Index [assets.cambridge.org]assets.cambridge.org/97805217/91366/index/9780521791366... · 2006. 11....

ABL genecharacteristics, 38in chronic myelocytic leukemia, 37–39

ABO incompatiblity, in stem cellstransplantation, 1050,1102–1103

aclacinomycin, acute leukemia treatment,327

acquired immunodeficiency syndromeAIDS-anaplastic large cell lymphomas,

869–870AIDS-associated CNS lymphoma, 870AIDS-associated primary effusion

lymphoma, 668, 871AIDS-Burkitt lymphoma, 668, 684, 869AIDS-CD30+ large B-cell lymphoma,

869AIDS-diffuse large cell lymphoma, 668,

869AIDS-non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 682,

830, 837–838, 868–877AIDS-small noncleaved cell lymphoma,

869historical perspectives on lymphoma

association, 656–657HIV infection prevention, 931–932Hodgkin’s disease association, 876–877lymphomagenesis role, 662, 667–668systemic AIDS-associated lymphoma,

870–871transfusion transmission, 1023treatment, 875

acquired von Willebrand disease,monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significanceassociation, 632

acute erythroleukemia, classification,176–177, 182, 219

acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, seealso febrile neutropenia

in acute myeloid leukemia, 317acute graft-versus-host disease, see graft-

versus-host disease

acute lymphoblastic leukemiain adults

classification, 276–279clinical features, 273–274diagnostic procedures, 274–275

bone marrow, 274cerebrospinal fluid, 275differential diagnosis, 275laboratory investigations, 275peripheral blood, 274, 292, 319

environmental exposures, 169future research directions, 294–297genetic aspects, 168–170incidence, 168, 273occupational exposures, 168overview, 273prognostic factors, 289–294

cytogenetics, 290–292elderly patients, 292minimal residual disease, 292–293,

296molecular genetics, 290–292, 691morphology, 289remission redefinition, 293risk classification, 293–294single treatment evaluation, 293treatment response, 292white blood cell count, 292

relapse, 294supportive care

hematopoietic growth factors, 280,1124–1126

hemorrhage, 280infections, 279–280, 969metabolic abnormalities, 279

treatment, 280–287, 292–293in children

childhood exposures, 165–167clinical presentation, 250–251diagnostic classification, 251–253etiology, 249–250genetic aspects, 167–168historical perspectives, 249incidence, 164, 249

parental factors, 165prognostic factors, 253–254treatment, 254–259trends, 164–165

classificationB-lineage ALL, 276cytochemistry, 178, 276cytogenetic analysis, 178–179,

234–241, 278immunohistochemistry, 178, 277immunophenotyping, 178, 194–195,

197, 252–253, 276–277, 735minimal residual disease detection,

278–279molecular genetics, 278, 691morphology, 177–178, 194–195,

251–252, 276myeloid antigen positive ALL, 277null ALL, 277schemes, 234–235subtypes, 211–214T-lineage ALL, 276–277translocation frequencies, 236–238

cytogeneticschromosome abnormalities

characteristics, 238–241, 691frequencies, 236–238surrogate markers, 195

description, 232leukemia classification role, 234–235testing strategies

conventional studies, 232–233fluorescence in situ hybridization,

232–233polymerase chain reaction,

232–234testing schemes, 244–245

treatment decisions, 241–244accuracy, 242–244diagnosis, 241prognosis, 241–242therapy monitoring, 241

diagnosis, 176–177, 195–196, 211–214

Index

1167

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acute lymphoblastic leukemia (continued)immunobiology

antigensbasophils, 207–208B-cell antigen receptor complex,

210developmental hierarchy, 209–211eosinophils, 207–208erythroid lineage commitment, 208expression characteristics, 199–200lineage-foreign antigen expression,

199lineage-uncommitted antigens,

203–205lymphocyte antigen-specific

receptors, 210lymphoid lineage commitment,

208–211mast cells, 207–208megakaryocytic lineage

commitment, 208myeloid lineage-associated

antigens, 205–207precursor cell characteristics, 209as prognostic predictors, 195–196putative physiologic function,

209–211T-cell antigen receptor complex,

210–211in therapy, 196

differential immunodiagnosis,211–219, 275

subclassification, 212–214undifferentiated leukemia, 212

immunophenotypingclassification schemes, 178,

194–197, 276–277development, 196–197methods, 200–201morphology compared, 194–195performance timing, 201–203

infection risk, 927markers

hematopoietic cell lineage-specificmarkers, 197–198

surrogate markers for cytogeneticabnormalities, 195

surrogate markers for cytogeneticabnormalities, 194–195

overview, 164, 170, 176, 194platelet dysfunction, 1141treatment

antibodies, 196bone marrow transplantation,

259–260, 287–289central nervous system therapy,

285–287chemotherapy, 135–137, 254–258,

280–287colony-stimulating factors,

1128–1130

cytogenetic-derived decisions,241–244

drug interactions, 257–258drug resistance, 294, 296highly leukemic patients, 280immunotherapy, 297induction, 255–256, 280–281infection risk, 927intensification, 256–257late toxicities, 260–261maintenance, 257, 285minimal residual disease adapted

treatment, 293, 296, 1056molecular targeting, 296pharmacokinetics, 296phases of therapy, 255postremission therapy, 281–284radiation therapy, 256relapse treatment, 259–260,

1128–1129remission, 280–281, 927stem cell transplantation, 287–289

allogeneic SCT, 287–288autologous SCT, 288matched unrelated SCT, 288modality decisions, 289, 296

subgroup-adjusted treatment,294–296

supportive care, 258–259, 279–280testing strategies, 244–245

acute megakaryoblastic leukemiaclassification, 176, 182–183, 219immunophenotyping, 219platelet dysfunction, 1141

acute monocytic leukemia, classification,176, 182

acute myeloid leukemiain adults

clinical features, 316–319diagnosis, 319–320environmental exposures, 169future research directions, 328–329genetic aspects, 168–170, 169–170incidence, 168occupational exposures, 168overview, 168, 316treatment, 320–328

in childrenacute promyelocytic leukemia, 311cell of origin, 306–307childhood exposures, 165–167chromosomal changes, 308classification, 307clinical manifestations, 308–309clonality, 306–307differential diagnosis, 309epidemiology, 306extramedullary leukemia, 309genetic aspects, 167–168immunophenotype analysis, 307–308

incidence, 164, 306laboratory manifestations, 308–309mixed-lineage leukemia, 308overview, 164, 306parental factors, 165prognostic factors, 311–312relapse management, 312remission induction, 310–311

central nervous systemprophylaxis, 310

postremission therapy, 310–311supportive care, 312survival consequences, 312–313treatment, 309, 312trends, 164–165

classificationblast cell characteristics, 180cytochemistry, 178, 180cytogenetic recurrent abnormalities,

183–185, 234–241electron microscopy, 180esterases, 180immunohistochemistry, 180immunophenotyping, 180, 194–195,

197, 307–308morphologic classification, 177–178,

194–195, 307morphologic subtypes

acute erythroleukemia, 176, 182,237, 307

acute megakaryoblastic leukemia,176, 182–183, 237, 307

acute monocytic leukemia, 176,182, 217, 237, 307

acute myelomonocytic leukemia,176, 181–182, 217, 237, 307

acute promyelocytic leukemia, 181,216–217, 237, 307

AML with minimal differentiation,181, 216, 237, 307

AML without cytologicmaturation, 180–181, 237, 307

AML with significant maturation,181, 237, 307

CD11b+ leukemia, 217–218CD56+ leukemia, 217inv(16)(p13q22) leukemia, 217,

237, 240, 307mixed-lineage leukemias, 308Philadelphia chromosome-positive

leukemia, 21811q23 aberrations, 217–218, 237,

241t(8:21)(q22:q22) leukemia, 216,

237, 239, 307myeloperoxidase, 180periodic acid-Schiff reaction, 180schemes, 234–235Sudan black B, 180translocation frequencies, 236–238

1168 Index






cytogeneticschromosome abnormalities

characteristics, 238–241, 308frequencies, 236–238surrogate markers, 195

description, 232leukemia classification role, 234–235testing strategies

conventional studies, 232–233fluorescence in situ hybridization,

232–233polymerase chain reaction,

232–234testing schemes, 244–245

treatment decisions, 241–244accuracy, 242–244diagnosis, 241prognosis, 241–242therapy monitoring, 241

diagnosis, 176–177, 195–196, 215–219,308–309, 316–320

historical perspectives, 135–138immunobiology

antigensbasophils, 207–208B-cell antigen receptor complex,

210developmental hierarchy, 209–211eosinophils, 207–208erythroid lineage commitment, 208expression characteristics, 199–200lineage-foreign antigen expression,

199lineage-uncommitted antigens,



208–211mast cells, 207–208megakaryocytic lineage

commitment, 208myeloid lineage-associated

antigens, 205–207precursor cell characteristics, 209as prognostic predictors, 195–196putative physiologic function,



differential immunodiagnosis,211–219

drug resistance-mediating proteinexpression, 218

subclassification, 215–218undifferentiated leukemia, 212

immunophenotypingclassification schemes, 180,

194–195, 197, 215–219

development, 196–197methods, 200–201morphology compared, 194–195performance timing, 201–203

markershematopoietic cell lineage-specific

markers, 197–198surrogate markers for cytogenetic

abnormalities, 195overview, 194surrogate markers for cytogenetic

abnormalities, 195leukapheresis, 5, 57, 1008–1009overview, 164, 170, 176, 194platelet dysfunction, 1141prognosis factors, 241–242, 311–312therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia

acute leukemic phase, 371future research directions, 382–383karyotypic abnormalities in t-MDS/t-

AML, 371–372latency, 372–373overview, 370, 387pathogenesis, 383–387

age relationship, 387clonality, 386–387DNA control, 383–386etiologic factors, 383immunosurveillance decrease, 383long latency, 386natural history, 383occupational risks, 387sequence alteration, 383–386

preleukemic phase, 370–371risk

autologous hematopoietic stem celltransplantation, 377–379

breast cancer, 377, 1145chemotherapeutic drugs, 370, 373,

379–380Hodgkin’s disease, 372–374, 812multiple myeloma, 374–375, 534non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 374nonmalignant hematologic disease,

379ovarian cancer, 375–376radiation, 380–381testicular cancer, 376–377

treatment, 381–382treatment

antibodies, 196bone marrow transplantation, 312,

325–326, 328central nervous system prophylaxis,

310, 328chemotherapy, 135–137, 243,

320–324in children, 309colony-stimulating factors,

1128–1129

cytogenetic-derived decisions,241–244

infections, 969postremission therapy, 310–311,

324–326relapse management, 312, 326–328,

1128–1129remission induction, 184–185,

310–311, 321supportive care, 312testing strategies, 244–245

acute myelomonocytic leukemiaclassification, 176, 181–182, 237thrombosis, 1137–1138

acute promyelocytic leukemiacharacteristics, 311, 336–337classification, 181, 237clinical features, 349–351coagulopathy association, 355–358

arsenic trioxide effects, 358ATRA effects, 356–357bleeding diathesis, 357–358pathophysiology, 355–356

molecular biology, 336–349NPM-RARα fusion gene, 347nuclear receptor function, 337–341NuMA-RARα fusion gene, 338, 347PLZF-RARα fusion gene, 338,

346–347PML-RARα fusion gene

acquired resistance, 345expression, 342, 347–349leukemogenesis role, 342–344treatment response, 344–345

PML structure and function,341–342

pretreatment prognostic markers,347–349

RARα function, 337–341STAT5b-RARα fusion gene, 338, 347

treatmentall-trans retinoic acid therapy, 336,

339, 351–358current recommendations, 355postremission therapy, 353pregnancy effects, 355relapse treatment, 354–355retinoic acid toxicity, 353therapy-related risk, 534

acute tumor lysis syndrome, treatment,279

acyclovircytomegalovirus prophylaxis, 938,

972–973herpes simplex virus prophylaxis, 940,

958, 969–970varicella zoster virus prophylaxis, 940,

975adenosine triphosphate, in red blood cell

preservation, 1021

Index 1169






adenovirus, infectioninfection patterns, 978risk, 927, 940treatment, 979

ADF, see ATL-derived factoradhesion molecules, see also specific

moleculesmultiple myeloma growth and survival

effects, 482, 492, 501–502adriamycin, see doxorubicinadult T-cell leukemia, see also human

T-cell leukemia/lymphotropicviruses

clinicopathological features, 156–157,709

development, 143, 153–156treatment, 157–158

agnogenic myeloid metaplasiaclassification, 17–18diagnosis, 126, 128–129essential thrombocythemia

differentiation, 126, 1138hematological features, 128–129overview, 16pathophysiology, 16–17, 23–24, 129platelet dysfunction, 1138–1141reactive fibrosis, 18–19treatment, 129–130

albendazole, strongyloidiasis prophylaxis,942

albumin, multiple myeloma marker, 505,532

alcohol consumptionacute leukemia association

in adults, 170in children, 165

multiple myeloma risk, 439withdrawal treatment, 1157

alkylating agentsacute myeloid leukemia risk, 370,

379–380, 384myelodysplastic syndrome risk, 396

allogeneic transplantation, see also stemcells, transplantation

ABO incompatiblity, 1050, 1102–1103chronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 89, 1091chronic myelocytic leukemia treatment,

6, 58–59, 64graft rejection, 1088–1089, 1105graft-versus-host disease, see graft-

versus-host diseasehistorical perspectives, 924human leukocyte antigen typing

cord blood, 1081genomic matching, 1087–1091

for graft failure, 1088–1089for graft-versus-host disease,

1089–1091for survival, 1089–1091

HLA class I genes, 1085HLA class II genes, 1085–1086for the human platelet alloantigen

system, 1091–1092methodology, 1086–1087

array technology, 1087reference-stand conformational

analysis, 1087sequence-based typing, 1086–1087sequence-specific oligonucleotide

probes, 1086–1087sequence-specific primers, 1086

overview, 1085, 1092multiple myeloma treatment, 539myeloablative preparative regimens,

1098non-myeloablative regimens, 1098–1099stem cell manipulation, 1049–1051stem cell sources, 1065, 1067, 1097,

1099umbilical cord stem cell

transplantation, 1081–1082,1099

alloimmunizationplatelet transfusions, 1034–1039prevention, 1038–1039red cell transfusions, 1024

all-trans retinoic acidacute promyelocytic leukemia

treatment, 336, 339, 351–358coagulation parameters, 356–357multiple myeloma treatment, 424pharmacology, 351–352retinoic acid toxicity, 353

alprazolam, anxiety treatment, 1157Alzheimer’s disease, monoclonal

gammopathy of undeterminedsignificance association, 635

amantadine, influenza virus treatment,982–983

aminocaproic acid, hemorrhagic cystitismanagement, 1104–1105

amitriptyline, depression treatment,1159–1160

amphetamine, depression treatment,1159–1160

amphotericin, antifungal prophylaxis, 957,963

amsacrine, acute leukemia treatment,282–284, 295, 326–327, 1125

amyloidosisdiagnosis, 596–600, 613differential diagnosis, 600–602,

619–620, 626heavy-chain-associated amyloidosis,

578–579historical perspectives, 595in monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significance, 599,623–624, 631

organ syndromes, 602–608coagulation system, 607–608gastrointestinal tract, 605–606heart, 598, 602–605kidneys, 598, 602liver, 598, 605nervous system, 606–607respiratory tract, 607–608

prognosis, 608–609thrombosis association, 1142treatment

overview, 609–610, 613stem cell transplantation, 610–613toxic reactions, 612younger patients, 612–613

ultrastructure, 595–596in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia,

565anagrelide

antithrombotic effects, 1140essential thrombocythemia treatment,

127–128polycythemia vera treatment, 120

anaplastic large cell lymphomasAIDS-anaplastic large cell lymphomas,

869–870in children

clinical presentation, 848molecular biology, 847pathology, 846, 859relapse, 858treatment, 857–858

classification, 689–690, 844cytogenetics, 780immunology, 739, 745pathology, 703–703, 714–715

anemiain α-heavy-chain disease, 580in amyloidosis, 596–597autoimmune hemolytic anemia,

1020–1021in blood banking patients, 1101–1102in δ-heavy-chain disease, 574Diamond-Blackfan anemia, 888–893Fanconi anemia, 554, 888–893in µ-heavy-chain disease, 585in multiple myeloma patients, 529–530red cell transfusions, 1020–1021refractory anemia, 186–187, 397–398treatment, 130, 1020–1021, 1130–1131in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia,

564aneuploidy, in multiple myeloma, 471,

515–516angiogenesis, multiple myeloma

progression, 428–429, 502–503,512–513

angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomaclassification, 690, 715cytogenetics, 781pathology, 715–716

1170 Index






angioneurotic edema, monoclonalgammopathy of undeterminedsignificance association, 636

angiotensin-converting enzyme, renalimpairment in multiplemyeloma patients, 530

annexins, coagulopathy in acutepromyelocytic leukemiapatients, 356

anthracyclineacute leukemia treatment, 327Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 566–567antibiotics, see specific antibiotics; specific

diseasesantibodies, see also immunoglobulins;

monoclonal antibodiesacute myeloid leukemia treatment, 196adult T-cell leukemia treatment, 157chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 89multiple myeloma treatment, 540respiratory syncytial virus treatment,

981in vitro stem cell purging, 1055Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 568anti-CD20 antibodies

multiple myeloma treatment, 540Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 568antidepressants, 1159–1160antigens

acute leukemia immunobiologybasophils, 207–208B-cell antigen receptor complex, 210developmental hierarchy, 209–211differential immunodiagnosis,

211–219eosinophils, 207–208erythroid lineage commitment, 208expression characteristics, 199–200lineage-foreign antigen expression, 199lineage-uncommitted antigens,



208–211mast cells, 207–208megakaryocytic lineage commitment,

208myeloid lineage-associated antigens,

205–207precursor cell characteristics, 209as prognostic predictors, 195–196putative physiologic function,



HLA typing, see human leukocyteantigen typing

antiplatelet therapypolycythemia vera treatment, 120thrombosis treatment, 1140

antisense oligonucleotides, chronicmyelocytic leukemia treatment,63–64

antithrombin III, veno-occlusive disease,1097–1101

anxietyassociated medical conditions, 1156,

1163clinical features, 1156diagnosis, 1156treatment, 1157–1158

apoptosisin human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic

virus cell cycle arrest, 150–151,153–154

in monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significance, 494

in multiple myeloma growth andsurvival, 424–426, 481, 491, 494

Ara-C, acute leukemia treatment, 1125arsenic trioxide

acute promyelocytic leukemiatreatment, 342, 344–345,354–356, 358

myelodysplastic syndrome treatment,406

L-asparaginase, in acute leukemiatreatment, 255, 280–284, 295,1143–1144

aspergillosisinfection management, 930, 936–937,

957–963supportive care in acute lymphoblastic

leukemia patients, 279–280aspirin, antithrombotic effects, 1140ataxia-telangiectasia, secondary

lymphomas, 888–893clinical features, 888–892histopathology, 888–892lymphomagenesis promotion, 892–893pathogenesis, 892treatment, 893

ATL-derived factor, HTLV redox controlmodulation, 152–153

atovaquone, Pneumocystis cariniiprophylaxis, 941

atypical chronic myeloid leukemia,classification, 187–188

autoimmune hemolytic anemia, red celltransfusions, 1020–1021

autologous transplantationacute myeloid leukemia risk, 377–379multiple myeloma treatment, 539–540stem cell sources, 1065, 1067

in vitro stem cell purging, 1052–1059evaluation, 1058–1059favorable arguments, 1056–1058freezing technique, 1053monoclonal antibody purging

techniques, 1054–1056pharmacological purging,

1053–1054principles, 1052–1053

5-azacytidineacute leukemia treatment, 326–327acute myeloid leukemia treatment,

381–382myelodysplastic syndrome treatment,

381, 404azathioprine, post-solid organ

transplantationlymphoproliferative disorderassociation, 880

AZT, adult T-cell leukemia treatment, 157

Bbacillus Calmette-Guérin, Hodgkin’s

disease treatment, 748–749bacteria, see also specific species

infectionsantibacterial prophylaxis, 936, 957antimycobacterial prophylaxis, 942risk, 927

secondary lymphomas, 878–879basic fibroblast growth factor

megakarocytopoiesis role, 1126in vitro evaluation, 1123

basiliximab, graft-versus-host diseaseprophylaxis, 1106–1107

basophils, in acute leukemiaimmunophenotyping, 207–208

BAX gene, in multiple myeloma, 500B-cell antigen receptor, CD79B gene

mutation in chroniclymphocytic leukemia, 75

B-cell antigen receptor complex,description, 210

B-cell growth factor, see interleukin-6B-cell large-cell lymphoma, see diffuse

large B-cell lymphomaB-cell lymphoid neoplasms

B-cell precursor lymphoblasticlymphoma/leukemia, 690–691

Burkitt’s lymphoma, see Burkitt’slymphoma

chronic lymphocytic leukemia, seechronic lymphocytic leukemia

classification, 688–696, 830diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, see

diffuse large B-cell lymphomaextranodal marginal zone B-cell

lymphomaclassification, 690, 696cytogenetics, 775

Index 1171






B-cell lymphoid neoplasms (continued)immunology, 741pathology, 696–699

follicular lymphoma, see follicularlymphoma

immunophenotyping, 738–741lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas

classification, 688–690, 692cytogenetics, 665pathology, 692–693

mantle-cell lymphomaclassification, 690, 693cytogenetics, 665–666, 776–777, 831pathology, 693–694

small-cell lymphocytic lymphomaclassification, 688–690cytogenetics, 76, 663–664pathology, 691–692

splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomaclassification, 690pathology, 699–700

B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 protein,multiple myeloma growth andsurvival signaling pathways,478–481, 500

B cellsdifferentiation, 845leukemia association, see acute

lymphoblastic leukemia; chroniclymphocytic leukemia; hairy cellleukemia

neoplasm classification, 25stem cell commitment, 208–211

BCL-2 genein chronic lymphocytic leukemia

overexpression, 664, 1123translocation, 74–75

in follicular lymphoma, translocation,664–665, 775, 784

in mantle-cell lymphoma, 665–666BCL-6 gene, in diffuse large B-cell

lymphoma, 666, 777–778, 785BCL-2 protein, multiple myeloma growth

and survival signaling pathways,478–481, 500

BCR-ABL geneacute lymphoblastic leukemia

prognosis, 291–292in chronic myelocytic leukemia, 37–39

BCR-ABL protein, in chronic myelocyticleukemia

biological effects, 42–44disease monitoring, 45–46, 53–54, 59signaling pathways, 39–42, 47

BCR gene, characteristics, 38Bence Jones protein

in amyloidosis, 595–596µ-heavy-chain disease diagnosis, 585–586in monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significance, 623,625, 638

in multiple myeloma patients, 530–531,533

benzeneacute leukemia risk, 168acute myeloid leukemia risk, 380multiple myeloma risk, 439

benzodiazepine, anxiety treatment, 1157betamethasone, acute leukemia treatment,

282–284Bexxar, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

treatment, 837BFM 90 protocol, for T-cell lymphomas,

851–854bimolane, acute myeloid leukemia risk, 380birth weight, acute leukemia association,

165–166bisphosphonate

bone disease treatment, 536multiple myeloma treatment, 536

blast cells, in acute myeloid leukemia, 180blast crisis, definition, 55blastic transformation, in chronic

myelocytic leukemia, 21–22bleomycin

α-heavy-chain disease treatment, 584acute myeloid leukemia risk, 380Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 801–811,

821multiple myeloma treatment, 536

blood, see also anemiacytapheresis

erythrocytapheresis, 1012leukapheresis, 1008–1011

leukocyte-reduced platelets,1029–1030

leukocyte-reduced red cells, 1018lymphoproliferative disorders,

1010–1011myeloid disorders, 1008–1010

lymphocytopheresis, 1012overview, 1006plateletpheresis, 1011–1012, 1029stem cell procurement, 1012technical considerations, 1006–1008

diseases, see specific diseasesexcess bleeding, see thrombosishemorrhage, see hemorrhageplasmapheresis

in adjunctive therapy, 1013hyperviscosity syndrome, 1012overview, 1006peripheral polyneuropathy treatment,

634Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 566washed red cells, 1018

platelets, see plateletsred cells, see erythrocytestransfusions, see transfusionswhite blood cells, see specific cell types

Bloom’s syndrome, secondary lymphomasclinical features, 888–892histopathology, 888–892lymphomagenesis promotion, 892–893pathogenesis, 892treatment, 893

body cavity-based lymphoma, see primaryeffusion lymphoma

bone alkaline phosphatase, multiplemyeloma prognosis, 513–514

bone lesions, in chronic myelocyticleukemia, 20

bone marrowdisease, see specific diseasesdisease diagnosis

acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 274chronic granulocytic leukemia, 126chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, 126chronic myelocytic leukemia, 20δ-heavy-chain disease, 574essential thrombocythemia, 126polycythemia vera, 117, 126

hairy cell leukemia pathology, 96multiple myeloma cell growth

microenvironment, 477,481–482

adhesion molecule interactions, 482,492, 501–502

cell failure, 529–530cytokine interactions, 482human herpesvirus 8 interactions,

482, 493myelodysplastic syndrome histology,

186, 396, 400–402Philadelphia chromosome

acute lymphoblastic leukemiaprognosis, 291–292, 691

in chronic myelocytic leukemia,36–37, 46, 53, 232

transplantationABO incompatible allogeneic grafts,

1050, 1102–1103acute leukemia treatment

allogeneic SCT, 287–288autologous SCT, 288, 377–379,

1052–1059matched unrelated SCT, 288modality decisions, 289, 296therapy-related acute myeloid

leukemia risk, 377–379acute lymphoblastic leukemia

treatment, 259–260acute myeloid leukemia treatment,

312, 325–326, 328agnogenic myeloid metaplasia

treatment, 130–131amyloidosis treatment, 610–613chronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 89clinical trials, 1072–1074

1172 Index






diseases treated, 1065donor selection, 1065, 1067, 1097graft rejection, 1088–1089, 1105graft-versus-host disease, 1072–1073,

1089–1091, 1105–1107historical perspectives, 924, 1050,

1064, 1079, 1081, 1096human leukocyte antigen typing

cord blood, 1081genomic matching, 1087–1091for graft failure, 1088–1089for graft-versus-host disease,

1089–1091HLA class I genes, 1085HLA class II genes, 1085–1086for the human platelet alloantigen

system, 1091–1092methodology, 1086–1087overview, 1085, 1092for survival, 1089–1091

manipulation, 1049–1051multiple myeloma treatment,


406non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma treatment,

835–837, 1057–1058patient care

ABO incompatible transplants,1050, 1102–1103

acute graft-versus-host disease,1105–1107

allogeneic donors, 1097blood banking considerations,

1101–1102catheters, 1099–1100cell source selection, 1098–1099chronic graft-versus-host disease,

1107graft rejection, 1105granulocyte transfusions, 1102hemorrhagic cystitis prevention,

1103–1105hepatic VOD, 1099–1101infection prevention, 927, 932–933,

943, 955, 958, 969–989, 1102late complications, 1107–1109mucositis prevention, 1103nausea, 1099overview, 1096patient selection, 1096–1097pharmacokinetics, 1097–1098post-transplant vaccination,

1108–1109quality of life, 1107–1108regimen preparation, 1098–1099secondary malignancies, 1108

peripheral blood transplantationcompared, 1057

post–bone marrow transplantlymphoproliferative disease,886–887

preclinical models, 1056, 1163preparation, 1066psychological issues, 1162–1164rationale, 1065–1066red cell transfusions, 1020relapse incidence, 1073stem cell harvesting, 1049–1050,

1065, 1067–1070T-cell depletion, 1051–1052therapeutic graft manipulation,

1051–1052therapy-related acute myeloid

leukemia treatment, 381–382bone morphogenetic protein-2, in

multiple myeloma, 500bone pain, in multiple myeloma, 527bone sialoprotein, multiple myeloma

prognosis, 514bony disease, treatment in multiple

myeloma, 536Bordetella bronchiseptical, infection

prevention, 929Borrelia burgdorferi, lymphoma

association, 879breast cancer, therapy-related disease risk

acute myeloid leukemia, 377, 1145Hodgkin’s disease, 812

buproprion, depression treatment,1159–1160

Burkitt’s lymphomain children

clinical presentation, 848molecular biology, 847pathology, 845–846, 859relapse, 858treatment, 850–854, 858

classification, 688–690, 705, 844cytogenetics

AIDS-Burkitt lymphoma, 668, 684,779, 869

c-myc gene, 667, 706, 778–779,865–866

oncogenic viruses, 662–663tumor suppressor genes, 662, 667

Epstein-Barr virus association, 657, 662,684, 778, 844

etiology, 657, 683–684histologically atypical Burkitt’s

lymphoma, 706immunophenotyping, 706molecular genetics, 657–658, 706pathology, 705–706

busulfanchronic myelocytic leukemia treatment,

61essential thrombocythemia treatment,

128in stem cell transplantation, 1097–1098

calcitoninhypercalcemia treatment, 535multiple myeloma treatment, 535

campath-IH, chronic lymphocyticleukemia treatment, 89

Campylobacter, infection prevention, 929,934

cancer procoagulant, coagulopathy inacute promyelocytic leukemiapatients, 355–356

candidiasisinfection management, 936–937, 957,

961–962supportive care in acute lymphoblastic

leukemia patients, 279–280capillary electrophoresis, monoclonal

protein serum analysis, 458Capnocytophaga canimorsus, infection

prevention, 929carboplatin, acute leukemia treatment,

326–327cardiovascular system

amyloidosis, 598, 602–605Hodgkin’s disease treatment

complications, 811post transplantation

lymphoproliferative disorder,880–882

caspofungin, antifungal prophylaxis, 963catheters

infection management, 960–961stem cell transplantation patient care,

1099–1100CCND1 gene

in chronic lymphocytic leukemia,774–775

in mantle cell lymphoma, 777CD4+, multiple myeloma prognosis, 515CD21, post-solid organ transplantation

lymphoproliferative disordertreatment, 886

CD24, post-solid organ transplantationlymphoproliferative disordertreatment, 886

CD34+, see also stem cellsstem cell graft rejection, 1105in vitro stem cell purging, 1055–1056,

1069–1070CD56, see NCAMCD79B gene, mutation in chronic

lymphocytic leukemia, 75CD30+ large B-cell lymphoma with

anaplastic featureAIDS-CD30+ large B-cell lymphoma,

869cytogenetics, 780immunology, 739, 745pathology, 703–703

ceftazidime, infection management, 956

Index 1173






cell cycle proteins, in multiple myelomagrowth and survival, 427,480–481

cell death, see apoptosiscell signaling pathways, see signal

transductioncentral nervous system, AIDS-associated

CNS lymphoma, 870central nervous system therapy

acute lymphoblastic leukemiatreatment, 285–287

complications, 286–287established disease, 286prophylactic therapy, 285–286

in acute myeloid leukemiaCNS leukemia, 328prophylaxis therapy, 310

centrocytic lymphoma, see mantle-celllymphoma

cerebrospinal fluidacute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosis,

275acute myeloid leukemia diagnosis, 320menigneal myelomatosis diagnosis,

550–551peripheral polyneuropathy diagnosis,

551spinal cord compression diagnosis,

549–550c-fms oncogene, therapy-related acute

myeloid leukemia pathogenesis,384

Chagas’ disease, infection prevention, 933chemotherapy, see also specific diseases

acute leukemia associationin adults, 169in children, 165

acute lymphoblastic leukemiatreatment, 135–137, 254–258,280–287

acute myeloid leukemia treatment,135–137, 243, 320–324,1124–1126

acute promyelocytic leukemiatreatment, 351, 357

adult T-cell leukemia treatment,157–158

agnogenic myeloid metaplasiatreatment, 130

chronic lymphocytic leukemiatreatment, 6

chronic myelocytic leukemia treatment,5–6, 57, 59

Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 748–753,800–812, 819–823

infections, see infectionsmultiple myeloma treatment, 537–538nausea, 1099non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma treatment,

655–656, 833–834, 850–858

Pneumocystis carinii complications, 258polycythemia vera treatment, 119–121post-solid organ transplantation

lymphoproliferative disordertreatment, 886

therapy-related acute myeloid leukemiarisk, 370, 373, 379–380

Waldenström’s macroglobulinemiatreatment, 567–568

child development, psychological issues,1155–1156

childhood illnesses, see acutelymphoblastic leukemia; acutemyeloid leukemia; childdevelopment; myelodysplasticsyndromes

chimeric antibodies, adult T-cell leukemiatreatment, 157

chlorambucilchronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 6, 86–87, 90Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 751–752myelodysplastic syndrome risk, 396polycythemia vera treatment, 119Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 566–567chlorhexidine, mucositis management in

stem cell transplantationpatients, 1103

2-chlorodeoxyadenosineacute leukemia treatment, 327chronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 87–88graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis,

1106–1107hairy cell leukemia treatment, 103–106

chloroquine, graft-versus-host diseaseprophylaxis, 1106–1107

CHOP, see cyclophosphamide;doxorubicin; prednisone;vincristine

chromosome deletions, see specific diseaseschronic graft-versus-host disease, see graft-

versus-host diseasechronic granulocytic leukemia

diagnosis, 126essential thrombocythemia

differentiation, 126chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, see

agnogenic myeloid metaplasiachronic inflammatory demyelinating

polyradiculoneuropathy,monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significanceassociation, 634

chronic lymphocytic leukemiaautoimmune complications, 85, 90,

1020–1021classification, 24–26, 84, 689–690clinical manifestations, 83–84

cytogeneticsBCL-2 gene

overexpression, 664, 1123translocation, 74–75

CCND1 rearrangements, 774–775CD79B gene mutation, 75clinical significance, 10, 76–77, 773epigenetic abnormalities, 75–76genetic instability, 76immunoglobulin gene translocations,

74–75leukemogenesis, 76, 663–66417p deletion, 774p53 pathway, 73–746Q deletion, 7511Q deletion, 72–73, 664, 77413q14 translocation, 70–72, 66314q32 translocation, 775trisomy 12, 72, 663–664, 774VH mutations versus genetic

abnormalities, 77–78diagnosis, 83, 619epidemiology, 9–11historical perspectives, 3–6, 135–138immune impairment, 10, 85immunophenotyping, 84–85, 735–736laboratory findings, 84leukapheresis, 1010molecular biology, 70occupational exposures, 10overview, 3–5, 19, 78, 83, 691pathology, 24–26prolymphocytic leukemia relationship,

707risk factors, 11–12second tumors, 90staging, 85–86transformations, 90treatment

allogeneic bone marrowtransplantation, 89, 1091

biological therapiescampath-IH, 89interferon-alpha, 88–89monoclonal antibodies, 89rituximab, 89

chemotherapychlorambucil, 6, 86–87, 90comparative studies, 88corticosteroids, 87cyclophosphamide, 86–87prednisone, 87purine analogues, 87–88

radiation therapy, 90splenectomy, 89–90

chronic myelocytic leukemiaBCR-ABL gene role

BCR-ABL proteinbiological effects, 42–44

1174 Index






disease monitoring, 45–46, 53–54,59

signaling pathways, 39–42, 47oncogenic potential, 39rearrangement, 37–39

classification, 17–18, 54clinical presentation, 36, 54–55cytogenetic-molecular events, 36–42,

44–45, 232diagnosis, 53–57epidemiology, 11–12historical perspectives, 3–6morphology, 21–22overview, 3–5, 16, 47pathology, 16–17, 20–21Philadelphia chromosome role, 36–37,

46, 53, 232prognostic scores, 55–57reactive fibrosis, 18–19treatment

antisense oligonucleotides, 63–64chemotherapy

busulphan, 61chlorambucil, 6cytarabine, 61–62dibromomannitol, 5Fowler’s solution, 5hydroxyurea, 57, 59, 61nitrogen mustard, 5

decitabine, 63farnesyltransferase inhibitors, 63granulocyte transfusion, 1040–1041hematopoietic stem cell

transplantationallografting, 6, 58–59, 64, 1091autografting, 65lymphocyte infusions, 64–65nonmyeloablative stem cell

transplantation, 65homoharringtonine, 63immediate management, 57–58interferon-α, 59–62leukapheresis, 5, 57, 1008–1010management strategy, 58–59polyethylene glycol-IFN, 63radiation therapy, 5STI-571, 47, 62–63, 65–66surgery, 5tyrosine kinase inhibitors, 47

variants, 22, 54–55chronic myeloid leukemia, leukapheresis,

1009chronic myelomonocytic leukemia,

classification, 187, 398–399cidofovir, cytomegalovirus prophylaxis,

937–938, 973cigarettes, see smokingciprofloxacin, infection management, 956cisapride, amyloidosis treatment, 605

citalopram, depression treatment,1159–1160

citrate toxicity, in red blood cellpreservation, 1021–1022

cladribinechronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 87–88lymphoma management, 654–657Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 567–568clindamycin, toxoplasmosis prophylaxis, 942clinical trial design, 65–66clodronate, multiple myeloma treatment,

536clonal disorders, see acute myeloid

leukemia; multiple myeloma;myelodysplastic syndromes;myeloproliferative disorders

clonalityin acute myeloid leukemia, 306–307,

386–387in essential thrombocythemia, 126in polycythemia vera, X-chromosome

inactivation, 112in post-solid organ transplantation

lymphoproliferative disorders,882

Clostridium difficile, infection prevention,957

c-myc genein AIDS-non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,

871–872in Burkitt’s lymphoma, 667, 706,

778–779, 865–866multiple myeloma growth and survival

effects, 480–481, 500coagulation system, see also hemorrhage

abnormal proteinscoagulation factor inhibitors, 1143dysproteinemias, 1141–1142immune thrombocytopenic purpura,

1142–1143acute leukemia

arsenic trioxide effects, 358ATRA effects, 356–357bleeding diathesis, 357–358pathophysiology, 355–356, 1141

amyloidosis, 607–608coagulation disorders, 1137–1138in hairy cell leukemia, 1141in myelodysplastic syndromes, 1141overview, 1137in paroxysmal nocturnal

hemoglobinuria, 1141platelet dysfunction, see plateletsin polycythemia vera, 111in pregnancy, 128, 1140–1141therapy-induced bleeding, 1143–1145

antibiotic-induced coagulopathies,1144–1145

bone marrow transplantation, 1145chemotherapeutic agents, 1145drug-induced hemolytic-DIC

syndromes, 1145L-asparaginase, 1143–1144

treatment, 1006, 1137, 1139–1140Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia,

566colony-stimulating factor

immune reconstitution role, 942–943,958

in pediatric populations, 1130colony-stimulating factors, see granulocyte

colony-stimulating factor;granulocyte-macrophagecolony-stimulating factor

common variable immunodeficiency,secondary lymphomas, 888–893

clinical features, 888–892histopathology, 888–892lymphomagenesis promotion, 892–893pathogenesis, 892treatment, 893

composite lymphoma, pathology, 722computed tomography, lymphoma

treatment planning, 654,797–800, 818, 820, 828–829

congenital immunodeficiency diseases,secondary lymphomas


connective tissue disease, monoclonalgammopathy of undeterminedsignificance association,632–633

consol, acute leukemia treatment, 1125conventional immunosuppressive therapy,

see also radioimmunotherapyacute lymphoblastic leukemia

treatment, 297lymphomas treatment, 734, 748–753myelodysplastic syndrome treatment,

405post-solid organ transplantation

lymphoproliferative disorders,880–881

corticosteroids, chronic lymphocyticleukemia treatment, 87

coxsackievirus, infection, 977–978cranial irradiation therapy, in acute

lymphoblastic leukemiatreatment, 285–287

cranial plasmacytomas, description, 550C-reactive protein, multiple myeloma

prognosis, 505, 514Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, infection

prevention, 932

Index 1175






cryoglobulinemia, treatment in multiplemyeloma, 536

cryoglobulins, serum analysis, 462–463cryopreservation

platelet storage, 1030–1031stem cell storage, 1051, 1079

Cryptosporidium, infection prevention,929

C-terminal telopeptide of collagen I,multiple myeloma prognosis,513–514

cutaneous cell anaplastic large celllymphoma

Borrelia burgdorferi association, 879classification, 689–690cytogenetics, 780pathology, 714–715treatment, 832

cutaneous T-cell lymphomaclassification, 690immunology, 742–743leukapheresis, 1010–1011monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significanceassociation, 635–636

pathology, 29–30, 711–713cyclin-dependent kinases, in multiple

myeloma, 492cyclin D1 gene, multiple myeloma growth

and survival effects, 480–481,492, 499

cyclophosphamideα-heavy-chain disease treatment, 584acute leukemia treatment, 256, 280–284adult T-cell leukemia treatment, 157amyloidosis treatment, 610chronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 86–87γ-heavy-chain disease treatment, 577Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 751–752lymphoma management, 654–657µ-heavy-chain disease treatment, 587monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significancetreatment, 635

multiple myeloma treatment, 536–537myelodysplastic syndrome risk, 396post-solid organ transplantation

lymphoproliferative disorderassociation, 880

in vitro stem cell purging, 1053–1054Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 566–567cyclosporine

antifungal prophylaxis, 957autoimmune complication treatment, 90myelodysplastic syndrome treatment, 405post-solid organ transplantation

lymphoproliferative disorderassociation, 880–881

cytapheresiserythrocytapheresis, 1012leukapheresis, 1008–1011

leukocyte-reduced platelets, 1029–1030leukocyte-reduced red cells, 1018lymphoproliferative disorders,

1010–1011myeloid disorders, 5, 57, 1008–1010

lymphocytopheresis, 1007, 1012overview, 1006plateletpheresis, 1011–1012, 1029–1030stem cell procurement, 1012technical considerations, 1006–1008

cytarabineacute leukemia treatment, 281–284, 295,

321–328acute promyelocytic leukemia

treatment, 351, 357chronic myelocytic leukemia treatment,

61Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 811myelodysplastic syndrome treatment,

404cytochrome P450, therapy-related acute


cytogenetics, see specific diseasescytokines, see specific cytokinescytolysis, in vitro stem cell purging, 1055cytomegalovirus

in cord blood donors, 1080, 1082diagnosis, 971infection patterns, 970–971prevention, 937–938, 955, 972–973,

1042prophylaxis, 971–974, 1102seronegative blood products, 1019transfusion transmission, 1023treatment, 971–974

cytosine arabinoside, acute leukemiatreatment, 137, 256, 322,381–382

cytotoxic drugs, see chemotherapy; specificdrugs

cytoxan, see cyclophosphamide

DDAB 389 IL-2 fusion gene, Hodgkin’s

disease treatment, 749–750dacarbazine, Hodgkin’s disease treatment,

801–812, 821daclizumab, graft-versus-host disease

prophylaxis, 1106–1107dapsone, Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis,

941daunorubicin

acute leukemia treatment, 137, 255,280–284, 295, 321, 1124–1126

acute promyelocytic leukemiatreatment, 351, 357

decitabineacute myeloid leukemia treatment, 381chronic myelocytic leukemia treatment,

63myelodysplastic syndrome treatment,

381, 405delirium, management, 1161–1162dendrites, stem cell commitment, 209deoxycoformycin

chronic lymphocytic leukemiatreatment, 87–88, 90

hairy cell leukemia treatment, 102–1062-deoxycoformycin, chronic lymphocytic

leukemia treatment, 87–88, 9015-deoxyspergualin, graft-versus-host

disease prophylaxis, 1106–1107depression

management, 1159–1160, 1163post-traumatic stress disorder, 1163suicide, 1160–1161symptoms, 1158–1159

dermatologic diseases, see also specificdiseases

monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significanceassociation, 635–636

post-solid organ transplantationlymphoproliferative disorders,880

desipramine, depression treatment,1159–1160

desmopressin, acquired von Willebranddisease treatment, 632

dexamethasoneα-heavy-chain disease treatment, 584acute leukemia treatment, 280–284, 295amyloidosis treatment, 609apoptosis induction in multiple

myeloma, 424–426multiple myeloma treatment, 424–426,

536nausea relief, 1099

Diamond-Blackfan anemia, secondarylymphomas, 888–893


dibromomannitol, chronic myelocyticleukemia treatment, 5

dietacute leukemia association


multiple myeloma relationship, 440diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

AIDS-diffuse large cell lymphoma, 668,869

in children, 846

1176 Index






clinical presentation, 848molecular biology, 847pathology, 846, 859relapse, 858treatment, 850–854, 856, 858

classification, 688–690, 700, 844clinical presentation, 827cytogenetics, 665–667, 777–778pathology, 700–702primary effusion lymphoma, 704–705primary mediastinal large B-cell

lymphoma, 704prognosis, 829treatment, 833, 850–854, 856, 858variants, 702–704

dihematoporphyrin ether, in vitro stemcell purging, 1054

dimethyl sulfoxidein platelet storage, 1030–1031in stem cell storage, 1079

2,3-diphosphoglycerate, in red blood cellpreservation, 1021

Diphtheria endotoxin, adult T-cellleukemia treatment, 157–158

disseminated intravascular coagulation,description, 1137–1138, 1145

DNA array techniques, multiple myelomaprognosis, 516

donor chromosome theory, multiplemyeloma cytogenetics, 474

Down syndrome, leukemia risk, 306doxepin, depression treatment,

1159–1160doxorubicin

α-heavy-chain disease treatment, 584acute leukemia treatment, 280, 282–284,

295acute myeloid leukemia risk, 380adult T-cell leukemia treatment, 157amyloidosis treatment, 610Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 751–752,

801–811, 821lymphoma management, 654–657, 856µ-heavy-chain disease treatment, 587multiple myeloma treatment, 536Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 567drug resistance

in acute lymphoblastic leukemiatreatment, 294, 296

in multiple myeloma, 482, 515, 540drug therapy, see chemotherapydyserythropoiesis, in myelodysplastic

syndrome, 186dysgreanulopoiesis, in myelodysplastic

syndrome, 186dysmegakaryopoiesis, in myelodysplastic

syndrome, 186dysproteinemias, thrombosis association,

1141–1142

edelfosine, in vitro stem cell purging, 1054elderly patients

acute lymphoblastic leukemiaprognosis, 292

acute myeloid leukemia relationship,387

myelodysplastic syndrome risk,396–397

electron microscopyacute myeloid leukemia classification,

180hairy cell leukemia diagnosis, 98

electrophoresiscapillary electrophoresis, 458immunoelectrophoresis, 459–460, 465,

621–622monoclonal protein serum analysis,

455–458, 621multiple myeloma diagnosis, 531urine protein analysis, 463–464,

621–622endemic mycoses, postexposure

prophylaxis, 935endogenous erythroid colonies, in

polycythemia vera, 112–113enocetabine, acute leukemia treatment,

1124enteric viruses, infection, 977–978Enterococci, infection prevention, 936, 956environmental exposures

acute lymphoblastic leukemiarelationship, 169

infection prevention, 928, 930–931myelodysplastic syndrome relationship,

396eosinophils

acute leukemia immunophenotyping,207–208

leukapheresis, 1009–10104-epidoxorubicin

acute myeloid leukemia risk, 380Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 807

epinephrine, in platelet storage,1030–1031

Epstein-Barr virusinfection

diagnosis, 976–977immunity, 975–976pathogenesis, 975–976prevention, 932, 938–939treatment, 976–977

lymphoma associationAIDS-non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

association, 872–873Burkitt’s lymphoma association, 657,

662, 684, 778, 844clonality studies, 740Hodgkin’s disease association, 657,

676–677, 721, 746, 862–867, 877lymphomagenesis role, 662

non-Hodgkin’s disease association,844, 872–873

in post-bone marrow transplantlymphoproliferative disease,887

in post-solid organ transplantationlymphoproliferative disorders,882–884, 976–977

erythema elevatum, monoclonalgammopathy of undeterminedsignificance association, 636

erythrocyteserythrocytapheresis, 1012erythrocyte rosette-forming cells,

Hodgkin’s disease relationship,745–746

erythrocytosesdemonstration, 115polycythemia vera diagnosis,

114–118in myelodysplastic syndromes, 401stem cell commitment, 208transfusions

adverse effectsalloimmunization, 1024immunomodulation, 1024iron overload, 1022transfusion-associated graft-versus-

host disease, 1023–1024transfusion reactions, 1022–1023transfusion-transmitted diseases,

1023volume overload, 1022

cell modificationscytomegalovirus-seronegative

products, 1019gamma-irradiation, 1019

cell preservation, 1021–1022clinical uses

autoimmune hemolytic anemia,1020–1021

bone marrow transplants, 1020erythropoietin, 1021hyperviscosity, 1020transfusion indications, 1019–1020

componentsfrozen cells, 1018–1019leukocyte-reduced cells, 1018red cell concentrates, 1017–1018washed cells, 1018whole blood, 1017

erythroleukemia, classification, 176, 182erythromelalgia, thrombocytosis

association, 1138erythromycin, multiple myeloma risk, 440erythropoietin

anemia treatment, 130, 1130–1131cell types influenced, 1126multiple myeloma treatment, 540, 1021red cell transfusions, 1021

Index 1177






erythropoietin-independent burst formingunit erythroid

in essential thrombocythemia, 126in polycythemia vera, 112–113, 117

essential thrombocythemiaclassification, 17–18diagnosis

bone marrow histology, 126chronic granulocytic leukemia

exclusion, 126chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis

exclusion, 126clinical features, 125clonality markers, 126hematopoietic progenitors, 126myelodysplastic syndromes exclusion,

126–127platelet dysfunction, 125, 1138–1142polycythemia vera exclusion, 126, 1138thrombocytosis, 125, 1138–1141thrombopoietin levels, 125–126

epidemiology, 13future research directions, 128overview, 16, 125pathophysiology, 16–17, 22–23pregnancy effects, 128, 1140–1141reactive fibrosis, 18–19treatment, 127–128

esterases, acute myeloid leukemiaclassification, 180

estrogen, hemorrhagic cystitis managementin stem cell transplantationpatients, 1104–1105

ethidronatebone disease treatment, 536multiple myeloma treatment, 536

etoposideacute leukemia treatment, 282–284, 295,

1124–1125Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 807, 811therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia

risk, 380in vitro stem cell purging, 1054

extramedullary hematopoiesis, inagnogenic myeloid metaplasia,23

extramedullary plasmacytomadescription, 547–549differential diagnosis, 619–620

extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomaclassification, 690, 696cytogenetics, 775immunology, 741pathology, 696–699

Ffamciclovir

hepatitis B virus prophylaxis, 939herpes simplex virus prophylaxis, 940,

958

Fanconi anemiadescription, 554secondary lymphomas, 888–893

clinical features, 888–892histopathology, 888–892lymphomagenesis promotion,

892–893pathogenesis, 892treatment, 893

farnesyltransferase inhibitors, chronicmyelocytic leukemia treatment,63

fas ligand, apoptosis induction in multiplemyeloma, 425–426

febrile neutropenia, see also acute febrileneutrophilic dermatosis

iatrogenically-induced neutropeniatreatment, 1127–1130

infection management, 955–964supportive care in acute lymphoblastic

leukemia patients, 279–280Felty syndrome, secondary lymphomas,

894–895ferritin, polycythemia vera diagnosis, 116fetal liver cells, stem cell transplantation

clinical trials, 1073procurement, 1065, 1069–1070

fibroblast growth factorsmultiple myeloma growth and survival

effects, 502–503in vitro evaluation, 1123

fibrosis, see also myelofibrosisin myeloproliferative disorders, 18–19

fluconazole, antifungal prophylaxis, 937,957–958, 962

fludarabineacute leukemia treatment, 327chronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 87–88, 90graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis,

1106–1107hairy cell leukemia treatment, 104lymphoma management, 654–657monoclonal gammopathy of


Waldenström’s macroglobulinemiatreatment, 567–568

fluorescent in situ hybridizationin acute leukemia monitoring, 232–233in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

monitoring, 70–73, 76in chronic myelocytic leukemia

monitoring, 45–46, 59multiple myeloma interphase cell study,

471, 499, 511–512fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission

tomography, Hodgkin’s diseasediagnosis, 799

fluoroquinolones, antibacterialprophylaxis, 936, 957

fluoxetine, depression treatment,1159–1160

folate, polycythemia vera diagnosis, 116follicular lymphoma

classification, 688–690, 694cytogenetics, 664–665, 775, 784interfollicular Hodgkin’s disease, 721pathology, 690treatment, 832–833, 837

food handling, infection prevention,928–930

formalin, hemorrhagic cystitismanagement, 1104–1105

Foscarnet, cytomegalovirus prophylaxis,937, 973

Fowler’s solution, chronic myelocyticleukemia treatment, 5

fungal infectionsantifungal prophylaxis, 936–937,

957–958, 961–963risk, 927, 955

fusion genes, Hodgkin’s disease treatment,749–750

Ggamma-radiation, see ionizing radiation;

radiation therapyganciclovir

cytomegalovirus prophylaxis, 937–938,972–973

varicella zoster virus prophylaxis, 940gastrointestinal dysfunction

α-heavy-chain disease pathology,582–583

amyloidosis, 605–606lymphomas, 741, 895Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

involvement, 565–566Gaucher’s disease, monoclonal


genetic markers, see specific diseasesγ-globulin, see immunoglobulinsGiardia, infection prevention, 929glutathione transferases

acute myeloid leukemia pathogenesis,386

multiple myeloma marker, 483glycerol, platelet storage, 1030–1031Gm factors, in immunoglobulin G, 450graft-versus-host disease

preventiongrowth factor primed cells, 1129human leukocyte antigen typing,

1089–1091infections, 926–929, 942–943, 970,

976, 1019irradiation, 1019

1178 Index






prophylaxis, 1106–1107T-cell depletion in stem cell grafts,

1051–1052in stem cell transplantation, 1072–1073,

1089–1091, 1105–1107transfusion transmission, 1023–1024

granulocyte colony-stimulating factoracute leukemia treatment, 321–322,

1124–1126cell types influenced, 1126hairy cell leukemia treatment, 106Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 801in iatrogenically-induced neutropenia

treatment, 1127–1130immune reconstitution role, 942–943,

958lenograstim, 1130mucositis management in stem cell

transplantation patients, 1103multiple myeloma relationship, 497myelodysplastic syndrome treatment,

403–404in pediatric populations, 1130peg-filgrastim, 1130stem cell donor priming, 1129stem cell transplantation trials,

1072–1073granulocyte-macrophage colony-

stimulating factoracute leukemia treatment, 1124–1126cell types influenced, 1126in iatrogenically-induced neutropenia

treatment, 1127–1130stem cell donor priming, 1129

granulocytesgranulocytic sarcomas, in acute myeloid

leukemia, 317–318granulocytopenia

historical perspectives, 135, 922–924infections, 135, 922–924, 959, 1102

transfusionclinical indications, 1040–1042collection, 1031–1032, 1129complications, 1041–1042histocompatibility issues, 1041infection management, 135, 922–924,

959, 1102overview, 1028patient care, 1102storage, 1032therapeutic transfusions, 1040–1041

growth factors, see specific factors

Hhair dye

acute leukemia risk, 169multiple myeloma risk, 439–440

hairy cell leukemiaclassification, 98–99, 689clinical manifestations, 99–100

cytochemistry, 98diagnosis, 99–101epidemiology, 12–13, 96immunohistochemistry, 99immunophenotypic profile, 98–99leukapheresis, 1010pathology, 27–29, 96–99platelet dysfunction, 1141treatment

first-line therapies, 102–105granulocyte colony-stimulating

factor, 106indications, 101–102interferon-alpha, 102–103, 105–106purine nucleoside analogues,

103–106relapsed salvage treatment, 105second malignancy treatment, 105splenectomy, 102

HAM/TSP, human T-cellleukemia/lymphotropic virusassociation, 154, 156, 158

handwashing, infection prevention,927–929

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, immunology,739–740

heartamyloidosis, 598, 602–605complications in Hodgkin’s disease

treatment, 811post transplantation


heavy-chain diseases, see also amyloidosisα-heavy-chain disease

clinical features, 580, 583–585diagnosis, 583epidemiology, 579α-heavy-chain deposition disease,

585laboratory findings, 580–581pathogenesis, 579pathology, 582–583structural protein abnormalities,

581–582treatment, 583–585

δ-heavy-chain disease, 587–588γ-heavy-chain disease

amyloidosis association, 578–579clinical features, 573–574, 577diagnosis, 576–577γ-heavy-chain deposition disease, 578laboratory findings, 574lymph node pathology, 576monoclonal immunoglobulin

relationship, 577–578structural protein abnormalities,

574–576treatment, 577

µ-heavy-chain disease

clinical course, 586–587clinical features, 585diagnosis, 586laboratory findings, 585–586µ-heavy-chain deposition disease,

587nonsecretory µ-heavy-chain disease,

587structural protein abnormalities, 586treatment, 586–587

overview, 573Helicobacter pylori, lymphomas

association, 878–879helper T cells, see CD4+

hematology, see bloodhematolymphoproliferative cancer,

multiple myeloma relationship,440

hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors,see granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulatingfactor

hematopoietic growth factor receptors,description, 1123

hematopoietic growth factors, see alsospecific factors

in supportive carein acute lymphoblastic leukemia

patients, 280in acute myeloid leukemia patients,

1124–1126anemia correction, 130, 1130–1131cell types influenced, 1126clinical applications, 1127iatrogenically-induced neutropenia

correction, 1127–1130lenograstim, 1130malignant hematopoietic cell

evaluation, 1123–1126megakarocytopoiesis, 1126peg-filgrastim, 1130platelet growth factors, 1131in vitro evaluation, 1123–1126

hematopoietic malignancies, see chroniclymphocytic leukemia; chronicmyelocytic leukemia; Hodgkin’sdisease

hematopoietic stem cells, see stem cellshemoglobin, multiple myeloma marker,

505hemolytic-DIC syndromes, drug-induced

bleeding, 1145hemorrhage, see also platelets; thrombosis

in acute lymphoblastic leukemiapatients, 280

in acute myeloid leukemia patients, 309in acute promyelocytic leukemia

patients, 355–358platelet transfusions, 1139–1140

Index 1179






hemorrhage (continued)thrombocytopenia treatment

in acute lymphoblastic leukemiapatients, 280, 1142

in blood banking patients, 1101–1102historical perspectives, 921–922

hemorrhagic cystitis, management in stemcell transplantation patients,1103–1105

heparin, systemic anticoagulation, 1006hepatic veno-occlusive disease, in stem cell


hepatitis A virusinfection prevention, 932, 984–985postexposure prophylaxis, 934

hepatitis B virusinfection prevention, 931–932, 939,

985–986postexposure prophylaxis, 934transfusion transmission, 1023

hepatitis C virusinfection prevention, 931–932, 939–940,

986–988monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significanceassociation, 637

postexposure prophylaxis, 934transfusion transmission, 1023

hepatitis G virus, infection prevention,988

hepatomegaly, in amyloidosis, 598, 605heredity, see specific diseasesherpes simplex viruses, infection

infection patterns, 968–969prevention, 940, 958, 969–970prophylaxis, 969–970risk, 927

herpes varicella zoster, see varicella zostervirus

high speed cell sorting, in vitro stem cellpurging, 1056

histiocytic neoplasms, pathology, 716–717histocompatibility, transfusion

complicationsgranulocytes, 1041platelets, 1034–1039stem cells, 1067

historical perspectivesacute leukemias, 135–138, 249chronic leukemias, 3–6, 135–138granulocyte transfusions, 1028granulocytopenia, 135, 922–924Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 800–802human leukocyte antigen typing, 1085human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic

viruses, 141–144multiple myeloma, 415–422non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas treatment,

654–657

platelet transfusions, 1028stem cell transplantation, 924, 1050,

1064, 1079, 1081, 1096Hodgkin’s disease

acquired immunodeficiency syndromeassociation, 876–877

case clustering, 677–678classification, 690, 717, 797cytogenetics, 766, 785–788Epstein-Barr virus relationship, 657,

676–677, 721, 746, 862–867, 877historical perspectives, 651–653immunophenotyping, 721, 745–748incidence, 673–676

by age, 674international variation, 674by sex, 674socioeconomic status, 674–676

molecular genetics, 677, 721overview, 673, 684–685, 687, 717–718,

796pathology

interfollicular HD, 721lymphocyte-rich classical HD,

719–720lymphocytic depleted, 720lymphocytic form, 718–719mixed cellularity, 720nodular sclerosis, 719–720pathogenesis, 657presentation patterns, 796–797

prognosis, 797–799Reed-Sternberg cell relationship, 657,

745–746, 786, 867relapse, 797, 809–812risk factors, 678, 685, 811–812staging systems, 797–799therapy-related AML/MDS risk,

372–374, 396treatment

advanced stages, 805–808chemotherapy, 748–753, 800–812combination therapy, 802, 804–807,

818–823complications, 811–813

heart, 811infertility, 812–813lungs, 811second neoplasms, 811–812thyroid, 813

early stages, 803–805general strategy, 654–657, 802–803,

805historical perspectives, 800–802infections, 969interferon-α, 751–752pretreatment evaluation, 798–799,

808–809radiation therapy

consolidation radiotherapy, 808

dose, 822field design, 820field selection, 820–822general strategy, 802–803historical perspectives, 800–802late effect surveillance, 822quality assurance, 822radioimmunotherapy, 748–753,

823salvage therapy, 808–809

relapse, 809response evaluation, 799–800salvage therapy, 808–811stem cell transplantation, 807–808

two-disease hypothesis, 721–722homoharringtonine, chronic myelocytic

leukemia treatment, 63hospital environment, see also

psychological issuesinfections prevention, 930–931,

960–961Howell-Jolly bodies, in amyloidosis, 605human herpesviruses

acquired immunodeficiency syndromeassociation, 871

infection, 968, 977multiple myeloma role, 482, 493

human immunodeficiency virus, see alsoacquired immunodeficiencysyndrome

infection prevention, 931–932, 989postexposure prophylaxis, 934

human keratinocyte growth factor,mucositis management in stemcell transplantation patients,1103

human leukocyte antigen typing, stem celltransplantation

cord blood, 1081genomic matching, 1087–1091

for graft failure, 1088–1089for graft-versus-host disease,

1089–1091for survival, 1089–1091

HLA class I genes, 1085HLA class II genes, 1085–1086for the human platelet alloantigen

system, 1091–1092methodology, 1086–1087

array technology, 1087reference-stand conformational

analysis, 1087sequence-based typing, 1086–1087sequence-specific oligonucleotide

probes, 1086–1087sequence-specific primers, 1086

overview, 1085, 1092human platelet alloantigen system, human

leukocyte antigen typing,1091–1092

1180 Index






human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropicviruses

acute leukemia association, in adults,169

adult T-cell leukemia associationclinicopathological features, 156–157,

709development, 143, 153–156treatment, 157–158

characterization, 144–145detection, 144–145discovery, 141–144epidemiology, 144HAM/TSP association, 154, 156, 158HTLV-2-induced diseases, 158life cycle, 145–147lymphomagenesis role, 662–663,

744–745, 844, 877–878molecular biology, 145–147overview, 141pathogenesis, 147–156

redox control modulation, 152–153Tax protein effects, 148–152

antigen-dependent T-cellactivation, 148–149

apoptosis inhibition, 150, 153hypercalcemia induction, 709JAK/STAT pathway manipulation,

150mutation frequency acceleration,

152nuclear factor ΚB trans-activation,

147–148, 151p53-mediated cell cycle arrest

inhibition, 150, 153Rb-mediated tumor suppression

inhibition, 150, 152receptor-mediated apoptotic

signaling protection, 150–152,154

phylogeny, 144hyaluronan, multiple myeloma growth

and survival role, 499, 502hybridoma growth factor, see interleukin-6hydroxyurea

acute myeloid leukemia risk, 380agnogenic myeloid metaplasia

treatment, 130antithrombotic effects, 1140chronic myelocytic leukemia treatment,

57, 59, 61essential thrombocythemia treatment,

127myelodysplastic syndrome treatment,

380, 405polycythemia vera treatment, 119

hygiene, infection prevention, 927–930food handling, 928–930handwashing, 927–929mucosal care, 929, 959–960

pet handling, 929–930skin care, 928–929

hypercalcemiain acute myeloid leukemia patients, 319δ-heavy-chain disease diagnosis, 574in multiple myeloma, 527, 535neurologic manifestations, 549treatment, 535

hypereosinophilic syndromes,leukapheresis, 1009–1010

hypergammaglobulinemia, monoclonalgammopathy of undeterminedsignificance association, 636

hyperleukocytosis, in acute myeloidleukemia patients, 309, 1008

hyperparathyroidism, monoclonalgammopathy of undeterminedsignificance association, 630

hyperuricemia, treatment, 279hyperviscosity syndrome

neurologic manifestations, 549plasma exchange, 1012red cell transfusions, 1020treatment in multiple myeloma,

535–536in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia,

564hypocellular acute myeloid leukemia,

classification, 184hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome,

classification, 187hypocholesterolemia, in acute myeloid

leukemia patients, 319hypothyroidism, therapy-related

Hodgkin’s disease treatmentrisk, 813

IICAM-1, multiple myeloma growth and

survival effects, 482, 497,501–502

idarubicin, acute leukemia treatment,282–283, 295, 322, 357–358

ifosfamideα-heavy-chain disease treatment, 584Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 811

Igλ loci, translocations in multiplemyeloma, 474

imipramine, depression treatment,1159–1160

immune system, see also antibodies;immunoglobulins

alloimmunizationplatelet transfusions, 1034–1039prevention, 1038–1039red cell transfusions, 1024

in chronic lymphocytic leukemiaautoimmune complications, 85, 90,

1020–1021immune impairment, 10, 85

HLA typing, see human leukocyteantigen typing

immune reconstitution, 942–943, 958immunomodulation in red cell

transfusions, 1024in monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significance, 636in multiple myeloma

chronic immune stimulation, 440immune alterations, 503–504prognostic factors, 515

immune thrombocytopenic purpura,thrombosis association,1142–1143

immunizationalloimmunization

platelet transfusions, 1034–1039prevention, 1038–1039red cell transfusions, 1024

infection prevention, 931, 934postexposure prophylaxis, 934–935,

943post-transplant vaccination, 1108–1109

immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, seeangioimmunoblastic T-celllymphoma

immunoelectrophoresis, see alsoelectrophoresis

γ-heavy-chain disease diagnosis,576–577

monoclonal protein serum analysis,459–460, 621–622

urine protein analysis, 465, 621–622immunofixation

γ-heavy-chain disease diagnosis,576–577

monoclonal protein serum analysis,458–459

urine protein analysis, 464–465immunoglobulin receptor gene,

rearrangements in multiplemyeloma plasma cells, 477–478

immunoglobulins, see also antibodies;monoclonal proteins

cytapheresis, 1007gene structure, 452–454immunoglobulin A

α-heavy-chain disease association,579–585

in amyloidosis, 626classification, 446clinical manifestations in myelomas,

556joining chains, 451in monoclonal gammopathies of

undetermined significance,619–621, 625–626, 634

in multiple myeloma, 478–479, 626properties, 446–447, 450secretory IgA, 450–451

Index 1181






immunoglobulins (continued)immunoglobulin D

classification, 446clinical manifestations in myelomas,

556IgD multiple myeloma, 555–556in monoclonal gammopathies of

undetermined significance,619–621, 625–626

properties, 446–447, 452immunoglobulin E

classification, 446IgE multiple myeloma, 556in monoclonal gammopathies of

undetermined significance,619–621, 625–626

properties, 446–447, 452immunoglobulin G

in amyloidosis, 626classification, 446clinical manifestations in myelomas,

556Fab fragments, 449–450Fc fragments, 449–450Gm factors, 450heavy chains, 446–448light chains, 448–449in monoclonal gammopathies of

undetermined significance,619–622, 625–626, 634, 637

in multiple myeloma, 478–479,527–530, 626

properties, 446–447immunoglobulin H, in multiple

myeloma, 499immunoglobulin M

in amyloidosis, 626, 632classification, 446deficiency, secondary lymphomas,

888–893in monoclonal gammopathies of

undetermined significance,619–621, 625–626, 634

in multiple myeloma, 478–479, 626,632

properties, 446–447, 451–452, 632in Waldenström’s

macroglobulinemia, 562–567,626, 632

immunoglobulin S, in monoclonalgammopathies of undeterminedsignificance, 637

monoclonal protein relationship,454–455, 577–578

overview, 446–447study methods, 455–465

serum analysis, 455–463cryoglobulin analysis, 462–463electrophoresis, 455–458immunoelectrophoresis, 459–460

immunofixation, 458–459immunosubtraction, 459nephelometry, 460, 462practical identification approaches,

461serum viscometry, 462

urine protein analysiselectrophoresis, 463–464, 621–622immunoelectrophoresis, 465,

621–622immunofixation, 464–465

immunomagnetic depletion, in vitro stemcell purging, 1055

immunophenotypingacute leukemias

classificationacute erythroid leukemia, 219acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 178,

194–197, 252–253, 276–277acute megakaryocytic leukemia,

219acute myeloid leukemia, 180,

194–195, 197, 735hairy cell leukemia, 98–99schemes, 180, 194–197, 215–219

development, 196–197lineage-foreign antigen expression,

199lineage-specific markers, 197–199methods, 200–201morphology compared, 194–195performance timing, 201–203

minimal residual disease, 202–203relapse, 201–202

tissue preference, 200–201chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 84–85,

735lymphomas

B-cell type non-Hodgkin’slymphomas, 738–741

Burkitt’s lymphoma, 706Hodgkin’s disease, 721, 745–748T-cell type non-Hodgkin’s

lymphomas, 741–745immunosubtraction, monoclonal protein

serum analysis, 459immunotactoid glomerulopathy

syndrome, description, 555immunotherapy, see also

radioimmunotherapyacute lymphoblastic leukemia

treatment, 297lymphomas treatment, 734, 748–753myelodysplastic syndrome treatment,

405post-solid organ transplantation


indarubicin, acute leukemia treatment,1125

infectionsgranulocytopenia relationship, 135,

922–924, 959, 1102management

in acute lymphoblastic leukemiapatients, 279–280

in acute myeloid leukemia patients,318

adjunctive measures, 958–959aspergillosis, 930, 936–937, 957,

962–963candidiasis, 936–937, 957, 962empiric therapy, 959–961evaluation, 955–959, 961fever care, 963–964fungal infections, 936–937, 957–963granulocyte transfusion, 959, 1102growth factor therapy, 958immune reconstitution, 942–943,

958in monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significance, 636neutropenia, 955–964overview, 955, 964platelet transfusions, 1039–1040postexposure prophylaxis, 934–935,

958–959stem cell transfusion, 932, 955, 958treatment, 924viral infections, 937–941, 968–989in Waldenström’s

macroglobulinemia, 566multiple myeloma relationship, 440,

530neurologic manifestations, 549prevention

environmental precautions, 928,930–931

hospital environment, 930–931,960–961

household exposure, 931immunization, 931, 934latrogenic procedures, 931–933

blood transfusion, 931–932bone marrow infusions, 932–933invasive procedures, 931stem cell infusions, 932–933

overview, 926personal hygiene, 927–930

food handling, 928–930handwashing, 927–929mucosal care, 929, 959–960pet handling, 929–930skin care, 929

risk-targeted approach, 926systemic chemoprophylaxis, 935–943

antibacterial prophylaxis, 936, 957antifungal prophylaxis, 936–937,

957–958antimycobacterial prophylaxis, 942

1182 Index






antiparasitic prophylaxis, 941–942antiviral prophylaxis, 937–941,

968–989travel-related infections, 933–934

infertilityHodgkin’s disease treatment risk,

812–813management, 1162

influenza virus, infectiondetection, 982postexposure prophylaxis, 935, 940prevention, 983–984risk, 927, 981–982treatment, 982–983

insulin-like growth factor-1, multiplemyeloma relationship, 497–498,500–502

interferon-αadult T-cell leukemia treatment, 157cell types influenced, 1126chronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 88–89chronic myelocytic leukemia treatment,

59–62essential thrombocythemia treatment,

127hairy cell leukemia treatment, 102–103,

105–106Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 751–752multiple myeloma treatment, 537–538polycythemia vera treatment, 120respiratory syncytial virus treatment, 981Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 568interferon-γ, multiple myeloma treatment,

424interleukin-1

coagulopathy in acute promyelocyticleukemia patients, 355–356

megakarocytopoiesis role, 1126interleukin-1β, multiple myeloma growth

and survival role, 427–428, 492,497–498, 502

interleukin-2acute leukemia treatment, 282, 295, 328cell types influenced, 1126Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 749–750multiple myeloma growth and survival,

429, 497, 513–514signaling pathway activation by Tax

protein, 151interleukin-3

cell types influenced, 1126megakarocytopoiesis role, 1126multiple myeloma growth and survival

role, 428interleukin-4

cell types influenced, 1126in vitro evaluation, 1123

interleukin-5, cell types influenced, 1126

interleukin-6cell types influenced, 1126in vitro evaluation, 1123monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significancerelationship, 492–498

multiple myeloma growth and survivalsignaling pathways, 424–427,479, 482, 492–502, 513

interleukin-7, cell types influenced, 1126interleukin-8, cell types influenced, 1126interleukin-9

cell types influenced, 1126in vitro evaluation, 1123

interleukin-10, cell types influenced, 1126interleukin-11

cell types influenced, 1126megakarocytopoiesis role, 1126thrombocytopenia treatment, 1131

interleukin-12, cell types influenced, 1126interleukin-6 antibodies, multiple

myeloma treatment, 540intravascular large B-cell lymphoma,

pathology, 703ionizing radiation

acute leukemia associationin adults, 169in children, 166therapy-related risk, 373, 380–381

chronic myelocytic leukemia risk, 11multiple myeloma risk, 438red cell modification, 1019

isoniazid, mycobacterial prophylaxis, 942itraconazole, antifungal prophylaxis, 937,

957ivermectin, strongyloidiasis prophylaxis, 942

JJAK/STAT pathway

activation, in chronic myelocyticleukemia, 41–42

manipulation, Tax protein effects, 150multiple myeloma growth and survival

signaling, 424–426, 478–481,491, 500–501

janus tyrosine kinases, multiple myelomagrowth and survival signalingpathways, 424–426

job related risks, see occupationalexposures; specific exposures

juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia,classification, 188

KKaposi’s sarcoma, monoclonal


Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirusacquired immunodeficiency syndrome

association, 871

Waldenström’s macroglobulinemiarelationship, 563

kidneys, see renal dysfunction; renalfunction

Ki-1 lymphoma, see cutaneous cellanaplastic large cell lymphoma

Kit ligand, cell types influenced, 1126

Llactic dehydrogenase, multiple myeloma

prognosis, 514lamivudine, hepatitis B virus prophylaxis,

939laparotomy, lymphoma management,

654–657large cell lymphomas, see anaplastic large

cell lymphomas; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; intravascularlarge B-cell lymphoma

laxatives, multiple myeloma risk, 440Lennert’s lymphoma

classification, 689immunology, 744

lenograstim, description, 1130leukapheresis

leukocyte-reduced platelets, 1029–1030leukocyte-reduced red cells, 1018lymphoproliferative disorders,

1010–1011myeloid disorders, 5, 57, 1008–1010

leukemia inhibitory factor, cell typesinfluenced, 1126

leukemias, see acute lymphoblasticleukemia; acute myeloidleukemia; chronic lymphocyticleukemia; chronic myelocyticleukemia; hairy cell leukemia

leukostasis, in chronic myelocyticleukemia, 20

LFA-1, multiple myeloma growth andsurvival effects, 482, 501–502

lichen myxedematosus, monoclonalgammopathy of undeterminedsignificance association, 635

light chain disease, clinical manifestationsin myelomas, 556

liveramyloidosis, 598, 605hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, 710polycythemia vera diagnosis, 116–117

lorazepam, anxiety treatment, 1157lung cancer

bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, 963second tumors

in chronic lymphocytic leukemia,90

post-solid organ transplantationlymphoproliferative disorders,880–882

Index 1183






lupus erythematosus, monoclonalgammopathy of undeterminedsignificance association,632–633

lymphoblastic lymphoma, see also acutelymphoblastic leukemia

angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma,690, 715–716, 781

in childrenclinical presentation, 848molecular biology, 847pathology, 846, 859treatment, 854–856

cytogenetics, 779precursor T-cell lymphoblastic

lymphoma, 706–707lymphoblastic transformation, in chronic

myelocytic leukemia, 22lymphocytopheresis, description, 1007,

1012lymphocytotoxic antibody, in platelet

transfusions, 1035lymphogranulomatosis X, see

angioimmunoblastic T-celllymphoma

lymphomasBurkitt’s lymphoma, see Burkitt’s

lymphomacytogenetics, 657, 766–788diagnosis, 654etiology, 657–658historical perspectives, 651–658Hodgkin’s disease, see Hodgkin’s diseaseimmunology

immunophenotyping, 706, 721,734–748

immunotherapy, 734, 748–753lymphomagenesis

in AIDS-associated lymphomas,667–668

chromosomal translocations, 662in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 76,

663–664in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,

665–667, 777–778in follicular lymphoma, 664–665in mantle-cell lymphoma, 665–666,

776–777, 831oncogenic viruses, 662–663tumor suppressor genes, 662, 667,

781molecular genetics, 657–658mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

lymphoma, 583non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, see non-

Hodgkin’s lymphomaspost-thymic lymphomas, 742secondary lymphomas, 862–896

in autoimmune disease settings,893–896

autoimmunity relationship, 894–896pathogenesis, 896

bacteria, 878–879Borrelia burgdorferi, 879Helicobacter pylori, 878–879

in congenital immunodeficiencydisease settings, 888–893

clinical features, 888–892histopathology, 888–892lymphomagenesis promotion,


in transplantation settings, 879–888bone marrow transplants, 886–888clinical features, 881–883epidemiology, 879–881, 886–887histopathology, 881–883pathogenesis, 883–885post-transplant lymphoma

treatment, 885–886solid organ transplants, 879–886

virusesAIDS-associated lymphomas,

656–657, 662, 667–668,837–838, 867–877

Epstein-Barr virus association, 657,662, 684, 721, 740, 746, 844,862–867, 873

human T-cellleukemia/lymphotropic viruses,662–663, 744–745, 844, 877–878

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associatedlymphomas, 563, 871

T-cell lymphoma, seeangioimmunoblastic T-celllymphoma; cutaneous T-celllymphoma; peripheral T-celllymphomas; T-cell lymphoidneoplasms

treatmentchemotherapy, 748–753, 800–812,

833historical perspectives, 654–657immunotherapy, 734, 748–753radiation therapy, 748, 800, 803,

808–809, 818–823radioimmunotherapy, 748–753, 823

viral association, 657lymphomatoid granulomatosis

lymphoma, pathology, 703lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas

classification, 688–690, 692cytogenetics, 665pathology, 692–693

lymphoproliferative disease, see chroniclymphocytic leukemia; hairy cellleukemia; heavy-chain diseases;Waldenström’smacroglobulinemia

macroglobulinemia, see Waldenström’smacroglobulinemia

macrophage inflammatory protein-1αcell types influenced, 1126multiple myeloma growth and survival

role, 498mafosfamide, in vitro stem cell purging,

1054, 1057magnetic fields, acute leukemia

association, 166magnetic resonance imaging

Hodgkin’s disease diagnosis, 797–800lymphoma diagnosis, 654

malaria, infection prevention, 933–934malignant lymphoma, see mantle-cell

lymphomamantle-cell lymphoma

classification, 690, 693cytogenetics, 665–666, 776–777, 831pathology, 693–694

MAP kinase, see Mitogen-activated proteinkinase

markers, see specific diseasesmast cells, acute leukemia

immunophenotyping, 207–208matrix metalloproteinase, multiple

myeloma growth and survivalrole, 498–499, 502

Mayo clinic, monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significancestudy, 620–627

initial findings, 620–622associated diseases, 622chemistry values, 620–621hematologic values, 620–621immunoelectrophoresis, 621–622physical examination, 620serum electrophoresis, 621urinary electrophoresis, 621–622

24-38 year follow-up, 621–627benign group, 621–622development related disease group,

621, 623–624died without related disease

development group, 621, 623immunoglobulin group analysis, 621,

624–625long-term results from other series,

625–626M-proteincrease group, 621–623

measles, postexposure prophylaxis, 935mechlorethamine

Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 800–811,821

lymphoma management, 654–657Mediterranean lymphoma, see mucosa-

associated lymphoid tissuemegakaryoblastic leukemia, classification,

176, 182–183

1184 Index






megakaryocyte growth and developmentfactor, acute leukemia treatment,329

megakaryocytesmegakarocytopoiesis, growth factors

involved, 1126stem cell commitment, 208

melphalanamyloidosis treatment, 609–610γ-heavy-chain disease treatment, 577multiple myeloma treatment, 536myelodysplastic syndrome risk, 396osteosclerotic myeloma treatment, 635Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 566–567meningeal myelomatosis

description, 550–551neurologic manifestations, 549

mercaptopurine, acute leukemiatreatment, 135–136, 256–257,281–285

merocyanine, in vitro stem cell purging,1054

methotrexateα-heavy-chain disease treatment, 584acute leukemia treatment, 135–136,

256–258, 281–287, 295large-cell lymphoma treatment, 856

methylphenidate, depression treatment,1159–1160

methyl-prednisolone, in vitro stem cellpurging, 1054

metronidazole, antibacterial prophylaxis,936

miantrone, acute leukemia treatment,282–284, 295

β2-microglobulin, in multiple myeloma,492, 511, 533–534

mineral oil, multiple myeloma risk, 440minimal residual disease

in acute lymphoblastic leukemiaadapted treatment, 293, 296detection, 278–279immunophenotyping, performance

timing, 202–203outcome, 1056–1057

in multiple myeloma, detection, 478mirtazapine, depression treatment,

1159–1160mithramycin

hypercalcemia treatment, 535multiple myeloma treatment, 535

mitogen-activated protein kinase, multiplemyeloma growth and survivalsignaling pathways, 424–426,478–481, 500–501

mitoxantroneacute leukemia treatment, 327,

1124–1125acute myeloid leukemia risk, 380

molecular genetics, see specific diseasesmonoclonal antibodies

adult T-cell leukemia treatment, 157chronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 89respiratory syncytial virus treatment,

981in vitro stem cell purging, 1055

monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significance

associated diseases, 630–637connective tissue disease, 632–633dermatologic diseases, 635–636Gaucher’s disease, 632hepatitis C virus, 637immunosuppression, 636leukemia, 631–632lymphoproliferative disorders,

630–632multiple myeloma, 440neurologic disorders, 633–635osteosclerotic myeloma, 635rheumatoid arthritis, 632–633Schönlein-Henoch purpura, 637von Willebrand disease, 632

characterization, 619–620diagnosis, 506–507, 531differential diagnosis, 619, 627–630Mayo clinic study, 620–627

initial findings, 620–622associated diseases, 622chemistry values, 620–621hematologic values, 620–621immunoelectrophoresis, 621–622physical examination, 620serum electrophoresis, 621urinary electrophoresis, 621–622

24-38 year follow-up, 621–627benign group, 621–622development related disease group,

621, 623–624died without related disease

development group, 621, 623immunoglobulin group analysis,

621, 624–625long-term results from other

series, 625–626M-proteincrease group, 621–623

multiple myeloma relationship, 483,488–507

overview, 619prognosis, 626–627progression, 490–506

clinical changes, 490events, 490–506

adhesion, 492, 501–502angiogenesis, 428–429, 502–503,

512–513apoptosis, 494bone-stroma interactions, 498–499

cell signaling, 500–501cellular markers, 501–502circulation, 494–495cytogenetic alterations, 499, 505cytokines, 495–498growth factors, 495–498immune alterations, 503–504morphology, 493oncogenes, 499–500, 512proliferation, 493–494serum markers, 504–505soluble receptors, 498, 513spread, 494–495

plasma cell labeling index, 494,510–511, 516

variants, 637–639benign monoclonal light chain

proteinuria, 638biclonal gammopathy, 637–638IgD MGUS, 638–639triclonal gammopathy, 638

monoclonal proteinsγ-heavy-chain disease relationship,

577–578immunoglobulin relationship, 454–455overproduction patterns, 455overview, 446, 454study methods, 455–465

serum analysis, 455–463cryoglobulin analysis, 462–463electrophoresis, 455–458, 621immunoelectrophoresis, 459–460,

621–622immunofixation, 458–459immunosubtraction, 459nephelometry, 460, 462practical identification approaches,

461serum viscometry, 462

urine protein analysis, 463–465electrophoresis, 463–464, 621–622immunoelectrophoresis, 465,


MOPP, see mechlorethamine; oncovin;prednisone; procarbazine

M-proteinin amyloidosis, 599, 623–624, 631in connective tissue disease, 632–633in dermatologic diseases, 635–636in Gaucher’s disease, 632in hepatitis C virus, 637in immunoglobulin D multiple

myeloma, 555–556in leukemia, 631–632in lymphoproliferative disorders,

630–632in monoclonal gammopathies, see

monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significance

Index 1185






M-protein (continued)in neurologic disorders, 633–635in osteosclerotic myeloma, 635peripheral polyneuropathy diagnosis,

551–552POEMS syndrome diagnosis, 552,

635–636in rheumatoid arthritis, 632–633in Schönlein-Henoch purpura, 637in von Willebrand disease, 632

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissuein autoimmune diseases, 894–895description, 583Helicobacter pylori association, 878–879

mucosal care, infection prevention, 929,959–960

mucositis, in stem cell transplantationpatients, 1103

multiple myelomaclinical manifestations, 527–531

acute terminal phase, 556–557bone marrow failure, 529–530infections, 440, 530kidneys, 530–531primary immune deficits, 530serum immunoglobulins, 527–529skeleton, 527

cytogeneticsaneuploidy, 471, 515–516conventional studies, 470–471, 499donor chromosome theory, 474Igλ translocations, 474interphase cells, 47117p13.1 deletions, 472prognostic factors, 511–51213q deletions, 471–47214q32 translocations, 472–474

description, 424, 434, 441, 477, 488diagnosis

clinical findings, 506–507, 531differential diagnosis, 619–620laboratory findings, 531–532

epidemiology, 434–441international patterns, 436–438U.S. patterns

incidence, 435–436mortality, 434survival, 434–435

etiologic factors, 438–441genetic factors, 440–441ionizing radiation, 438lifestyle, 439–440medical conditions, 440medications, 440occupational exposures, 438–439

growth signaling pathway factorsinterleukin-1, 427–428interleukin-6, 424–427, 479, 482,

492–502, 513transforming growth factor β, 427

historical perspectives, 415–422immunoglobulin D multiple myeloma,

555–556immunoglobulin E multiple myeloma,

556molecular genetics

bone marrow microenvironment forcell growth

adhesion molecule interactions,482, 492, 501–502

cytokine interactions, 482human herpesvirus 8 interactions,

482, 493overview, 477, 481–482plasma cell labeling index, 494,

510–511, 516, 532–534drug resistance, 482, 515future research directions, 483–484genetic abnormalities, 479–481

apoptosis affects, 424–426, 481,491, 494

cell cycle affects, 480–481signal transduction affects,

479–480immunoglobulin receptor gene

rearrangements, 477–478interleukin-6 role, 424–427, 479, 482,

492–498minimal residual disease detection,

478myeloma plasma cell clonal

precursors, 478–479permeability glycoprotein expression,

482related disorders, 440, 483

monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significancerelationship, 440, 483, 488–506,623–624

nonsecretory multiple myeloma, 556,619

prognostic factorsangiogenesis, 428–429, 502–503,

512–513beta2-microglobulin, 492, 511bone markers, 513–514cell kinetics, 510–511circulating myeloma plasma cells,

511clinical staging, 508–509, 516cytogenetics, 511–512cytokines, 513DNA aneuploidy, 471, 515–516DNA array techniques, 516drug resistance, 482, 515future research directions, 516–517in high-dose therapy, 516immune cells, 515leukemia development, 534malignant clone properties, 532–533

myeloma cell morphology, 493,509–510

oncogenes, 499–500, 512phenotyping, 515plasma cell labeling index, 494,

510–511, 516, 532–534renal function, 533soluble receptors, 498, 513tumor–host interactions, 533–534tumor mass, 533tumor suppressor genes, 512

progressionclinical changes, 490, 507–508events, 490–506

adhesion, 482, 492, 501–502angiogenesis, 428–429, 502–503,

512–513apoptosis, 424–426, 481, 491, 494bone-stroma interactions, 498–499cell signaling, 500–501cellular markers, 501–502circulation, 494–495cytogenetic alterations, 470–474,

499, 505cytokines, 495–498growth factors, 495–498immune alterations, 503–504morphology, 493, 509–510oncogenes, 499–500, 512proliferation, 493–494serum markers, 429, 504–505soluble receptors, 498, 513spread, 494–495

survival pathway factorsangiogenic factors, 428–429,

502–503, 512–513interleukins, 428RANK-ligand, 428, 493serum cytokine/receptor levels, 429,

504–505tumor necrosis factor α, 428

therapy-related acute myeloid leukemiarisk, 374–375

treatmentantibodies, 540chemotherapy

combination therapy, 537–538corticosteroids, 536cyclophosphamide, 536–537drug resistance, 540high-dose therapy, 538–539interferon-α, 537–538melphalan, 536thalidomide, 541vincristine, 537

drug resistance, 482, 515, 540erythropoietin, 540, 1021immune-based therapy, 540–541in vitro purging, 1058maintenance therapy, 538

1186 Index






overview, 429–431, 482, 534–535radiation therapy, 538symptom management

bony disease, 536cryoglobulinemia, 536hypercalcemia, 535hyperviscosity, 535–536

transplantation therapyallogeneic transplantation, 539autologous transplantation,

539–540stem cell transplantation, 538–539

tumor staging, 532–534mumps, postexposure prophylaxis, 935Mycobacterium avium, infection

prevention, 929Mycobacterium marinum, infection

prevention, 929Mycobacterium tuberculosis, infection

prevention, 930, 942mycophenolate mofetil, graft-versus-host

disease prophylaxis, 1106–1107mycosis fungoides

classification, 688–690pathology, 711–713

myelin-associated glycoprotein, inWaldenström’smacroglobulinemia, 564–565

myelodysplastic syndromesin children, 188, 400classification, 185–188, 397–400

bone marrow histology, 186, 396,400–402

chronic myelomonocytic leukemia,187, 398–399

disease types, 187–188dysplasia characteristics, 186hypoplastic MDS, 399morphologic subtypes, 186–187myeloproliferative disorders, 399pediatric MDS, 188, 4005q-syndrome, 399refractory anemia, 186–187, 397–398therapy-related MDS, 188, 370, 387,

400clinical features, 400–403diagnosis, 176–177, 185–186, 400etiology, 395–397future research directions, 406laboratory features

bone marrow, 186, 396, 400–402neutrophils, 401platelets, 401–402red blood cells, 401

overview, 176, 185, 395, 406pathogenesis, 395–397prognosis, 402–403therapy-related myelodysplastic

syndromeacute leukemic phase, 371

classification, 188, 370, 387, 400future research directions, 382–383karyotypic abnormalities in t-MDS/

t-AML, 371–372latency, 372–373overview, 188, 370, 387pathogenesis, 383–387

age relationship, 387clonality, 386–387DNA control, 383–386etiologic factors, 383immunosurveillance decrease, 383long latency, 386natural history, 383occupational risks, 387sequence alteration, 383–386

preleukemic phase, 370–371risk

autologous hematopoietic stem celltransplantation, 377–379

breast cancer, 377chemotherapeutic drugs, 370, 373,

379–380Hodgkin’s disease, 372–374, 396multiple myeloma, 374–375non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 374nonmalignant hematologic disease,

379ovarian cancer, 375–376radiation, 380–381testicular cancer, 376–377

treatment, 381–382, 403–406chemotherapy, 381–382, 404–406

intensive therapy, 405–406low-dose therapy, 404–405

immunosuppressive therapy, 405recombinant growth factors, 403–404stem cell transplantation, 406supportive therapy, 403

myelofibrosisclassification, 400diagnosis, 126epidemiology, 13essential thrombocythemia

differentiation, 126myeloid stem cells, see stem cellsmyeloma kidney, description, 553–554myeloma proteins, see monoclonal proteinsmyeloperoxidase

acute myeloid leukemia classification, 180multiple myeloma marker, 483

myeloperoxidase protein, in acutelymphoblastic leukemiadiagnosis, 212

myeloproliferative disorders, see alsochronic myelocytic leukemia;polycythemia vera

classification, 17–18, 399overview, 16pathophysiology, 16–17reactive fibrosis, 18–19

N-acetyl transferase 2, multiple myelomamarker, 483

natural killer cellsdevelopment, 211in neoplasm classification, 25stem cell commitment, 209

nausea, stem cell transplantation patientcare, 1099

NCAM, multiple myeloma growth andsurvival effects, 482, 492, 496,501–502

necrobiotic xanthogranuloma,monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significanceassociation, 635

necrotizing enterocolitis, in acute myeloidleukemia patients, 318

nefazodone, depression treatment,1159–1160

nephelometry, monoclonal protein serumanalysis, 460, 462

nephrotic syndrome, in amyloidosis, 602nervous system

amyloidosis, 606–607central nervous system therapy

acute lymphoblastic leukemiatreatment, 285–287

complications, 286–287established disease, 286prophylactic therapy, 285–286

in acute myeloid leukemiaCNS leukemia, 328prophylaxis therapy, 310

neuraminidase, graft-versus-host diseaseprophylaxis, 1106–1107

neuraminidase inhibitors, influenza virustreatment, 983

neurofibromatosis, chronic myelocyticleukemia risk, 12

neurologic disorders, monoclonalgammopathy of undeterminedsignificance association, 633–635

neutropeniaiatrogenically-induced neutropenia

treatment, 1127–1130infection management, 955–964supportive care in acute lymphoblastic

leukemia patients, 279–280neutrophilia, plasma cell neoplasia

relationship, 553neutrophils, myelodysplastic syndrome

diagnosis, 401NF-ΚB, see nuclear factor ΚBNijmegen breakage syndrome, secondary

lymphomas, 888–893clinical features, 888–892histopathology, 888–892lymphomagenesis promotion, 892–893pathogenesis, 892treatment, 893

Index 1187






nitrogen mustardchronic myelocytic leukemia treatment,

5lymphoma management, 654–657

nitrosurea, Waldenström’smacroglobulinemia treatment,566–567

NK-cell leukemiaclassification, 690extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma,

709–710pathology, 708–709

nodular sclerosis, in Hodgkin’s disease,719–720

non-Hodgkin’s lymphomasAIDS-related disease, 682, 830,

837–838, 868–870B-cell lymphoid neoplasms, see B-cell

lymphoid neoplasmsBurkitt’s lymphoma, see Burkitt’s

lymphomain children, 843–859

classification, 844clinical presentation, 847–848diagnosis, 848–849epidemiology, 843etiology, 843–844molecular biology, 847pathology, 844–846prognosis, 849–850staging, 849treatment

chemotherapy, 850–858future research directions, 858–859relapse treatment, 858

classification, 688–690clinical presentation, 827–828composite lymphoma, 722in congenital immunodeficiency

diseases, 888–893clinical features, 888–892histopathology, 888–892lymphomagenesis promotion,


cytogeneticsabnormalities, 767–773anaplastic large cell lymphomas, 780chronic lymphocytic leukemia,

773–775diffuse large cell lymphoma, 665–667,

777–778extranodal marginal zone B-cell

lymphoma, 775follicular lymphomas, 775–776lymphoblastic lymphoma, 779mantle cell lymphoma, 665–666,

776–777, 831modal chromosomal number, 767

morphologic correlations, 773mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

lymphoma, 775normal karyotypes, 767overview, 766, 787–788peripheral T-cell lymphomas,

779–780prognostic relevant features, 781–785small lymphocytic lymphoma,

773–775small noncleaved cell lymphoma,

779, 831success rates, 766–767tumor progression, 780–781

diagnosis, 828familial aggregation, 682–683historical perspectives, 653–654immunodeficiency, 681–682immunophenotyping

B-cell type, 738–741T-cell type, 741–745

incidence, 678–681international variation, 678overview, 673, 684–685, 687, 827, 862prognosis, 781–785, 829–831

age, 830–831disease sites, 829histopathology, 829international prognostic index, 831laboratory analysis, 831systemic symptoms, 830tumor bulk, 831

relapse, 834–835, 837risk factors, 683, 685skin cancer relationship, 683staging, 828–830T-cell lymphoid neoplasms, see T-cell

lymphoid neoplasmstreatment

aggressive lymphomas, 833–834background, 831–832bone marrow transplantation,

835–837, 1057–1058chemotherapy, 655–656, 833–834,

850–858combination therapy, 802, 804–807,

818–823future research directions, 837high-grade lymphomas, 834historical perspectives, 654–657indolent histologic subtypes, 832–833infections, 969in vitro purging, 1057–1058post-solid organ transplantation


radiation therapy, 655, 818–823,849–850

risk-adapted therapy, 819salvage therapy, 834–835

therapy-related acute myeloidleukemia risk, 374

nonmalignant hematologic disease,therapy-related acute myeloidleukemia risk, 379

nortriptyline, depression treatment,1159–1160

Norwalk virus, infection, 977–978novel erythropoiesis-stimulating protein,

anemia treatment, 1131NPM-RARα fusion gene, acute

promyelocytic leukemiaassociation, 347

NQO1 gene, therapy-related acute myeloidleukemia pathogenesis, 386

nuclear factor ΚBmultiple myeloma growth and survival

signaling pathways, 478–481, 502trans-activation, Tax protein effects in

human T-cellleukemia/lymphotropic viruspathogenesis, 147–148, 151

nuclear phosphoprotein gene, inanaplastic large cell lymphomas,780

NuMA-RARα fusion gene, acutepromyelocytic leukemiaassociation, 338, 347

Ooccupational exposures, see also specific

exposuresacute leukemia association

in adults, 168, 387in children, 165, 387

chronic lymphocytic leukemiaassociation, 10

chronic myelocytic leukemiaassociation, 11–12

multiple myeloma risk, 438–439oligonucleotide probes, in human

leukocyte antigen typing,1086–1087

oncovinα-heavy-chain disease treatment, 584acute leukemia treatment, 135–136,

255–257, 280–284, 295adult T-cell leukemia treatment, 157amyloidosis treatment, 610γ-heavy-chain disease treatment, 577Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 751–752,

800–811, 821lymphoma management, 654–657, 821,

856µ-heavy-chain disease treatment, 587multiple myeloma treatment, 537Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 566–567organs, see also specific organs

amyloidosis, 602–608

1188 Index






post-solid organ transplantationlymphoproliferative disorders,879–866

clinical features, 881–883, 1108epidemiology, 879–881histopathology, 881–883pathogenesis, 883–885treatment, 885–886

oseltamivir, influenza virus treatment, 983osteoblastic factors, multiple myeloma

prognosis, 513–514osteocalcin, multiple myeloma marker,

504–505osteoclast-activating factors

hypercalcemia treatment, 535multiple myeloma treatment, 535

osteoprotegerin, multiple myelomagrowth and survival effects,492–493

osteosclerotic myelomaclinical manifestations, 552monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significanceassociation, 633, 635

treatment, 635ovarian cancer, therapy-related acute

myeloid leukemia risk, 375–376oxacillin, infection management, 956oxygen saturation, polycythemia vera

diagnosis, 117oxymetholone, anemia treatment, 130

Pp15 gene, in multiple myeloma, 491–492p16 gene, in multiple myeloma, 427,

491–492p16INK4a gene, therapy-related acute


p53 tumor suppressor genein Burkitt’s lymphoma, 667in chronic lymphocytic leukemia,

73–74, 664lymphomagenesis role, 662, 667, 781in multiple myeloma, 500, 512

p53 tumor suppressor proteininhibition by Tax protein human T-cell

leukemia/lymphotropic viruscell cycle arrest, 150, 153

in multiple myeloma growth andsurvival, 427, 441, 480

painbone pain multiple myeloma, 527management, 1162

pamidronate, multiple myelomatreatment, 536

papovaviruses, infection, 988–989papular mucinosis, monoclonal


parainfluenza virus infectionincidence, 984prevention, 927, 940treatment, 984

paroxetine, depression treatment,1159–1160

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria,thrombosis association, 1141

parvoviruses, infection, 989Pasteurella multocida, infection

prevention, 929pediatric malignancies, see acute

lymphoblastic leukemia; acutemyeloid leukemia; childdevelopment; myelodysplasticsyndromes

peg-filgrastim, description, 1130pegylated recombinant human

megakaryocyte growth anddevelopment factor, acuteleukemia treatment, 329

pemoline, depression treatment,1159–1160

pentostatinchronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 87–88graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis,

1106–1107hairy cell leukemia treatment,

102–106lymphoma management, 654–657

periodic acid-Schiff reaction, acutemyeloid leukemia classification,180

peripheral bloodacute lymphocytic leukemia pathology,

274, 292, 319bone marrow transplantation

compared, 1057chronic lymphocytic leukemia

pathology, 25chronic myelocytic leukemia pathology,

20hairy cell leukemia pathology, 96harvesting techniques, 1050, 1068–1070,

1129Sézary cells, see Sézary syndromestem cell therapy, see stem cells

peripheral polyneuropathymonoclonal gammopathy of


plasma cell neoplasia relationship,551–553

treatment, 634peripheral T-cell lymphomas

classification, 844cytogenetics, 779–780pathology, 715, 739treatment, 857–858

personal hygiene, infection prevention,927–930

food handling, 928–930handwashing, 927–929mucosal care, 929, 959–960pet handling, 929–930skin care, 928–929

pets, infection prevention, 929–930PG27, graft-versus-host disease

prophylaxis, 1106–1107P-glycoprotein, in multiple myeloma, 482,

515phenotyping, see also

immunophenotypingmultiple myeloma prognosis, 515

phenylbutyrate, acute promyelocyticleukemia treatment, 351

Philadelphia chromosomeacute lymphoblastic leukemia

prognosis, 291–292, 691in chronic myelocytic leukemia, 36–37,

46, 53, 232phlebotomy, polycythemia vera treatment,

118–119PI3-kinase, in BCR-ABL signaling, 42, 47plasma cell leukemia

differential diagnosis, 619multiple myeloma relationship, 483, 547

plasma cell neoplasia, see specific typesplasmacytic hyperplasia, in post-solid

organ transplantationlymphoproliferative disorders,882

plasmacytomascranial plasmacytomas, 550differential diagnosis, 619extramedullary plasmacytoma,

547–549, 619–620solitary osseous plasmacytoma, 547

plasmapheresisin adjunctive therapy, 1013hyperviscosity syndrome, 1012overview, 1006peripheral polyneuropathy treatment,

634Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 566washed red cells, 1018

plasminogen activator inhibitors,coagulopathy in acutepromyelocytic leukemiapatients, 356

platelets, see also hemorrhagedysfunction, 1138–1141

in acute leukemia, 1141in chronic myeloproliferative disease,

1138in hairy cell leukemia, 1141in myelodysplastic syndromes,

401–402, 1141

Index 1189






platelets (continued)in paroxysmal nocturnal

hemoglobinuria, 1141thrombosis, 1138–1141

clinical laboratory tests, 1139decreased platelet function,

1138–1139increased platelet activity, 1139mechanisms, 1138pregnancy, 128, 1140–1141therapeutic considerations,

1139–1140thrombophilia tests, 1139

essential thrombocythemia diagnosis, 125human leukocyte antigen typing,

1091–1092platelet growth factors, 1131plateletpheresis, 1011–1012, 1029polycythemia vera antiplatelet therapy,

120recovery in stem cell transplantation

trials, 1072–1073thrombocytopenia treatment


historical perspectives, 921–922transfusion

alloimmunization, 1034–1039collection, 1028–1030complications, 1039–1040cryopreservation, 1030–1031hemorrhage treatment, 1139–1140infection management, 1039–1040leukodepletion, 1029–1030management algorithm, 1038overview, 1028response assessment, 1033–1034storage, 1030–1031therapeutic transfusions, 1032–1033

PLZF-RARα fusion gene, acutepromyelocytic leukemiaassociation, 338, 346–347

PML-RARα fusion gene, acutepromyelocytic leukemiaassociation

acquired resistance, 345expression, 342, 347–349leukemogenesis role, 342–344PML structure and function, 341–342treatment response, 344–345

Pneumocystis cariniiin acute lymphoblastic leukemia

patients, 279–280in chemotherapy, 258infection prevention, 941, 972

POEMS syndromeclinical manifestations, 552monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significanceassociation, 633, 635

treatment, 635

Poland syndrome, chronic myelocyticleukemia risk, 12

pol gene, genetic relationship in exogenousretroviruses, 141

polycythemia veraclassification, 17–18clinical features, 111–112, 115–118clonality, 112cytogenetic abnormalities, 113–114diagnosis, 114–118, 126epidemiology, 12–13, 111essential thrombocythemia

differentiation, 126, 1138natural history, 111–112overview, 16, 111pathophysiology, 16–17, 24, 112–114platelet dysfunction, 1138–1141progenitors, 112–113reactive fibrosis, 18–19signal transduction, 112–113treatment

acute myeloid leukemia risk, 374aims, 118antiplatelet therapy, 120, 1140chemotherapy

anagrelide, 120chlorambucil, 119hydroxyurea, 119

cytoreductive therapy, 119–121interferon-α, 120phlebotomy, 118–119pregnancy, 120–121, 1140–1141therapeutic recommendations, 118

polyethylene glycol-IFN, chronicmyelocytic leukemia treatment,63

polymerase chain reactionin acute leukemia disease monitoring,

232–234in chronic myelocytic leukemia disease

monitoring, 45–46, 59polymyositis, monoclonal gammopathy of


polyomaviruses, infection, 988–989positron emission tomography, lymphoma

diagnosis, 654post-thymic lymphomas, immunology, 742post transplantation lymphoproliferative

disordersclinical features, 881–883, 1108epidemiology, 879–881Epstein-Barr virus association, 882–884,

976–977histopathology, 881–883pathogenesis, 883–885treatment, 885–886, 976

post-traumatic stress disorder, in bonemarrow transplant patients,1163

povidone-iodine, mucositis managementin stem cell transplantationpatients, 1103

p21 protein, in multiple myeloma growthand survival, 427

PRAD1 gene, see CCND1 genepRB, see RB tumor suppressor proteinprednisone

α-heavy-chain disease treatment, 584acute leukemia treatment, 136, 255–257,

280–284, 295, 381adult T-cell leukemia treatment, 157amyloidosis treatment, 609–610autoimmune cytopenia treatment, 90chronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 87, 90γ-heavy-chain disease treatment, 577Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 751–752,


856µ-heavy-chain disease treatment, 587monoclonal gammopathy of


multiple myeloma treatment, 536Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 566–567pregnancy

acute promyelocytic leukemiatreatment, 355

essential thrombocythemia, 128,1140–1141

polycythemia vera treatment, 120–121primary effusion lymphoma

acquired immunodeficiency syndromeassociation, 668, 871

classification, 690pathology, 704–705

primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphomaclassification, 690, 704pathology, 704

primary polycythemia, see polycythemiavera

primate T-cell leukemia/lymphotropicviruses

epidemiology, 144overview, 141phylogeny, 144

procarbazineα-heavy-chain disease treatment, 584Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 800–811,

821lymphoma management, 654–657, 821

proliferating cell nuclear antigen,Hodgkin’s disease association,867

proline rich tyrosine kinase, apoptosisinduction in multiple myeloma,426–427

1190 Index






prolymphocytic leukemiachronic lymphocytic leukemia

relationship, 707pathology, 26–27, 688–690, 707–708

prostaglandins, hemorrhagic cystitismanagement in stem celltransplantation patients,1104–1105

proteasome inhibitors, multiple myelomatreatment, 430

proteinuriain amyloidosis patients, 602, 607in multiple myeloma patients, 530–531

Pseudomonas exotoxin, adult T-cellleukemia treatment, 157–158

psychological issues, see also personalhygiene

in bone marrow transplant patients, 1162developmental issues, 1155–1156individual therapy, 1162infertility, 1162overview, 1155, 1164psychiatric disorders, 1156–1162

anxiety, 1156–1158associated medical conditions,

1156, 1163clinical features, 1156diagnosis, 1156–1158treatment, 1157–1158

cognitive changes, 1161–1162delirium, 1161–1162depression, 1158–1161

management, 1159–1160, 1163post-traumatic stress disorder, 1163suicide, 1160–1161symptoms, 1158–1159

pain, 1162sexual issues, 1162support groups, 1162survivorship, 1164

pulmonary dysfunctioncomplications in Hodgkin’s disease

treatment, 811in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia,

565purpura

in amyloidosis, 597immune thrombocytopenic purpura,

1142–1143Schönlein-Henoch purpura, 637

pyoderma gangrenosum, monoclonalgammopathy of undeterminedsignificance association, 635

pyrimethamine, toxoplasmosisprophylaxis, 942

Q5q-syndrome, classification, 399quinine, myelodysplastic syndrome

treatment, 406

radiation therapyacute leukemia treatment, 256, 285–286agnogenic myeloid metaplasia

treatment, 130–131chronic myelocytic leukemia treatment, 5cranial irradiation therapy, 285–287extramedullary plasmacytoma

treatment, 548lymphoma management

in combination therapy, 818–823disease extent, 818dose–response, 818Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 748,

800, 803, 808–809, 818–823non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma treatment

in children, 655, 818–823,849–850

overview, 654–657, 818–823risk-adapted therapy, 819

multiple myeloma treatment, 538nausea, 1099osteosclerotic myeloma treatment, 635therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia

risk, 373, 380–381radioimmunotherapy, Hodgkin’s disease

treatment, 748–753, 823radon, acute leukemia association, 166RANK-ligand, multiple myeloma growth

and survival role, 428, 493, 502rapamycin, graft-versus-host disease

prophylaxis, 1106–1107RARα gene, acute promyelocytic leukemia

associationNPM-RARα fusion gene, 347NuMA-RARα fusion gene, 338, 347PLZF-RARα fusion gene, 346–347PML-RARα fusion gene

acquired resistance, 345expression, 342, 347–349leukemogenesis role, 342–344treatment response, 344–345

RARα function, 337–341STAT5b-RARα fusion gene, 347

ras genesin acute myeloid leukemia, 384in multiple myeloma, 478–481, 491, 500

RAS proteinin BCR-ABL signaling, 42, 47multiple myeloma growth and survival

signaling pathways, 478–481, 491razoxane, acute myeloid leukemia risk, 380RB1 gene

acute myeloid leukemia pathogenesis,385

multiple myeloma growth and survivaleffects, 480–481

RB tumor suppressor protein, in multiplemyeloma growth and survival,427

Rb tumor suppressor protein, inhibitionby Tax protein human T-cellleukemia/lymphotropic virus,150, 152

recombinant human erythropoietin,myelodysplastic syndrometreatment, 403–404

recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulatingfactor

acute leukemia treatment, 321–322myelodysplastic syndrome treatment,

403–404red blood cells, see erythrocytesReed-Sternberg cells, Hodgkin’s disease

relationship, 657, 745–746, 786,867

refractory anemia, characteristics,186–187, 397–398

related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase,apoptosis induction in multiplemyeloma, 426–427

remission, acute myeloid leukemiaevaluation, 184–185

renal dysfunctionin acute myeloid leukemia patients,

318–319amyloidosis, 598, 602in multiple myeloma patients, 530–531,

533in plasma cell neoplasia, 553–555

acquired Fanconi syndrome, 554immunotactoid glomerulopathy

syndrome, 555myeloma kidney, 553–554systemic light chain deposition

disease, 554–555post-solid organ transplantation


in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia,565

renal function, polycythemia veradiagnosis, 116–117

reproductive history, acute leukemiaassociation in children, 165

respiratory syncytial virus infectiondiagnosis, 980prevention, 940, 955, 979, 981treatment, 980–981

respiratory systemamyloidosis, 607–608lung cancer

bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, 963second tumors

in chronic lymphocytic leukemia,90

in post-solid organ transplantationlymphoproliferative disorders,880–882

Index 1191






respiratory system (continued)Pneumocystis carinii

in acute lymphoblastic leukemiapatients, 279–280

in chemotherapy, 258infection prevention, 941, 972

reticulin, myeloproliferative disordersdiagnosis, 126

reticuloendothelial system, in chronicmyelocytic leukemia, 20

retinoic acid, see all-trans retinoic acidretroviruses, see also specific retroviruses

infection, 989life cycle, 141pol genes in exogenous viruses, 141reverse transcription, 142

reverse transcription, retroviruses, 142rheumatoid arthritis

monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significanceassociation, 632–633

secondary lymphomas, 894–895ribavirin

hepatitis C treatment, 939, 987parainfluenza treatment, 984respiratory syncytial virus treatment,

980–981Richter’s transformation, in chronic

lymphocytic leukemia, 90rimantadine, influenza virus treatment,

982–983ristocetin, von Willebrand disease

treatment, 1140rituxan

chronic lymphocytic leukemiatreatment, 89, 977

follicular lymphoma treatment, 837Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 752monoclonal gammopathy of


Waldenström’s macroglobulinemiatreatment, 568

rotavirus, infection, 977–978rubidazone, acute leukemia treatment,

282–283

SSalmonella, infection prevention, 929–930,

934Schönlein-Henoch purpura, monoclonal


scleroderma, monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significanceassociation, 633

scleromyxedema, monoclonalgammopathy of undeterminedsignificance association, 635

sclerosis, in Hodgkin’s disease, 719–720

semustine, acute myeloid leukemia risk,380

sertraline, depression treatment,1159–1160

serum albumin, multiple myelomamarker, 505

serum viscometry, monoclonal proteinserum analysis, 462

severe combined immunodeficiency,secondary lymphomas, 888–893


sexual dysfunction, management, 1162Sézary syndrome

classification, 690leukapheresis, 1010–1011monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significanceassociation, 635–636

pathology, 29–30, 711–713signal transduction, in polycythemia vera,

112–113silver nitrate, hemorrhagic cystitis

management in stem celltransplantation patients,1104–1105

Sjögren syndromeimmunology, 739–740secondary lymphomas, 894

skin care, infection prevention, 928–929skin diseases, see dermatologic diseases;

specific diseasessmall-cell lymphocytic lymphoma

classification, 688–690leukemogenesis, 76, 663–664pathology, 691–692treatment, 832

small lymphocytic lymphoma,cytogenetics, 773–775

small noncleaved cell lymphomaAIDS-small noncleaved cell lymphoma,

869classification, 844cytogenetics, 779, 831treatment, 834

smokingacute leukemia association


chronic myelocytic leukemia risk, 11multiple myeloma risk, 439

smoldering multiple myeloma, diagnosis,531, 619

socioeconomic status, multiple myelomarisk, 440

solitary osseous plasmacytoma,description, 547

soluble receptors, in multiple myeloma,498, 513

somatostatin, gastrointestinal amyloidosistreatment, 606

sorivudine, varicella zoster virustreatment, 941

spinal cord compression, description,549–550

spinal cord fluid, see cerebrospinal fluidspleen

chronic lymphocytic leukemiapathology, 26

chronic lymphocytic leukemiatreatment, 89–90

hairy cell leukemia pathology, 28,96–100, 102

hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, 710splenectomy

agnogenic myeloid metaplasiatreatment, 130

lymphoma management, 654–657µ-heavy-chain disease treatment, 585therapy-related Hodgkin’s disease

risk, 812Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 568splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma,

690, 699–700Staphylococci, infection prevention, 936,

955–956STAT5b-RARα fusion gene, acute

promyelocytic leukemiaassociation, 338, 347

STAT proteins, multiple myeloma growthand survival signaling pathways,424–426, 478–481, 491, 500–501

stem cellsacute leukemia immunophenotyping

classification schemes, 197erythroid lineage commitment, 208hematopoietic antigens, 203–211lineage-specific markers, 197–198lymphoid lineage commitment,

208–211megakaryocytic lineage commitment,

208characterization, 1064–1065description, 16–19, 1064essential thrombocythemia diagnosis, 126procurement

bone marrow harvest, 1049–1050,1065, 1067–1070

cord blood cells, 1065, 1068–1070,1079–1081

cryopreservation, 1051, 1079cytapheresis, 1012fetal liver cells, 1065, 1069–1070overview, 1049peripheral blood stem cell harvest,

1050, 1065, 1068–1070, 1129

1192 Index






source comparisons, 1065, 1069–1070in vitro expansion, 1071–1072, 1074in vitro purging

clinical trials, 1074evaluation, 1058–1059favorable arguments, 1056–1058freezing technique, 1053long-term culture, 1071monoclonal antibody purging

techniques, 1054–1056pharmacological purging,

1053–1054principles, 1052–1053, 1070–1072

transplantationABO incompatible allogeneic grafts,

1050, 1102–1103acute leukemia treatment

allogeneic SCT, 287–288autologous SCT, 288, 377–379,

1052–1059matched unrelated SCT, 288modality decisions, 289, 296therapy-related acute myeloid

leukemia risk, 377–379acute lymphoblastic leukemia

treatment, 259–260acute myeloid leukemia treatment,

312, 325–326, 328agnogenic myeloid metaplasia

treatment, 130–131amyloidosis treatment, 610–613chronic lymphocytic leukemia

treatment, 89clinical trials, 1072–1074diseases treated, 1065donor selection, 1065, 1067, 1097graft rejection, 1088–1089, 1105graft-versus-host disease, 1072–1073,

1089–1091, 1105–1107historical perspectives, 924, 1050,

1064, 1079, 1081, 1096human leukocyte antigen typing

cord blood, 1081genomic matching, 1087–1091for graft failure, 1088–1089for graft-versus-host disease,

1089–1091HLA genes, 1085–1086for the human platelet alloantigen

system, 1091–1092methodology, 1086–1087overview, 1085, 1092for survival, 1089–1091

manipulation, 1049–1051multiple myeloma treatment,


406non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma treatment,

835–837, 1057–1058

patient careABO incompatible transplants,

1050, 1102–1103acute graft-versus-host disease,

1105–1107allogeneic donors, 1097blood banking considerations,

1101–1102catheters, 1099–1100cell source selection, 1098–1099chronic graft-versus-host disease,

1107graft rejection, 1105granulocyte transfusions, 1102hemorrhagic cystitis prevention,

1103–1105hepatic VOD, 1099–1101infection prevention, 927, 932–933,

943, 955, 958, 969–989, 1102late complications, 1107–1109mucositis prevention, 1103nausea, 1099overview, 1096patient selection, 1096–1097pharmacokinetics, 1097–1098post-transplant vaccination,

1108–1109psychological issues, 1162–1164quality of life, 1107–1108regimen preparation, 1098–1099secondary malignancies, 1108

peripheral blood transplantationcompared, 1057

post–bone marrow transplantlymphoproliferative disease,886–887

preclinical models, 1056, 1163preparation, 1066rationale, 1065–1066red cell transfusions, 1020relapse incidence, 1073T-cell depletion, 1051–1052therapeutic graft manipulation,

1051–1052therapy-related acute myeloid

leukemia treatment, 381–382umbilical cord blood

clinical trials, 1073historical perspectives, 1079, 1081,

1096procurement, 1065, 1068–1070,

1079–1081, 1097unrelated cord blood


STI571, chronic myelocytic leukemiatreatment, 46–47, 62–63, 65–66

Streptococcus, infection management,955–956

stress, see anxiety

strongyloidiasis, infection prevention, 942subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell

lymphomaclassification, 690pathology, 710–711

Sudan black B, acute myeloid leukemiaclassification, 180

suicide, ideation and management,1160–1161

sulfoglucuronyl glycosphingolipid, inWaldenström’smacroglobulinemia, 564–565

supplements, infection prevention, 928,931

support groups, psychologicalmanagement, 1162

supportive care, see also psychologicalissues; specific diseases

future research directions, 925historical perspectives, 921–925

survivorship, psychological issues, 1164Sweet syndrome, in acute myeloid

leukemia, 317syndecan-1, multiple myeloma growth

and survival effects, 482, 499,501, 514

systemic light chain deposition disease,description, 554–555

Ttartrate-resistant acid phosphatase

in hairy cell leukemia, 28, 98, 100–101multiple myeloma prognosis, 513–514

Tax protein, human T-cellleukemia/lymphotropic viruspathogenesis, 148–152

antigen-dependent T-cell activation,148–149

apoptosis inhibition, 150, 153Fas/FasL-mediated signaling

interference, 155hypercalcemia induction, 709JAK/STAT pathway manipulation, 150mutation frequency acceleration, 152nuclear factor ΚB trans-activation,

147–148, 151p53-mediated cell cycle arrest

inhibition, 150, 153Rb-mediated tumor suppression

inhibition, 150, 152receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling

protection, 150–152, 154T-cell lymphoid neoplasms

adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia, seeadult T-cell leukemia

aggressive NK-cell leukemia, 708–709angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma,

690, 715–716, 781BFM 90 treatment protocol, 851–854classification, 25, 690, 830

Index 1193






T-cell lymphoid neoplasms (continued)cutaneous cell anaplastic large cell

lymphoma, 689–690, 714–715enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma, 710extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma,

709–710hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, 710histiocytic neoplasms, 716–717immunophenotyping, 741–745mycosis fungoides, 711–713precursor T-cell lymphoblastic

lymphoma/leukemia, 706–707Sézary syndrome, see Sézary syndromesubcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell

lymphoma, 710–711T-cell granular lymphocytic leukemia,

708T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, 26–27,

688–690, 707–708T/null cell anaplastic large cell

lymphoma, 713–714unspecified peripheral T-cell

lymphomas, 715, 739T-cell receptors

antigen-specific receptors, 210description, 210–211

T-cellsacute lymphoblastic leukemia lineages

in adults, 276–277multiple myeloma prognosis, 515stem cell commitment, 209Tax protein effects in human T-cell

leukemia/lymphotropic viruspathogenesis, 148–149, 709

T-cell depletion in stem cell grafts,1051–1052

T-cell lymphoma, seeangioimmunoblastic T-celllymphoma; cutaneous T-celllymphoma; peripheral T-celllymphomas; T-cell lymphoidneoplasms

telomere shorteningin chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 76in chronic myelocytic leukemia, 45

teniposideα-heavy-chain disease treatment, 584acute leukemia treatment, 282–284acute myeloid leukemia risk, 380

testicular canceracute lymphoblastic leukemia in

children, 251therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia

risk, 319, 376–377thalidomide, multiple myeloma treatment,

430–431, 534, 541thiabendazole, strongyloidiasis

prophylaxis, 942thioguanine, acute leukemia treatment,

137, 282

thrombocythemia, see essentialthrombocythemia

thrombocytopenia, see also plateletsin blood banking patients, 1101–1102supportive care


historical perspectives, 921–922interleukin-11 treatment, 1131

thrombocytosis, essentialthrombocythemiadifferentiation, 125

thrombopoietinin essential thrombocythemia, 125–126megakarocytopoiesis role, 1126thrombocytopenia treatment, 1131

thrombosis, see also hemorrhageabnormal proteins, 1141–1143

coagulation factor inhibitors, 1143dysproteinemias, 1141–1142immune thrombocytopenic purpura,

1142–1143acute leukemia, 355–358

arsenic trioxide effects, 358ATRA effects, 356–357bleeding diathesis, 357–358pathophysiology, 355–356, 1141

amyloidosis, 607–608coagulation disorders, 1137–1138in hairy cell leukemia, 1141in myelodysplastic sydromes, 1141overview, 1137in paroxysmal nocturnal

hemoglobinuria, 1141platelet dysfunction, see plateletsin polycythemia vera, 111in pregnancy, 120–121, 128, 1140–1141therapy-induced bleeding, 1143–1145

antibiotic-induced coagulopathies,1144–1145

bone marrow transplantation, 1145chemotherapeutic agents, 1145drug-induced hemolytic-DIC

syndromes, 1145L-asparaginase, 1143–1144

treatment, 1006, 1137, 1139–1140Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, 566

thymidine kinase, multiple myelomaprognosis, 504–505, 514–515,532

thyroid dysfunction, therapy-relatedHodgkin’s disease treatmentrisk, 813

tissue factor, coagulopathy in acutepromyelocytic leukemiapatients, 355–356

tissue plasminogen activator, veno-occlusive disease, 1097–1101

topotecan, acute leukemia treatment,326–327, 382

toxoplasmosis, infection prevention, 933,941–942

transforming growth factor β, multiplemyeloma growth and survivalrole, 427

transfusionsgranulocytes

clinical indications, 1040–1042collection, 1031–1032complications, 1041–1042histocompatibility issues, 1041infection management, 959, 1102overview, 1028patient care, 1102storage, 1032therapeutic transfusions, 1040–1041

infection managementgranulocyte transfusions, 959, 1102latrogenic procedures, 931–932platelet transfusions, 1039–1040stem cell transfusions, 932, 955, 958

plateletsalloimmunization, 1034–1039collection, 1028–1030complications, 1039–1040cryopreservation, 1030–1031leukodepletion, 1029–1030management algorithm, 1038overview, 1028response assessment, 1033–1034storage, 1030–1031therapeutic transfusions, 1032–1033

red blood cells, 1017–1024adverse effects, 1022–1024

alloimmunization, 1024immunomodulation, 1024iron overload, 1022transfusion reactions, 1022–1023transfusion-transmitted diseases,

1023–1024volume overload, 1022

cell modifications, 1019cytomegalovirus-seronegative

products, 1019gamma-irradiation, 1019

cell preservation, 1021–1022clinical uses, 1019–1021

autoimmune hemolytic anemia,1020–1021

bone marrow transplants, 1020erythropoietin, 1021hyperviscosity, 1020transfusion indications, 1019–1020

components, 1017–1019frozen cells, 1018–1019leukocyte-reduced cells, 1018red cell concentrates, 1017–1018washed cells, 1018whole blood, 1017

infection prevention, 931–932

1194 Index






transplantation, see specific cell types;organs; tissues

travel, infection prevention, 933–934trazodone, depression treatment,

1159–1160trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

antibacterial prophylaxis, 936, 960antiparasitic prophylaxis, 941toxoplasmosis prophylaxis, 942

trimetrexate, graft-versus-host diseaseprophylaxis, 1106–1107

trisomy 12, in chronic lymphocyticleukemia, 72, 663–664, 774

tuberculosisinfection prevention, 930, 942postexposure prophylaxis, 935

tumor necrosis factor αcell types influenced, 1126coagulopathy in acute promyelocytic

leukemia patients, 355–356multiple myeloma growth and survival

role, 428, 497, 502tumor necrosis factor β, multiple

myeloma growth and survivalrole, 497, 502

tumor necrosis factors receptor, apoptosissignaling in HTLV, 150–152, 154

typhlitis, in acute myeloid leukemiapatients, 318

tyrosine kinase inhibitors, chronicmyelocytic leukemia treatment,47

Uultrasound, polycythemia vera diagnosis,

117umbilical cord, stem cell transplantation

clinical trials, 1073historical perspectives, 1079, 1081, 1096procurement, 1065, 1068–1070,

1079–1081, 1097unrelated cord blood transplantation,

1081–1082, 1099uric acid, polycythemia vera diagnosis,

116–117urine proteins

amyloidosis diagnosis, 598–599, 602study methods, 463–465

electrophoresis, 463–464, 621–622immunoelectrophoresis, 465,


Vvaccination, see immunizationvalacyclovir

herpes simplex virus prophylaxis, 940,958, 969

varicella zoster virus prophylaxis, 941,975

vancomycin, infection management, 956,960

varicella zoster virus infectiondiagnosis, 975immunization, 975infection patterns, 974–975postexposure prophylaxis, 935, 975prevention, 931–933, 940–941treatment, 975

vascular endothelial growth factor,multiple myeloma growth andsurvival role, 428–430, 498, 500,502

vascular permeability factor, coagulopathyin acute promyelocytic leukemiapatients, 356

Vasquez-Osler disease, see polycythemiavera

VCAM-1, multiple myeloma growth andsurvival effects, 501–502

venlafaxine, depression treatment,1159–1160

veno-occlusive disease, in stem celltransplantation, 1097–1101,1145

VH gene mutation, in chroniclymphocytic leukemia, 77–78

vidarabine, varicella zoster virustreatment, 941

vinblastineacute myeloid leukemia risk, 380Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 801–811,

821vincristine

α-heavy-chain disease treatment, 584acute leukemia treatment, 135–136,

255–257, 280–284, 295adult T-cell leukemia treatment, 157amyloidosis treatment, 610γ-heavy-chain disease treatment, 577Hodgkin’s disease treatment, 751–752,


856µ-heavy-chain disease treatment, 587multiple myeloma treatment, 537Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

treatment, 566–567vindesine, acute leukemia treatment, 282vinorelbine, Hodgkin’s disease treatment,

811viruses, see specific virusesvitamin B12, polycythemia vera diagnosis,

116vitamin K, clotting factor synthesis

impairment, 1144vitamin supplements, infection

prevention, 928, 931VLA-4, multiple myeloma growth and

survival effects, 482, 496

VLA-5, multiple myeloma growth andsurvival effects, 492, 496

von Willebrand diseasecoagulation factor inhibitor role, 1143monoclonal gammopathy of


treatment, 1140von Willebrand factor, coagulopathy in

acute promyelocytic leukemiapatients, 356

voriconazole, antifungal prophylaxis, 963VP-16, α-heavy-chain disease treatment,

584

WWaldenström’s macroglobulinemia

biology, 563differential diagnosis, 562, 619, 626etiology, 562–563features

amyloidosis, 565bone involvement, 565coagulation abnormalities, 566cutaneous involvement, 565eye involvement, 566gastrointestinal tract involvement,

565–566hyperviscosity syndrome, 564infectious complications, 566laboratory findings, 564neurological abnormalities, 564–565pulmonary involvement, 565renal involvement, 565symptoms, 563–564

incidence, 562lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma

relationship, 692–693monoclonal gammopathy of

undetermined significancerelationship, 623–624, 631

overview, 562pathology, 563prognosis, 568–569treatment, 566–568

alkylating agents, 566–567future research directions, 568high-dose therapy, 568interferons, 568monoclonal antibody therapy, 568nucleoside analogues, 567–568plasmapheresis, 566response criteria, 566splenectomy, 568treatment decision, 566

white blood cells, see specific cell typesWiskott-Aldrich syndrome, secondary

lymphomas, 888–893clinical features, 888–892histopathology, 888–892

Index 1195






Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia(continued)

lymphomagenesis promotion, 892–893pathogenesis, 892treatment, 893

World Health Organization classificationlymphoid neoplasms, 689–690, 830lymphoproliferative disorders, 24–30myeloproliferative disorders, 17–18

Xxeroderma pigmentosum, secondary

lymphomas, 888–893


X-linked lymphoproliferative disease,secondary lymphomas, 888–893


zanamivir, influenza virus treatment, 983ZAP-70, graft-versus-host disease

prophylaxis, 1106–1107Zevalin, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

treatment, 837zidovudine, adult T-cell leukemia

treatment, 157

1196 Index






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