli eqsperimentuli masalis

raodenoba. bavSvebs samuSaos win aCvenebdnen Sesasrulebeli samuSaos

zust moculobas, anu sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ufrosebi bavSvebs

usvamdnen garkveul amocanebs da Semdeg amowmebdnen, uaryofiTi

damokidebulebis miuxedavad, SeZlebda Tu ara dasaxuli mizani

yofiliyo moqmedebis motivi. kvlevis Sedegebma gvaCvena, rom SezRuduli

miznis dasaxva mkveTrad cvlis bavSvis muSaobis xasiaTs. is bevrad

organizebuli da mowesrigebuli xdeba. miznis dasaxvam mkveTrad

Seamcira pauzebis da mocdenebis raodenoba amas garda gaqra wreSi

wertilebis dasmis mouwesrigebeli variaciebi, romlebic damaxasiaTebe-

lia fsiqikuri gajerebisaTvis. aseve Seicvala bavSvis muSaobis dros

emocionaluri foni. rogor aixsneba bavSvis moqmedebaze SezRuduli

miznis gavlena? l. slavinas mosazrebiT saqme miznis mamotivirebel,

moqmedebis aRmZvrel ZalaSia, iqneba es garedan dasaxuli mizani, Tu

TviTon subieqtis mier miRebuli ganzraxva ubiZgebs adamians Seasrulos

misTvis arc Tu sasiamovno saqmianoba. amis Semdeg avtori aanalizebs

erTi mxriv motivebs, romlebic bavSvs ubiZgebs moqmedebisaken da meores

mxriv samuSaos Sewyvetisaken.

bunebrivia, rom zemoTmoyvanili eqsperimentis dros bavSvebs

saerTod ar surdaT wreebSi wertilebis dasma. aqedan gamodis mosazreba,

rom bavSvebi imitom asruleben maTze dakisrebul samuSaos, rom maT

surT ufrosis Txovnis Sesruleba. surT monawileoba miiRon

mniSvnelovan saqmeebSi, ar surT iyvnen sxva bavSvebze uaresebi, surT

aCvenon, risi gakeTebis unari aqvT da a.S.

magram samuSaos moculobis zrdasTan erTad, mocemuli motivebis

mamoZravebeli Zala TandaTan klebulobs, radgan Cndeba fsiqikuri

gajereba da negatiuri damokidebuleba mocemuli samuSaos mimarT.

aRmocendeba konfliqti bavSvis survilsa (daanebos samuSaos Tavi

fsiqikuri gajerebis gamo) da mis moTxovnilebas Soris, imuSaos

50

zemoTCamoTvlili mosazrebebis gamo. mocemuli problemis arseboba

vlindeba samuSaos moculobis Semcirebasa da pauzebsa da variaciebSi,

agreTve bavSvis emocionaluri qcevis xasiaTSi (boJoviCi 1976 : 55-69).

samuSaos Sewyveta niSnavs erTi moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas meores

sazianod, rasac Tan emocionaluri diskomforti axlavs. amitom sanam

samuSaos Tavs mianebeben, bavSvebi Cumad sxedan da ar uyureben ufross.

samuSaoze uaris Tqma maTTvis ioli ar aris.

magram roca ufrosi usaxavs maT mizans, Seasrulon garkveuli

raodenobis samuSao, es mocemul situaciaSi bavSvisaTvis gamosavals

warmoadgens.

miznis arseboba aZlevs bavSvs SesaZleblobas daikmayofilos orive

moTxovnileba: 1) Seasrulos samuSao da 2) daamTavros mobezrebuli

saqme. radgan kmayofildeba orive moTxovnileba, amitom bavSvis dadebiTi

emocionaluri foni aisaxeba samuSaoze. l. slavina askvnis, rom bavSvis

win dasaxuli mizani, garkveuli raodenobis samuSaos Sesrulebis saxiT,

marTalia sulac ar aris bavSvisTvis saintereso, magram mainc xdeba

mamoZravebeli Zala, radgan mizani agvarebs konfliqts or

urTierTsawinaaRmdego moTxovnilebas Soris da xasiaTdeba dadebiTi

emocionaluri elferiT. swored am dadebiTi emociisken swrafva aZlevs

bavSvs SesaZleblobas gadalaxos uaryofiTi damokidebuleba mocemuli

samuSaos mimarT da daZlios samuSaosaTvis Tavis danebebis survili.

aqedan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom miznis miRwevisken swrafvaSi

warmoqmnili motivacia sinamdvileSi gaSualebulia dadebiTi

emocionaluri elferiT.

magram aris ki mizani mamoZravebeli Zala? n. gutkinas azriT

(gutkina 1993 : 208), ganzraxvis formirebas maorganizebeli funqcia

akisria. zemoT moyvanili kvlevis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom

ganzraxvis Camoyalibeba xels uwyobs nebismier moqmedebasa da motivebs

Soris konfliqtis mogvarebas mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is moaxerxebs

moqmedebis organizacias, xolo es moqmedeba adamianis dominantur

motivs unda Seesabamebodes.

zemoT ukve aRniSnuli iyo, rom l. boJoviCis SromebSi aris miniSneba

imis Taobaze, rom `WeSmariti nebelobiTi qceva xorcieldeba

51

adamianisaTvis mniSvnelovani moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad da amis gamo

ar saWiroebs Tavisi gamovlinebisaTvis specialur rTul fsiqologiur

meqanizms~.

n. gutkinas mosazrebis Tanaxmad, piraduli interesebiT ganpirobebuli

adamianis nebelobiTi qcevis, rogorc nebismieri qcevis gageba ar

ewinaaRmdegeba nebelobis ganmartebas k. levinis moqmedebis dinamiuri

Teoriis mixedviT.

nebelobiTi da savele qceva k. levinis

Teoriis mixedviT.

mocemuli Teoriis Tanaxmad (levini 2001 : 119, zeigarniki 1981 : 117)

adamianis cxovreba erTgvar `fsiqologiur velSi~ mimdinareobs. masze

misi garemomcveli sagnebi mimzidvel an ganmzidvel zegavlenas axdenen

imisda mixedviT, Tu ra moTxovnileba aqvs maTze adamians mocemul

konkretul momentSi. Aamitom, k. levinis TeoriaSi saubaria ara cal-

calke subieqtsa da mis fizikur garemocvaze, aramed individis

`cxovrebiseul sivrceze~. `cxovrebiseul sivrceSi~ SeiZleba CarTuli

iyos ara marto fizikuri obieqtebi, aramed socialuri faqtorebic,

romlebic moqmedeben adamianze, magram yovelive es subieqtis mier unda

aRiqmebodes, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, rac ar aRiqmeba individis mier, is

ver Seva mis `cxovrebiseul sivrceSi~. imisda mixedviT, Tu

`cxovrebiseuli sivrceSi~ rogori damokidebuleba aqvs adamians sagnebis

mimarT k. levins Semoaqvs cnebebi _ nebelobiTi da savele qceva.

nebelobiTi qceva vlindeba maSin, rodesac adamiani daZlevs `velSi~

arsebul Zalas, xolo savele qceva maSin – roca adamiani velis

zegavlenis qveS eqceva.

arsebobs `savele qcevis~ ori tipi.

pirveli _ adamians TviTon aqvs garkveuli moTxovnileba da

mizanmimarTulad reagirebs `cxovrebiseul sivrceSi~ arsebul sagnebze.

meore tips _ `savele qcevas~ axasiaTebs is, rom ar arsebobs kavSiri

adamianis moTxovnilebasa da mis situaciur qcevas Soris.

52

k. levinis TeoriaSi nebelobiTi qceva ganxilulia, rogorc im Zalis

daZleva, romelic aqvT `fsiqologiur velSi~ sxvadasxva sagnebs. n.

gutkinas mosazrebis Tanaxmad, nebelobiTi qceva unda ganvixiloT,

rogorc ara mxolod Zaladobrivi procesi, aramed, rogorc dominanturi

moTxovnilebis arseboba, romlis drosac adamiani veRar amCnevs sxva

gamRizianeblidan momdinare impulss. xolo Tu adamians ar aqvs Zlieri

moTxovnileba, romlis gansaxorcielebladac is iRwvis, maSin mis qcevas

impulsuri xasiaTi aqvs, rasac k. levini savele qcevas uwodebs. n.

gutkina Tvlis (gutkina 1993 : 208), rom mocemuli Teoriis

gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebelia avxsnaT zogierTi pirvelklaselis

warumateblobis mizani.

misi azriT `im pirvelklaselebs, romlebic ar arian mzad saskolo

swavlebisaTvis, axasiaTebT ara nebismieri moqmedebis sisuste da qcevis

cnobieri marTvis uunaroba, aramed susti nebisyofa, rac motivaciuri

sferos moumwifeblobiTaa gamowveuli. patara bavSvs ar SeuZlia

cnobierad Seasrulos is, rac ar ainteresebs da ar unda, magram rogorc

ki moqmedeba gaxdeba misTvis saintereso, maSinve SeuZlia sakuTari qcevis

marTva.

sainteresoa aseve zogierT pirvelklaselTan nebismieri yuradRebis

da nebismieri mexsierebis sisuste, magram mocemul SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu

saqme ar gvaqvs mexsierebis da yuradRebis paTologiur darRvevasTan,

mizezi nebismieri moqmedebis sisusteSi ar unda veZioT, aramed nebismieri

procesebis sust ganviTarebaSi. rogorc ki bavSvebSi gamoviwvevT

interess, nebismieri mexsierebisa da yuradRebis problemebi aRar

vlindeba.

nebismieri anu umaRlesi fsiqikuri procesebi, l. vigotskis mixedviT

(vigotski 1983 : 126) gaSualebuli da ara naturaluri procesia. uneblie

yuradReba aris yuradReba, gamowveuli obieqtis mier Cveni nebis gareSe,

xolo uneblie mexsiereba _ raimes damaxsovrebaa Cveni nebis gareSe. sul

sxva procesia, rodesac adamiani cnobierad axdens koncentracias an

imaxsovrebs rames. aq ukve gaSualebuli procesi erTveba.

bavSvebSi mexsiereba da yuradRebis ganviTareba swored interesis

gaRvivebiTaa SesaZlebeli.

53

t. ribos SromebSi nebismieri yuradRebis ganviTarebaSi

mniSvnelovani roli Sromas eniWeba. Tu adamianisTvis mniSvnelovania

misi Sromis Sedegi, mas uCndeba yuradRebis marTvis Zlieri motivacia,

rac fsiqikuri funqciis cnobierad marTvis unarze aisaxeba. l. vigotski

fsiqikis kulturul-istoriuli ganviTarebis koncefciaSi saubrobs

yuradRebis nebismieri marTvis Sesaxeb.

ontogenezSi nebismieri yuradReba ar imeorebs Tavisi ganviTarebis

gzas filogenezSi, magram aqac, l. vigotskis azriT `nebismieri

yuradReba egueba socialur cxovrebas~ (vigotski 1983 : 126). rogorc

filogenezSi, ise ontogenezSi nebismieri yuradRebis ganviTareba xels

uwyobs adamianis moTxovnilebas, miaRwios saukeTeso Sedegs misTvis

mniSvnelovani saqmis Sesrulebisas.

nebismieri moqmedebis, rogorc motivaciis funqciis gageba

gulisxmobs, rom pirvelklaselTa warumateblobis mizezi aris ara

nebelobiTi sferos susti ganviTareba, aramed motivaciuri sferos

moumwifebloba.

mocemuli Sexedulebani warmoadgens fsiqologiis rusuli skolis

damokidebulebas pirvelklaselTa saskolo mzaobis Sesaxeb.

54

Tavi II. eqsperimenti da miRebuli Sedegebis gansja. (sidorenko 2000 :

349, yvavilaSvili 1990 : 461)

2.1. eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli meTodikebis aRwera

Cveni kvlevis mizani iyo saskolo swavlebis mimarT moswavleTa

fsiqologiuri mzadobis da pirvelklaselTa individualuri

Taviseburebebis kvleva.

SevecadeT pasuxi gagveca SekiTxvebze:

1) arian Tu ara mzad Cveni pirvelklaselebi mzad skolaSi

saswavleblad rogorc inteleqtualebi, ise pirovnuli TvalsazrisiT;

2) SenarCunebulia Tu ara disharmonia skolis inteleqtualuri

mzaobisa da socialur-pirovnul mzaobas Soris

3) rogoria im moswavleta akademiuri moswreba, romlebic I klasSi

ar iyvnen mzad rogorc inteleqtualuri, ise pirovnuli TvalsazrisiT;

4) rogori suraTia 5 wlianebTan sasakolo mzaobis kuTxiT;

miRebul suraTze dayrdnobiT gadawyvetili gvqonda

ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis dagegmva, romelic mimarTuli iqneboda

arsebuli umwifari bunebis ganviTarebidan, raTa Tavidan agvecilebina

moswavleTa saskolo dezedaptacia.

Cveni kvlevis miznebis gansazRvrisas daveyrdeniT mcire SerCevaze

Cvens mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebze. kvlevebi exeboda moswavleta

akademiur moswrebaze rogorc asakobrivi sxvaobis, iase inteleqtualuri

mzaobis gavlenis sakiTxebs.

CamovayalibeT kvlevis hipoTezebi:

1) gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi ganaTlebis sistemaSi gatarebuli

reformis Sedegad skolaSi swavlis dawyebis 7 wlis asaki 1 wliT iqna

daweuli. 7 wlis bavSvebis fsiqikur Taviseburebebze gaTvlili programa

meqanikurad iqna gadatanili 6 wlian bavSvebze, radgan dRes

saqarTvelos skolebSi Rebuloben yvela 6 wlis da im 5 wlis bavSvebs,

romelTan 6 weli 1 ianvramde SeusruldebaT. davuSvaT hipoTeza, rom

pirvelklaselTa garkveuli nawili ar unda iyos mzad saskolo

cxovrebisaTvis (gansakuTrebiT 5 wlianebi);

55

2) Tanamedrove teqnikuri epoqis bavSvebs bevrad meti informacia

moepovebaT, vidre maT Tanatols 20-30 wlis win, radgan Tanamedrove

skolamdelebi dRis umetes nawils binaSi, televizoris da kompiuteris

win atareben, amitom davuSvaT mcire hipoTeza, rom Tanamedrove

pirvelklaselis socialur-pirovnuli ganaTlebis done unda

CamorCebodes maT inteleqtualuri ganaTlebis dones.

3) skolisaTvis fsiqologiuri moumwifebloba moswavleTa

akademiur moswrebaze unda axdendes gavlenas.

4) pirvelklaselTa moumwifebeli fsiqikuri funqciebis gamovlenis

Semdeg Cvens mier Sedgenili, mizanmimarTuli ganviTarebuli programis

gamoyenebam unda gamoiwvios mocemuli funqciis ganviTareba.

5) mocemuli funqciebis ganviTarebam moswavleTa akademiuri

moswrebis gaumjobeseba unda gamoiwvios.

zemoTmoyvanil Teoriebze dayrdnobiT inteleqtualuri mzaobis

kvlevis meTodiT gamoviyeneT germaneli fsiqologis g. viclakis testi

(vitclaki 1986 : 27-35), romelic adgens 5,5-7 wlis bavSvebis unars

saskolo swavlebisadmi da gonebrivi ganviTarebis dones. socialur-

pirovnuli mzaobis sakvlevad ki n. gutkinas (gutkina 1993 : 208) mier

SemuSavebuli programa “6-7 wlis bavSvebis fsiqologiuri mzaobis

dadgena”.

g. vitclakis testi 15 subtestisagan Sedgeba da saSualebas iZleva

vikvlioT Semdegi sferoebi:

1) swavlebadoba;

2) metyvelebis ganviTarebis done;

3) zogadi gaTviTcnobiereba;

4) raodenobrivi simravliT operirebis unari;

5) formebis codna da maTi gansxvaveba;

6) feris da formis diferenciaciis unari;

7) faqriTa da pastiT muSaobis unari, mcire sivrceSi orientacia;

8) saganTa klasifikacia, azrovnebis ganviTareba;

9) mexsireba.

testi Sedgeba Semdegi subtestebisagan:

1) Tanmimdevruli suraTebi:

56

mocemuli subtesti Sedgeba 2 seriisagan. TiToeuli Seicavs 3

naxats.

pirvel seriaSi siuJeti “koSkis ageba” gamoiyeneba Sesaval

davalebad. ufrosi TviTon, Tanmimdevrulad alagebs bavSvis win

suraTebs da uyveba istorias. Semdeg ufrosi suraTebs iRebs da bavSvs

sTxovs gaimeoros mokled rac moismina. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ufross

SeuZlia dasvas mimaxvedrebeli SekiTxvebi.

istoriis aRdgenis xarisxis miuxedavad eqsperimentatori kidev

erTxel ayalibebs azrs.

meore seria ukve ZiriTadi davalebaa.

bavSvis win eqsperimentatori debs 3 naxats da sTxovs Seadginos

ambavi. ufrosi bavSvs aRar exmareba. davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg

eqsperimentatori iRebs naxatebs da sTxovs mokled gaimeoros mokled

wamrodgenili siuJeti.

davalebis Sesruleba Semdegnairad fasdeba. 7 qula iwereba im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu bavSvma kargad gadmogvca samive suraTis azri, yuradReba

gaamaxvila siuJetis arsze. 5 qula – bavSvma kargad gadmogvca azri,

magram arsebiT da meorexarisxovan detalebze erTnairad gaamaxvila

yuradReba. 3 – qula – bavSvma SesZlo azris gadmocema mxolod 2

suraTSi. reziumeSi ZiriTadi yuradReba meore xarisxovan detalebze

gaamaxvila. 2 – qula – bavSvma ver monaxa azrobrivi kavSri suraTebs

Soris, isini erTmaneTisgan cal-calke aRwera. 0 – qula – saerTod ver

Seadgina moTxroba.

2) ferebis codna

bavSvis win deben 12 fers da sTxoven mas dasaxelebas. davaleba

Semdegnairad fasdeba.

TiToeul sworad dasaxelebul ferze bavSvi 1 qula Rebulobs

3) oTxstrofiani leqsis daswavla

bavSvs eqsperimentatori sTxovs leqsis daswavlas, raTa saxlSi

dedas an bebias waukiTxos.

Tavdapirvelad ufrosi kiTxulobs 4 struqonian leqss mTlianad,

xolo Semdeg iwyeba daswavlis procesi. daswavlis procesi 3

nawilisagan Sedgeba.

57

pirvelad eqsperimentatori ukiTxavs mxolod 2 striqons da sTxovs

bavSvs mis gameorebas. Tu cdis piri uSvebs Secdomebs misi gameoreba

xdeba maqsimum 3-jer. amis Semdeg gadadian Semdegi 2 striqonis

daswavlaze.

roca leqsis orive nawili daswavlilia, eqsperimentatori ukiTxavs

mTel leqss Tavidan bolmde. Secdomis SemTxvevaSi mxolod 3-jer

umeorebs.

Sefaseba

8 qula _ eniWeba bavSvs, romelic samive nawils sworad aRadgens.

5 qula – Tu leqsSi sityvebi gadaadgilebuli an damatebulia.

3 qula – azri sakuTari sityvebiTaa gadmocemuli.

2 qula - calkeuli fragmentebi SenarCunebulia, magram maT Soris

azrobrivi kavSiri darRveulia.

0 qula – Tu bavSvi saerTod ver imeorebs leqss.

4) “sagnebis codna”

bavSvis win eqsperimentatori debs 9 naxats, romelzec xilis,

bostneulis, yvavilebis gamosaxulebebia. cdis pirma unda daasaxelos

TiToeuli maTgani. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu cdis piri ambobs “es yvavilia”,

eqsperimentatori sTxovs daazustos Tu romeli.

Sefaseba – TiToeuli swori pasuxi 1 quliT fasdeba

5) Tvlis procesi.

subieqtis masalad igivea. bavSvs eqsperimentatori sTxovs

daiTvalos Tu ramdeni sagania mis win.

Tu bavSvi ver scems pasuxs eqsperimentatori isev umeorebs: “Tavidan

daiwye!”.

davaleba Semdegnairad fasdeba:

5 qula – Tvla motoruli komponentebis gareSe;

4 qula – Cumi Tvla mxolod tuCebis moZraobiT;

3 qula – Tvla CurCuliTa da Tavis qneviT;

2 qula – TiTiT Tvla, ise rom TiTi sagnebs ar exeba

1 qula – cdis piri TiTiT exeba naxats;

0 qula – uari davalebis Sesrulebaze

6) Tvlis Tanmimdevrobis codna:

58

Tu bavSvma Seasrula me-5 davaleba, eqsperimentatori eubneba:

daiTvale, sadamdec SegiZlia, 22-is Semdeg awyvetinebs.

qulad iTvleba is maqsimaluri cifri, romlamdec SeZlo bavSvma

daTvla.

7) “saganTa klasifikacia”

subtestis masalad kvlav xilis, bostneulis, yvavilebis

gamosaxulebebi gamoiyeneba. emateba 3 kalaTa.

bavSvs vTxovT, zeda kalaTaSi moaTavsos xili, Sua kalaTaSi _

bostneuli, xolo ukanasknel kalaTaSi yvavilebi.

TiToeul sworad klasificirebul saganze 1 qula emateba.

mocemuli subtestis maqsimaluri Sefaseba 3 qulaa.

8) “raodenobis aRqma”

masala – igive da erTi Tabaxis furceli.

me-7 davalebis sworad Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi bavSvis win

mocemulia xiliT, bostneuliTa da yvavilebiT savse sami kalaTa.

qveda kalaTas (yvavilebians) eqsperimentatori afarebs furcels da

ekiTxeba: miTxari ramdeni xili da bostneulia Cvens win?

Tu Tvlis dros bavSvi uSvebs Secdomas, eqsperimentatori 2-jer

aZlevs SesaZleblobas sworad daiTvalos mis win warmodgenili

naxatebi.

Tu cdis piri iTvlis mxolod xils, an mxolod bostneuls, maSin

eqsperimentatori kalaTebis gareSe awyobs maT bavSvis win da isev

sTxovs daTvlas. Tu bavSvi ver axerxebs, xils da bostneuls erTad

awyobs da ise sTxovs daTvlas.

amis Semdeg igive proceduris Catarebas sTxovs ukve yvavilebiani

kalaTis mimarT.

Sefaseba. 3 quliT fasdeba davalebis pirveli nawilis Sesruleba

Secdomis gareSe da 3 quliT meore nawilis Sesruleba, anu davalebis

sworad Sesrulebis maqsimaluri qulaa – 6. TiToeul daxmarebaze cdis

pirs TiTo qula akldeba.

9) figuraTa formebis codna da klasifikacia

masala – 9 geometriuli figura: 3 wre, 3 samkuTxedi da 3

oTxkuTxedi da erTi furceli samkuTxedis, oTxkuTxedisa da wris

59

gamosaxulebiT. Tavidan eqsperimentatori amowmebs, icis Tu ara bavSvma

mocemuli figurebi, Tu ar icis, maSin eqsperimentatori TviTon

usaxelebs. Semdeg eqsperimentatori sTxovs bavSvs auxsnas, Tu ratom

hqvia samkuTxeds samkuTxedi, oTxkuTxeds – oTxkuTxedi. amis Semdeg

aurevs mis win dawyobil figurebs da sTxovs, daawyos erTnairi

figurebi erTad.

Sefaseba: davalebis TiToeuli nawili cal-calke fasdeba.

I etapi – TiToeul sworad dasaxelebul figuraze iwereba 1 qula,

mocemuli davalebis maqsimaluri qulaa – 3.

II etapi – TiToeuli sworad mocemul ganmartebaze iwereba 1 qula.

III etapi – TiToeuli sworad klasificirebuli erTobliobaze iwereba 1

qula.

10) naxatebis Sedareba.

eqsperimentis masala naxatebis 4 wyvilisagan Sedgeba. naxatebis

TiToeuli wyvili TiTqmis identuria. maT Soris mxolod ramodenime

gansxvavebaa. bavSvs sTxoven ipovos es gansxvavebebi.

Sefaseba:

2 qula – swori gadawyvetileba daxmarebis gareSe

1 qula – swori gadawyvetileba eqsperimentatoris daxmarebis

SemTxvevaSi.

0 qula Tu bavSvma saerTod ver Seasrula davaleba.

11) leqsis aRdgena.

eqsperimentatori sTxovs cdis pirs gaixsenos leqsi, romelic me-3

davalebaSi iswavla.

Tu cdis pirs saerTod ar gaaxsenda leqsi, misi daswavla me-3

davalebis analogiurad mimdinareobs.

12) feris da formis deferenciaciis unari.

eqsperimentis masala – garkveuli feris dausrulebeli figurebi.

bavSvs eqsperimentatori sTxovs mocemul marTkuTxeds mouZebnos

nakluli detalebi. davalebis sworad Sesrulebisas bavSvma unda

gaitvaliswinoT 2 niSani – feri da forma.

subtestSi cdis pirs 4 davaleba eZleva. TiToeul sworad

Sesrulebul davalebaze 1 qula iwereba.

60

13) analogiebis povna.

bavSvs eZleva garkveuli mtkicebulebebi, xolo Semdeg

eqsperimentatori usvams SekiTxvas, romelzedac pasuxi, mxolod

analogiuri mtkicebulebis CamoyalibebiTaa SesaZlebeli.

mag: Citi galobs, ZaRli?

- limoni mJavea, Saqari?

davaleba 6 SekiTxvisagan Sedgeba

TiToeuli sworad gacemuli pasuxi 1 quliT fasdeba.

14) gadaxatva.

cdis pirs gadasaxatad eZleva 2 figura (samkuTxedi da jvari) da 2

ornamenti.

bavSvma figurebi rac SeiZleba meti sizustiT unda gadaxatos.

6 qula – naxati gavs, forma da proporciebi nimuSis msgavsia.

3 qula – naxati gavs, magram adgili aqvs mcire damaxinjebas.

2 qula – ZiriTadi forma gaurkvevelia, magram zogi detaliT mainc

gavs nimuSs.

0 qula naxati saerTod ar gavs nimuSs.

mocemul davalebaSi maqsimaluri Sefaseba 24 qulaa

15) suraTis aRwera.

cdis pirs eZleva naxati, romelSic unda aRweros. Sefasebisas 4

aspeqtis gaTvaliswineba xdeba:

1) metyvelebis unari (borZikobs Tu gamarTulad metyvelebs)

2) winadadebebis wyobis;

3) artikulaciis;

4) fantaziis unaris;

Sefaseba I aspeqtis SemTxvevaSi

2 qula – bavSvi gamarTulad metyvelebs, borZikis gareSe

1 qula –gamarTulad metyvelebs, magram pauzebiT

0 qula borZikiT metyvelebs.

Sefaseba II aspeqtis SemTxvevaSi:

8 qula – bavSvi iyenebs kargad struqturirebul, rTul

winadadebebs, iyenebs kavSirebs.

6 qula – bavSvi iyenebs rTul winadadebebs, magram stereotipuls

61

erT kavSirs;

4 – bavSvi mxolod martiv winadadebebs iyenebs

1 – bavSvi arasruli winadadebebiT metyvelebs

III aspeqtis “artikulaciis” Sefaseba:

2 qula – Tu bavSvi mkafiod gamoTqvams bgerebs;

1 qula – bgerebs aramkafiod gamoTqvams.

IV aspeqti “fantazia” fasdeba 1 quliT.

mocemulma testma saSualeba mogvca gvekvlia pirvelklaselTa

inteleqtualuri mzaoba. testi Cvens mier iqna standartizirebuli.

movaxdineT g. viclakis testis “skolaSi swavlebis unaris”

standartizacia. kvleva CavatareT Tbilisis aTi skolis 211 moswavleze

asakiT, 5 w da 8 Tvidan 7 wlamde.

mocemuli testis saboloo Sedegi subtestSi miRebuli qulebis

jamia.

miviReT, rom m=92, S=12

90 qula miiRo 31 moswavlem. mocemuli jgufis z = - 0,17

92 qula miiRo 40 moswavlem, mocemuli jgufis z = 0,0





90 92 99 102

108 117

- 0,17 0 0,6 0,8

1,3 2,0

Zalian dabali dabali kargi saukeTeso

gamoikveTa bavSvebis 4 jgufi:

90 – 92 qulas Seesabameba bavSvTa jgufi, romelTac testSi Zalian

dabali maCvenebeli miiRes.

62

99 _ 102 qulas Seesabameba bavSvTa jgufi, romelTac testSi dabali

maCvenebeli miiRes.

108 _ qulas Seesabameba bavSvTa jgufi, romelTac testSi kargi

maCveneblebi miiRes.

117 _ qulas Seesabameba bavSvTa jgufi, romelTac testSi saukeTeso

maCvenebeli miiRes.

mocemuli testis adaptacia ruseTSi moaxdines t. dosmaevam da a.

lidersma (burlaCuki 1993 : 203). miRebuli qulebis jami lidersis

normatiuli cxrilebis meSveobiT procentebSi gadadis. miRebuli

Sedegi aris bavSvis gonebrivi ganviTarebis donis da misi

inteleqtualuri mzaobis maCvenebeli. gaSualebul normad lidersis

mixedviT iTvleba 96,5 qula, anu 60%. Cven ki 90-dan 102 qulamde

mivakuTvneT dabal maCvenebels, xolo 108-dan 117 qulamde Zalian maRal

maCvenebels. bavSvebi, romlebic iReben 90-dan 102 qulamde ar arian

inteleqtualurad mzad skolisaTvis, xolo bavSvebi, romlebic iReben

108-dan 117 qulamde mzad arian inteleqtualurd skolisaTvis.

g. vitclakma mocemuli testi Semdgomi ganmaviTarebeli samuSaoebis

dagegmvis mizniT SeimuSava. is Tvlida, rom fsiqodiagnostikuri

samuSaos mizani ara gonebrivi ganviTarebis donis koeficientis

gansazRvraa, aramed bavSvis Sesaxeb fsiqologiuri informaciis miReba,

romelzedac dayrdnobiT SegviZlia davgegmoT pedagogiuri samuSao,

romelic ganviTarebis stimulacias moaxdens.

amitom zogierTi avtori am tests sadiagnostiko-sakoreqcio

programasac uwodebs.

magram radgan saskolo mzaoba socialur-pirovnul mzaobasac

moiazrebs, daveyrdeniT l. vigotskis mosazrebas, rom bavSvi im

SemTxvevaSi aris mzad skolisaTvis, Tu mas aqvs formirebuli saswavlo

motivacia (SemecnebiTi socialuri) SeuZlia moqmedebis nebismieri

regulacia, romelic mWidrodaa motivaciur sferosTan dakavSirebuli.

Seswevs Zala miiRos garedan dasaxuli mizani da sasurveli Sedegis

misaRebad moaxdinos ganzraxvis formireba. mocemuli unaris gareSe

moswavle ver SeZlebs nimuSisa da wesebis dacviT muSaobas, rac

aucilebelia I klasSi warmatebuli swavlisaTvis.

63

moswavlis socialur-pirovnuli mzadebis sakvlevad avarCieT n.

gudkinas mier mier SemuSavebuli programa: 6-7 wlis bavSvebis saskolo

mzaobis dadgena, romelic Semdegi meTodikebisagan Sedgeba:

1) meTodika – “zRapari” ikvlevs bavSvis dominantur motivs;

2) meTodika – “TanamSromlobis unaris kvleva”;

3) meTodika – “saxli” – ikvlevs nimuSis mixedviT xelmZRvanelobis

unars;

4) meTodika – “ki da ara ar Tqva” – ikvlevs wesebis mixedviT

muSaobis unars.

I meTodika “zRapari” – ikvlevs bavSvis dominatur motivs:

eqsperimentators bavSvi Sehyavs oTaxSi, sadac magidaze awyvia arc

Tu ise momxibvleli saTamaSoebi. bavSvs sTxoven saTamaSoebis

daTvalierebas. Semdeg eqsperimentatori bavSvs ukiTxavs zRapars. magram

yvelaze saintereso adgilze wyvets zRapris kiTxvas da ekiTxeba cdis

pirs, ra surs, zRapris bolomde mosmena, Tu TamaSi.

bavSvebi gamoxatuli SemecnebiTi interesiT irCeven zRapris

bolomde mosmenas, xolo bavSvebi sustad ganviTarebuli SemecnebiTi

interesiT ki TamaSs.

2) meTodika _ “TanamSromlobis unris kvleva”

mocemuli meTodikis mizania komunikaciis da TanamSromlobis

unaris kvleva.

masala: xelTaTmanis gamosaxuleba da 2 yuTi feradi fanqrebi.

meTodika ori seriisagan Sedgeba kvlevaSi bavSvebis wyvili monawileobs.

I seriis instruqcia: aiReT xelTaTmanis gamosaxuleba da ise

gaaferadeT, rom orive xelTaTmani erTnairi iyos. Tavidan jer

moilaparakeT, Tu rogor ornaments daxatavT an ra ferebs gamoiyenebT.

davalebis Sesasruleblad TiToeuls Tqveni fanqrebi geqnebaT.

II seriis instruqcia: axla axal xelTaTmanebs mogcemT da isev ise

gaaferadeT, rom orive erTnairi iyos. magram amjerad orives fanqrebis 1

erTi yuTi geqnebaT..

imisaTvis, rom davaleba kargad gamogivideT, erTmaneTs unda

aTxovoT fanqrebi.

TanamSromlobis unari Semdegi niSniT fasdeba:

64

1) ramdenad SeZles molaparakeba; rogor moaxerxes gadawyvetilebis

miReba: gamoiyenes darwmuneba, Zaldataneba, molaparakeba.

2) ramdenad akontrolebdnen davalebis Sesrulebis process.

hqondaT Tu ara reaqcia, roca partniorma Tavdapirveli Canafiqri ar

Seasrula.

3) Seafases Tu ara sakuTari da partnioris moqmedeba.

4) exmarebodnen Tu ara erTmaneTs.

Sefaseba:

TanamSromlobis maRali done – bavSvebma SeZles molaparakeba,

miiRes gadawyvetileba, davalebis Sesrulebisas akontrolebdnen

erTmaneTs, Cxubis gareSe iyofdnen fanqrebs.

TanamSromlobis saSualo done – miuxedavad imisa, rom miiRes

gadawyvetileba, aRar gaakontroles erTmaneTi, an mxolod akritikes.

TanamSromlobis dabali done – damoukideblad imuSaves, ar

exmarebodnen erTmaneTs.

III meTodika _ “saxli”.

meTodika warmoadgens davalebas, sadac bavSvma unda gadaxatos

saxlis gamosaxuleba. mocemuli davaleba saSualebas gvaZlevs vikvlioT

bavSvis unari, moqmedebis nebismieri regulaciisa da nebismieri

yuradRebis ganviTarebis done.

masala – saxlis gamosaxuleba.

instruqcia: Sens win devs furceli saxlis gamosaxulebiT da

kalmistari. Seecade furcelze daxato aseTive saxli. Tu SegeSleba, ar

waSalo saSleliT, aramed zemodan daaxate.

Sefaseba – detalebis raodenoba, bavSvi xatavs mexsierebiT, Tu

mudam adarebs nimuSs, ramdenad xSirad gadaerTveba yuradreba sxva

obieqtebze, ramdenad gavs bavSvis naxati nimuSs.

mocemuli davalebis Sesrulebisas yuradReba eqceva Semdeg

Secdomebs: romelime detalis gamorCenas, proporciebis darRvevas.

sivrceSi detalebis araswor mdebareobas xazebis daxrilobas 300 –ze

metad.

maRali done - (Secdomebis gareSe)

saSualo done _ (1 an 2 Secdoma)

65

dabali done _ (3 an meti Secdoma)

IV meTodika _ “ ki da ara ar Tqva” ikvlevs wesis mixedviT

mqmedebis unars.

meTodika wamroadgens TamaSs, romelic bavSvs aZlevs saSualebas

imoqmedos wesebis dacviT. mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba SeuZlebelia

nebismieri yuradRebis, nebismieri mexsierebisa da moqmedebis nebismieri

regulaciis gareSe.

instruqcia: “Cven axla viTamaSebT TamaSs, romlis drosac ar

SeiZleba sityvebis “ki” da “ara” - warmoTqma gaimeore, romeli sityvebi

ar unda warmoTqva (cdis piri imeorebs mocemul sityvebs). axla ki

yuradRebiT iyavi, me Sen dagisvam SekiTxvas, Sen ki ise mipasuxe, rom ar

Tqva sityvebi “ki” da “ara” gasagebia?”

wesis gaTvalisiwnebiT moqmedeba gulisxmobs nebismieri yuradRebis

da nebismieri mexsierebis arsebobas. imisaTvis, rom bavSvma sworad

upasuxos SekiTxvebs, saWiroa mudam axsovdes instruqcia da ar

gaefantos yuradReba. bavSvebma unda akontrolos sakuTari survili

pasuxisas “ki” da “aras” warmoTqmisas da Tan moifiqros pasuxi. am

yvelafris ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia moqmedebis nebismieri

regulaciis gareSe.

Sedegebis damuSaveba xdeba Secdomebis dafiqsirebis gziT.

Secdomad ar iTvleba sityva “diax” an “ho”. dasaSvebia aseve Tu bavSvi

Cumad aris da mxolod aqnevs Tavs.

SekiTxvebi:

1) mogwons skolaSi siaruli?

2) giyvars multfilmebis yureba?

3) Sen biWi xar? (gogona xar?)

4) niangebi dafrinaven?

5) Zma gyavs?

6) zafxulSi civa?

7) Tovli Savia?

8) vaSli giyvars?

Sefaseba: maRali done – 2 Secdoma

saSualo done – 3-5 Secdomamde

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dabali done – 5 da meti Secdoma

rogorc zemoT ukve avRniSneT, Cveni kvlevis miznebis gansazRvrisas

daveyrdeniT Cems mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebs, romelic exeboda,

moswavleTa akademiur moswrebaze asakobrivi sxvaobis da saskolo

mzaobis gavlenas.

rogorc cnobilia, saqarTveloSi skolaSi Rebuloben yvela 6

wlamde bavSvs da maTac visac 6 wli 1 ianvramde SeusruldebaT, anu erT

klasSi xvdebian bavSvebi 5w da 9 Tvidan 7 w CaTvliT.

mocemul asakSi aseTi mcire sxvaobebic ki gavlenas axdens bavSvis

fsiqikis ganviTarebaze. rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, gansxvaveba

mdgomareobs rogorc Tavis tvinis sxvadasxva xarisxis momwifebaSi, ise

araTanabari cxovrebiseul gamocdilebaSi. rogorc e. lublianskaia

aRniSnavs (lublinskaia 1971 : 414) “bavSvebis cxovreba aris dro,

cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis dagrovebis da ufrosTa gamocdilebis

SeTvisebisa, amitomac normalur pirobebSi ufrosi bavSvi patarasTan

SedarebiT meti gamocdilebis dagrovebas da axali Cvevebis dauflebas

moaxerxebs.

amitomac asakobrivi sxvaoba mniSvnelovnad unda aisaxos bavSvis

skolisaTvis mzaobaze da saswavlo warmatebebze.

am mizniT saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi bavSvebs Cavutare testireba

maTi saskolo mzaobis dasadgenad.

gamoviyeneT zemoT naxsenebi g. viclakis testi, romelic adgens

bavSvis unars saskolo swavlebisadmi da gonebrivi ganviTarebis dones.

Cven gvainteresebda gvenaxa, aris Tu ara gansxvaveba saskolo

mzaobis mxriv im bavSvebSi, romelTa Soris asakobrivi sxvaoba 1 welia.

bavSvebi davyaviT asakobriv jgufebad, sam-sami Tvis Sualedebad.

anu erT jgufSi SeviyvaneT ianvarSi, TebervalSi, martSi dabadebuli

bavSvebi.

meore asakobriv jgufSi – aprilSi, maisSi, ivnisSi dabadebulebi.

mesame asakobriv jgufSi – ki ivlisSi, agvistoSi, seqtemberSi

dabadebulebi gavaerTianeT.

meoTxe jgufi moicavda oqtomberSi, noemberSi da dekemberSi

dabadebul bavSvebs.

67

kvleva CavatareT 1999 wlidan, mocemuli kvleva warmoadgenda Cems

sadiplomo Temas.

40 pirvelklaselze, romelTagan 20 iyo gogona, 20 ki vaJi.

miviReT Semdegi monacemebi:

I asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumzadebeli aRmoCnda

moswavleTa 15%, xolo mzad 85%.

II asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumzadebeli aRmoCnda 27%,

xolo mzad 87%.

III asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumwifebeli aRmoCnda 27%,

xolo mzad 73%.

IV asakobriv jgufSi moumwifebeli aRmoCnda 66%, mzad 34%.

amis Semdeg Cvens mier navaraudev sixSireebs SevadareT realuri

sixSireebi da miviReT, rom

I jgufisaTvis X2=3,9 ν=1, amitom p <0,05

II jgufisaTvis X2=4,2; amitom p <0,05

III jgufisaTvis X2=0,9 p <0,05

IV jgufisaTvis X2=4,2; p <0,02

amitom oTxive SemTxvevaSi uarvyaviT nulovani hipoTeza.

Semdeg kvlevaSi pirvelklaselTa mocemuli jgufi davyaviT 6 Tvis

SualediT da SevadareT “didi bavSvebis jgufi” “patara bavSvebis

jgufs”. (X2=22,6; ν =1, amitom p<0,01).

amitom aqac uarvyaviT nulovani hipoTeza.

daskvna: asaki gavlenas axdens saskolo mzaobaze.

Semdeg mocemuli jgufi davyaviT gogonebisa da vaJebis jgufebad:

gogonebis jgufSi Semdegi Sedegebi miviReT:

I asakobriv jgufSi moumwifebeli aRmoCnda gogonebis 25%, xolo

mzad 75%.

II asakobriv jgufSi moumwifebeli aRmoCnda gogonebis 15%, xolo

85% aRmoCnda mzad.

III asakobriv jgufSi moumwifebeli aRmoCnda gogonebis 40%, xolo

mzad 60%.

68

IV asakobriv jgufSi moumwifebeli aRmoCnda gogonebis 45%, xolo

mzad 55%.

am SemTxvevaSic navaraudev sixSireebis realur sixSireebTan

SedarebiT miviReT, rom I asakobrivi jgufisaTvis:

X2=5,7; ν =1 p<0,05

II asakobrivi jgufisaTvis X2=4,7; p<0,05

III asakobriv jgufSi X2=0,28; p<0,05

IV asakobriv jgufSi X2=5,1; p<0,65

amis Semdeg “didi” bavSvebis jgufi SevadareT, “patara” bavSvebis

jgufs: X2=1,5; amitom p<0,65

am SemTxvevaSic uarvyaviT nulovani hipoTeza.

daskvna: gogonebis SemTxvevaSi asakobrivi sxvaobebi gavlenas

axdens saskolo mzaobaze.

vaJebis jgufis monacemebi:

I asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumwifebeli aRmoCnda

moswavleTa 15%, xolo skolisaTvis mzad 85%.

II asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumwifebeli aRmoCnda vaJebis

20%, xolo mzad 80%

III asakobriv jgufSi skolisaTvis moumwifebeli vaJebis 50%

aRmoCnda mzad.

IV asakobriv jgufSi vaJebis 85% aRmoCnda moumwifebeli, xolo

mzad 15%.

“didi bavSvebis” jgufis SedarebiT “patara bavSvebis” jgufTan

miviReT, rom X2=6,2; ν =1 p<0,05

mocemul SemTxvevaSic nulovani hopoTeza uarvyaviT.

daskvna: asakobrivi sxvaoba gavlenas axdens saskolo mzaobaze.

meore klasSi igive bavSvebis kvleva gavagrZeleTniSnebis

sistemaze gadasvlam SesaZlebloba mogvca gvekvlia asakobrivi sxvaobis

gavlena akademiur warmatebebze. saskolo normebis ganmsazRvrelad

aviRoT saSualo moswreba sami sagnis mixedviT (qarTuli, maTematika,

ucxo ena).

miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi:

69

I asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 64%, oTxosani – 26%,

samosani 10%.

II asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 70%, oTxosani 25%, samosani

5%

III asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 27%, oTxosani 46%,

samosani 27%

IV asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda moswavleta 20%, oTxosani

_ 25%, samosani _ 55%.

isev SevadareT “didi bavSvebis jgufi” “patara bavSvebis jgufs” da

miviReT, rom X2=8,5; ν =1, Pp<0,05 amitom II klasSi dafiqsirda

asakobrivi sxvaobebis gavlena saswavlo warmatebebze.

mocemuli kvleva III klasSic gavagrZeleT. miviReT Semdegi

monacemebi.

I asakobriv jgufSi aRmoCnda 64%, oTxosani 25%, samosani mxolod

11%.

II asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 21%, oTxosani 57%, samosani

22%

III asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 45%, oTxosani 27%,

samosani ki 28%.

IV asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 45%, oTxosani 27%,

samosani 28%.

III klasSic fiqsirdeba asakobrivi s xvaobis gavlena akademiur

moswrebaze.

V klasis monacemebia:

I asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani moswavleTa 37% aRmoCnda, oTxosani

40% samosani ki 23%.

II asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 27% oTxosani 55%, samosani

ki 18%.

III asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani aRmoCnda 33%, oTxosani 55% samosani

28%

IV asakobriv jgufSi xuTosani 15% aRmoCnda, oTxosani 70%,

samosani ki 15%

70

“didi bavSvebis” jgufis “patarebTan” Sedarebisas miviReT, rom

X2=0,7, amitom p<0,50

me-5 klasis SemTxvevaSi nulovani hipoTeza ZalaSi davtoveT, anu

asakis zegavlena saskolo warmatebebze aRar dafiqsirda, aseTive Sedegi

miviReT mocemuli jgufis VI klasis kvlevisas.

zemoT moyvanili SedegebiT Cveni hipoTeza dadasturda. asaki

gavlenas axdens saskolo warmatebaze, magram gavlena IV klasis CaTvliT

dafiqsirda.

V klasidan zog SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda SemTxvevebi, rodesac

maRali akademiur moswrebis moswavle samosani xdeba, kargavs

swavlisadmi interess da es zogjer asakobrivi Tvisebebis da zogjer

pirovnuli TvisebebiTaa gamowveuli.

zemoT TqmulTan dakavSirebiT SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom: 1) asaki

mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens saskolo warmatebebze; 2) bavSvebi,

romelTac 6 weli mxolod skolaSi Sesvlis Semdeg SeusruldaT,

Tanaklaselebs CamorCebian akademiur moswrebaSi.

Cvens mier 2001 wels aseve Catarebuli iqna kvleva, romelic

pirvelklaselTa saskolo _ inteleqtualur mzaobas exeboda.

skolisaTvis inteleqtualur mzaobaSi moaizreba yvela im fsiqikuri

funqciis mzaoba, romlebic monawileoben saswavlo procesSi.

Cveni kvlevis mizani iyo Segveswavla situacia:

1) rodesac skolaSi Sesuli bavSvi ar aris mzad inteleqtualurad

skolaSi saswavleblad moumwifdeboda Tu ara saswavlo procesSi

fsiqikuri funqciebi;

2) pirvel klasSi skolisaTvis inteleqtualuri moumwifebloba

xom ar hpovebs asaxvas akademiur moswrebebze Semdeg klasebSi. am mizniT

saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi bavSvebs CavutareT testireba maTi saskolo

inteleqtualuri mzaobis dasadgenad. kvlvis meTodad gamoviyeneT g.

vitclakis testi, romelic adgens bavSvis unars saskolo swavlebisadmi

da gonebrvi ganviTarebis dones. mocemuli kvleva CavatareT 32 bavSvze,

romelTagan 18 iyo gogona, xolo 14 vaJi. maTi asaki icvleboda 5weli da

8 Tvidan 7 weli da erT Tvemde. gamokvleuli bavSvebis 42% ar aRmoCnda

mzad skolisaTvis, xolo 57% inteleqtualurad aRmoCnda mzad.

71

13 moswavles Soris, romlebic mzad ar iyvnen skolisaTvis, 7 iyo

vaJi, xolo 6 gogona. am bavSvebis asaki 5 weli da 8 Tvidan 6 weli da 11

Tvemdea.

skolisaTvis momwifebul bavSvebs Soris (sul 19 bavSvi) 8 iyo vaJi,

xolo 11 gogona. maTi asaki 6 weli da erTi Tvidan 7 weli da erT

Tvemdea.

bavSvebis am jgufs maisis TveSi igive meTodiT CavutareT

testireba. gvainteresebda, Tu Seicvleboda monacemebi 8 Tvis Semdeg.

miviReT, rom r=0,751. calke gamovyaviT skolisaTvis moumwifebeli

moswavleebis jgufi, romelTaTvis miviReT r=0,79.

vinaidan seqtembersa da maisSi Catarebul kvlevis monacemebs Soris

sakmaod maRali korelaciaa, gavakeTeT daskvna, rom saswavlo procesis

miuxedavad fsiqikuri funqciis mdgomareoba ar Secvlila.

Cven movaxdineT skolisaTvis moumwifebeli bavSvebis jgufis

analizi da miviReT, rom 62% gaumjobesebuli aqvs monacemebi im

subtestebSi, romelic ikvlevs raodenobriv simravleebTan operirebis

unars da formebis codnasa da gansxvavebas. danarCen subtestebSi

mdgomareoba ucvlelia.

me-3 klasSi Sefasebis sistemaze gadasvlam SesaZlebloba mogvca

Segveswavla kavSiri skolisaTvis inteleqtualur mzaobasa da saskolo

warmatebas Soris (cxrili #1).

kavSiri inteleqtualur mzaobasa da saskolo warmatebas Soris

cxrili#1

2 3 4 5

abs. % abs. % abs. % abs. %

inteleqt.

moumwif. 0 0 9 28 3 9 1 3

inteleqt.

momwif. 0 0 4 15 5 16 10 31

Cveni hipoTeza SemdgSi mdgomareobda: vinc ari iyo pirvel klasSi

inteleqtualurad skolisaTvis mzad, moumwifebeli iyo maTi fsiqikuri

funqciebi, unda hqonodaT Sefaseba 2 an 3, xolo isini vinc

72

inteleqtualurad mzad iyvnen skolisaTvis – 4 an 5. saskolo warmatebis

ganmsazRvrelad aviReT saSualo moswreba 3 sagnis mixedviT (qarTuli,

maTematika, ucxo ena)

inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli da momwifebuli bavSvebis

Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=4,55; p<0,05 . mocemul jgufebs Soris

gansxvaveba sandoa, xolo r = 0,514.

amiT Cveni hipoTeza dadasturda. bavSvebi, romlebic pirvel klasSi

ar iyvnen mzad inteletualurad skolisaTvis, Semdeg klasebSi

Rebuloben Sefasebas 2 an 3, xolo moswavleebi, romlebic

inteleqtualurad mzad iyvnen skolisaTvis – Sefasebas 4 an 5.

zemoT TqmulTan dakavSirebiT gavakeTeT daskvna: moswavleebs,

romlebis pirvel klasSi saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi ar iyvnen

inteleqtualurad mzad skolisaTvis (ar hqondaT saTanadod

momwifebuli fsiqikuri funqciebi) wlis bolosTvis rCebaT problemebi

SemecnebiT sferoSi, rac maT akademiur moswrebazec aisaxeba.

mocemul kvlevaze dayrdnobiT gadavwyviteT ufro did SerCevaze

gvekvlia pirveklaselTa fsiqologiuri mzaoba skolisaTvis.

kvleva Catarda 244 pirvelklaselze, romelTagan 122 gogonaa, 116

vaJi asaki 5-7 welia. kvlevis Sedegebi damuSavda kompiuteruli

statistikuri programiT SPSS. miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi:

skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli aRmoCnda moswavleTa

38%, xolo momwifebuli 62%

gogonebs Soris skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli

aRmoCnda moswavleTa 34%, xolo inteleqtualurad mzad 66%.

vaJebs Soris inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli aRmoCnda 44%, xolo

inteleqtualurad momwifebuli 56%

5 wlianebs Soris skolisaTvis moumwifebeli aRmoCnda 67%, xolo

33% aRmoCnda skolisaTvis mzad.

6 wlianebs Soris skolisaTvis moumwifebeli 34% aRmoCnda, xolo

66% aRmoCnda inteleqtualurad mzad skolisaTvis.

7 wlianebis 30% aRmoCnda skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad

moumwifebuli, xolo 70% aRmoCnda mzad.

73

5 wlianebis jgufis Sedarebisas 6-7 wlian bavSvebTan miviReT, rom

X2=12,858, p=0,000 (gansxvaveba sandoa).

motivaciuri sferos kvlevisas miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi:

moswavleTa 55% aRmoaCnda dominanturi TamaSis motivi, xolo 55%

dominanturi aRmoCnda swavlis motivi. gogonebs Soris 37% dominanturi

aRmoaCnda TamaSis motivi, xolo 63% swavlis motivi.

vaJebTan 55% daminanturi TamaSis motivi aRmoaCnda, xolo 45%

swavlis motivi.

5 wlianebis jgufSi 65% aRmoCnda dominanturi TamaSis motivi,

xolo 35% swavlis motivi.

6 wlianebis 41% aRmoCnda dominanturi TamaSis motivi, xolo 59%

swavlis motivi.

7 wlianebis 38% aRmoCnda dominanturi TamaSis motivi, xolo 62%

swavlis motivi. (5 da 6, 7 wliani bavSvebis jgufis Sedarebisas miviReT

_ X2 =5,155; p =0,000 (mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa)

“TanamSromlobis unaris kvlevisas miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi:

TanamSromloba ver SeZlo pirvelklaselTa 64%, xolo 36%

davalebas warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi.

gogonebis 57% ver SesZlo TanamSromloba, xolo 43% mocemuli

meTodikas warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi.

vaJebis 70% ver SeZlo TanamSromloba, 30% gaarTva davalebas Tavi.

rac Seexeba asakobriv jgufebs:

5 wlianebis 77% ver SeZlo TanamSromloba mxolod 23% gaarTva

Tavi.

6 wlianebis 61% SeZlo TanamSromloba, xolo 39% ver SeZlo.

7 wlianebis 56% SeZlo TanamSromloba, xolo 44% ver SeZlo.

5 wlianebis 6-7 wlianebTan SedarebiT miviReT, X2=5,629 p <0,02,

amitom, mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.

nebelobiTi sferos kvlevisas, meTodika “saxlis” Sesrulebisas

Semdegi Sedegebi miviReT:

moswavleTa 39% ver SeZlo mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba, xolo

SesZlo 61%.

74

mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba ver SesZlo gogonebis 34%,

Seasrula 66%.

ver Seasrula vaJebis 44%, Seasrula 56%.

asakobriv jgufebSi

5 wlianebis 63% ver SeZlo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba, mxolod

37% SesZlo.

6 wlianebis 33% ver SeZlo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba, xolo

SesZlo 67%.

7 wlianebis 31% ver SeZlo mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba, SesZlo

69%.

5 da 6, 7 wlianebis Sedarebisas miviReT: X2=11,451, p =0,000 mocemul

jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.

meTodika “ki da ra ar Tqvas” Sedegebi:

mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba ver SesZlo pirvelklaselTa 75%

SesZlo mxolod 25%.

gogonebs Soris mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba ver SesZlo

moswavleTa 70%, SesZlo mxolod 30%.

vaJebs Soris mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba ver SeZlo 81% SeZlo

mxolod 19%.

5 wlianebis jgufSi wesebis gaTvaliswineba ver SesZlo moswavleTa

94%, SesZlo mxolod 6%

6 wlianebis jgufSi wesebis ver gaTvaliswina moswavleTa 71%,

wesebid aicva mxolod 29%.

7 wlianebis jgufSi wesebi ver daicva moswavleTa 62%, xolo

daicva mxolod 38% 5 da 6, 7 wlianebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=4,461,

p <0,05. jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa. amiT Cveni pirveli hipoTeza

dadasturda. pirvelklaselTa garkveuli nawili ar aris mzad

skolisaTvis arc inteleqtualuri da arc pirovnuli TvalsazrisiT 5

wlis bavSvebis umravlesoba skolisaTvis moumwifebelia.

amis Semdeg Cven gvainteresebda, SenarCunebulia Tu ara disharmonia

skolisaTvis inteleqtualur mzaobasa da socialur pirovnul mzaobas

Soris. eadgan, S. CxartiSvilis mosazrebiT skolamdeli asakis bavSvebis

75

socialur-pirovnuli ganviTarebis saSualo tempi CamorCeba maTi

inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis saSualo temps.

amisaTvis g. viclakis testis monacemebi SevadareT n. gutkinasmier

SemuSavebuli programis TiToeuli meTodikis monacemebs.

miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi.

I g. vitclakis testis monacemebi SevadareT motivaciuri sferos

kvlevis monacemebs.

miviReT Semdegi Sedegi: maT Soris, vinc inteleqtualurad ar iyo

mzad saskolo swavlebisaTvis 76%-s wamyvani aRmoCnda TamaSis motivi,

xolo 24%-s swavlis motivi maT Soris, vinc inteleqtualurad mzad iyo

saskolo swavlebis, TamaSis motivi dominanturi aRmoaCnda moswavleTa

15% xolo swavlis motivi – 85%-s.

(r =0,607 )

aRmoCnda, rom moswavleTa umravlesobas, vinc inteleqtualurad

mzad iyo saskolo swavlebisaTvis dominanturi swavlis motivi hqonda,

xolo maT, vinc ar iyvnen inteleqtualurad mzad – TamaSis motivi.

amis Semdeg inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebi SevadareT

“TanamSromlobis unaris” kvlevis Sedegebs.

maT Soris, vinc inteleqtualurad ar iyo mzad saskolo

swavlebisas, TanamSromlob ver SesZlo moswavleTa 88%, SeZlo

moswavleTa 12%. xolo maT Soris, vinc inteleqtualurad mzad iyo

saskolo swavlebisas, TanamSromloba ver SeZlo moswavleTa 47%, xolo

SeZlo 53% ( r=0,418, ). amgvarad, mocemul SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda kavSiri

inteleqtualur mzaobasa da TanamSrormlobis unars Soris. es

korelacia zomieria.

inteleqtualur mzaobasa da meTodika “saxlis” monacemebis

Sedarebisas miviReT, rom msmenelTa Soris, romlebic inteleqtualurad

ar iyvnen mzad skolisaTvis, nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba ver SesZles

moswavleTa 80%, SesZles mxolod 20%. inteleqtualurad momwifebul

bavSvebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba ver SeZles moswavleTa 18%-ma

SeZles 82% (r=0,597 p=0,000) mocemul SemTxvevaSic dafiqsirda

karelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da normis mixedviT moqmedebis

unars Soris.

76

da bolos, inteleqtualuri mzaobasa da meTodis `ki da ara ar

Tqva~ Sedarebisas, romelic wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unars iTvlis

miviReT, rom maT Soris vinc inteleqtualurad ar iyo mzad saskolo

swavlebisaTvis 98%-ma ver SesZlo wesebis dacva, xolo SesZlo mxolod

2%-ma.

maT Soris vinc inteelqtualurad mzad iyvnen skolisaTvis 53%-ma

ver SeZlo mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba da SesZlo mxolod 47-ma

procentma. inteleqtualur mzaobasa da wesebis mixedviT momqmedebis

unaris kvlevis Sedarebisas miviReT r=0.483; p=0.000 mocmeul SemTxvevaSic

dafiqsirda korelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da wesebis dacviT

moqmedebis unars Soris.

oTxive SemTxvevaSi korelacia sandoa, amitom SegviZlia davaskvnaT,

rom moswavleebs romelbic inteleqtualurad mzad arian saskolo

swavlebisaTvis wamyvani saswavlo motivi aqvT. SeuZlia TanatolebTan

TanamSromloba, maswavlebis intruqciis gageba, wesebis gaTvaliswineba

da nimuSis mixedviT xelmZRvaneloba. rac Seexeba moswavleebs, romlebic

mzad ar arian saskolo swavlebisaTvis maTTvis wamyvani TamaSis motivia,

maT uWirT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, maswavlebli sinstruqciis

gageba da nimuSiT xelmZRvaneloba.

faqtoruli analizis mTavari komponentebis meTodiT SevadareT g.

vitclakis testis `skolaSi swavlebis unaris~ monacemebi n. gutkinas

diagnostikuri programis `6-7 wlis bavSvebis saskolo swavlebisadmi

mzaobis gansazRvris~ meTodikebis monacemebs.

miviReT, rom mocemul meTodikebs da g. vitclakis testis monacemebs

Soris maRali SeTanxmebulobaa da SegviZlia miviCnioT erT faqtorad.

mocemul faqtors SegviZlia vuwodoT skolisaTvis fsiqologiuri

mzaobis faqtori. SeTanxmebulobas xsnis gafantulobis (dispersiis 58%)

(cxrili #2).

77

skolisaTvis fsiqologiuri mzaobis faqtori

cxrili #2

amis Semdeg kvlav faqtoruli analizis mTavari komponentebis

meTodiT SevadareT d. vitclakis testis monacemebi n. gutkinas

programis meTodikebis monacemebs calke eqsperimentuli jgufisa da

calke sakontrolo jgufisaTvis. eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo

jgufis SigniTac mocemul meTodikebs Soris maRali SeTanxmebuloba

dafiqsirda. mocemuli testis da meTodikebis Sedegebi SegviZlia erT

faqtorad miviCnioT. eqsperimentul jgufSi SeTanxmebulobas sxnis

gafantuloba (disperiis) 54%, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi _ 55% (ix.

cxili #3).

skolisaTvis fsiqologiuri mzaobis faqtori eqsperimentuli

jgufisaTvis cxrili #3

eqsperimentuli jgufi SeTanxmebuloba

inteleqtualuri mzaoba 0.794

dominanturi motivis kvleva 0.784

TanamSromlobis unaris kvleva 0.756

nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvleva 0.763

wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvleva 0.818

parametrebi SeTanxmebuloba






78

skolisaTvis fsiqologiuri mzaobis faqtori sakontrolo

jgufisaTvis cxrili #4

sakontrolo jgufi SeTanxmebuloba






Cveni kvlevis Sedegad ar dafiqsirda disharmonia inteleqtualur

mzaobasa da socialur pirovnul mzaobas Soris.

amrigad: 1. pirvelklaselTa didi nawili aRmoCnda inteleqtualurad

mzad saskolo swavlebisaTvis;

2. pirvelklaselTa umravlesobisTvis domonanturi swavlis motivi

aRmoCnda;

3. pirvelklaselTa umravlesobas uWirs TanamSromloba;

4. nimuSis mixedviT muSoaba SesZlo pirvelklaselTa umtesobam;

5. ufrosis mier miwodebuli instruqciis gageba da gaTvaliswineba

gauWirda pirvelklaselTa umtesobas;

6. xuTwlianebis umravlesoba skolisaTvis socialurad

moumwifebelia, xuTwlianebis umravlesobisaTvis dominanturi

TamaSis motivia, isini ver axerxeben TanamSromlobas, uWirT nimuSis

mixedviT muSaoba da wesebis dacva.

amitom rekomendirebulia skolis pirvelklasSi im bavSvebis miReba,

romlebsac eqvsi weli pirvel seqtembramde SeusruldebaT.

moswavleebi, romlebic inteleqtualurad mzad arian skolisaTvis,

wamyvani saswavlo motivi aqvT SeuZliaT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba,

maswavleblis instruqciis gageba, wesebis gaTvaliswineba da nimuSiT

xelmZRvaneloba.

rac Seexeba moswavleebs, romlebic ar arian inteleqtualurad mzad

skolisaTvis maTvis wamyvani TamaSis motivebia maT uWirT TanamSromloba

TanatolebTan, wesebis dacva da nimuSiT xelmZRvaneloba.

79

mocemul kvlevebze dayrdnobiT Cven gadavwyviteT

pirvlklaselTaTvis SegvemuSavebina damxmare programa ganmaviTarebli

gakveTilebis saxiT. pirvelklaselTa umravlesobas gauWirda wesebis

gaTvalsiwinebiT muSaoba. (wesebis mixedviT muSaobis unari moiazrebs

nebismier yuradRebas, nebismier mexsierebas, moqmedebis nebismier

regulacias) da TanatolebTan TanamSromloba. xolo skolasi swavla

moiTxovs gakveTilis reJimis dacvas, maswavleblis miTiTebis

Sesrulebas da yovelive es TanatolTa wreSi mimdinareobs. amitom

udavoa, rom mocemuli unarebi mniSvnelovania swavlisaTvis. g. viclakis

testis monacemebis analizis Sedegad gamovyaviT is subtestebi,

romlebSic gamokvleuli bavSvebis umravlesobam dabali qulebi miiRo.

gamokvleuli pirvelklaselebis 78%-ma dabali qulebi miiRes im

subtestebSi, romlebic ikvlevs raodenobrivi simboloebiT operirebis

unars (figurebis daSla, martivi ariTmetikuli operaciebi) 55%-ma

dabali Sefaseba im subtestSi miiRo, romlebic nebismier mexsierebas

ikvlevs, xolo 53%-ma dabali qula feris da formis diferenciaciis

unaris sakvlev subteqstSi miiRo (mocemuli davalebis Seruleba

nebismieri yuradRebis da logikuri azrovnebis Sesabamisi donis gareSe

SeuZlebelia). danarCeni subtestebi jgufis umravlesobam kargad

Seasrula.

rodesac calke gamovyaviT skolisaTvis moumwifebeli bavSvebis

jgufi aRmoCnda, rom maTi 90% dabal qulas Rebulobs im subtestSi,

romelic nebismier mexsierebas ikvlevs. 92%-i dabal qulas im

subtestebSi Rebulobs, romelic raodenobrivi simravleebiT operirebis

unaris ikvlevs, xolo 73%-i dabal qulas Rebulobs im subtestebSi,

romlebic ikvlevs formebis diferenciaciis unars da yuradRebas.

moswavleTa 70% dabal qulas im subtestebSi Rebulobs, romelic zogad

gaTvicnobierebas ikvlevs 75% ver axdens operirebas im subtestebSi,

romelic fanqriTa da pastiT muSoabis unars ikvlevs. Tu gavixsenebT,

rom skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli bavSvebTan TamaSis

motivebia, maT uWirT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, nimuSisa da wesebiT

xelmZRvaneloba, amitom maTTvis skolaSi Sesvla mudmivi

warumateblobis dasawyisia. vinaidan skolaSi swavla aucileblad

80

gulisxmobs nebismieri yuradRebis, mexsierebis zogadi gaTvicnobierebis

garkveul dones, wesebis dacvis da TanamSromlobis unaris arsebobas

amitom ganmaviTarebuli gakveTilebis SemuSavebisas miznad davisaxeT

bavSvebisaTvis ara weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis swavleba, aramed

pirvelklaselTa motivaciuri, nebelobiTi, inteleqtualuri sferos

ganviTareba saskolo mzaobis doneze.

vinaidan saqarTveloSi skola ZiriTadad Rebulobs yvela bavSvs,

romelic mas gancxadebiT mimarTavs amitom Cveni gakveTilebi SevitaneT

pirveli klasis programaSi. gankveTilis xargrZlivoba 40 wT. iyo

gakveTils kviraSi orjer vatarebdiT, jgufSi gvyavda 16-16 moswavle,

programaSi gaviTvaliswineT Semdegi principebi:

1. fsiqikuri procesebis ganviTareba unda momxdariyo bavSvis

motivaciuri sferos ganviTarebis da gardaqmnis xarjze.

2. bavSvisaTvis midgoma unda yofiliyo subieqturi?

3. unda yofiliyo gaTvaliswinebuli bavSvis ganviTarebis

aqtualuri done

4. mecadineobebi unda Catarebuli iyo TamaSis saxiT, raTa

monawileebi aqtiurad yofiliyvnen CarTulni (asakobrivi

periodizaciis Teoriis Tanaxmad 5-6 wlis bavSvi skolandel

asaks miekuTvneba, xolo skolamdelisaTvis wamyvani

saqmianoba _ TamSia).

5. bavSvebisadmi damokidebuleba unda yofiliyo

keTilganwyobili da megobruli

6. didi yuradReba unda daTmoboda pirvelklaselis mier

sakuTari samuSaos damoukideblad Sefasebis unars.

mocemuli punqtis dazusteba CavTvaleT saWirod. SefasebaSi ar

igulismxmeba niSani, aramed igulisxmeba Sesrulebuli samuSaos

sityvieri analizi da Sefaseba. mecadineobis sawyis etapze ufrosi TviT

uxsnis bavSvs ra gamovida kargad da ra ara, oRond mocemuli Sefaseba

keTilganwyobili toniT mimdinareobs. Semdeg fsiqologi calkeul

bavSvTan erTad afasebs samuSaos Sedegs, xolo gakveTilebis dros

moswavle TviTn aanalizebs samuSaos Sesrulebis xarisxss. sakuTari

samuSaos Sefasebis unaris ganviTareba xel uwyobs bavSvis

81

TviTkontrolis ganviTarebas. aucilebelia SevCerdeT jgufis

warmmarTveli fsiqologis donezec. is unda iyos jgufis emocionaluri

donori, romelic gauRvivebs bavSvebs interess, SeTavazebuli davalebis

da TamaSobebis mimarT.

Cems mier SemuSavebuli ZiriTadi meTodikebi miznad isaxavda

nebismier moqmedebisa da SemecnebiTi motivebis ganviTarebas, xolo

aqedan mis xarjze sxvadasxva fsiqikuri procesebis (azrovnebis,

mexsierebis, yuradRebis) ganviTarebas zogadad.

saswavlo motivaciis da nebelobis ganviTareba Zalian mniSvnelovania,

radgan es aZlevs SesaZleblobas skolisaTvis moumwifebel bavSvebs

gauRvivdeT muSaobis da raimis swavlis survili.

bavSvi ibadeba axali STabeWdilebebis miRebis surviliT. l.

boJoviCi mocemul survils miiCnevda bavSvis fsiqikis mamoZravebel

Zalad. axali STabeWdilebebis miRebis moTxovnileba _ es Semecnebis

moTxovnilebaa. bazisuria moTxovnileba, romelic yvela adamianisaTvis

aris damaxasiaTebeli, oRond yvelasTan sxvadasxva doziTaa

gamovlenili. gamovlenis doza damokidebulia misi dakmayofilebis

xarisxze. bavSvebs, romlebic bavSvobaSi ar Rebulobdnen ufrosebTan

urTierTobis saWiro dozas, romelic daakmayofilebda da maTi

Semecnebis moTxovnilebis stimulacias moaxdenda, mocemuli

moTxovnileba CanasaxSive rCebaT ganuviTarebeli, magram sruliad ar

ekargebaT.

Cveni ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis ZiriTadi amocana iyo

SemecnebiTi motivaciis, nebelobis formireba, da masze dayrdnobiT

bavSvis SemecnebiTi funqciebis ganviTareba.

ganmaviTarebel meTodikas eqsperimentis saxe aqvs da eyrdnoba

Semdeg mosazrebebs.

1) SemecnebiTi motivaciisa da nebelobis xelovnurad

gansaviTareblad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT situacia, romelSic xdeba

ufrosebTan pozitiuri urTierTobis da axali STabeWdilebebis miRebis

moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba. axali STabeWdilebebis miRebis survili

bazisuri moTxovnilebaa, romelic safuZvlad udevs bavSvis fsiqikis

ganviTarebas. ufrosebTan dadebiTi emocionaluri urTierTobis

82

moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad bavSvebi SemecnebiT aqtivobas

axorcieleben, Semdeg ki dgeba momenti, roca moqmedebis Sedegi (anu

miznis miRweva), ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba bavSvebisaTvis, vidre is

motivi, romelmac maT moqmedebisken ubiZga. am dros xdeba motivis

gadatana mizanze (meqanizmi aRwerilia a. leontievis mier (leontievi

1972 : 554) da axali motivis Seqmna. mocemul SemTxvevaSi axali motivi

SemecnebiTi motivia, radgan moqmedeba (mizani) SemecnebasTanaa

dakavSirebuli.

2) nebismieri moqmedebis ganviTarebasTan erTad aucilebelia

motivaciis arseboba, romelic bavSvs ubiZgebs moqmedebisas miaRwios

dadebiT Sedegs. amgvar motivaciad SeiZleba ufrosTan dadebiTi

emocionaluri urTierToba moviazroT, romlis miRweva mas davalebis

xarisxianad SesrulebiT SeuZlia, xolo davalebis xarisxianad

Sesruleba SesaZlebelia sakuTari Zalebis marTviT, anu sakuTari

impulsurobis daZleviT da nebelobis gamovleniT. aqac nebismieri

moqmedeba stimulirdeba SemecnebiTi motiviT, romelic mas davalebis

warmatebiT Sesrulebisken ubiZgebs.

Cvens mier SemuSavebuli proeqtis zogierTi TamaSi jgufebs Soris

Sejibris saxiT mimdinareobda, mogebas ki Tavisi emociuri elferi

axlavs. mogeba mxolod TamaSis wesebis dacviTaa SesaZlebeli, rac

gulisxmobs nebismieri moqmedebis ganxorcielebas. amgvari TamaSis dros

bavSvis moqmedebac nebismieria: is isaxavs da aRwevs mizans _ aRniSnuli

qceva ki gamarjvebisa da Seqebis surviliTaa gamowveuli. gamarjvebis

survili aTmagia, roca TamaSis saboloo mizani ara gundi, aramed

konkretuli adamianis gamarjvebaa. TamaSSi gamarjvebisas ar viyenebdiT

materialur prizebs, viyenebdiT mxolod emocionalur Seqebas da

milocvas, rogorc fsiqologis, ise bavSvebis mxridan. saWiroa

avRniSnoT, rom Sejibris specialurad Seqmnili garemo TiToeul bavSvs

SesaZleblobas aZlevs ganicados gamarjvebis sixaruli.

gamarjvebis motivi sabolood dakavSirebuli xdeba bavSvis dadebiT

emociebTan da axal STabeWdilebebTan, romlis gancdac mas xelaxla

surs.

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TamaSSi gamarjveba es aris davalebis xarisxianad Sesruleba, xolo

amisaTvis aucilebelia fsiqikuri procesis nebismieri marTvis

ganviTareba, iqneba es aRqma, yuradReba, mexsiereba, azrovneba da sxva.

saWiroa avRniSnoT, rom ZiriTadad viyenebdiT TamaSebs da

davalebebs, romlebic moiazrebs fsiqikuri funqciebis ganviTarebas.

gamarjvebuli xdeba is monawile, romelsac kargad SeuZlia dakvirveba,

daxsomeba, logikuri azrovneba. bavSvi asrulebs davalebebs imisaTvis,

rom gaimarjvos, daikmayofilos Seqebisa da gamarjvebis moTxovnileba.

gamarjvebisas ki mas eqmneba dadebiTi STabeWdileba sakuTar Tavze,

uCndeba sakuTari Zalebis rwmena. faqtiurad xdeba TviTcnobierebisa da

motivaciuri sferos ganviTareba.

TamaSebSi monawileobisas sawyisi motivi Seqebis da axali

STabeWdilebebis miRebis moTxovnilebaa. es iwvevs axali motivebis

formirebas. Cvens SemTxvevaSi axali motivi maSin formirdeba, roca

bavSvi axal STabeWdilebebs iRebs kargad Sesrulebuli samuSaos Semdeg.

Seqebis moTxovnileba adgils uTmobs axali STabeWdilebis miRebis

moTxovnilebas da sabolood xdeba axali moTxovnilebebis, SemecnebiTi

moTxovnilebebis formireba. SemecnebiTi moTxovnileba gamovlenili

davalebis kargad Sesrulebis procesSi, aZlevs bavSvs SesaZleblobas,

ganicados axali STabeWdileba da aimaRlos TviTSefaseba. amgvarad,

Tavdapirvelad bavSvi kargad asrulebs davalebas gamarjvebis survilis

gamo, Semdeg ki Sejibris situacias ekargeba mamoZravebeli Zala da

bavSvisaTvis ukve saintereso xdeba davalebis kargad Sesrulebis

survili. Semdeg ukve davaleba iwvevs moqmedebas. bavSvs uCndeba survili,

rom mosinjos sakuTari Tavi axali davalebis SesrulebaSi: magram am

dros fsiqologi unda iyos bavSvis gverdiT, daexmaros mas da waaqezos,

raTa warumateblobam ar daCrdilos miRebuli Sedegi.

Cven vvaraudobdiT, rom ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis Sedegad

bavSvebs unda ganviTarebodaT Semecnebis, miRwevis, farTo socialuri

motivebi, rac qmnis kidec saswavlo motivacias. mocemuli davalebis

warmatebiT Sesrulebisken swrafvisas bavSvebis fsiqikuri procesebi

unda gamxdariyo nebismieri, rac SesaZleblobas miscemda

pirvelklasels, gamoevlina nebismieri moqmedeba swavlis procesSi.

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magram aq Cndeba kiTxva. rogor moxdeba swavlis procesisaTvis

saWiro nebismieri moqmedebis ganviTareba, roca ganmaviTarebeli

gakveTilebi mxolod TamaSebisagan, saxatavi da da gasafeTradebeli

TamaSobebisagan Sedgeba. magram, mocemuli davalebebis Sesruleba

moiazrebs miznis dasaxvas, miznis miRwevas da sakuTari moqmedebis

kontrols. Cvens mier Sedgenil programaSi SevitaneT Semdegi tipis

TamaSebi:

1) TamaSebi, mimarTuli yuradRebisa da mexsierebis ganviTarebisken;

2) TamaSebi, mimarTuli sivrceSi orientirebis unaris ganviTarebisken;

3) TamaSebi wesebiT;

4) TamaSebi, mimarTuli bavSvebis msxvili da wvrili motorikis

ganviTarebisken;

5) logikuri TamaSebi;

6) TamaSebi, mimarTuli fonemuri smenis ganviTarebisken;

7) TamaSebi, mimarTuli TanamSromlobis unaris ganviTarebisken;

8) TamaSebi, mimarTuli TvalTaxedvis ganviTarebisa da leqsikuri

maragis gamdidrebisken.

aqve saWiroa yuradReba SevaCeroT Cvens mier SemuSavebul

davalebebze, romlebic efuZneba bavSvis survils, miiRos axali

STabeWdilebebi, daikmayofilos cnobismoyvareobis grZnoba, miiRos

ufrosisgan Seqeba.

davalebebis garkveuli nawili (sul 11 davaleba) waarmoadgens d.

elkoninis mier Sedgenili meTodikis “grafikuli karnaxis garTulebul

variants”. ornamentis magivrad bavSvebi xataven cxovelebs, frinvelebs,

adamianis gamosaxulebebs, oRond maT ar ician, Tu ra gamova sabolood.

bavSvebi cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofilebisaTvis axdenen sakuTari

Zalebis aqtivacias. amitom, davaleba romelic pirvelklaselisgan did

Zalisxmevas da moqmedebis nebismier regulacias moiTxovs, misTvis

Zalian saxaliso da sainteresoa. davaleba dadebiTi emocionaluri

muxtiT mimdinareobs.

igive princips emyareba gasaferadebeli meTodikebi (sul 16

davaleba), sadac geometriuli figurebisa da sxvadasxva detalebis

gaferadeba sxvadasxva wesiT xdeba.

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davalebas bolomde da swored Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi ikveTeba

sxvadasxva sagnebis, cxovelebis gamosaxulebebi.

Cvens mier SemuSavebuli me-3 tipis davaleba aris kvlav

gasaferadebeli, oRond aq naxati winaswar mocemulia. naxati sxvadasxva

detalebisagan Sedgeba. detalebSi ki ariTmetikuli operaciebia

Cawerili. furcelze miTiTebulia cifrebi, TiTo cifrs TiTo feri

Seesatyviseba. mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba Semdegi wesiT

mimdinareobs. bavSvma jer unda daiangariSos, Semdeg naxos, Tu ra feri

Seesatyviseba ariTmetikuli operaciis Sedegad miRebul cifrs da

mxolod amis Semdeg Seasrulos davaleba. muSaobisas bavSvs amoZravebs

interesi, Tu rogoria mocemuli naxatis dasrulebuli saxe da

davalebis swored Sesrulebis motivi.

mocemuli davalebebis sworad Sesrulebis SeTxvevaSi bavSvs

Sefasebas Seqebis saxiT vaZlevdiT. rveulSi vuwerdiT sityvas “yoCaR”,

xolo Secdomis SemTxvevaSi “yoCaRis” gverdiT vwerdiT minus niSans, Tan

bavSvTan erTad varCevdiT Secdomebs (gagrZeleba).

_ TamaSs vatarebdiT rogorc Sejibris formiT, ise mis gareSe. didi

mniSvneloba aqvs TamaSebisa da davalebebis Sinaarss, vinaidan maTi

meSveobiT viTardeba bavSvis fsiqikuri funqciebi: azrovneba, mexsiereba,

yuradReba, metyveleba. TamaSebis nawili Cems mier aris Sedgenili,

nawili xalxuri TamaSebia, nawili ki safrangeTis skolebSi danergili

didaqtikuri TamaSebis mixedviTaa Seqmnili (axuaSvili 2000 : 170,

bomoni 1993 : 5-30, loreni 1998 : 10-40, labartyava 2004 : 15)

.

2.2. TamaSebi da davalebebi, romlebsac viyenebT

ganmaviTarebel gakveTilebSi

GganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebi iwyeba martivi wesebiani TamaSiT.

TamaSi ori gundis Sejibris formiT mimdinareobs.

1. mizani: wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris, yuradRebis, mexsierebisa

da moqmedebis nebismieri regulaciis ganviTareba. TamaSis

xangrZlivoba 20-30 wuTia.

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wamyvani sTxovs, rom bavSvebma gaimeoron misi moZraobebi im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu moZraobas Tan axlavs sityva ”mze”.

Tu bavSvebi naklebi interesiT arian TamaSSi CarTuli, wamyvani

xelovnurad romelime gundis gamarjvebis situacias qmnis. aseT

SemTxvevaSi meore gundis wevrebi TamaSis situaciaSi meti interesiT

erTvebian. TandaTan gundis wevrebi iwyeben Tavisi gundis wevrebis

gakontrolebas. imarjvebs is gundi, romelmac naklebi Secdoma dauSva.

gamarjveba wamyvanis mier SeqebiT da milocviT aRiniSneba.

2. mizani: yuradRebis, mexsierebis, sityvieri maragis ganviTareba. TamaSis

xangrZlivoba 15-20 wT.

TamaSi kvlav gundebs Soris Sejibris saxiT mimdinareobs. TamaSis

dawyebamde bavSvebi irCeven wamyvanis mier damzadebul baraTebs,

“mzeebisa” da “varskvlavebis” gamosaxulebebiT. mocemuli aqtivoba

mimarTulia SemTxveviTi SerCevis Seqmnisaken, raTa ar Camoyalibdes

gundi, romelic mudam moigebs da meore mudam wagebuli darCeba.

wamyvani bavSvebs aZlevs Semdeg instruqcias. moismineT Cems mier

wakiTxuli sityvebi da xeli aswieT maSin, rodesac yvavilis

saxelwodebas gaigonebT. wamyvani kiTxulobs daaxloebiT 30 sityvas,

romlis 50% yvavilebis saxelebia. Tu aRmoCnda iseTi saxelwodeba,

romelic bavSvebma ar ician, wamyvani ameorebinebs mocemul sityvas

(SesaZloa anaxos is naxatis saxiT, miawodos mis Sesaxeb informacia).

imarjvebs is gundi, romelmac naklebi Secdoma dauSva.

mocemuli davalebis Sesrulebisas SesaZloa reagireba moaxdinon

Sinaur cxovelze, gareul cxovelze, frinvelze, profesiis aRmniSvnel

sityvebze.

SesaZloa mocemuli davalebis garTuleba: monawileebma xeli

aiwion yvavilis dasaxelebaze, taSi Semohkran cxovelis dasaxelebis

dros.

3. mizani: yuradRebis, mexsierebis, fonetikuri smenis ganviTareba.

TamaSi 2 gundis Sejibris saxiT mimdinareobs. wamyvani ukiTxavs

instruqcias: adeqiT fexze mxolod maSin, rodesac wavikiTxav m-asoze

dawyebul sityvebs. (SesaZloa nebismieri asos gamogoneba), an aiwieT xeli

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maSin, roca amovikiTxav sityvas, romelic aso a-ze mTavrdeba. imarjvebs

is gundi, romelmac naklebi Secdoma dauSva.

4. mizani: TviTprezentaciis unaris, mexsierebis, azrovnebis

ganmaviTarebeli meTodika: (mofiqrebulia Cems mier)

wamyvani dafaze kidebs plakats, romelzec 6 cifri aris dawerili.

TiToeuli davalebis Sesabamisi aqtivoba Seesatyviseba. mocemuli

aqtivobebia: 1) leqsis Tqma; 2) xatva dafaze; 3) askinkila 20-jer; 4) 5

frinvelis dasaxeleba; 5) 5 cxovelis dasaxeleba; 6) magaliTis amoxsna

(an cekvis ileTis Sesruleba, sasacilo istoriis an zRapris moyola).

wamyvani bavSvebidan irCevs erT-erTs, romelic klasTan zurgiT

dgeba. wamyvani miuTiTebs romelime bavSvze da ekiTxeba _ gamoviZaxo?

(bavSvma ar icis, Tu visze xdeba miTiTeba) da ambobs “ki” an “ara”.

Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi asaxelebs cifrs.

gamoZaxebuli bavSvi asrulebs mocemul davalebas. uaris

SemTxvevaSi gamodis msurveli da mis magivrad asrulebs. davalebis

dasrulebis Semdeg klasi taSs ukravs mas. Semdeg es bavSvi dgeba

zurgiT da xdeba sxva bavSvis gamoZaxeba.

Tu zogierTi susti bavSvi Tavidan mxolod askinkilaze

Tanxmdeboda, Semdeg sxva davalebebsac asrulebdnen. imdenad

siamovnebdaT maT aplodismentebi da maswavleblebis Seqeba.

5. mizani nebismieri moqmedebis, yuradRebis koncentraciis unaris

ganviTareba. (TamaSi Cawerilia qarTlSi n. SiSniaSvilis mier).

wamyvani klasis SuagulSi dgams skams, romelzedac jdeba

romelime monawile. niSanze “Tendeba” (wamyvani uCvenebs baraTs “mzis”

gamosaxulebiT”) danarCeni monawileebi baZaven “wiwilebs”. niSanze

“Ramdeba” (wamyvani uCvenebs mTvares). monawileebi Cerdebian im

mdgomareobaSi, romelSic niSanma mouswro. “qori” gamodis budidan da

Tvals adevnebs moTamaSeebs. romeli moTamaSec gainZreva, “qori” mas

iWers da mihyavs budeSi. niSanze “Tendeba” “qori mifrinavs budeSi”.

monawileebi, romlebic moxvdebian “qoris” budeSi, gamotoveben 1 TamaSs.

wamyvani monawileebs ulocavs gamarjvebas.

7. mizani: yuradRebis koncentraciis ganviTareba, jgufis Sekvra, an

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ubralod gantvirTva rTuli davalebis Semdeg. (Cawerilia i.

nonikaSvilis mier)

moTamaSeni oris gamoklebiT, romelTagan erTi Tagvia, meore ki

kata, erTmaneTs xels Cahkideben da wres Semoavleben. Tagvi wreSi Sedis,

kata ki gareT rCeba da dasdevs Tagvs dasaWerad. katas ar aZleven wreSi

Sesvlis nebas, Tagvi ki Tavisuflad moqmedebs. Tu katam wreSi Sesvla

moaxerxa, Tagvi gamorbis gareT meore mxridan, axla wridan aRar uSveben

katas. Tu katam Tagvi daiWira, oriveni uerTdebian wres da axali Tagvi

da kata gamoiyofa.

TamaSis wesebi: 1) wreSi Cabmuli moTamaSeni Tavisuflad atareben xelebs

qveS Tagvs, katas ki akaveben. 2) katas wreSi Sesvla SeuZlia mxolod

moTamaSeTa xelebis qvemodan.

7. mizani: yuradRebis, nebismieri moqmedebis ganviTareba (Cawerilia i.

nonikaSvilis mier).

moTamaSeni akeTeben wres. wreSi dgas wamyvanic. igi maRla aswevs

xelebs da ambobs: “kombosto”. bavSvebmac igive unda gaimeoron, Semdeg

daxris xelebs da ambobs “stafilo” (maRla aweuli, muWad Sekruli xeli

niSnavs kombostos, xolo qvemoT daxrili _ stafilos). wreSi mdgomma

moTamaSeebma unda gaimeoron wamyvanis xelebis moZraoba. is ki cdilobs

SecdomaSi Seiyvanos bavSvebi. am mizniT asaxelebs stafilos, xeliT ki

gamoxatavs kombostos da piriqiT.

wesebi: 1. moTamaSes Secdomad eTvleba, Tu wamyvanze adre gaanZrevs xels

2. moTamaSes, romelic davalebas ar Seasrulebs, TamaSidan gadis.

SeniSvna: am TamaSis variantia _ cxviri, Weri, iataki da a.S.

8. mizani: yuradRebis koncentraciis, nebismieri moqmedebis unaris

ganviTareba.

moTamaSeni qmnian or an sam koncetrirebul wres. pirobiTad

SigniTa wres hqvia “kakali”, xolo gareTA wres “kakabi”. wamyvani wreebs

gareT dgas. wamyvanis niSanze moTamaSeebi iwyeben wreze siaruls (an

orive wre erTi mimarTulebiT, an sapirispirod). Zaxilze “kakabi” gareTa

wris wevrebi Cerdebian da buqnebs akeTeben. visac SeeSleba, gadis

TamaSidan. Zaxilze “kakali” SigniTa wris moTamaSeebi Caimuxlebian.

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wesebi: moTamaSeebs ar SeuZliaT Zaxilamde gaCereba. imarjvebs is gundi,

visac meti moTamaSe rCeba.

SeniSvna: SeiZleba moTamaSe ki ar gavardes, aramed ubralod davTvaloT

im monawileTa ricxvi, visac SeeSala. imarjvebs is gundi, romelmac

naklebi Secdoma dauSva.

9. mizani: aRqmis, yuradRebis, sivrceSi orientaciis, wvrili motorikis

ganviTareba.

Cvens mier SemuSavebuli TamaSi uyrdnoba d. elkoninis mier

SemuSavebul meTodikas “grafikuli karnaxi”.

davalebis Sesasruleblad bavSvebs urigdebaT ujredebiani

rveulis furceli, romelSic winaswar wertilebia dasmuli.

instruqcia: axla Cven viswavliT sxvadasxva ornamentis xatvas. amisaTvis

Tqven yuradRebiT unda momisminoT. me getyviT, Tu romel mxares da da

ramden ujraze unda gaavloT xazi. rodesac gausmevT xazs, damicadeT,

sanam me ar getyviT, ra unda gaakeToT amis Semdeg. yoveli axali xazi

daiwyeT iqidan, sadac daasruleT wina xazis gasma. ar moaciloT fanqari

qaRalds. yvelas gvaxsovs, sad aris marjvena xeli? awieT marjvena xeli.

xedavT marjvniv Cven kari gvaqvs (vaZlevT raime realur orientirs). ase

rom, roca getyviT gaavleT xazi, Tqven avlebT karisken (ai ase, dafaze

wamyvani avlebs marjvena mxares, erT ujraze xazs). axla me gavavle erTi

xazi marjvniv, axla ki gavavlebT 2 xazs zemoT, xolo axla 3 xazs isev

marjvniv (wamyvani uCvenebs jgufs dafaze).

axla ki fanqris wveri dadeT aRniSnul wertilze. yuradRebiT,

viwyebT xatvas. erTi ujra marjvniv, erTi ujra zemoT. pirveli 2

davaleba d. elkoninis mier SemuSavebuli martivi ornamentis xatvaa.

1) erTi ujra marjvniv, erTi ujra zemoT, erTi ujra marjvniv,

erTi ujra qvemoT, erTi ujra marjvniv, erTi ujra zemoT, erTi ujra

marjvniv, erTi ujra qvemoT, erTi ujra marjvniv, erTi ujra zemoT, erTi

ujra marjvniv, erTi ujra qvemoT, erTi ujra marjvniv (miRebuli figura

ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #1).

2) 2 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, erTi ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra

zemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT,

3 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra

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marjvniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT (miRebuli

figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #2).

miuxedavad mocemuli davalebis efeqturobisa, bavSvebs erTidaigive

ornamentebis xatva Zalian bezrdebaT. amisaTvis, movifiqroT figurebi.

grafikuli karnaxiT cxovelebis, frinvelebis figurebi iqmneba, bavSvebs

ki veubnebiT, rom davalebis swored Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi, raRac

figura daixateba, axli STabeWdilebis miRebis moTxovnileba iwvevs

bavSvis Zalebis mobilizebas, raTa miiRos sasurveli figura.

cxovelebis, frinvelebis figurebi TandaTan rTuldeba.

3) 3 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 5 ujra qvemoT,

6 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 6 ujra qvemoT, 8 ujra

marcxniv, 7 ujra zemoT, 4 ujra marcxniv (miRebuli figura ixileT

danarTSi, suraTi #3). ra gamovida? SegiZliaT gaaferadoT. (bati).

4) 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra

marjvniv, 1ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 5 ujra qvemoT, 6 ujra marjvniv,

1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 9 ujra

qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 4 ujra zemoT, 6 ujra marcxniv, 4 ujra qvemoT,

1 ujra marcxniv, 9 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv. (miRebuli figura

ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #4) (ZaRli).

5) 9 ujra zemoT, 10 ujra marjvniv, 9 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra

marcxniv, 5 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra qvemoT, 2ujra marcxniv,

5 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra qveviT, 1 ujra marcxniv(miRebuli

figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #5) (spilo).

6) 4 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zeviiT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra zemoT, 1

ujra marjvniv, 3 ujra qveviT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 3ujra zeviT, 1 ujra

marjvniv, 5 ujra qveviT, 1ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qveviT, 4 ujra marjvniv,

1 ujra qveviT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 6 ujra qveviT, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra

marcxniv, 4 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 6 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra marcniv,

1 ujra zemoT (miRebuli figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #6)

(kurdReli).

7) 5 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1

ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra

marcniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 3 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv,

91

1 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra

qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 2 ujra qvemoT,

5 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 4 ujra marcxniv, 8 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra

marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra

marcxniv, 5 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marcniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra

marjvniv, 8 ujra zemoT, 4 ujra marcxniv (miRebuli figura ixileT

danarTSi, suraTi #7) (kacuna).

8) 8 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra marjvniv,

1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 6 ujra qvemoT, 1ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra

zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marjvniv,2 ujra zemoT, 2

ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT I ujra marjvniv,4 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra

marcxniv, 6 ujra qvemoT, I ujra marcxniv, 6 ujra zemoT, 5 ujra

marcxniv, 6 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 6 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra

marcxniv (miRebuli figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #8) (aqlemi).

9) 4 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 3 ujra zemoT, 1

ujra marjvniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra zemoT, 4 ujra

marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra

marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra

marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, I ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra

marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra

marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT,1 ujra marjvniv,

1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra

zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 2 ujra zemoT

(miRebuli figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #9) (pepela).

10) 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 1

ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, I ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra

qvemoT, I ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT,

2 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 4 ujra

marjvniv, 2 ujra zemoT, 3 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marjvniv,

2 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra

qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 2 ujra qvemoT,

2 ujra marcxniv, 4 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, I ujra

marjvniv, 2 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv,

92

1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra

zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 5 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1

ujra marcxniv (miRebuli figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #10) (mamali).

11) 9 ujra zemoT, I ujra marjvniv, 6 ujra qvemoT, I ujra marjvniv, 1

ujra zemoT, 4 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marjvniv, 3 ujra

zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 4 ujra marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT,

1 ujra marjvniv, 2 ujra qvemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra

marcxniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra qvemoT, I ujra

marjvniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 3 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra

marcxniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 2 ujra marcxniv, 1 ujra qvemoT, 1 ujra

marjvniv, 1 ujra zemoT, 4 ujra marcxniv, 3 ujra zemoT, 1 ujra marcxniv

(miRebuli figura ixileT danarTSi, suraTi #11) (maimuni).

10. mizani: sivrceSi orientaciis unaris ganviTareba

masala: adamianis portreti cxviris gareSe, formatis furcelze

Sesrulebuli. calke gamoyofili cxviris gamosaxuleba patara skotCiT

an WikartiT.

TamaSis wesebi: monawileoben bavSvebi wyvilebSi. erT-erT moTamaSes

akruli aqvs Tvalebi. wamyvani dafaze akravs plakats, adamianis

portretis gamosaxulebiT. wyvilebi Rebuloben TamaSSi monawileobas.

erT-erTs wamyvani aukravs Tvalebs. man unda miawebos portrets cxviri

saWiro adgilze. TamaSi iwyeba formatis qveda marcxena mxridan. meore

monawile ki aZlevs ki instruqcias: cota marjvniv, zemoT qvemoT,...

rodesac monawile ipovis saWiro adgils, eubneba, daamagre. imarjvebs is

wyvili, romelSic orive monawilem sworad Seasrula davaleba.

SeniSvna: SesaZloa plakatze gamosaxuli iyos xe Citis budiT da

monawileebma Citi Casvan budeSi.

11. mizani: wvrili motorikis, nebismieri moqmedebis unaris ganviTareba.

(mocemuli davaleba kvlav axali STabeWdilebis miRebasa da

cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofilebis survils emyareba).

masala: gasaferadeblebi: 7 gasaferadebeli mxolod samkuTxedebisagan

da oTxkuTxedebisagan Sedgeba:

93

1) instruqcia: Tu Sen yvela samkuTxeds yviTlad, xolo yvela

oTxkuTxeds cisfrad gaaferadeb, raRac figuras miiReb. (ixileT

danarTSi, suraTi #12, gemi).

2) instruqcia: Tu yvela samkuTxeds yavisfrad, xolo yvela oTxkuTxeds

yviTlad gaaferadeb, Sen cxovelis gamosaxulebas miiReb.(ixileT

danarTSi, suraTi #13, aqlemi).

3) instruqcia: gaaferade samkuTxedebi wiTlad, xolo oTxkuTxedebi

lurj ferad (vnaxoT, Tu ra dagimala mxatvarma). (ixileT danarTSi,

suraTi # ). am dros miiReba cifrebis: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 gamosaxulebebi.

4) 3 gasaferadebeli naxati, romlis detalebze sxvadasxva niSnebia

dasmuli.

1) gaaferade yvela detali “+” niSniT wiTlad.

detalebi _ “_“ niSniT yviTlad.

detalebi _ “Ο” niSniT mwvaned.

detalebi _ “□” niSniT cisfrad.

da vnaxoT Tu ra figuraa damaluli mocemul naxatze.

2) detalebi, romlebzec fifqia daxatuli, gaaferade yavisfrad

(kenguru).

3) detalebi, romlebzec fifqia daxatuli, gaaferade nacrisfrad

(delfini).

4) detalebi wris gamosaxulebiT ki cisfrad.

6 gasaferadebeli, romlis detalebic sxvadasxva cifrebiTaa

aRniSnuli. sxvadasxva cifrs sxvadasxva feri Seesatyviseba.

12. mizani: yuradRebis, wvrili motorikis, nebismieri moqmedebis,

azrovnebis ganviTareba. (gamocemulia ganmaviTarebeli savarjiSoebis

krebulis “feradi ariTmetika” saxiT).

masala: 13 gasaferadebeli naxati, romlis detalebSic sxvadasxva

ariTmetikuli operaciebia Cawerili. mocemuli ariTmetikuli

operaciebis jams Sesabamisi feri Seesatyviseba.

(mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba axali STabeWdilebis miRebas, interesis

dakmayofilebis survils emyareba “netav rogori naxati gamova”).

94

instruqcia: gamoiangariSeT, moZebneT ariTmetikuli operaciebis jamis

Sesabamisi feri da gaaferadeT suraTebi:

1) davaleba “yvavili” 6 detalisgan Sedgeba;

2) davaleba “Tevzi” _ 15 detalisgan;

3) Cipolino _ 21 detalisgan;

4) “kenguru” _ 20 detalisgan;

5) “kurdReli” _ 25 detalisgan;

6) “Citi” _ 31 detalisgan;

7) “mela” _ 32 detalisgan;

8) “spilo” _ 34 detalisgan;

9) “jambazi” _ 34 detalisgan;

10) “lomi” _ 36 detalisgan;

11) “kata” _ 45 detalisgan;

12) senior “pomidori” _ 50 detalisgan;

13) “fiso gitariT” _ 57 detalisgan;

13. mizani: TanamSromlobis, azrovnebis, fantaziis ganviTareba.

(mofiqrebulia Cems mier)

masala: baraTebi cxovelebis, frinvelebis, sagnebis, adamianebis

gamosaxulebebiT (SesaZloa lotos sxvadasxva baraTebis gamoyeneba).

monawileebi Semousxdebian SeerTebul magidas. wamyvani maT 2-2 baraTs

urigebs (baraTis mocemuli raodenoba sakmarisia, rodesac TamaSi

pirvelad iwyeba).

instruqcia: dRes Tqven namdvili mezRapreebi xarT. yvelam erTad unda

movifiqroT zRapari. erT-erTi Tqvengani merxis SuaSi dadebs raime

baraTs. ai, magaliTad: fiso. iyo da ara iyo ra, iyo erTi fiso, amis

Semdeg mis marjvniv mjdomi agrZelebs Txrobas, is dadebs Tavis baraTs,

magaliTad ”kurdRels”. fisos hyavda megobari kurdReli. yvela bavSvi

dadebs baraTs da gaagrZelebs zRapars. is bavSvi, romelic bolos

dadebs baraTs, daasrulebs kidec zRapars. axla ki yuradRebiT. kargad

mousmineT erTmaneTs, rom Cveni zRapari ufro saintereso gamovides.

SeniSvna: “ Tu zRapari logikur mimdinareobas kargavs, maSin wamyvani

erTveba TamaSSi da akavSirebs mocemul movlenebs erTmaneTTan, an

TiToeuli monawilis Semdeg imeorebs azrs da Semdeg bavSvs mimarTavs:

95

aba, ra moxda Semdeg? TandaTan SeiZleba 3 baraTis gamoyenebac.

garTulebuli variantis monawileebi ar naxuloben Tavis baraTebs.

zemoTxsenebul baraTebs SemTxveviTi principiT amoabruneben, deben da

ise igoneben ambavs.

14. mizani: azrovnebis ganviTareba

wamyvani Caifiqrebs romelime cxovels (frinvels, sagans da a.S.).

monawileebma unda dasvan SekiTxvebi, raTa gamoicnon, Tu romel

cxovelebzea saubari. oRond ar SeiZleba pirdapiri varaudebis gamoTqma:

ZaRlia? kataa?, aramed jer unda gaarkvioT, Sinauria Tu gareuli, ras

Wams, aqvs Tu ara rqebi, ra ferisaa. mxolod 7 kiTxvis Semdeg SeiZleba

varaudebis gamoTqma. (dasaSvebia 3 SesaZlo pasuxis dasaxeleba). Tu

bavSvebma ver gaimarjves, imarjvebs wamyvani, Tu gamoicnes _ klasi.

rodesac bavSvebi TamaSs kargad iswavlian, ukve romelime

monawiles SeuZlia Caifiqros cxoveli an frinveli.

SeniSvna: dafaze aucileblad fiqsirdeba gamarjvebebi. SesaZloa TamaSis

garTulebac, SekiTxvebi davsvaT ise, rom wamyvanma upasuxos mxolod:

“ki”, “ara”, “ar vici”.

15. mizani: mexsierebis, yuradRebis ganviTareba.

masala: 2 furceli, romelic 9 ujradaa dayofili, 2 wyvili patara

baraTi sxvadasxva gamosaxulebiT. TamaSSi monawileobs wyvili. magidaze

ideba 2 furceli da orive monawiles monawiles eZleva erTnairi

baraTebi. jer pirveli monawile aTavsebs mocemul ujrebSi 4 baraTs.

misi mewyvile ki uyurebs 2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi da cdilobs daixsomos.

amis Semdeg wamyvani afarebs meore furcels da meore moTamaSes sTxovs

baraTebis zustad ganlagebas Tavis furcelze. dafaze fiqsirdeba

ramdeni baraTi dado sworad TiToeulma monawilem. imarjvebs wyvili,

romlis orive monawilem kargad gaarTva Tavi.

16. mizani: mexsierebis, azrovnebis, TanamSromlobis unaris ganviTareba,

leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba.

mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba pirveli klasis mesame trimestrSia

SesaZlebeli, mas Semdeg, rac bavSvebi weras iswavlian. wamyvans winaswar

aqvs momzadebuli baraTebi, romlebic klasSi bavSvebis raodenobas

Seesatyviseba. baraTebze mze, varskvlavebi, cisartyelaa gamosaxuli.

96

bavSvebi tomridan iReben mocemul gamosaxulebebs, ase iqmneba 3 gundi.

(umjobesia, rom TiTo jgufi 4 wevrisgan Sedgebodes da masSi bavSvebis

erTnairi raodenoba iyos).

instruqcia: me Tqven dagirigebT furclebs. Tqven unda moigonoT

sityvebi, romelic “a” asoze iwyeba. erT-erTi TqvenTagani Cawers am

sityvebs. gaimarjvebs is gundi, romelic met sityvas moifiqrebs.

wesebi: Cxubis SemTxvevaSi gunds akldeba 1 qula, xmauris SemTxvevaSi _ 3

qula, gadaweris SemTxvevaSi _ 3 qula. TamaSis xangrZlivoba 20 wuTi.

amis Semdeg an gundi, an wamyvani irCevs jgufis liders, romelic

waikiTxavs sityvebs. bavSvebi, romlebic SedarebiT sustebi arian, Tavidan

SeiZleba aqtiurad ar iyvnen TamaSSi CarTuli, magram jgufis

gamarjvebis Semdeg xdeba maTi gaaqtiureba.

17. mizani: azrovnebis, mexsierebis, leqsikuri maragis ganviTareba

jgufi dgeba klasSi kedelTan. sami metris moSorebiT wamyvani

moniSnavs iataks. bavSvebi arian “monadireebi” , romlebic midian

sanadirod. “tye” ki moniSnulis Semdeg iwyeba.

monawileebi saTiTaod “midian tyeSi”, oRond TiTo nabijze TiTo

cxoveli unda daasaxelon. gaimarjvebs is bavSvi, romelic “tyis”

sazRvrebs gadahkveTs. Tu romelime bavSvi ver axerxebs dasaxelebas,

TamaSis bolos mas eZleva ufleba Tavidan gaimeoros svla. sasurvelia,

rom yvela bavSvma gadakveTos sazRvari. wamyvani ulocavs jgufs

gamarjvebas.

SeniSvna: SesaZloa Tevzebis, yvavilebis, qalaqebis, qveynebis an romelime

asoze sityvebis dasaxeleba.

jgufSi muSaobis meTodika ganzrax ar aris moyvanili konkretuli

gakveTilis saxiT, radgan Cvens mier SemuSavebuli ganmaviTarebeli

gakveTilebi dafuZnebulia Semdeg principze: “ganmaviTarebeli samuSao

mimarTuli unda iyos individualur midgomaze, iTvaliswinebdes

bavSvebis aqtualuri ganviTarebis dones. radgan arasodes ar viciT

winaswar, Tu rogor jgufTan mogviwevs muSaoba, SeuZlebelia

universaluri programis SemuSaveba. mocemuli davalebebidan virCevdiT

im davalebebs, romlebic mocemuli jgufis umravlesobisaTvis

gansakuTrebiT saWiroa.

97

TiTo gakveTilze Cven yovelTvis virCevdiT erT saxatav davalebas

da erT TamaSs. eqsperimentis dawyebamde gamokveuli bavSvebi davyaviT

eqsperimentul da sakontrolo jgufebad.

eqsperimentul da sakontrolo jgufebSi moswavleTa Tanabari

raodenoba gvyavda, TiTeulSi 122-122 moswavle.

eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebi homogenuri iyo Semdegi

kriteriumebis mixedviT: inteleqtualuri mzaoba, dominanturi motivebi,

TanamSromlobis unaris arseboba, nimuSis da wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis

unari.

inteleqtualuri mzaobis kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentuli

jgufSi skolisaTvis mzad aRmoCnda moswavleTa 60%, xolo ar aRmoCnda

mzad 40%. maTgan, gogonebs Soris mzad aRmoCnda 66%, xolo ar aRmoCnda

mzad 34%. vaJebs Soris inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda 53%, xolo ar

aRmoCnda _ 47%.

sakontrolo jgufSi inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda

pirvelkalselTa 60%, xolo ar aRmoCnda 40%. maTgan, gogonebs Soris

inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda 64%, xolo ar aRmoCnda 36%. vaJebs

Soris inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda 55%, xolo moumwifebeli

aRmoCnda 45%.

eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis SedarebiT miviReT, rom

X2= 0,00; p>0.05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris. (ix.

cxrili #5)

saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi (seqtemberSi) miRebuli Sedegebi

98

inteleqtualuri mzaoba cxrili #5

absoluturi sixSire fardobiTi

sixSire

jgufi ar aris aris sul ar aris aris

hi-kvadrat

kriteriumi

sandooba

saeqsperimento gogonebi 22 42 64 34% 66% X2=0.000 Pp>0.05

biWebi 27 31 58 47% 53% SeniSvna: saeqsperimento

da sakontrolo

jgufebs Soris

gansxvaveba sando ar

aris.

erTad 49 73 122 40% 60%

sakontrolo gogonebi 23 41 64 36% 64%

biWebi 26 32 58 45% 55%

erTad 49 73 122 40% 60%

dominanturi motivis kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul jgufSi

swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoaCnda moswavleTa 61%-s, xolo TamaSis

motivi _ moswavleTa 39%-s.

gogonebs Soris swavlis motivi dominanturia 70%-Tan, xolo TamaSis

30%-Tan. vaJebs Soris swavlis motivi 50%-Tan aris dominanturi, TamaSis

motivi aseve 50%-isaTvis.

sakontrolo jgufSi swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoCnda

moswavleTa 48%-isaTvis, xolo TamaSis motivi 52%-isaTvis. gogonebs

Soris swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoCnda 56%-isaTvis, xolo TamaSis

44%-isaTvis. vaJebs Soris swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoCnda 40%-

isaTvis, xolo TamaSis _ 60%-isaTvis.

eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom

(X2=1,255; p>0,05). mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris (ix.

cxrili #6).

99

pirveli meTodika _ `motivacia~

cxrili #6

absoluturi sixSire

fardobiTi

sixSire

hi-kvadrat

kriteriumi

sandooba


X2=1.255 Pp>0.05

saeqsperimento gogonebi 19 45 64 30% 70%

biWebi 29 29 58 50% 50% SeniSvna: saeqsperimento

da sakontrolo

jgufebs Soris


aris

erTad 48 74 122 39% 61%


biWebi 35 23 58 60% 40%

erTad 63 59 122 52% 48%

TanamSromlobis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul

jgufSi TanamSromloba warmatebiT SesZlo moswavleTa 37%-ma, xolo ver

SesZlo 63%-ma. gogonebs Soris TanamSromloba SesZlo 45%-ma, ver

SesZlo 55%-ma.

vaJebs Soris TanamSromloba 28%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo72%-ma.

sakontrolo jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 36%-ma, ver

SesZlo 64%-ma. gogonebs Soris TanamSromloba 41%-ma SesZlo, xolo

davalebas Tavi ver gaarTva 59%-ma. vaJebs Soris TanamSromloba 31%-ma

SesZlo, ver SesZlo 69%-ma.


(X2 =0,166; p>0,05). mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris, e.i.

mocemuli jgufic homogenuria (ix. cxrili #7).

100

meore meTodika _ `TanamSromloba~

cxrili #7

absoluturi sixSire

fardobiTi

sixSire

hi-kvadrat

kriteriumi

sandooba

jgufi ar aris aris sul

ar

aris aris

X2=1.166 Pp>0.05

saeqsperimento gogonebi 35 29 64 55% 45% SeniSvna:

saeqsperimento da

sakontrolo jgufebs

Soris gansxvaveba

sando ar aris.

biWebi 42 16 58 72% 28%

erTad 77 45 122 63% 37%


biWebi 40 18 58 69% 31%

erTad 78 44 122 64% 36%

nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom

eqsperimentul jgufSi nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo moswavleTa

57%-ma, ver SesZlo 43%-ma. gogonebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba

62%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo mxolod 38%-ma.

vaJebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 50%-ma SesZlo, xolo ver

SesZlo mxolos 50%-ma.

sakontrolo jgufSi ki Semdegi Sedegebi miviReT: nimuSis mixedviT

moqmedeba SesZlo 66%-ma, xolo ver SesZlo 34%-ma. gogonebs Soris

nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba68%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo mxolod 31%-ma.

vaJebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT xelmZRvaneloba SesZlo 62%-ma, ver

SesZlo 38%-ma.

sakontrolo da eqsperimentuli jgufis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom

X2=1,715; p>0,05. gansxvaveba sando ar aris, e.i. mocemuli unaris

mixedviTac jgufebi homoginuria (ix. cxrili #8)

101

mesame meTodika _ `saxli~

cxrili #8

absoluturi sixSire

fardobiTi

sixSire

hi-kvadrat

kriteriumi

sandooba


X2=1.715 Pp>0.05


saeqsperimento da

sakontrolo jgufebs

Soris gansxvaveba sando

ar aris.

biWebi 29 29 58 50% 50%

erTad 53 69 122 43% 57%


biWebi 22 36 58 38% 62%

erTad 42 80 122 34% 66%

“wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT Sedegi

monacemebi: eqsperimentul jgufSi wesebis dacva SesZlo

pirvelklaselTa 29%-ma, ver SesZlo 71%-ma. gogonebs Soris mocemuli

davalebis Sesruleba SesZlo 33%-ma, ver SesZlo 67%-ma. vaJebs Soris

nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo 24%-ma, ver SesZlo 76%-ma.

sakontrolo jgufSi wesebis dacva SesZlo pirvelklaselTa 20%-ma,

ver SesZlo 80%-ma. gogonebs Soris 28%-ma SesZlo wesebis dacva, ver

SesZlo 72%-ma. vaJebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 12%-ma SesZlo,

88%-ma ver SesZlo.


X2=2,848; p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.

jgufebi mocemuli unaris mixedviTac homogenuria (ix. cxrili # 9).

102

meoTxe meTodika

cxrili #9

absoluturi sixSire

fardobiTi

sixSire

hi-kvadrat

kriteriumi

sandooba


X2=2.849 Pp>0.05

saeqsperimento gogonebi 43 21 64 67% 33% SeniSvna: saeqsperimento

da sakontrolo

jgufebs Soris


aris.

biWebi 44 14 58 76% 24%

erTad 87 35 122 71% 29%


biWebi 51 7 58 88% 12%

erTad 97 25 122 80% 20%

amis Semdeg eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufis moswavleebi

davyaviT asakis mixedviT. cal-calke gamovyaviT 5, 6, 7 6wlianebis

jgufebi. miviReT, rom eqsperimentul jgufSi 5 wlianTa Soris

inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda moswavleTa 26%, xolo moumwifebeli

moswavleTa 74%. 6 wlianTa Soris inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda 67%,

xolo moumwifebeli _ 33%. 7 wlianTa Soris inteleqtualurad mzad 70%

aRmoCnda, moumwifebeli 30%. sakontrolo jgufSi 5 wlianebSi individu-

alurad mzad aRmoCnda 40%, xolo moumwifebeli 66%. 6 wlianTa Soris

inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda 65%, moumwifebeli 35%. 7 wlianebs

Soris inteleqtualurad mzad 67% aRmoCnda, xolo moumwifebeli 33%

(ix. cxrili #10)

103


inteleqtualuri mzaoba

cxrili #10


sixSire


saeqsperimento 5 weli 17 6 23 74% 26%

6 weli 29 60 89 33% 67%

7 weli 3 7 10 30% 70%

sakontrolo 5 weli 15 10 25 60% 40%

6 weli 32 59 91 35% 65%

7 weli 2 4 6 33% 67%

SeniSvna: niSandebulia is SemTxvevebi, sadac gansxvaveba saeqsperimento da

sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.

5 wlianebis jgufi SevadareT 6 wliani moswavleebis jgufs. miviReT,

eqsperimentul jgufSi. X2=12, 898; p=0,000. sakontrolo jgufSi ki

X2=5,018; p>0,02. orive jgufis SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda gansxvaveba. xolo

6 da 7 wlianebis jgufis Sedarebisas eqsperimentul jgufSi miviReT,

rom X2=2,574; p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris. 6

da 7 wlianebis jgufi rogorc Cans homogenuria saskolo,

inteleqtualuri mzaobis mxriv. sakontrolo jgufSic miviReT, rom

X2=0,08; p>0,05. amitom, sakontrolo jgufSic gansxvaveba am or asakobriv

jgufs Soris sando ar aris.

dominanturi motivis kvlevisas Semdegi Sedegebi miviReT:

eqsperimentul jgufSi 5 wlianebis 39%-isaTvis wamyvani aris swavlis

motivi, xolo 61%-isaTvis TamaSis motivi. 6 wlianebis jgufSi 65%-

isaTvis wamyvani aris swavlis motivi, xolo 35%-isaTvis TamaSis motivi.

7 wlianebis jgufSi 70%-isaTvis wamyvani aris swavlis motivi, xolo 30%-

isaTvis TamaSis motivi. sakontrolo jgufSi: 5 wlianebis 32%-isaTvis

wamyvani swavlis motivia, xolo 68%-isaTvis TamaSis motivi.

104

6 wlianebis jgufSi 53%-isaTvis wamyvani swavlis motivia, xolo

47%-isaTvis TamaSis motivi. 7 wlianebis jgufSi 50%-s wamyvani TamaSis

motivi aqvs, 50%-s _ swavlis motivi (ix. cxrili #11)


cxrili #11


sixSire



6 weli 31 58 89 35% 65%

7 weli 3 7 10 30% 70%


6 weli 43 48 91 47% 53%

7 weli 3 3 6 50% 50%



5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufis SedarebiT miviReT eqsperimentul

jgufSi X2 = 3,155; p = 0,000. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.

xolo sakontrolo jgufSi imave asakobrivi jgufebis

Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=3, 381; p>0,05. mocemul SemTxvevaSi

jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.

eqsperimentul jgufSi 6 da 7 wlianebis SedarebiT miviReT, rom X2

= 4,212; p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris, xolo

sakontrolo jgufSi: X2=0,017; p>0,05, mocemul SemTxvevaSic jgufi

homogenuria wamyvani motivis mixedviT.

orive jgufis SemTxvevaSi 5 wlianTan wamyvani TamaSis motivia.

TanamSromlobs unaris kvlevis Sedegebi: eqsperimentul jgufSi:

5 wlianebis jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 26%-ma, xolo

ver SesZlo 74%-ma. 6 wlianebis jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo

moswavleTa 36%-ma, xolo ver SesZlo 64%-ma. 7 wlianebis jgufSi

105

TanamSromloba moswavleTa 70%-ma SesZlo, xolo ver SesZlo 30%-ma.

sakontrolo jgufSi: TanamSromloba 5 wlianebis 20%-ma SesZlo, xolo

TanmSromloba gauWirda 80%-s.

6 wlianebis 43%-ma SesZlo TanamSromloba, xolo ver SesZlo 57%-ma.

7 wlianebis 100%-ma ver SesZlo TanamSromloba (ix. cxrili # 12)


cxrili #12




6 weli 57 32 89 64% 36%

7 weli 3 7 10 30% 70%


6 weli 52 39 91 57% 43%

7 weli 6 0 6 100% 0%



rodesac 5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufi SevadareT, miviReT, rom

eqsperimentul jgufSi X2 = 0,794; p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris

gansxvaveba ar dafiqsirda. 6 da 7 wlianebTanac dabali aRmoCnda

TanamSromlobis unari, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi X2 = 4,35; p<0,65.

mocemul jgufebs Soris ki dafiqsirda gansxvaveba.

6 da 7 wliani bavSvebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul

ggufSi X2 = 7,926; p<0,01. dafiqsirda gansxvaveba, Svidwlianebis

umravlesobas kargad aqvs ganviTarebuli TanamSromlobis unari.

rac Seexeba sakontrolo jgufs X2 = 4,500; p<0,05. nimuSis mixedviT

moqmedebs unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul jgufSi 5

wlianebis 39%-ma SesZlo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba, ver SesZlo 64%-ma.

sakontrolo jgufSi ki 5 wlianebis 36%-ma SesZlo minuSis mixedviT

moqmedeba, ver SesZlo 64%-ma.

106

6 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi 61%-ma SesZlo nimuSis mixedviT

moqmedeba, ver SesZlo 39%-ma.

xolo sakontrolo jgufSi nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 73%-ma

SesZlo, ver SesZlo mxolod 27%-ma.

7 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 60%-

ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo 40%-ma.

sakontrolo jgufSi davaleba normalurad 83%-ma Seasrula, ver

Sesasrula mxolod 17%-ma (cxrili #13)


cxrili #13



5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2 = 3,447;

p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris. xolo

sakontrolo jgufSi X2 = 11,451; p=0,000. mocemul jgufebs Soris

gansxvaveba sandoa.

6 da 7 wlianTa jgufebs Soris Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2 = 1,680;

p>0,05. sakontrolo jgufSi X2=0,835; p>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris

gansxvaveba sando ar aris.

wesebis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom: 5

wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi wesis mixedviT moqmedeba mxolod




6 weli 35 54 89 39% 61%

7 weli 4 6 10 40% 60%


6 weli 25 66 91 27% 73%

7 weli 1 5 6 17% 83%

107

9%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo 91%-ma. sakontrolo jgufSi 4%-ma SesZlo,

ver SesZlo 96%-ma.

6 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi wesis mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo

30%-ma, ver SesZlo 70%-ma. sakontrolo jgufSi SesZlo 26%-ma, ver

SesZlo 74%-ma.

7 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi wesis mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo

60%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 40%-ma, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi wesis

mixedviT moqmedeba ver SesZlo 100%-ma (cxrili #14)

meoTxe meTodika _ ki da ara ar Tqva

cxrili #14



5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2 = 4,461;

p<0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa. xolo sakontrolo

jgufSi X2=5,807; p<0,02 mocemul SemTxvevaSi gansxvaveba sandoa. 5

wlianebs ufro uWirT wesebisadmi damorCileba.

rac Seexeba 6-7 wlianebis jgufs, eqsperimentul jgufSi

X2 = 14,000; p=0,000.

xolo sakontrolo jgufSi X2 = 2,103; p>0,05.

saWiroa avRniSnoT, rom sakontrolo jgufSi 7 wlianebis jgufis

umravlesobas aqvs dasmuli aqvs diagnozi _ hiperaqtiurobis sindromi

yuradRebis deficitiT.




6 weli 62 27 89 70% 30%

7 weli 4 6 10 40% 60%


6 weli 67 24 91 74% 26%

7 weli 6 0 6 100% 0%

108

pirvelklaselTa jgufis kvlevisas ar dafiqsirda disharmonia

inteleqtualur mzaobasa da socialur pirovnul mzaobas Soris. Cven

gvainteresebda mocemuli TvalsazrisiTac Tu iqneboda sakontrolo da

eqsperimentuli jgufebi homogenuri.

inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebi SevadareT dominanturi

motivebis kvlevis monacemebs: miviReT Semdegi Sedegi: eqsperimentul

jgufSi, maT Soris, vinc ar iyo inteleqtualurad mzad skolisaTvis,

76%-s dominanturi motivi TamaSi aqvs, xolo 24%-s swavlis motivi. maT

Soris, vinc inteleqtualurad mzad iyo skolisaTvis 15 %-s aRmoaCnda

dominanturi TamaSis motivi, 85%-s ki swavlis. mocemul monacemebs Soris

dafiqsirda korelacia (r =0,607). vinc inteleqtualurad mzad aris

skolisaTvis, maT wamyvani swavlis motivi aqvs, xolo vinc ar aris

mzad _ TamaSis motivi.

sakontrolo jgufSi: maT Soris vinc ar aris mzad

inteleqturalurad skolisaTvis, 78%-s dominanturi aRmoaCnda TamaSis

motivi, xolo 22%-s swavlis motivi.

skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad momwifebul bavSvebs Soris 34%-s

dominanturi TamaSis motivi aRmoaCnda, 66%-s ki swavlis motivi. (r=0,425).

sakontrolo jgufSi inteleqtualurad momwifebul bavSvebs

dominanturi swavlis motivi aqvT, xolo moumwifebel bavSvebs

dominanturi _ TamaSis motivi.


X2=3,719; P>0,05. mocemuli jgufebi homogenuria, maT Soris gansxvaveba

sando ar aris (ix. cxrili #15)

109


inteleqtualuri mzaoba da pirveli meTodika _ `motivacia~

cxrili #15



sixSire

jgufi mzaoba ara ki sul ara ki hi-kvadrat

kriteriumi

sandooba

saeqsperimento ar aris 37 12 49 76% 24% X2=3.719 p>0.05

aris 11 62 73 15% 85% SeniSvna:

saeqsperimento da

sakontrolo jgufebs

Soris gansxvaveba

sando ar aris.

erTad 48 74 122 39% 61%

sakontrolo ar aris 38 11 49 78% 22%

aris 25 48 73 34% 66%

erTad 63 59 122 52% 48%

inteleqtualuri mzaobisa da TanamSromlobis unaris Sedarebisas

miviReT, rom eqsperimentuli jgufis im moswavleebs Soris, romlebic ar

iyvnen inteleqtualurad skolisaTvis mzad, 88%-ma ver SesZlo

TanamSromloba TanatolebTan, SesZlo mxolod 12%-ma.

inteleqtualurad momwifebuli bavSvebs Soris 47%-ma ver SesZlo

TanamSromloba, SesZlo mxolod 53%-ma (r=0,418). dafiqsirda dadebiTi

korelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da TanamSromlobis unars Soris.

sakontrolo jgufSi: inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli bavSvebis

82%-ma ver SesZlo TanamSromloba, SesZlo mxolod 18%-ma.

inteleqtualurad momwifebuli bavSvebis 52%-ma ver SesZlo

TanamSromloba, SesZlo mxolod 48%-ma. r=0,302 sakontrolo jgufSi

dafiqsirda dadebiTi korelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da

TanamSromlobis unars Soris.

110

eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom

X2=0,438; P>0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris (ix.

cxrili #16).

inteleqtualuri mzaoba da meore meTodika _ `TanamSromloba~

cxrili #16



sixSire

hi-kvadrat

kriteriumi

sandooba

jgufi mzaoba ara ki sul ara ki X2=0.438 Pp>0.05

saeqsperimento ar aris 43 6 49 88% 12% SeniSvna:

saeqsperimento da

sakontrolo jgufebs

Soris gansxvaveba

sando ar aris.

aris 34 39 73 47% 53%

erTad 77 45 122 63% 37%


aris 38 35 73 52% 48%

erTad 78 44 122 64% 36%

inteleqtualuri mzaobisa da nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris

kvlevis monacemebis Sedarebisas miviReT.

eqsperimentul jgufSi: im moswavleebs Soris, romlebic ar

aRmoCndnen inteleqtualurad mzad skolisaTvis 20%-ma SesZlo moqmedeba

nimuSis mixedviT, ver SesZlo 80%-ma.

xolo inteleqtualurad momwifebul bavSvebs Soris: nimuSis

mixedviT moqmedeba 81%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo mxolod 19%-ma. r=0,597

dafiqsirda korelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da nimuSis mixedviT

moqmedebis unars Soris.

sakontrolo jgufSi: inteleqtualurad moumwifebul bavSvebs

Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 37%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo 63%-ma

.inteleqtualurad momwifebuli bavSvebs Soris 15%-ma ver SesZlo

nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba, xolo 85%-ma SesZlo. r=0,497. mocemul

SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda dadebiTi korelacia.

eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar

aris X2=0,434; P>0,05 (ix. cxrili #17)

111

inteleqtualuri mzaoba da mesame meTodika _ `saxli~

cxrili #17


sixSire

hi-kvadrat

kriteriumi

sandooba

jgufi mzaoba ara ki sul ara ki X20.434 Pp>0.05

saeqsperimento ar aris 39 10 49 80% 20% SeniSvna: saeqsperimento

da sakontrolo

jgufebs Soris


aris.

aris 14 59 73 19% 81%

erTad 53 69 122 43% 57%


aris 11 62 73 15% 85%

erTad 42 80 122 34% 66%

inteleqtualur mzaobasa da nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris

kvlevis Sedarebisas miviReT: eqsperimentuli jgufis inteleqtualurad

moumwifebeli bavSvebis jgufSi wesis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaoba ver

SesZlo 98%-ma, SesZlo mxolod 2%.-ma inteleqtualurad momwifebul

bavSvTa Soris ki wesebis dacva ver SesZlo 57%-ma, SesZlo 43%-ma. r=0,483.

mocemul SemTxveaSi dafiqsirda korelacia inteleqtualur mzaobasa da

wesebis dacvis unars Soris.

sakontrolo jgufSi Semdegi monacemebi miviReT, inteleqtualurad

moumwifebel bavSvebs Soris 98%-ma ver SesZlo wesebis dacva, mxolod

2%-ma daZlia es davaleba.

xolo inteleqtualurad momwifebuli bavSvebis 67%-ma ver SesZlo

wesebis dacva. SesZlo 33%-ma. r=0,443. mocemul SemTxvevaSic dafiqsirda

korelacia.


X2=2,861. P>0,05. jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris (ix. cxrili

#18).

112

inteleqtualuri mzaoba da meoTxe meTodika

cxrili #18


sixSire

hi-kvadrat

kriteriumi

sandooba

jgufi mzaoba ara ki sul ara ki X2=2.861 p>0.05

saeqsperimento ar aris 48 1 49 98% 2% SeniSvna:

saeqsperimento da

sakontrolo jgufebs

Soris gansxvaveba sando

ar aris.

aris 39 34 73 53% 47%

erTad 87 35 122 71% 29%


aris 49 24 73 67% 33%

erTad 97 25 122 80% 20%

ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis Catarebis Semdeg saswavlo wlis

bolos xelaxla gavimeoreT kvleva, kvlav gamoviyeneT g. vitclakis

testi “skolaSi swavlis unaris kvleva” da n. gutkinas programa 6-7

wlianebis saskolo mzaobis dadgena”. miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi:

eqsperimentul jgufSi g. vitclakis mixedviT inteleqtualurad mzad

aRmoCnda moswavleTa 93%, xolo moumwifebeli mxolod 7%. gogonebs

Soris inteleqtualurad momwifebuli aRmoCnda 94%, xolo moumwifebeli

6%. vaJebs Soris inteleqtualurad momwifebuli 93% aRmoCnda,

moumwifebeli ki 7%. sakontrolo jgufSi inteleqtualurad

momwifebuli 66% aRmoCnda, moumwifebeli ki 34%. gogonebis jgufSi

inteleqtualurad mzad 67% aRmoCnda, xolo moumwifebeli 33%. vaJebs

Soris ki 64% aRmoCnda inteleqtualurad mzad, 36% ki moumwifebeli.

eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas ki miviReT:

(X2=29,679; p=0,000). mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa, rasac

adgili ar hqonia seqtembris monacemebSi (ix. cxrili #19)

113

saswavlo wlis bolos (maisSi) miRebuli Sedegebi

inteleqtualuri mzaoba cxrili #19

absoluturi

sixSire

fardobiTi

sixSire

jgufi

ar

aris aris sul ar aris aris

hi-kvadrat

kriteriumi

sandooba

saeqsperimento gogonebi 4 60 64 6% 94% X2=29.079 Pp=0.000

biWebi 4 54 58 7% 93%

erTad 8 114 122 7% 93%


biWebi 21 37 58 36% 64%

erTad 42 80 122 34% 66%

SeniSvna: saeqsperimento da sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.

dominanturi motivebis kvlevisas ki miviReT:

eqsperimentul jgufSi 96%-s aRmoaCnda dominanturi swavlis motivi,

xolo 4%-s aRmoaCnda TamaSis motivis dominanturi. gogonebis jgufSi

98%-s aRmoaCnda dominanturi swavlis motivi, 2%-s ki TamaSis. vaJebis

jgufSi 93%-s dominanturi swavlis motivi aRmoaCnda, 7%-s ki TamaSis.

sakontrolo jgufSi ki swavlis motivi dominanturi mxolod 67%-s

aRmoaCnda, 33%-s ki TamaSis motivi. gogonebis 72%-isaTvis dominanturi

swavlis motivia, TamaSis motivi mxolod 28 %-isaTvis aris

dominanturi. vaJebTan 62%-isaTvis dominanturi swavlis motivia, 38%-

isaTvis ki TamaSis.


X2=16,062; pP=0,000. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa, rasac

adgili ar hqonia seqtemberSi miRebul monacemebSi (ix. cxrili #20)

114


cxrili #20

absoluturi

sixSire

fardobiTi

sixSire

hi-kvadrat

kriteriu

mi

sandooba

jgufi

ar

aris aris sul

ar

aris arisX2=16.062 Pp=0.000

saeqsperi-

mento

gogo-

nebi

1 63 64 2% 98%

SeniSvna:

saeqsperimento da

sakontrolo

jgufebs Soris

gansxvaveba sandoa.

biWebi 4 54 58 7% 93%

erTad 5 117 122 4% 96%

sakont-

rolo

gogo-

nebi

18 46 64 28% 72%

biWebi 22 36 58 38% 62%

erTad 40 82 122 33% 67%

TanamSromlobis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul jgufSi

TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 91%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 9%-ma. gogonebis

jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 94%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 6%-ma.

vaJebis jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo 88%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 12%-ma.

sakontrolo jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 43%-ma, ver SesZlo 57%-

ma. gogonebis jgufebSi TanamSromloba moswavleTa 50%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo

50%-ma. vaJebis jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo 36%-ma, ver SesZlo 64%-ma.


X2=32,995. p=0,000. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa, rasac adgili ar

hqonia seqtembris monacemebSi (ix. cxrili #21).

115


cxrili #21

absoluturi

sixSire

fardobiTi

sixSire

hi-kvadrat

kriteriumisandooba

jgufi

ar

arisaris sul ar aris

ari

sX2=32.955 Pp=0.000

saeqsperimento

gogonebi 4 60 64 6% 94%

SeniSvna:

saeqsperimento da

sakontrolo

jgufebs Soris

gansxvaveba sandoa.

biWebi 7 51 58 12% 88%

erTad 11 111 122 9% 91%


biWebi 37 21 58 64% 36%

erTad

69 53 122 57% 43%

nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom

eqsperimentul jgufSi nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 97%-ma SesZlo, vaJebis

jgufSi ver gaarTva davalebas Tavi 3%-ma. gogonebis jgufSi nimuSis

mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo 100%-ma, vaJebis jgufSi 93%-ma SesZlo

davalebis warmatebiT Sesruleba, ver SesZlo mxolod 7%-ma.

sakontrolo jgufSi 86%-ma SesZlo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba, ver

SesZlo mxolod 14%-ma. gogonebs Soris nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba

SesZlo moswavleTaA89%-ma, ver SesZlo 11%-ma. vaJebs Soris nimuSis

mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo 83%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 17%-ma.

eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis Sedarebisas ki miviReT:

(X2=2,924; p>0,05). mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sando ar aris.

mocemuli unari TiTqmis Tanabrad erTnairia rogorc sakontrolo, ise

eqsperimentul jgufSi (ix. cxrili #22)

116


cxrili #22

absoluturi

sixSire

fardobiTi

sixSire

hi-kvadrat

kriteri-

umi

sando-

oba

jgufi

ar

arisaris sul

ar

arisaris X2=2.924 Pp>0.05

saeqsperi-

mento

gogonebi 0 64 64 0% 100% SeniSvna:

saeqsperimento da

sakontrolo

jgufebs Soris

gansxvaveba sando

ar aris.

biWebi 4 54 58 7% 93%

erTad 4 118 122 3% 97%

sakont-

rolo

gogonebi 7 57 64 11% 89%

biWebi 10 48 58 17% 83%

erTad 17 105 122 14% 86%

wesebis dacvis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul

jgufSi wesebis mixedviT moqmedeba SesZlo moswavleTa 70%-ma, ver

SesZlo mxolod 30%-ma. gogonebs Soris wesebis mixedviT moqmedeba 80%-

ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo 20%-ma. vaJebs Soris 60%-ma SesZlo, ver SesZlo

40%-ma.

sakontrolo jgufSi ki wesebis mixedviT moqmedeba 42%-ma SesZlo,

ver SesZlo 58%-ma. gogonebis jgufSi wesebis dacva SesZlo 52%-ma, ver

SesZlo 48%-ma. vaJebis jgufSi ki wesebis dacva 31%-ma SesZlo, ver

SesZlo mxolod 69%-ma. sakontrolo da eqsperimentuli jgufebis

Sedarebisas ki miviReT: (X2=10,040; p=0,0000). mocemul jgufebs Soris

gansxvaveba sandoa (cxrili #23)

117


cxrili #23

absoluturi sixSire

fardobiTi

sixSire

hi-kvadrat

kriteriumi

sandooba


X2=10.040 Pp=0.000


saeqsperimento da

sakontrolo jgufebs

Soris gansxvaveba

sandoa.

biWebi 23 35 58 40% 60%

erTad 36 86 122 30% 70%


biWebi 40 18 58 69% 31%

erTad 71 51 122 58% 42%

pirvelklaselebi isev davyaviT asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT.

eqsperimentul jgufTa inteleqtualuri mzaobis kvleviT miviReT, rom 5

wlianTa 91% aRmoCnda inteleqtualurad mzad, 9% ar aRmoCnda. 6

wlianebTan 96% aRmoCnda inteleqtualurad mzad, ar aRmoCnda 4%. 7

wlianebTan 80% mzad aRmoCnda, ar aRmoCnda 20%. sakontrolo jgufSi: 5

wlianebTan inteleqtualurad mzad 48% aRmoCnda, ar aRmoCnda 52%.

6 wlianebTan 31% ar aRmoCnda mzad, xolo inteleqtualurad mzad

69% aRmoCnda. 7 wlianTa jgufSi mzad ar aRmoCnda 17%, xolo mzad 83%

aRmoCnda (ix. cxrili #24)

118

saswavlo wlis bolos (maisSi) miRebuli Sedegebi

inteleqtualuri mzaoba

cxrili #24


sixSire



6 weli 4 85 89 4% 96%

7 weli 2 8 10 20% 80%


6 weli 28 63 91 31% 69%

7 weli 1 5 6 17% 83%



5 da 6, 7 wlianTa jgufis SedarebiT miviReT, rom eqsperimentul

jgufSi X2=0,636; Pp<0,05. (mocemul SemTxvevaSi am or jgufs Soris

gansxvaveba sandoa, sakontrolo jgufSi ki X2=3, 868; Pp<0,05.

6 da 7 wlianebis Sedarebisas eqsperimentul jgufSi miviReT

X2=2,987; p<0,05.

mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa. sakintrolo jgufSi

X2=0,534; p>0,05.

am SemTxvevaSi am or asakobriv jgufSi ar dafiqsirda saTanado

gansxvaveba.

miuxedavad eqsperimentul jgufSi 5 wlianebis monacemebis

gaujobesebisa, gansxvaveba inteleqtualur mzaobis mxriv 5 da 6, 7 wlian

bavSvebs Soris mainc dafiqsirda.

dominanturi motivis kvlevisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentuli

jgufis 5 wlianebTan swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoCnda 96%-s, xolo

TamaSis motivi mxolod 4%-s.

6 wlianebTan swavlis motivi dominanturi kvlav aRmoCnda 96%,

xolo 4%-s aRmoCnda TamaSis motivi dominanturi.

119

7 wlianTa A100%-s dominanturi swavlis motivi aRmoaCnda.

eqsperimentuli jgufis 5 wlianebTan dominanturi swavlis motivi

moswavleTa 72%-s aRmoaCnda, xolo 28%-s aRmoaCnda TamaSis motivi. 6

wlianebis 68%-s dominanturi swavlis motivi aRmoaCnda, xolo TamaSis

motivi mxolod 32%-s aRmoCnda dominanturi.

7 wlianTa jgufTan swavlis motivi dominanturi aRmoCnda 33%-

isaTvis, TamaSis motivi _ 67%-isaTvis. (mocemuli Seusabamobis mizezi 7

wlianTa jgufis simcireSi mdgomareobs (sul 6 bavSvi iyo da aqedan 4-s

hiperaqtiurobis sindromi aqvs dasmuli diagnoziT) (ix. cxrili #25)


cxrili #25


sixSire



6 weli 4 85 89 4% 96%

7 weli 0 10 10 0% 100%


6 weli 29 62 91 32% 68%

7 weli 4 2 6 67% 33%



5 da 6, 7 wlianebis Sedarebisas eqsperimentul jgufSi miviReT, rom

X2=0,001; Pp<0,05. mocemul SeTxvevaSi am jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba

sandoa. sakontrolo jgufSi ki X2=0,137; Pp>0,05. gansxvaveba sando ar

aris.

TanamSromlobis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom:

eqsperimentuli jgufebis xuTwlianebSi TanamSromloba SesZlo

moswavleTa 96%-ma, ver SesZlo mxolod 4%-ma.

120

6 wlianebis jgufSi TanamSromloba SesZlo moswavleTa 89%-ma, ver

SesZlo mxolod 11%-ma. 7 wlianTaA 100%-ma SesZlo TanamSromloba.

sakontrolo jgufis 5 wlianebTan TanamSromloba SesZlo 32%-ma, ver

SesZlo 68%-ma. 6 wlianTa jgufSi ki 49%-ma SesZlo TanamSromloba, ver

SesZlo 51%-ma. 7 wlianebis 100%-ma ver SesZlo TanamSromloba

(hiperaqtiurobis sindromi) (ix. cxrili #26)


cxrili #26




6 weli 10 79 89 11% 89%

7 weli 0 10 10 0% 100%


6 weli 46 45 91 51% 49%

7 weli 6 0 6 100% 0%



5 da 6, 7 wlianebis jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom

eqsperimentul jgufSi X2=0,979; Pp<0,05. amitom, mocemul jgufebs Soris

gansxvaveba sandoa, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi X2=2,407; Pp>0,05.

gansxvaveba sando ar aris. miuxedavad imisa, rom 5 wlianebTan

eqsperimentul jgufSi moxda monacemebis gaumjobeseba, es jgufi mainc

sagrZnoblad CamorCeba 6 da 7 wlianebis jgufs.

6 da 7 wlian bavSvebTan eqsperimentul jgufSi X2=13,222; p=0,000.

gansxvaveba sandoa, 7 wlianebTan ufro kargi monacemebia, xolo

sakontrolo jgufSi X2=5,535; Pp<0,02. mocemul jgufSi gansxvaveba

sandoa, oRond amis mizezi sakontrolo jgufis 7 wlianebis simcire da

bavSvTa hiperaqtiurobis sindromia.

nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom 5

wlianTa eqsperimentul jgufSi nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba 100%-ma

121

SesZlo, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi 80%-ma SesZlo, 20%-ma ver gaarTva

Tavi mocemul davalebas.

6 wlianebTan eqsperimentul jgufSi warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi

davalebas 97%-ma, ver gaarTva 3%-ma. sakontrolo jgufSi ki mxolod

88%-ma gaarTva Tavi davalebas, ver gaarTva Tavi 12%-ma. 7 wlianebis

jgufSi 90%-ma jgufSi warmatebiT gaarTva davalebas Tavi, xolo ver

gaarTva 10%-ma. sakontrolo jgufis 83%-ma gaarTva Tavi, ver gaarTva

Tavi 17%-ma (ix. cxrili #27)


cxrili #27




eqsperimentul jgufSi X2=7,97; pP<0,05. mocemul SemTxvevaSi jgufebs

Soris gansxvaveba sandoa, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi X2=1,033; Pp>0,05.

gansxvaveba sando ar aris. sakontrolo jgufis bavSvebs askobrivi

sxvaobebis miuxedavad TiTqmis erTnairi monacemebi aqvT.

6 da 7 wliani bavSvebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom eqsperimentul

jgufSi X2=6,503; Pp<0,05. mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa,

xolo sakontrolo jgufSi gansxvaveba sando ar aris. mocemul

asakobriv jgufebs TiTqmis erTnairi monacemebi aqvT.

wesis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas miviReT, rom

eqsperimentuli jgufis 5wlianebs Soris wesis mixedviT moqmedeba 61%-ma




6 weli 3 86 89 3% 97%

7 weli 1 9 10 10% 90%


6 weli 11 80 91 12% 88%

7 weli 1 5 6 17% 83%

122

SesZlo, mxolod 39%-ma ver SesZlo. sakontrolo jgufSi ki 20%-ma

SesZlo, ver SesZlo 80%-ma.

6 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi wesis gaTvaliswineba SesZlo

moswavleTa 72%-ma, ver SesZlo 28%-ma. sakontrolo jgufSi ki ver

SesZlo 53%-ma moswavleebisa, SesZlo mxolod 47%-ma.

7 wlianebis eqsperimentul jgufSi wesis mixedviT 80%-ma SesZlo,

xolo 20%-ma davalebas ver gaarTva Tavi. sakontrolo jgufSi davalebas

Tavi gaarTva 50%-ma, xolo 50%-ma ver SesZlo daavalebis Sesruleba (ix.

cxrili #28).


cxrili #28




eqsperimentul jgufSi X2=1,654; Pp<0,05. maT Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.

miuxedavad imisa, rom eqsperimentuli jgufis 5 wlianebma ukeT gaarTves

Tavi davalebas, vidre sakontrolo jgufis mocemuli asakis bavSvebma, 6

da 7 wlianebis upiratesoba udavoa; sakontrolo jgufSi X2=6,005;

Pp<0,01.

6 da 7 wliani bavSvebis Sedarebisas ki eqsperimentul jgufSi

X2=11,014; gansxvaveba sandoa, xolo sakontrolo jgufSi X2=0,017;

pP>0,05. gansxvaveba sando ar aris.




6 weli 25 64 89 28% 72%

7 weli 2 8 10 20% 80%


6 weli 48 43 91 53% 47%

7 weli 3 3 6 50% 50%

123

2. 3. korelacia seqtembrisa da maisis monacemebs Soris

eqsperimentul jgufSi inteleqtualuri mzaobis kvlevis dros

seqtembrisa da maisis maCveneblebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom r=0,730,

dominanturi motivebis kvlevisas ki miviReT, rom r=0,172, TanmSromlobis

unaris monacemebis Sedarebisas _ r=0,241.

nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris monacemebis Sedarebisas r=0,117,

xolo wesis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevisas r=0,410.

sakontrolo jgufSi inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebis

Sedarebisas miviReT: r=0,896; dominanturi motivis kvlevis monacemebis

Sedarebisas _ r=0,641; TanamSromlobis unaris monacemebis Sedarebebisas

_ r=0,719; nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris monacemebis Sedarebisas _

r=0,506; wesis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaobisas _ r=0,599.

udavoa, rom sakontrolo jgufSi fiqsirdeba maRali korelacia

seqtembersa da maisSi miRebul monacemebs Soris, xolo eqsperimentuli

jgufis moswavleeebs Soris korelacia sakmaod dabalia (ix. cxrili

#29).

korelacia (seqtembrisa da maisis maCveneblebs Soris)

cxrili #29

jgufi

mzaoba

pirveli

meTodika

meore

meTodika

mesame

meTodika

meoTxe

meTodika

saeqsperto 0.730 0.127 0.241 0.117 0.410

0.000 0.058 0.008 0.199 0.000

sakontrolo 0.896 0.641 0.719 0.506 0.599

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

amis Semdeg pirvelklaselebi davyaviT asakobrivi jgufis mixedviT,

miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi: (ix. cxrili #30)

124

korelacia seqtembris da maisis maCveneblebs Soris asakobrivi

jgufebis mixedviT

cxrili #30

jgufi asaki mzaoba

dominan-

turi

motivebi

TanamSrom-

lobis

unari

nimuSis

mixedviT

moqmedebis

unari

wesebis

mixedviT

moqmedebis

unari

eqsperi-

mentuli

5 0,371 0,183 0,127 0,375 0,247

6 0,754 0,312 0,267 0,165 0,412

7 0,874 0,764 0,527 0,468 0,612

sakont-

rolo

5 0,870 0,686 0,728 0,375 0,408

6 0,897 0,855 0,698 0,527 0,632

7 0,869 0,632

mocemul SemTxvevaSic dafiqsirda sakontrolo jgufSi ufro

maRali korelacia seqtembersa da maisSi Catarebul monacemebs Soris,

vidre eqsperimentul jgufebSi. 5 wlianebTan yvelaze dabalia korelacia

seqtembersa da maisSi miRebul Sedegebs Soris. e.i. mocemuli meTodika

efeqturi aRmoCnda 5 wlianebis jgufisaTvis. SedarebiT maRali

korelacia daafiqsirda saskolo inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebs

Soris da nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvlevis monacemebs Soris,

saerTod ar dafiqsirda korelacia TanamSromlobis unarsa da wesebis

gaTvaliswinebiT muSaobis unars Soris. 5 wlianebTan nimuSis mixedviT

muSaobis unari marTalia gavarjiSda, magram ufros bavSvebTan mocemuli

unari ukeTesia (rac fiziologiuri TaviseburebiTaa gamowveuli).

sakontrolo jgufSi ki 5 wlianebTan yvelaze maRali korelacia

aris inteleqtualurad mzaobasa da dominantur motivs Soris. xolo

SedarebiT dabali _ nimuSis mixedviT muSaobis unaris monacemebs Soris.

mocemuli unaris gaumjobeseba dafiqsirda sakontrolo jgufSic.

125

6 wlianebTan SedarebiT maRali korelacia dafiqsirda

inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebs Soris, xolo yvelaze dabali

korelacia ki nimuSis mixedviT muSaobis unars Soris. mocemuli unari

yvelaze metad swored 6 wlianebTan ganviTarda. (swored 6 weli aris

senzitiuri periodi wvrili motorikis ganviTarebisaTvis.)

7 wlianebTan SedarebiT maRali korelacia seqtembrisa da maisis

monacemebs Soris dafiqsirda inteleqtualuri mzaobisa da dominanturi

motivebis kvlevis monacemebs Soris, yvelaze dabali ki nimuSis mixedviT

muSaobis unars Soris. 7 wlianebis umravlesoba mzad iyo seqtemberSi

inteleqtualurad skolisaTvis, maT umravlesobas dominanturi swavlis

motivi hqondaT. amiT aixsneba maRali kavSiri seqtembris da maisis

monacemebs Soris. xolo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis unari (romelic

moiazrebs wvrili motorikis ganviTarebas, nebismier yuradRebas)

mocemuli 8 Tvis ganmavlobaSi gavarjiSda.

6 wlianebTan sakmaod maRalia korelacia seqtembersa da maisis

monacemebs Soris. maTgan yvelaze maRalia korelacia inteleqtualuri

mzaobis monacemebs Soris. SedarebiT dabali korelacia nimuSis

mixedviT muSaobis unaris monacemebis Sedarebisas miviReT. mocemuli

unari sagrZnoblad gaumjobesebulia 6 wlianTa jgufebSic.

7 wlianebTan aseve maRali korelaciaa dafiqsirebuli seqtembrisa

da maisis monacemebs Soris. miRebuli Sedegebis analizis safuZvelze

SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom seqtembersa da maisis monacemebis Sedareba

gviCvenebs, rom g. vitclakis testisa da n. gutkinas mier SemuSavebuli

programis monacemebTa Soris maRalia korelacia sakontrolo jgufebSi.

xolo eqsperimentul jgufSi korelacia an Zalian dabalia, an saerTod

ar aris. mniSvnelovani cvlileba aris 5 wlianTa jgufSi. rogorc Cans

Cvens mier SemuSavebuli programa aRmoCnda Zalian efeqturi 5 wlianebis

jgufisaTvis. gamowveulia Tu ara mocemuli sxvaobebi korelaciebs

Soris zemoTCamoTvlili aqtivobebiT? Catarebuli kvlevis

safuZvelze miviReT, rom:

126

marTlac dafiqsirda mniSvnelovani sxvaobebi eqsperimentul da

sakontrolo jgufebs Soris. mocemuli gansxvaveba eqsperimentul

jgufSi miRebuli monacemebis gaumjobesebiTaa gamowveuli. (ix. cxrili

#31).

mzaoba

dominan-

turi

motivis

kvleva

TanamSrom-

lobis

unaris

kvleva

nimuSis mixed-

viT moqmedebis

unaris

kvleva

wesebis mixed.

moqmedebis

unaris

kvleva

sul

jgu

-fisxvaoba abs % abs % abs % abs % abs % abs %

saeqsper

imento

monacemebi

gauaresda 00 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0,3

monace-

mebi igive

darCa

81 66 77 63 56 46 71 58 71 58 356 38

127

Cvens mier Catarebuli aqtivobebis Sedegad moswavleTa

umravlesobas gauumjobesda saskolo inteleqtualuri mzaobis

monacemebi. umravlesobisaTvis wamyvani aRmoCnda saskolo motivi.

moswavleebs ganuviTardaT TanamSromlobis unari rogorc

ufrosebTan, ise TanatolebTan, xolo nimuSis mixedviT moqmedebis

unaris kvlevisas dafiqsirda SedarebiT mcire gaumjobeseba.

mesame klasSi Sefasebis sistemaze gadasvlam SesaZlebloba mogvca

erTmaneTisaTvis Sgvedarebina eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebi

akademiuri moswrebis TvalsazrisiT. skolaSi, sadac kvlevas vatarebdiT

Sefasebis sistema 10 baliania. akademiuri moswrebis kriteriumad kvlav

aviReT saSualo moswreba 3 sagnis mixedviT (mSobliuri ena, maTemetika,

ucxo ena). miRebuli Sedegebi moyvanilia cxrilSi (ix. cxrili #32).

inteleqtualuri mzaoba da akademiuri moswreba

cxrili #32

monacemebi

gaumjo-

besda

41 34 44 36 66 54 50 41 51 42 254 41

sako

ntrolo

monace-

mebi

gauaresda

2 2 1 1 4 3 1 1 0 0 8 1

monacemebi

igive

darCa

111 91 97 80 105 86 95 78 96 79 504 85

monacemebi

gaumjo-

besda

9 7 24 20 10 11 26 21 26 21 58 10

mzaobadominan-turi

motiviskvleva

TanamSrom-lobis unariskvleva

nimuSis mixed-viT moqmedebis

unariskvleva

wesebis mixed.moqmedebis unariskvleva

sul

jgu-fi

sxvaoba abs % abs % abs % abs % abs % abs %

128

rogorc cxrilidan Cans, skolisaTvis moumwifebelbavSvebs Soris

eqsperimentuli jgufSi Sefaseba 6-s Rebulobs moswavleTa 6%, 7-s _ 43%,

8-s _ 43%, 9-s mxolod 8%.

skolisTvis momwifebul bavSvebs Soris Sefaseba 6-s 0% Rebulobs,

7-s _ 3%, 8-s _ 45%, 9-s _ 51%, xolo 10-s _ 1%.

sakontrolo jgufis skolisTvis moumwifebel bavSvebs Soris

Sefaseba 6-s Rebulobs moswavleTa 59%, 7-s _ 31%, 8-s _ 6%, xolo 9-s

mxolod 4%.

skolisaTvis momwifebuli bavSvebs Soris 6-s Rebulobs 3%,7-s _

16%, 8-s _ 53%, 9-s _ 27%, xolo 10-s _ 1%.

saeqsperimento da sakontrolo jgufis skolisaTvis moumwifebeli

bavSvebis monacemebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=486,651; Pp=0,000.

mocemul jgufTanac gansxvaveba sandoa, xolo saeqsperimento da

sakontrolo jgufis momwifebul bavSvTa monacemebis Sedarebisas

miviReT, rom X2=73,006; Pp=0,000. mocemul jgufebTan gansxvaveba sandoa.

aseve gamovyaviT 5 wlianebis jgufi (visac 6 weli seqtembris Semdeg

SeusruldaT). aseT eqsperimentul jgufSi 23 bavSvi gvyavda, maTgan 17 ar iyo mzad

inteleqtualurad skolaSi saswavleblad, xolo 7 bavSvi iyo mzad.

eqsperimentul jgufSi 25 xuTwliani moswavle gvyavda. maTgan 15 ar iyo

mzad, xolo 10 inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda.

gvainteresebda, aris Tu aris gansxvaveba akademiur warmatebebs Soris

sakontrolo da eqsperimentul jgufebs Soris.

amisaTvis eqsperimentuli jgufis monacemebi SevadareT sakontrolo jgufis

monacemebs (ix. cxrili #33)

saeqsper

imento

monacemebi gauaresda 0

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0,3

monace-mebi igive darCa

81 66 77 63 56 46 71 58 71 58 356 38

monacemebi gaumjo-besda

41 34 44 36 66 54 50 41 51 42 254 41

sako

ntrolo

monace-mebi

gauaresda2 2 1 1 4 3 1 1 0 0 8 1

monacemebi igive darCa

111 91 97 80 105 86 95 78 96 79 504 85

monacemebi gaumjo-besda

9 7 24 20 10 11 26 21 26 21 58 10

129

inteleqtualuri mzaoba da akademiuri moswreba xuTwlianebis jgufSi

cxrili #33

6 7 8 9 10 sul

abs % abs % abs % abs % abs %

eqsperimentuli

jgufi1 4 7 30 10 44 5 22 0 0 23

sakontrolo

jgufi8 32 8 32 6 24 3 12 0 25

X2=6,2 p<0,05

eqsperimentul da sakontrolo jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.

eqsperimentuli jgufis xuTwlianebs ukeTesi niSnebi aqvT sakontrolo

jgufis xuTwlianebTan SedarebiT. (ix. cxrili #34)

akademiuri moswreba xuTwlianebis jgufSi

cxrili #34

6 7 8 9 10 sul

eqsperimentuli

inteleqtualurad

moumwifebeli1 7 6 2 0 16

momwifebuli 0 0 4 3 0 7

sakontrolo

inteleqtualurad

moumwifebeli7 4 3 1 0 15

momwifebuli 1 4 3 2 0 10

eqsperimentuli jgufis inteleqtualurad momwifebul da moumwifebel

bavSvebs Soris X2=6,1; p<0,05 (mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa). sakontrolo

jgufSi inteleqtualurad momwifebul da moumwifebel bavSvebs Soris X2=7,2; p<0,05

(mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa). amis Semdeg SevadareT eqsperimentuli

da sakontrolo jgufis skolisaTvis moumwifebeli bavSvebi erTmaneTs. X2=7,2; p<0,05

(mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa). xolo eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo

jgufis skolisaTvis momwifebuli bavSvebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=5,85; p<0,05.

(mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa). xolo eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo

jgufebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom X2=9,1; p<0,05 (mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba

sandoa).Cvens mier Catarebuli aqtivobebi aisaxa 5 wlianTa saskolo warmatebebze,

rogorc xuTwlianTa skolisaTvis moumwifebel, ise momwifebul bavSvebze.

130

1999 wels Cvens mier Catarebuli iqna kvleva, “saskolo warmatebebze

asakobrivi sxvaobebis gavlena”. erTmaneTs vadarebdiT ianvridan ivnisis

CaTvliT dabadebul bavSvebs ivlisidan dekembris CaTvliT dabadebul

bavSvebTan. dadgenil iqna, rom V klasis CaTvliT Tavs iCens saskolo

warmatebebze asakobrivi sxvaobis gavlena, “didi bavSvebi” ufro

warmatebulebi arian, vidre “patarebi”. amitom, Catarebuli gamokvlevebis

Semdeg “didi bavSvebis jgufi” isev SevadareT “patara baSvebis jgufs”.

miviReT Semdegi Sedegi (ix. cxrili #35)

asakobrivi sxvaobis gavlena akademiur moswrebaze

cxrili #35

asakob

rivi

jgufe

bi

sul

abs % abs % abs % abs % abs %

eqsperimentuli

jgufi

“patar

ebis”1 4 7 30 10 44 5 0 0 23

“dideb

is”2 2 16 16 42 43 38 1 99

sakont

rolo

jgufi

“patar

ebis”3 32 8 32 6 24 3 0 0 25

“dideb

is”4 23 19 20 37 38 18 0 0 96

eqsperimentuli jgufisaTvis X2=4,55; p<0,05 (mocemul jgufebs

Soris gansxvaveba sandoa), xolo sakontrolo jgufisaTvis X2=4,3; p<0,05

(mocemul jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa).

miuxedavad imisa, rom Cvens mier Catarebuli aqtivobebi aisaxa 5

wlianTa saskolo warmatebebze, 5 wlianebi mainc CamorCebian 6 wlianebs

saskolo warmatebebis mixedviT. Cven SevadareT eqsperimentuli jgufis

“didi bavSvebis” jgufi (ianvridan ivnisis CaTvliT dabadebulebi)

“patara bavSvebis” jgufs (ivnisidan dekembris CaTvliT dabadebulebs).

131

davadgineT, rom maT Soris mainc SenarCunebulia asakobrivi sxvaobebis

gavlena akademiur warmatebebze.

calke gamovyaviT skolisaTvis inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli

bavSvebis jgufi, vinaidan inteleqtualuri mzaobis monacemebs da

dominanturi motivis, TanamSromlobis unaris, nimuSisa da wesebis

mixedviT muSaobis monacemebs Soris maRali korelacia miviReT,

skolisaTvis moumwifebeli bavSvebis jgufi mxolod inteleqtualuri

mzaobis parametrad SevarCieT. eqsperimentul da sakontrolo jgufebSi

skolisaTvis moumwifebeli bavSvebis Tanabari raodenoba gvyavda,

ToToeulSi 49 bavSvi (cxrili #36)

korelacia seqtembris da maisis maCveneblebs Soris skolisaTvis

inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli moswavleebis jgufisaTvis

cxrili #36

jgufi

inteleqtua

l-uri

mzaoba

dominanturi

motivis kvleva

TanamSrom

-lobis

una-ris

kvleva

nimuSis

mixedviT

muSaobis

unaris

kvleva

wesebis

mixedviT

muSaobis

unari

eqsperime

-ntuli0,65 0,351 0,298 0,291 0,543

sakont-

rolo0,996 0,876 0,819 0,665 0,789

sakontrolo jgufSi ufro maRali korelacia dafiqsirda maissa da

seqtemberSi Catarebuli kvlevebis monacemebs Soris. amis Semdeg skolisaTvis

moumwifebeli bavSvebis jgufi davyaviT asakobriv jgufebad. miviReT: skolisaTvis

moumwifebeli bavSvebis asakobriv jgufebad dayofisas miviReT, rom sakontrolo

jgufSi korelacia ufro maRalia, vidre eqsperimentul jgufSi (ix. cxrili #37)

korelacia seqtembrisa da maisis maCveneblebs Soris skolisaTvis

inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli moswavleebis jgufisaTvis asakis

mixedviT

cxrili #37

132

jgufi

inteleq-

tualuri

mzaoba

dominantu-

ri motive-

bis kvleva

TanamSrom-

lobis

unaris

kvleva

nimuSis

mixedviT

muSaobis

unari

wesebis

mixedviT

muSaobis

unari

saeqspe

-rimen-

to

5 w 0,271 0,283 0,111 0,276 0,247

6 w 0,454 0,312 0,268 0,205 0,412

7 w 0,385 0,465 0,527 0,408 0,611

sakont

-rolo

5 w 0,864 0,786 0,721 0,475 0,508

6 w 0,896 0,855 0,758 0,636 0,613

7 w 0,869 0,632 0,752 0,832 0,891

gamowveulia Tu ara eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis

seqtembersa da maisSi Catarebuli kvlevebis monacemebis korelacias Soris

sxvaobebi Cvens mier Catarebuli aqtivobebiT. Cvens mier Catarebuli kvlevis

Sedegad miviReT Semdegi Sedegebi _ (ixileT cxrili # 38)

inteleq-

tualuri

mzaoba

dominan-

tu-ri

motivebis

kvleva

Tanam-

Sromlo-

bis

unaris

kvleva

nimuSis

mixedviT

muSaobis

unaris

kvleva

wesis

mixedviT

muSaobis

unaris

kvleva

jgu

fi

sxvaoba abs % abs % abs % abs % abs %X2=2512,8

p=0,000

imentu

li

monacemebi

gauaresda0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 2

mocemul

jgufebs

133

monacemebi

igive darCa32 65 37 76 29 59 40 82 29 60

Soris

gansxvaveba

sandoamonacemebi

gaumjo-

besda18 35 11 22 20 41 9 18 20 40

sako

ntrolo

monacemebi

gauaresda 2 4 1 2 9 6 1 2 0 0

monacemebi

igive darCa38 78 38 78 43 88 42 84 40 88

monacemebi

gaumjobesd

a

9 18 10 20 3 6 7 14 9 18

eqsperimentul jgufSi z=13,49>1,97 p=0,000.

sakontrolo jgufSi z=8,75>1,97 p=0,000

maSasadame, eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis monacemebs

Soris sxvaobebi eqsperimentuli jgufebis monacemebis gaumjobesebiTaa

gamowveuli.

SemogTavazebT Cvens mier miRebuli Sedegebis analizs:

mocemulma kvlevam daadastura Cveni hipoTeza imis Sesaxeb, rom

pirvelklaselTa garkveuli nawili (gansakuTrebiT 5 wliani bavSvebis

jgufi) ar aris mzad skolisaTvis. rogorc ukve avRniSneT, saskolo

mzaoba gulisxmobs fizikur, inteleqtualur, socialur-pirovnul

mzaobas. skolisaTvis moumwifebloba ki Semdegi mizezebiTaa gamowveuli:

1) ganviTarebis Seferxeba;

2) pedagogiuri CamorCena;

3) c.n.s-is adreuli dazianeba;

4) garemos da aRzrdis ukmarisoba;

5) janmrTelobis problemebi.

vinaidan TiToeul bavSvs ganviTarebis sakuTari istoria aqvs,

amitom mocemuli faqtorebis arseboba gavlenas axdens maT skolisaTvis

moumwifeblobaze.

134

Tu gavixsenebT im faqtsac, rom gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi

ganaTlebis sistemaSi mimdinare reformis Sedegad skolaSi swavlis

dawyebis 7 wlis asaki 1 wliT iqna daweuli da 7 wlis bavSvis fsiqikur

Taviseburebebze gaTvlili programa 6 wlianebze meqanikurad iqna

gadatanili. arada, swored 7 wlis asakSi xdeba mniSvnelovani Zvrebi

bavSvis fizikur, inteleqtualur (vigotski 1982 : 376-386)

81.(piaJe 1994 : 680), socialur sferoSi, xolo 5-6 wlis asaki asakobrivi

periodizaciis Teoriebis Tanaxmad skolamdel periods miekuTvneba.

gasakviri sulac ar aris, rom 5 wliani bavSvebis 67% skolisaTvis

moumwifebelia.

Cvens mier Catarebuli gamokvlevebis Sedegad aseve dadginda, rom

moswavleebs, romlebic mzad arian inteleqtualuri TvalsazrisiT

skolisTvis wamyvani swavlis motivi aqvT, rasac safuZvlad

TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, maswavleblis interesebis gageba,

muSaobis wesebis gaTvaliswineba da nimuSiT xelmZRvanelobis unari

udevs, xolo skolisaTvis moumwifebel moswavleebs wamyvani TamaSis

motivi aqvT. maT uWirT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, wesebis dacviT

muSaoba da muSaobisas nimuSiT xelmZRvaneloba.

miRebuli Sedegebi Semdegi mizezebiTaa gamowveuli: swavlis

motivebi 2 jgufisagan Sedgeba. pirvel jgufs miekuTvneba saswavlo

saqmianobasTan uSualod dakavSirebuli motivebi. esenia bavSvis

SemecnebiTi interesebi da inteleqtualuri aqtivobis moTxovnileba.

xolo motivebis mere jgufs swavlis farTo socialuri motivebi

warmoadgens – romelic ufrosebTan urTierTobas da maTgan Seqebis

miRebis moTxovnilebas moicavs.

aqedan gamomdinare bunebrivia, rom maRali inteleqtis bavSvs

SemecnebiTi interesebi da inteleqtualuri aqtivobis moTxovnileba

ufro mkafiod aqvs gamoxatuli. rac Seexeba saskolo inteleqtualuri

mzaobis donis gavlenas TanamSromlobis unaris ganviTarebis doneze,

mocemuli Sedegi mTlianad emTxveva e. kravcovas Teorias saskolo

mzaobis Sesaxeb, romelic mzaobis kriteriumad urTierTobis sferos

ganviTarebas miiCnevs. e. kravcova gamohyofs urTierTobis sferos 3

komponents: damokidebulebas ufrosebTan, TanatolebTan, sakuTar TavTan

135

da miiCnevs, rom TanamSromlobisa da kooperaciis kargi unari maRali

inteleqtiTaa ganpirobebuli. mocemuli Sexeduleba exmaureba Hh.

garneris mosazrebas (garneri 2001 : 215), romelic inter- da

intrapersonalur inteleqts zogadi inteleqtis Semadgenel komponentad

moiazrebs.

nimuSis mixedviT da wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaobis unaris

kavSirs saskolo inteleqtualur mzaobasTan Semdegnairad vxsniT.

nimuSis mixedviT moqmedeba moiazrebs yuradRebis koncentraciis

garkveul dones, sivrcis aRTqmas, sensomotorul koordinacias

motorikis ganviTarebas, xolo wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaoba

nebismieri yuradRebis, nebismieri mexsierebisa da azrovnebis garkveul

dones. inteleqtis bunebis mkvlevari mecnierebis mier SemuSavebuli

inteleqtis sazomi testebi ki swored mocemul funqciebs ikvlevs.

amitom am davalebebis Sesrulebas Soris kavSiri calsaxaa.

rac Seexeba moumwifebeli fsiqikuri funqciis ganviTarebis sakiTxs,

Cvens mier SemuSavebuli ganmaviTarebeli programa bavSvis ufrosebTan

urTierTobis, maTTan Sexebisa da aRiarebis miRebis, axali

STabeWdilebebisa da Sejibris situaciaSi mogebis moTxovnilebas

efuZneboda. amasTanave, SejibrSi gamarjvebas Tan axlavs dadebiTi

emociuri muxti.

ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis dros bavSvebi mocemuli

moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas sakuTari Zalebis aqtivaciiTa da

davalebis sworad Sesrulebis Sedegad axdenen (konovalenko 2004 : 207,

fomiCeva, xodori 1978 : 44-52)

.

TandaTan Seqebis miRebis, gamarjvebis moTxovnilebam adgili axali

STabeWdilebis miRebis moTxovnilebas dauTmo da sabolood SemecnebiTi

moTxovnilebis formireba moxda.

SemecnebiTi moTxovnileba swavlis motivis Semadgeneli nawilia,

xolo n. gutkinas mosazrebis Tanaxmad, Tu bavSvSi interess gamovwvevT,

maSin mexsierebisa da yuradRebis problemebi aRar vlindeba (Tu saqme

ara gvaqvs mocemul funqciis paTologiur darRvevasTan).

136

Cvens mier gamokvleuli bavSvebis umravlesobam g. vitclakis testis

da n. gutkinas mier SemuSavebuli programis Sesrulebisas dabali

qulebi swored im subtestebSi miiRes, romlebic bavSvis nebismier

mexsierebasa da nebismier yuradRebas ikvlevs. amitom udavoa, rom

swavlis motivis formirebam mocemuli funqciis ganviTareba gamoiwvia.

rac Seexeba Cvens mier SemuSavebuli ganmaviTarebeli programis

gavlenas moswavleTa akademiur warmatebebze.

n. gutkina saswavlo procesSi davalebis xarisxianad Sesrulebisas

moRebul niSans TamaSis situaciaSi gamarjvebasTan aigivebs. orive

miRwevis motivs emyareba. swored amitom, Sejibrebis tipis davalebis

SesrulebiT bavSvebs gavuRviveT warmatebis miRwevis, anu kargi niSnis

miRebis survili.

aqve minda Sevexo im faqts, rom pirvelklaselTa umravlesobas

gauWirda TanatolebTan TanamSromloba da davalebis Sesrulebis

wesebis dacva.

Cvens mier gamoyenebuli wesis mixedviT moqmedebis unaris kvleva ki

sxva araferia, Tu ara Cveulebrivi verbaluri TamaSis wesebi. miuxedavad

imisa, rom skolamdeli bavSvis wamyvani motivi TamaSia, bavSvebis

umravlesobas swored am davalebis Sesruleba gauWirda.

es faqti SesaZloa Semdegi mizezebiT iyos gamowveuli:

1) saqarTveloSi macxovrebel ojaxebSi bavSvebis raodenobis

simciriT (Tanamedrove ojaxisaTvis 3 bavSvi didi iSviaTobaa).

2) skolamdeli bavSvebis umravlesoba ar TamaSobs ezoSi

TanatolebTan.

3) mSoblebis dakavebulobis gamo bavSvebis didi nawili ZiriTad

dros ZiZebTan atarebs. ZiZebis umravlesoba ki mxolod bavSvebis

movliT arian dakavebulni.

4) bavSvebi iSviaTad TamaSoben tradiciul TamaSebs.

5) tradiciuli TamaSebi (siuJetur-roluri da ganmaviTarebeli)

adgils uTmobs televizoris yurebasa da kompiuterTan TamaSs.

miuxedavad am ukanaskneli TamaSis sakmaod bevri dadebiTi

maxasiaTeblisa, bavSvi maT mainc marto TamaSobs.

137

6) mSoblebi skolamdeli bavSvebs adre rTaven sistemuri swavlebis

procesSi. iqneba es ucxo enis, cekvis Tu sportuli seqciebi, ris

gamoc bavSvebi moklebuli arian TanatolebTan TamaSs uSualo da

arasistemur garemoSi.

TanatolebTan TanamSromlobisa da muSaobis wesebis

gaTvaliswinebis unari mniSvnelovani unarebia saskolo swavlebis

procesSi. mocemuli unarebis ganviTarebis dabali doniT aris

gamowveuli is faqti, rom pirvelklaselebs uWirT saskolo reJimis

dacva, maswavleblis mier miwodebuli instruqciis gaTvaliswineba, xolo

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqtsac, rom maswavlebeli garkveul miTiTebas

ara calkeul bavSvs, aramed 20-25 bavSvs erTad aZlevs, saskolo wesebis

dacva did sirTules warmoadgens.

pirvelklaseli Tavs ver moiazrebs klasis wevrad da roca

maswavlebeli mTel klass mimarTavs. moswavleTa umravlesoba ver

acnobierebs, rom moTxovna masac exeba. xolo, radgan pirvelklaselTa

Soris skolisaTvis moumwifebeliA moswavleTa 40%-ia, es arc Tu ise

dabali maCvenebelia. Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom skolisaTvis

inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli bavSvebis umravlesobisaTvis

dominanturi TamaSis motivia, maT uWirT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba,

nimuSisa da wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaoba, pirvelklaselTa 40%-

isaTvis skolaSi Sesvla warumateblobisa da fsiqikuri travmebis

dasawyisia.

amdenad, ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis Sedegad bavSvebs

ganuviTardaT motivaciuri sfero, moqmedebis nebismieri regulaciis

unari, fsiqikuri funqciebi. yovelive es maT akademiur moswrebaze aisaxa.

III Tavi. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

daskvnebi

Cvens mier Seswavlil iqna pirvelklaselTa inteleqtualuri da

socialur-pirovnuli mzaoba. kvleva Cautarda 244 pirvelklasels,

romelTagan 128 iyo gogona, xolo 116 vaJi. maTi asaki 5-dan 7 wlamdea.

inteleqtualuri mzaoba vikvlieT g. vitclakis testiT “skolaSi

swavlebis unari, socialur-pirovnuli mzaoba” da n. gutkinas mier

138

Sedgenili programiT “6-7 wlis bavSvebis saskolo fsiqologiuri

mzaobis kvleva”.

Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad miviReT, rom:

1. g. vitclakis monacemebis mixedviT, saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi

pirvelklaselTa umravlesoba inteleqtualurad mzad aRmoCnda

skolisaTvis.

2. n. gutkinas mier Sedgenili programis mixedviT, pirvelklaselTa

umravlesobasTan dominanturi swavlis motivi aRmoCnda.


umravlesobas gauWirda TanatolebTan TanamSromloba.


umravlesobam SesZlo nimuSis mixedviT muSaoba.

5. mocemuli programis mixedviT, pirvelklaselTa umravlesobas

gauWirda wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaoba.

6. 5-wlianTa umravlesoba inteleqtualurad moumwifebeli aRmoCnda

skolisaTvis, maTTan dominanturi TamaSis motivia, maT uWirT

TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, nimuSis mixedviT muSaoba da wesebis

dacva.

7. g. vitclakis da n. gutkinas mier SemuSavebuli programebis

monacemebis Sedarebisas miviReT, rom moswavleebs, romlebic mzad

aRmoCndnen inteleqtualurad skolisTvis, wamyvani swavlis motivi

aqvT, SeuZliaT TanatolebTan TanamSromloba, wesebis

gaTvaliswineba da nimuSiT xelmZRvaneloba. xolo moswavleebs,

romlebic inteleqtualurad ar aRmoCndnen mzad skolisaTvis,

wamyvani TamaSis motivi aqvT, maT ufro uWirT TanatolebTan

TanamSromloba, wesebis dacva da nimuSiT xelmZRvaneloba.

8. moswavleebi, romlebic saskolo cxovrebis dasawyisSi ar iyvnen

mzad skolisaTvis, Semdgom klasebSi dabali akademiuri moswrebiT

gamoirCevian.

9. pirvelklaselTa fsiqologiur Taviseburebebze dayrdnobiT Cven

SevimuSaveT da davnergeT ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis programa.

mocemulma programam dadebiTad imuSava eqsperimentuli jgufis,

rogorc skolisaTvis moumwifebel, ise momwifebuli bavSvebze.

139

seqtembersa da maisSi Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegebs Soris

dafiqsirda mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba. mocemuli gansxvaveba

eqsperimentuli jgufis bavSvebis inteleqtualuri, motivaciuri,

nebelobiTi, socialuri procesebis gaumjobesebiTaa gamowveuli.

10. inteleqtualuri, motivaciuri, nebelobiTi da socialuri procesis

gaumjobeseba eqsperimentuli jgufis 5-wlian bavSvebTanac moxda.

11. eqsperimentuli jgufis bavSvebis (maT Soris 5-wlianebis)

inteleqtualuri, motivaciuri, nebelobiTi, socialuri procesebis

ganviTareba moswavleTa akademiur moswrebazec aisaxa.

rekomendacia

1. 5-wlianebis umravlesoba skolisaTvis inteleqtualuri da

socialur-pirovnuli TvalsazrisiT moumwifebelia. miuxedavad

imisa, rom Cveni programis Sedegad 5-wlianebis monacemebi

gaumjobesda, isini mainc CamorCebian inteleqtualuri mzaobis

parametriT 6 da 7-wlianebs. amitom umjobesia, skola pirvel

klasSi im bavSvebs Rebulobdes, romlebsac 6 weli 1 seqtembramde

SeusruldebaT.

2. moswavleTa swavlisa da ganviTarebisaTvis saukeTeso pirobebis Seqmnis

mizniT skolaSi fsiqologis da pedagogis TanamSromloba aucilebelia.

3. ganmaviTarebeli gakveTilebis programis efeqturobis

gaTvaliswinebiT sasurvelia mocemuli tipis gakveTilebis

danergva pirveli klasis saswavlo programaSi.

damowmebani

anastazi 1982; Анастази А. Дифференциальная психология. М.: Педагогика. 1982.

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