Yogesh slum

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Pd. Dr. D. Y Patil University Department Of BusinessManagement

Assignment on Rehabilitation of slums

Submitted To: - Submitted By:-

Prof. MamtaDhankuthe Yogesh K Kasar

MBA (Ret)-09014


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What is slum?

A slum is a densely populated urban area which is characterized by a

generally low standard of living. Slums may also be known as shantytowns,

barrios, ghettos, or favelas, although some of these terms have specific cultural

meanings. In the later part of the 20th century, slums exploded worldwide,

becoming a cause for serious concern among humanitarian organizations, as an

alarmingly high number of people live in regions which could be considered

slums; in Mumbai, India, for example, an estimated 60% of the population lives inslums.

Slums can form in several ways. Classically, slums have emerged in existing

neighborhoods which fall upon hard times. In some cases, these neighborhoods

have been prestigious and well respected. A slum forms as homes are slowly

subdivided into cramped tenement apartments, and the population becomes highly

concentrated. At the same time, access to services like healthcare, fresh food, and

basic sanitation may start to become restricted, creating filth and squalor.

A slum can also arise from nowhere, as is the case with many of the

shantytowns found in developing nations. These slums sometimes seem to emerge

overnight, compacting humanity into filthy, densely packed areas with poorly

constructed and often dangerous homes. In campaigns against slums, many cities

have forcibly evicted people from these shantytowns, creating a ripple effect as

forcibly displaced people attempt to relocate to new regions.


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Most of the people who live in slums are extremely poor, and many are

treated as second class citizens by their society. Health problems tend to be very

high, as a result of improper sanitation and lack of access to basic health care.

Malnutrition is another serious problem in many slums, as is crime, which can

make a slum very dangerous for its inhabitants.

Many people view slums as the ultimate symbol of inequality, and in some

regions, slums have ended up in some very unexpected locations, sometimes

neighboring the homes of the wealthy. Organizations which campaign against

slums argue that no human being should be forced to live in slum conditions, and

that as a basic act of humanity, cities need to provide livable low cost housing and

regulate construction to eliminate the growth of slums.

Unfortunately, the solution to slums is not this simple. The world's

population is rapidly growing, putting immense pressure on available resources,

and as developing countries become more developed, this pressure is likely togrow. Although it is somewhat disheartening to think about, gross inequality seems

to go hand in hand with growing societies.


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Rehabilitation

The restoration of someone to a useful place in society. Reclamationtheconversion of wasteland into land suitable for use of habitation or cultivation

vindication of a person's character and the re-establishment of that person's

reputation. Thetreatment of physical disabilities by massage and electrotherapy

andexercises

Rehabilitation of sensory and cognitive function typically involves methods

for retraining neural pathways or training new neural pathways to regain or

improve neurocognitive functioning that has been diminished by disease or

traumatic injury.

Rehabilitation means; To restore to useful life, as through therapy and

education or To restore to good condition, operation, or capacity.

Rehabilitation in the context of the former Soviet Union, and the Post-Sovietstates, was the restoration of a person who was criminally prosecuted without due

basis, to the state of acquittal. A form of political rehabilitation as relates to the

Soviet Union.Wildlife rehabilitation is the process of removing from the wild and

caring for injured, orphaned, or sick wild animals. The goal of wildlife

rehabilitation is to provide the food, housing and medical care of these animals,

returning them to the wild after treatment.

Political rehabilitation is the process by which a member of a political

organization or government who has fallen into disgrace is restored to public life.


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Slum Rehabilitation Act 1995

TheS

lum Rehabilitation Act 1995 was passed by the government of theIndian state Maharashtra to protect the rights of slum dwellers and promote the

development of slum areas. The Act protected from eviction anyone who could

produce a document proving they lived in the city of Mumbai before January 1995,

regardless if they lived on the pavement or other kinds of municipal land. The ACT

was the result of policy development that included grassroots slum dweller

organizations, particularly SPARC

Through the Act pavement dwellers were for the first time into the

classification of households that are entitled to land for relocation. Following the

enactment of this legislation, the government of Maharashtra and the Municipal

Corporation of Greater Mumbai set out a special policy for planning the relocation

of the 20,000 households, using the information from a census Mahila Milan and

NSDF completed in 1995


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Slums in Mumbai

In Mumbai 6.6 million people live in slums.Although 55% of the city lives

in slums, they occupy only about 20%of city land.

These slums are located throughout the city on:

-- private land

-- state government lands

-- municipal lands

-- central government lands

There are about 4000 slum pockets in Mumbai.They exist on any open

unprotected land such as pavements,railway tracks, airports, open drains and

dumping grounds.All slums have inadequate housing, water and sanitation andareovercrowded.


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In Mumbai, more than 70,000 families live in slums along the airport

In Mumbai, thousands of families live in slums along the railway tracks


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Weekly round-up of some big-ticket city deals.

MUMBAI

Recently, a residential apartment in Deonar was sold for `11,000,000. The

apartment is situated in the EmbreciyaRahejaAcropolice Building (Number 2) and

measures roughly 900 sqft, giving the apartment a capital value of `12,222 per sq

ft. Deonar is located in the central suburbs of Mumbai, very close to the Chembur

micro-market and is well-known for its slum rehabilitation authority (SRA)

projects.

Residential property prices in Chembur generally range from `9,000-14,000

per sqft, meaning that the price of this apartment was clearly within the average

range. Prices have not shown much variation in the past 4-6 months as they had hit

their peak in these micro-markets and have been stagnating ever since. Hence, we


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do not expect to see much price appreciation in the micro-markets of the central

suburbs, in the near future.

DELHI

A high-end residential apartment in Defence Colony was transacted at a base

price of approximately `29,300 per sq ft. This 2,050-sq ft apartment is built on a

333 sq yard plot and is part of a B+S+4 building. The buyer of this 4-BHK unit

paid `60,000,000 for the apartment and has this unit on the second floor. The

property is under construction and builder plans to deliver the property in another

6-8 months. The apartment will feature high-end amenities like modular kitchen

fittings, imported bath fittings and Italian marble flooring. Besides the above-

mentioned facilities, the buyer will also get two car parking spaces along with the

unit, and these will be available on the stilt floor.

PUNE

Recently, a 1-BHK unit at Atharva Ganga in Pashan was sold for

`2,800,000, all inclusive. The apartment, as a standard compact unit, measures 615

sq ft. Developed by Goel Ganga Developments, the flat has a capital value of

`3,650 per sqft and the project offers a wide range of amenities and facilities. The

project has exclusively 1 and 2 BHK apartments and enjoys excellent connectivity

to the main city and the Mumbai Bangalore Highway. It lies just off the University

Road and has reputed institutes like NCL and Pune University in its vicinity, with

multiplexes like E Square also nearby.


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The residential rates in Pashan range between `3,300 and `8,000 per sq ft.

The development potential of the area is very good since it enjoys great

connectivity to areas like Aundh, Baner, and the rest of the city.

Airport costs 4L their homes

MUMBAI: It is probably the largest displacement and relocation in the city

in modern times. Four lakh residents will be shifted from the periphery of the

airport to other areas in the suburbs so that the ChhatrapatiShivaji InternationalAirport's modernisation and expansion can be completed by 2013.


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But two years after the state began the process of acquiring 276 acres of land

needed for the expansion; the project crawls along, mired in controversy, protests

and red tape. The residents - who include 7,000 families in Sahar Village, a

gaothan (land for settlement) housing original inhabitants of the city - want to see a

clear resettlement plan before they allow a survey of the eligible homes.

"Lock one house; give a key to a new house. This is our slogan. Unless the

government follows this norm, it will find it difficult to move anyone out. There

will only be resistance," says N Sureshan, general secretary, Airport Authority

ZopadpattiSangharshaSamiti.

Two weeks ago, BaliramPawar, additional collector of Housing, asked

Mumbai International Airport Limited (MIAL) to show its resettlement plan.

"Unless the R&R plan is clarified to the public or their elected representatives, it

will not be possible to carry out the survey," said Pawar.

While politicians also watch keenly, as huge demographic shifts will lead totransformed and depleted civic, assembly and parliamentary constituencies, MIAL

officials are on tenterhooks as they hope the airport, which handled 23.4 million

passengers last fiscal, will handle 40 million by 2013.

Despite the magnitude of the displacement, none of the concerned

authorities - MMRDA, MIAL, Housing Development Infrastructure Ltd, Slum

Rehabilitation Authority and BMC - are accepting overall responsibility for theresettlement.


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y State 'gifts' 6 builders 500 acres of slum land, 1 Feb, 2011,12.54PM IST, Nauzer K Bharucha,TNN

MUMBAI: The state government used a little-known rule in the Slum Act to

hand over almost 500 acres of slum pockets to six developers on a first come, first

serve basis between 2008 and 2010. Property experts said these plots of lands have

a development potential of about Rs 50,000 crore. Five hundred acres is equivalent

to 23 Oval Maidans.

"Under Section 3K of the Slum Act, a builder who is the first claimant on

the slum land gets to redevelop it. However, the issue here is of lack of

transparency and awarding such projects without checking the credentials of the

developer," said a senior government official who did not wish to be identified.

The controversial section does not require the developer to obtain the

mandatory 70% consent of slum dwellers in the initial stages. This has led to fights

between rival builders, court cases and allegations of nepotism, said government

sources.

"The clause empowers the government to direct the Slum Rehabilitation

Authority (SRA) to hand over a large slum cluster for redevelopment to a builder

without inviting tenders or allowing competing builders to participate in the

project," said the official.


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TOI has learnt that the latest slum sprawl-47 acres in Chembur-was

sanctioned by the state government a month before PrithvirajChavan took over as

chief minister last November. Official sources said the new CM was apprised of

the controversial 3K clause, which they said was being used to gift select builders

vast slum clusters for redevelopment. They added that the son of a Union minister

is involved in one of the projects approved by the government.

The 3K provision was inserted in the Slum Act in 1999, but was never used

until almost a decade later when the first scheme at Golibar in Santa Cruz wasapproved by the government. Permission was granted to Shivalik Ventures to

redevelop 123 acres in Golibar in August 2008. A section of slum dwellers then

sought legal stoppage of the project, but the Bombay high court cleared it towards

the end of last year. Violent protests broke out when some Golibar residents

blocked a demolition squad ten days ago.

Officials said that once the government appoints a builder, other developers

in that slum cluster lose their right over the project or have to work in consultation

with the selected builder. "Once the builder gets a foothold in the project, he can

procure 70% consent from slum dwellers within one year," they said.

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