Infectious Diseases: Bloodborne PathogensPresented by: APS HealthcareSouthwestern PA Health Care Quality Unit(HCQU)

April, 2009/alt

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Disclaimer

Information or education provided by the HCQU is not intended to replace medical advice from the consumer’s personal care physician, existing facility policy or federal, state and local regulations/codes within the agency jurisdiction. The information provided is not all inclusive of the topic presented.

Certificates for training hours will only be awarded to those who attend a training in its entirety. Attendees are responsible for submitting paperwork to their respective agencies.

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Note of Clarification

While mental retardation (MR) is still recognized as a clinical diagnosis, in an effort to support the work of self-advocates, the APS SW PA HCQU will be using the terms intellectual and/or developmental disability (I/DD) to replace mental retardation (MR) when feasible.

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Objectives

Define bloodborne pathogens Explain how to manage an exposure to bloodborne

pathogens Apply principles of protection against bloodborne

pathogens in the workplace

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Bloodborne Pathogens

Microorganisms found in human blood which have the potential to infect others

Transmitted through contact with infected blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM)

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OPIM

Saliva Semen Vaginal secretions Cerebrospinal fluid Synovial fluid

Pleural fluid Pericardial fluid Amniotic fluid Any body fluid visibly

contaminated with blood

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Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

Developed by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1991

Revised in 2001 Protects workers by limiting exposure to blood and

other potentially infectious materials

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Bloodborne Pathogens

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis C (HCV) Non A, Non B Hepatitis Syphilis Malaria Babesiosis

Brucellosis Leptospirosis Arboviral infections Relapsing fever Creutzfeldt-Jakob

disease Human T-lymphotrophic

Virus Type 1 Viral hemorrhagic fever

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HIV

The virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Transmitted through sexual contact, blood, and from mother to child during pregnancy

HIV infection is not the same as having AIDS

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HBV

The virus that causes Hepatitis B infection Transmitted through sexual contact, blood, and from

mother to child during pregnancy

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HCV

Virus that causes Hepatitis C infection Transmitted through contact with an infected person’s

blood

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Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens in the Workplace

Contact with infected blood or body fluids through open skin

Contact between infected blood or body fluids and mucous membranes

A needle stick or cut or puncture from any other sharp item contaminated with the bloodborne pathogen

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Standard Precautions

All individuals are considered to be infectious Employs personal protective equipment and

engineering and work practice controls as methods of reducing exposure to bloodborne pathogens

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Managing an Exposure

Immediately cleanse the area Report the exposure according to agency policy

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Cleaning Contaminated Surfaces

Wear personal protective equipment during the cleaning

Use a solution of one part bleach to 10 parts water Wait 10 minutes after applying cleaning solution, then

wipe the surface off

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Cleaning Contaminated Surfaces

Follow agency policy or clean hard surfaces at least daily

Pay attention to counters, doorknobs, drawer handles, and bathrooms

Urinals and bedpans may be cleaned with a bleach solution and they should be replaced monthly

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Handling Contaminated Laundry

Handle as little as possible Wash as soon as possible Use bleach and hot water if the fabric will tolerate it Avoid washing with non-contaminated laundry

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Living with Someone Infected with a Bloodborne Pathogen

Avoid sharing toothbrushes, razors, tweezers, nail or cuticle scissors, pierced earrings or other pierced jewelry

Eat from the same dishes and utensils as everyone else in the home

Follow general food preparation guidelines

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Special Considerations for HIV Infection

Wash hands frequently Wear a mask if you have a cold Do not allow the person to clean up or come in contact

with animal waste All household members and staff should maintain

current immunizations, TB testing, and receive an annual flu shot

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References

University System of Georgia, Board of Regents. Introduction to Bloodborne Pathogens. (2009). Retrieved on March 30, 2009 from http://www.usg.edu/ehs/training/pathogens/index.phtml

USAID. HIV/AIDS: Frequently Asked Questions. (2009, January 12).Retrieved on 3/30/09 from http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/aids/News/aidsfaq.html3/30/09

Centers for Disease Control. Preventing HIV and HBV Transmission. (1998) Retrieved on 4/1/09 from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/89-108-b.pdf4/1/09CDC

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References

Centers for Disease Control. Caring for Somneone with AIDS at Home. (2007, June 21). Retrieved on 4/14/09 from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/brochures/careathome/index.htm

Centers for Disease Control. Living with Chronic Hepatitis B. (2006, July). Retrieved on 4/14/09 from http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/Resources/OrderPubs/Patient/LivingWithChronicHepB_Eng.pdf