Hate & Intolerance in the 1920s: The re-emergence of the Ku Klux Klan
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US History: Spiconardi
HATE & INTOLERANCE IN THE 1920S: THE RE-EMERGENCE OF THE KU KLUX KLAN
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ORIGINS
Founded in 1866 by Confederate soldiers to resist Reconstruction
Focused on intimidating “carpetbaggers” and “scalawags” What are these terms?
Often used violence, although many members against use of violence
President Grant’s Civil Rights Act of 1871 had ended Klan Allowed for civil redress against the
KKK (you could sue the KKK and gain financial compensation)
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RE-EMERGENCE OF THE KLAN
Why?
The Birth of a Nation Film glorifies the original Klan
Creates a mythology about the KKK
Plot Gus a former slave and murder
proposes to a white girl, Flora.
She flees into the forest where Gus chases her
Instead of allowing him to rape her, she leaps to her death
Gus is then lynched by the KKK
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THE BIRTH OF A NATION
Quote from Pres. Wilson’s book A History of the American People, which was used in the film
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RE-EMERGENCE OF THE KLAN
Why?
Leo Franks
A Jewish man in Atlanta was convicted of raping and murdering a woman
Franks was sentenced to death
New evidence emerges casting doubt on Franks’ guilt
Governor of Georgia commutes the death sentence
KKK kidnaps Franks from jail and lynch him
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RE-EMERGENCE OF THE KLAN
Why?
Reaction to immigration As massive amounts of eastern
Europeans came to America in the 1910s and 1920s, a new wave of xenophobia hit America
Great Migration As more and more blacks move to
urban centers in the North during WWI, whites became intolerant of blacks
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KLAN VIEWS
“Native, white, Protestant supremacy”
The rights and interests of white Americans must be protected
Anti-Semitic
Homophobic
Xenophobic
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KLAN VIEWS
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KLAN VIEWS
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WHAT’S UP WITH THAT?
The Burning Cross
Taken from a Scottish war tradition, in which soldiers set St. Andrew’s cross on fire to gather their forces
Ku Klux Klan: What does it mean?
Greek for circle, kyklos, and clan combined
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The KKK was reformed in Stone Mountain, GA (1915) at a mountain carving depicting figures of the Confederate Army
Re-Formation
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RE-FORMATION
By 1924, the Klan reached its peak in membership
Roughly 6 million members
Why would anyone join
a hate group?
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HATE GROUPS TODAY
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HATE GROUPS TODAY