Instructional Design

Diana Fisher

Instructional Design

Instructional Design (ID) is a dynamic process with constant movement back and forth between steps. The process by which instruction is improved through the

analysis of learning needs and systematic development of learning materials.

Instructional Design TheoryLearning Theory

Instructional Design Model

Instructional design theory is pulled out from the learning theory (how learning occurs/ people learn). Instructional Design Theory is the study of

how to design instruction in the best way in order for learning to take place.

Instructional design process or model is an actual processes or model already in place in order to facilitate instruction or to adapt instruction

to the needs of the students. One instructional design model is ADDIE.

Learning theory is often confused with instructional design theory however they are distinct from each other. The learning theory is a descriptive

theory, is describes how learning occurs or how people learn. Mean while instructional design theories are the actual methods of instruction.

Instructional Design

There are many different instructional design models from which to

choose. Many of these models have common features such as:

*Needs assessment*Goal and objective identification

*Audience and setting analysis*Content and delivery development

*Evaluation and redesign

Instructional Design

Dick and Carey

Instructional Design

ADDIE:

Analysis:

In the analysis phase, the instructional problem is clarified. The instructional goals and objectives are established, and the learning environment and learner’s existing knowledge

and skills are identified.

Design:

The design phase deals with learning objectives, assessment instruments, exercises, content, subject mater analysis, lesson planing and media selection. The design

phase should be systematizing and specific.

Development:

The development phase is where instructional designer and developers create and assemble the content assets that

were blueprinted in the design phase. In this phase, storyboards and graphics are designed.

Implementation:

During the implementation phase, a procedure for training the facilitators and the learners is developed. The training facilitators should cover the course curriculum, learning outcomes, method of delivery, and testing procedures.

Preparation of the learners includes training them on new tools and student registration.

Evaluation:

The evaluation phase consists of two parts: formative and summative. Formative evaluation is present in each stage of the ADDIE process.

Why Use Instructional Design:In order to facilitate a process-

The thee main reasons for using instructional design are:Speed up the process: Time is money, especially when you have a team of

three to four people working on the same project. The design steps save time by focusing the team and serving as the foundation for project development

and a roadmap through the process.

Assist in communication: Team members need to share expertise, intent, calendars, and so forth. Instructors need to clarify their goals, objectives,

content, and evaluation plans for producers and describe the level of audience expertise and their physical setting (equipment, software, support). Producers

need to focus on the identified audience and objectives and suggest technology options. They need to include instructors in choosing appropriate technology

and involve them in script writing, editing, computer course layout, etc.

Cover all phases of good instructional design: Insure that the elements of instruction are all consciously addressed and all the pieces relate to and support each other. Insure that the design is complete and packaged to be transmitted to

the clientele prior to instruction.