Instructional Design

Dr. Jeannette K. Jones, RCCjeannette.jones@faculty.aiuonline.edu

Design Concepts

“You’ve got to get the fundamentals down because otherwise the fancy stuff isn’t going to work”

– Dr. Randy Pausch – Last Lecture

Remembering your favorite teacher…

Constructivist Learning TheoryDavid H. Jonassen

Create real-world environments (content of learning is relevant)

Focus on approaches that solve real problems Teaching role as coach, facilitator, and analyzer Multiple representations or perspectives on content Instructional goals/objectives negotiated Assessments as self-analysis tool Provide real world tools/resources Internal mediation learning

Andragogy – Ageless Instructional Theory (Pedagogy from learner perspective) know how learning is conducted, why important,

and how occur self direct learning options or ability to take control

of techniques and purpose of the learning incorporate prior experience or feel their prior

experience is valued (self – identity) ready to learn when life creates a need to learn prefer problem solving orientation and learning/real

world connection high motivation to learn when it helps solve

important problems in their life

Robert Gagne’s Nine Events Of Instruction

– Instruction Discipline

Gain attention Inform learners of objectives Stimulate recall of prior learning Present the content Provide learning guidance (encoding) Elicit performance (practice) Provide feedback Assess (not evaluate) performance Enhance retention and transfer

What do these theories mean for design? Create opportunities for multiple representations

of reality with natural complexity of real world Knowledge construction not reproduction Authentic tasks and assessments Reflective practice Context and content dependent construction Collaborative construction through social

negotiation Learner centered

How?

One way is….

The ADDIE Design Model

Analyze – What is learning gap (objectives)

Design – How (instructional and learning strategies, tool selection, flow, etc.)

Develop – Authoring and producing materials

Implement – Run the program (pilot, full scale)

Evaluate – Judge impact of program

Analyze

Learning gap needs assessment Global perspective (all stakeholders) Resources assessment (cost, technology,

subject matter experts, developers, etc.) Create formalized objectives for

foundational measurement of success

Design (Objectives/Outcome Based)

Must be deliberate Uses team skills – designer, developer, SME Attention to details Research supported design decisions Variety of learning and instructional strategies

(flow, themes/chunks, role plays, technology tools, etc.)

Student Centered

Develop

Project Management Skills Storyboards Timelines Matrix Teams

Implement

Delivery method (F2F, Computer Mediated, Hybrid,

Blended, Online) Multimedia working Resources available Student access Faculty access

Evaluation

Smile sheets – learner and faculty Grade spread Assessment archives Help desk complaints Emails received

Templates

Needs Analysis Instructional Design Document Matrix Storyboard Development Map Storyboard Content Template

“Although information and knowledge is recognized as an important outcome of education, very few teachers would be satisfied to regard this as the primary or the sole outcome of instruction. What is needed is some evidence that the students can do something with their knowledge, that is, that they can apply the information to new situations and problems.”

- Dr. Benjamin Bloom

Bloom’s Three Domains

Cognitive – recall and development of intellectual abilities and skills

Affective – changes in interest, attitudes values, adequate adjustments

Psychomotor – motor-skills

Bloom’s Taxonomy (hierarchy)

Knowledge – must be able to recall info Comprehension - can explain to someone else Application – finds practical use for info in particular and

concrete situations Analysis – can break down parts and see how they work

together Synthesis – puts together elements or parts from a

whole Evaluation – makes judgments about the value for given

purpose

Measurable Verb Alignment - examples Knowledge – recall, list, match, define, identify, locate,

recognize Comprehension – explain, discuss, restate, summarize,

outline, describe Application – solve, illustrate, construct, examine,

classify, calculate Analysis – analyze, compare and contrast, investigate,

organize, distinguish Synthesis – create, compose, invent, design, formulate,

predict Evaluation – judge, justify, verify, recommend, assess,

debate

Writing Measurable Learning Objectives (outcomes) Measurable Verbs Acknowledge hierarchy of verbs –ndv Student centered – SWBAT (Student will

be able to…) Parallel in construction Display of objectives based on perspective

based on design model level

A.B.C.D.

Audience – learner Behavior – what will they be able to do upon

completion of course/unit/module (measurable verb as it must be able to be observed - Bloom)

Condition – how – circumstances or context Degree – how much acceptable to ensure

accomplishment

Objective Types

Terminal Course Objective (TCO) Performance Objective (PO) Enabling Objective (EO) Task vs. Objective

Example

Given a list of the state capitals, the student will be able to, match the capitals with the corresponding state with 90% accuracy.

Group Activity

Break into groups Based on the information provided in the presentation, develop two

objectives for each of Bloom’s taxomony levels (the group can determine the topic or variety of topics).

Then create an activity that would align with the created objectives. Example: Given textbook resources, the SWBAT discuss the P’s of

Marketing with 80% accuracy. (Comprehension) Discussion board where they must respond to an open ended question regarding the P’s.

Groups will share something from each level. Be able to support your choices.

Assessment Alignment Activity Select one of the objectives created in the

previous activity. Determine what type of assessment you

would use for that objective and be able to support your choice.

Create a rubric that would align with the assessment instrument.

Be prepared to share your ideas.