How is a ‘Slum’ defined? - Personal Websites · PDF fileHow is a...

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4/3/2015 1 SLUMS and urban inequalities How is a ‘Slum’ defined? Our text book uses indicators of deprivation based on five conditions: 1. Poor access to improved water 2. Poor access to sanitation 3. Non – durable housing 4. Insufficient living area, and 5. Insecure tenure (lack of ownership) It is important to remember that even if it is defined as a ‘slum’, it is a community for the people living there…

Transcript of How is a ‘Slum’ defined? - Personal Websites · PDF fileHow is a...

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SLUMSand urban inequalities

How is a ‘Slum’ defined?• Our text book uses indicators of deprivation based on five conditions:

1. Poor access to improved water

2. Poor access to sanitation

3. Non – durable housing

4. Insufficient living area, and

5. Insecure tenure (lack of ownership)

• It is important to remember that even if it is defined as a ‘slum’, it is a community for the people living there…

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Origin of the word, ‘slum’• The word ‘slum’ appeared in London at the beginning of the 19thc, designating, initially, “a room of low repute”

• At the end of the 19thc, the word appears in the Oxford English Dictionary:

• The contemporary use of the word ‘slum’ is often inter‐changed with ‘shanties’, as in ‘shanty‐towns’

• Shanty‐towns are spontaneous settlements that develop in outskirts of towns

• While officially different, ‘shanties’ are now considered by some as a type of slum

“A street, alley, court, etc., situated in a crowded district of a town or

city and inhabited by poor people or a low class or by the very poor;

a number of these streets or courts forming a thickly populated

neighborhood or district where the housed and the conditions of life

are of a squalid and wretched character”

How is a ‘Slum’ defined?• The term ‘slum’ has loosely been used in the West when referring to housing areas that were once affluent, but have deteriorated

• This is not the same as the definition of ‘slum’ in the non‐western world

• Non‐western urban slums are not simply parallel to ‘poor areas’ 

• Contemporary slums of the non‐western world are informal settlements where newcomers to the city can find: 

• affordable shelter

• enclaves of local culture, and 

• support from a social network

• The United Nations (author of our text book) and many at the World Bank argue that slums should be eradicated

• Is that a solution?    Is it achievable?    Who would this serve most?

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How is a ‘Slum’ defined?• Despite the few positives a slum may provide for rural newcomers to the city, slums are characterized by many negatives, such as:

• Poverty

• Illiteracy

• Unemployment (official, taxable employment)

• Informal economies

• Crime

• Drug proliferation

• Disease

• ‘Waste’ collection

• Absence of disaster response and relief

• (fire, police, earth‐moving, etc.)

• Alternatively, it can be argued that these types of urban settlements represent the ultimate in the free‐movement of people, thus representing true democracy

• And that those cities that try to demolish them are totalitarian

What is the best course of action to address these types of settlements?

• Sub‐Saharan Africa (62.2%)  followed by South Asia (42.9) rank the highest in the proportion of urban populations living in slums

• Latin America (27%) is much lower and we can relate this to the region’s demographic transition (as seen in the DTM)

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Rio de Janiero, Brazil

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Planning as a response to slums

• Understanding the function in concept, and geography of slums in context is necessary

• Urban Planning techniques include;• Monitoring and predicting of the expansion

• Improvement of existing facilities

• Disaster prevention

• Environmental resource management

• And, if absolutely necessary, relocation of residents to formal housing

• A crucial requirement for effective Urban Planning is to have access to accurate and updated spatial data

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