Bloodborne Pathogen Safety

Bloodborne Pathogens 29 CFR 1910.1030Revised OSHA Bloodborne PathogensCompliance Directive (CPL2-2.44D)

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 2

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 3

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 4

Applicability

• Applies to employee’s who:– Have emergency response duties

– Perform Janitorial Duties

– Perform work with potential exposure

– Perform work involving BBP’s

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 6

Could You Contract a Disease at Work?

• Administering first aid?

• Cleaning the restrooms?

• Using a tool covered with dried blood?

• A co-worker sneezes on you?

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 8

Who Must be Trained

• All employees with occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM)

• Employees who are trained in first aid and CPR

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 9

Training Requirements

Employer Must:• Maintain A BBP training Program• Review Program Annually• Train all Employees having occupational

exposure• Discuss employee protective measures,

warning and labeling• Train annually

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 10

Training Requirements

• Discuss Disposal Procedures

• Discuss Epidemiology and Symptoms

• Discuss decontamination procedures

• Discuss PPE

• Discuss Work Practice and control exposure

• Provide Regulation

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 11

Definitions

• Bloodborne Pathogens– Microorganisms present in blood

• Contaminated– The presence of blood or other potentially

infectious material

• Decontamination– The use of physical or chemical means to

remove, destroy infectious materials

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 12

Bloodborne Pathogens

• Pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood that can lead to diseases

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• Hepatitis B (HBV)

• Hepatitis C (HCV)

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 13

Bloodborne Hazards

• Syphilis

• Malaria

• Hepatitis C

• Hepatitis B (HBV)

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 14

Bloodborne Hazards

• Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)– One of the most common viruses– Vaccines available to prevent infection– Can cause liver damage– Highly infectious, blood and body fluids– Severe flu-like symptoms– Symptoms may be delayed 28 to 160 days after

exposure

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 15

Potentially Infectious Bodily Fluids

• Blood

• Saliva, vomit, urine

• Semen or vaginal secretions

• Skin, tissue, cell cultures

• Other body fluids

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 16

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS

• HIV depletes the immune system

• HIV does not survive well outside the body

• Saliva, tears, sweat

Hepatitis B (HBV)

• 1—1.25 million Americans are chronically infected

• Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting

• May lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death

• Vaccination available since 1982

• HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood

11006115/0006 Copyright Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 18

Hepatitis B Vaccination

• Strongly endorsed by medical communities

• Shown to be safe for infants, children, and adults

• Offered to all potentially exposed employees

• Provided at no cost to employees

• Declination form

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 19

Hepatitis C (HCV)

• Hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States

• Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting

• May lead to chronic liver disease and death

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 20

Exposure Control Plan (ECP)

• Potential exposure determination• Safe work practices• Decontaminating equipment• Selecting and using PPE• Handling biowaste• Labels and signs • Training requirements• Recordkeeping requirements

Universal Precautions

•Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they are contaminated

•Proper cleanup and decontamination

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 22

Safe Work Practices

• Remove contaminated PPE or clothing as soon as possible

• Clean and disinfect contaminated equipment and work surfaces

• Thoroughly wash up immediately after exposure

• Properly dispose of contaminated items

Protective Equipment

•Bleeding control—latex gloves

•Spurting blood—latex gloves, protective clothing (smocks or aprons), respiratory mask, eye/face protection (goggles, glasses, or face shield)

•Postaccident cleanup—latex gloves

•Janitorial work—latex gloves

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 24

Decontamination

• Wear protective gloves

• Disinfectant/cleaner provided in bodily fluid disposal kit

• Solution of 1/4 cup bleach per gallon of water (or 1 part bleach to 10 parts water)

• Properly dispose of contaminated PPE, towels, rags

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 25

Labels and Signs• Labels must include the universal biohazard

symbol, and the term “Biohazard” must be attached to:– containers of regulated

biohazard waste– refrigerators or freezers

containing blood or OPIM– containers used to store,

transport, or ship blood or OPIM

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 26

Regulated Medical Waste

• Liquid or semiliquid blood or OPIM (other potentially infectious materials)

• Contaminated items that would release blood or OPIM when compressed

• Contaminated sharps

• Pathological and microbiological waste containing blood or OPIM

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 27

Exposure Incident• A specific incident of contact with potentially

infectious bodily fluid

• If there are no infiltrations of mucous membranes or open skin surfaces, it is not considered an occupational exposure

• Report all accidents involving blood or bodily fluids

• Postexposure medical evaluations are offered

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 28

Postexposure Evaluation

• Confidential medical evaluation• Document route of exposure• Identify source individual• Test source individuals blood

(with individuals consent)• Provide results to exposed

employee

Potential Transmission•Contact with another person’s blood or bodily fluid that may contain blood•Mucous membranes: eyes, mouth, nose•Non-intact skin•Contaminated sharps/needles

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 30

Potential Exposure

• Industrial accident

• Administering first aid

• Postaccident cleanup

• Janitorial or maintenance work

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 31

RecordkeepingMedical records include:• Hepatitis B vaccination status• Postexposure evaluation and follow-up resultsTraining records include:• Training dates• Contents of the training• Name and qualifications of trainer

2002 (c) SCES, Inc 33

Summary

• Universal precautions

• PPE and safe work practices

• Decontamination

• Exposure incident

Quiz1. Name two of the most common bloodborne pathogens:

____________________________________________ 2. After exposure to potentially infected bodily fluids, you

should immediately: ___________________________3. HIV and HBV can be transmitted when infected bodily

fluids directly contact the eyes or nonintact skin.True or False

4. The risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens is only possible when blood is present in the bodily fluid.

True or False5. Treating all body fluids as infected is known as

__________________________________ Precautions.

Quiz (cont.)

6. HIV stays alive in dried blood. True or False

7. Name one way you might be exposed to human blood at your workplace: ____________________________

8. What minimum PPE should be worn when controlling normal bleeding? _____________________________

9. Besides the disinfectant/cleaner provided in first aid kits, what other solutions can be used to decontaminate equipment or surfaces?

10. How do you dispose of absorbed bodily fluids?

Quiz Answers1. HIV and Hepatitis B (HBV).

2. You should immediately wash any exposed areas.

3. True. Infected bodily fluids need to directly contact mucous membranes or nonintact skin.

4. True. Although many bodily fluids may be infectious, they must contain blood to carry bloodborne pathogens.

5. Treating all bodily fluids as infected is known as Universal Precautions.

Quiz Answers (cont.)

6. False. HIV dies almost immediately. HBV can live as long as one week.

7. Administering first aid, decontaminating equipment, doing janitorial work, etc.

8. Gloves must be worn, at a minimum, when controlling normal bleeding. When controlling spurting blood, additional PPE must be worn including: a face shield, an apron, shoe covers, etc.

9. A solution of bleach and water.

10. Absorbed bodily fluids from a general industry facility can usually be double bagged and discarded with the normal garbage.