Communicating Communicating With TechnologiesWith Technologies

Meaningful Learning With Technology Meaningful Learning With Technology Communicating with Technologies Communicating with Technologies

Chapter 7 Chapter 7 by David Jonassen, Jane Howland, by David Jonassen, Jane Howland,

Rose M. Marra and David CrismondRose M. Marra and David Crismond

By Irvin EngleBy Irvin EngleChinara DeGrossChinara DeGross

Carrie OlsonCarrie Olson

Media Multi-taskingMedia Multi-tasking• Media multi-tasking behaviors have strong Media multi-tasking behaviors have strong

implications for the way we should think about implications for the way we should think about structure of our classrooms, curricula, and structure of our classrooms, curricula, and technology use in our schools.technology use in our schools.

CommunityCommunity• Community building is a critical Community building is a critical

element of meaningful learning.element of meaningful learning.• Engaging students in social Engaging students in social

negotiation and shared knowledge negotiation and shared knowledge building.building.

CommunicationsCommunications• The Internet and it’s related networking The Internet and it’s related networking

technologies has created communication technologies has created communication leading to learning communities. leading to learning communities.

• Linking users and institutions together Linking users and institutions together allowing all kinds of interactions to occur. allowing all kinds of interactions to occur.

• Tying students and teachers together and Tying students and teachers together and keeping them connected through the keeping them connected through the power of telecommunications tools.power of telecommunications tools.

Advantages of Exchanging Advantages of Exchanging Ideas Asynchronously Ideas Asynchronously

With Discussion BoardsWith Discussion Boards• Connects students and opens new windows Connects students and opens new windows

for learning through new ideas, cultural for learning through new ideas, cultural diversity, and unique partnerships. diversity, and unique partnerships.

• Allows more time to consider an idea and Allows more time to consider an idea and formulate powerful impressive responses formulate powerful impressive responses while experiencing a new level and freedom while experiencing a new level and freedom of participation. of participation.

• Promotes international connections and Promotes international connections and project work with the convenience of project work with the convenience of responding with others across time zones.responding with others across time zones.

• Extends conversations that enrich classroom Extends conversations that enrich classroom activity establishing a classroom community.activity establishing a classroom community.

Advantages of: Exchanging Advantages of: Exchanging Ideas Asynchronously Ideas Asynchronously

With Discussion BoardsWith Discussion Boards• Help students’ ability to work together in Help students’ ability to work together in

collaborative groups. collaborative groups. • Applications such as Applications such as Blackboard System, ,

Global Schoolhouse or or ePals have access to several have access to several integrated communication tools.integrated communication tools.

• Shapes and directs the discussion to higher quality Shapes and directs the discussion to higher quality subsequent postings. subsequent postings.

• Teachers can create new forums based on ideas that Teachers can create new forums based on ideas that emerge from existing ones involving students emerge from existing ones involving students decisions.decisions.

• Helps students to concentrate on key points, Helps students to concentrate on key points, identifying the most relevant ideas and steering the identifying the most relevant ideas and steering the direction of the conversation to maintain purpose. direction of the conversation to maintain purpose.

Advantages of:Advantages of: Exchanging Ideas Synchronously Exchanging Ideas Synchronously

with Interactive Chats and with Interactive Chats and MessagingMessaging

• Provides instant, real-time exchange of ideas.Provides instant, real-time exchange of ideas.• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is designed mainly for group Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is designed mainly for group

(many-to-many) communication in discussion forums (many-to-many) communication in discussion forums called channels as well as for one-to-one communications.called channels as well as for one-to-one communications.

• Allows anyone to post a statement to the group by typing Allows anyone to post a statement to the group by typing into a field and than clicking a button to submit the into a field and than clicking a button to submit the statement. statement.

• IRC client software is used for chat sessions such as IRC client software is used for chat sessions such as Colloquy or or mIRC etc. etc.

• Four of the largest Four of the largest IRC networks are are EFnet, , IRCnet, , QuakeNet and and Undernet (Wikipedia). One can join (Wikipedia). One can join servers by using the irc://irc.server.net:port/channel Web servers by using the irc://irc.server.net:port/channel Web linklink

Advantages of:Advantages of: Exchanging Ideas Synchronously Exchanging Ideas Synchronously

with Interactive Chats and with Interactive Chats and MessagingMessaging

• Instant Messaging (IM) is a form of real-time Instant Messaging (IM) is a form of real-time communication between two people. communication between two people.

• Client programs that support IM are Client programs that support IM are ICQ (I Seek You), (I Seek You), Yahoo! Messenger, , Skype, , Google Talk, , AOL Instant Messenger and and MSN Messenger..

• Increases communication allowing easy Increases communication allowing easy collaboration and exchange of ideas with one or collaboration and exchange of ideas with one or more individuals. more individuals.

• IM and IRC can serve as useful classroom tools for IM and IRC can serve as useful classroom tools for connecting students in real-time communications.connecting students in real-time communications.

• Community-oriented Web sites such as Community-oriented Web sites such as Tapped In, , ePals, , Global Schoolhouse and and iLearn offer offer communication tools with an element of secure communication tools with an element of secure networking. networking.

Safety Guidelines for Online Safety Guidelines for Online CommunicationsCommunications

Safety guidelines for online communication should be Safety guidelines for online communication should be used to insure good secure communication lines used to insure good secure communication lines

with other users.with other users.• Use a pseudonymUse a pseudonym• Never give out personal informationNever give out personal information• Never share passwordsNever share passwords• Never agree to meet with someoneNever agree to meet with someone• Notify your teacher of obscene or inappropriate Notify your teacher of obscene or inappropriate

messagesmessages• Be aware that someone you talk with might be Be aware that someone you talk with might be

pretending to be someone they aren’tpretending to be someone they aren’t• If someone is rude or disagreeable, ignore them If someone is rude or disagreeable, ignore them

rather than engaging in conversation.rather than engaging in conversation.

(These guidelines are from Meaningful Learning with Technology Chapter 7 page 14 figure 7.8)(These guidelines are from Meaningful Learning with Technology Chapter 7 page 14 figure 7.8)

Making Connections Making Connections Through Video Through Video ConferencingConferencing

• Interactive videoconferencingInteractive videoconferencing– Two or more locations interacting simultaneously Two or more locations interacting simultaneously

by two-way video and audio transmissionby two-way video and audio transmission– Can connect students with experts and highly Can connect students with experts and highly

trained professionals in various fieldstrained professionals in various fields– Defeats costs barriers of physical travelDefeats costs barriers of physical travel– Can serve as a bridge between school learning Can serve as a bridge between school learning

and real world experiencesand real world experiences– Technology can be achieved by use of webcams, Technology can be achieved by use of webcams,

microphones, speakers and a high-speed internet microphones, speakers and a high-speed internet connectionconnection

Making Connections Making Connections Through Video Through Video ConferencingConferencing

• Video conferencing at work– VIA Dyer

• Connected students with a weekly videoconference presentation from astronomers at Vanderbilt Dyer Observatory

• Students saw astronomy video and were able to hear narration and engage in meaningful dialogue with renowned experts

– Videoconferencing Weekly Topic Series (Year 3)• Missouri high school students used technology to further

knowledge on civics• Interacted via videoconferencing with Supreme Court

judges and a constitutional expert• Students brainstormed important topics to discuss and

opened up dialogue to hear expert opinions

Making Connections Making Connections Through Video Through Video ConferencingConferencing

• Purposes for videoconferencing– Students taking classes not offered at their school– Enrichment tutoring– Virtual field trips– Collaboration and exchange of information with other

schools– Local government hearings and court functions– And many more!

• Things to consider:– Teacher training needed on using the technologies– Student coaching on using technology appropriately– Cost of equipment– Videoconferencing is meant to be supplemental and not

substituted for in-class content

Broadcasting with Podcasts Broadcasting with Podcasts and Internet Radioand Internet Radio

• Podcasting~Podcasting~– Broadcasting audio and/or video content Broadcasting audio and/or video content

over internet sitesover internet sites– Saved as an MP3 file and made available Saved as an MP3 file and made available

over the internetover the internet– Individuals may subscribe to various Individuals may subscribe to various

Podcasts posted on sites such as iTunes, Podcasts posted on sites such as iTunes, Playpod, and Spider.Playpod, and Spider.

– Constantly expanding technology used Constantly expanding technology used in the educational fieldin the educational field

Podcasting in the Podcasting in the ClassroomClassroom

• What does it Offer?What does it Offer?– Creative and critical thinking skills for Creative and critical thinking skills for

studentsstudents– Collaboration skills in working with other Collaboration skills in working with other

to create a content-rich podcastto create a content-rich podcast– An audience for students to connect with An audience for students to connect with

outside of the classroomoutside of the classroom– Technology and ethics skills in uploading Technology and ethics skills in uploading

and locating copyright free contentand locating copyright free content– Curriculum extension to increase Curriculum extension to increase

immersion in the contentimmersion in the content

Broadcasting with Podcasts Broadcasting with Podcasts and Internet Radioand Internet Radio

Simple Steps to Podcast CreationSimple Steps to Podcast Creation1. Record an audio or video clip using a computer 1. Record an audio or video clip using a computer

with audio software and microphone set up.with audio software and microphone set up.2. Files are saved in MP3 format 2. Files are saved in MP3 format 3. Upload MP3 file to a Website hosting Podcasts 3. Upload MP3 file to a Website hosting Podcasts

such as PodcastAlley.com or PodcastPickle.comsuch as PodcastAlley.com or PodcastPickle.com

Further tutorials can be found via sites such as:Further tutorials can be found via sites such as:www.how-to-podcast-tutorial.comwww.podcastingnews.com/articles/How-to-Podcast.html

ConclusionConclusion

• Online communication is not meant to replace face-Online communication is not meant to replace face-to face interaction but rather supplement itto face interaction but rather supplement it

• Use of technology can sometimes isolate individuals Use of technology can sometimes isolate individuals from personal interaction with othersfrom personal interaction with others

• Brings expertise and knowledge to student’s Brings expertise and knowledge to student’s fingertipsfingertips

• Meant to engage students in meaningful dialogue Meant to engage students in meaningful dialogue and connect with diverse audiencesand connect with diverse audiences

• Encourages students to be participants and Encourages students to be participants and creators of mediacreators of media

• ““The illiterate of the 21The illiterate of the 21stst century will not be those century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn and relearn.” –Alvin Toffler (n.d.)learn, unlearn and relearn.” –Alvin Toffler (n.d.)

Picture CreditsPicture Credits• Clip Art A man Multi-tasking Clip Art A man Multi-tasking

http://www.fotosearch.com/bigcomp.asp?path=FSP/FSP557/671002.jpg• Busy Multi Tasking Assistant Secretary Woman Typing, Filing, Organizing Busy Multi Tasking Assistant Secretary Woman Typing, Filing, Organizing

and Taking Phone Calls and Taking Phone Calls http://www.clipartof.com/details/clipart/11412.html• Multitasking Man Multitasking Man http://www.tornado-tools.com/selfservice.html• Multi-tasking Virtual Assistant Multi-tasking Virtual Assistant

http://www.theheartof.com.au/page/virtual_assistance.htmlhttp://www.theheartof.com.au/page/virtual_assistance.html• Multi-tasking juggler Multi-tasking juggler

http://successbeginstoday.org/wordpress/category/mba-on-the-run/http://successbeginstoday.org/wordpress/category/mba-on-the-run/• Mom Multi-tasking www.modernmom.comMom Multi-tasking www.modernmom.com http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/122475/more_multitasking http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/122475/more_multitasking

tips.html?cat=3tips.html?cat=3• DiscussionBoard Picyure of Einstein DiscussionBoard Picyure of Einstein

http://www.geme.group.shef.ac.uk/discussion_introduction.htmhttp://www.geme.group.shef.ac.uk/discussion_introduction.htm• Picture of children around globe http://www.unicef.ca/portal/GetPage.aspx?Picture of children around globe http://www.unicef.ca/portal/GetPage.aspx?

at=1383at=1383• Space Bus Picture http://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/index.shtmlSpace Bus Picture http://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/index.shtml• Podcast with earphones Podcast with earphones

http://miketemple123.edublogs.org/2008/10/20/brilliant-podcasting-with-http://miketemple123.edublogs.org/2008/10/20/brilliant-podcasting-with-audacity-tutorialaudacity-tutorial

ReferencesReferences• Jonassen, D., Howland, J., Marra, R. N., & Crismond, D. (2008). Jonassen, D., Howland, J., Marra, R. N., & Crismond, D. (2008).

Meaningful Learning With Technology 3Meaningful Learning With Technology 3rdrd edition. Saddle River, edition. Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.