Fundamentals of Computers
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Transcript of Fundamentals of Computers
Tally institute of learning, Guna
A computer is an electronic device , operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit ,that can accept data (input) ,process data arithmetically and logically ,produce information (output) from the processing , and store the results for future use.
Introduction to computer
Tally institute of learning, Guna
Four operations performed.The four operations are referred to as the information processing cycle: Input, Process, Output, and Storage.Computers transform raw data into information.People who use this information are referred to as end users, computer users or users.
Functions of Computer
Tally institute of learning, Guna
Hardware
Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system. This includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also includes all the parts inside the computer case, such as the hard disk drive, motherboard, video card, and many others. Computer hardware is what you can physically touch. A computer system consists of three major, interconnected sub-systems. They are :
Input Devices System Devices Output Devices
Tally institute of learning, Guna
Input Devices
An input device sends information to a computer system for processing . Some of the input devices are :
Gaming Controller Microphone Webcam Joystick
Tally institute of learning, Guna
Output Devices
An output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing. Some of the input devices are :
Headphones Projector Speaker Plotter
Tally institute of learning, Guna
System Unit
The common components of a system unit includes the Motherboard , Microprocessor , Main Memory , Video card , Ports , SMPS ,etc . Sometimes the System Unit is also called the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
Tally institute of learning, Guna
software
Computer Software or simply software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations. Computer software contrasts with computer hardware, which is the physical component of computers.
System software Application software
Tally institute of learning, Guna
System Software controls the operation and manages the resources of a computer. System software includes:
System software
Operation System Device Drivers
Tally institute of learning, Guna
Application software is a set of programs created to perform particular tasks. This is the area where the user actually works. for example: Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, Tally.ERP 9, etc.
Utility program Computer programming tools
Application software
Tally institute of learning, Guna
Peripheral devices are external devices which are used for input and output.
Peripherals
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In Computing, an input device is a peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners , digital cameras and joysticks.
Input Devices
mousekeyboards scanner
Tally institute of learning, Guna
An Output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form. Some output devices are:
Output devices
MONITOR PRINTERPlotter
Tally institute of learning, Guna
Storage Device - a piece of computer equipment on which information can be stored.A storage device is any computing hardware that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device .Some storage device are...
Storage devices
pen driveHARD DISKCd , dvd
Tally institute of learning, Guna
A storage device may also be known as a storage medium.The Generations Of Computer –
First Generation (1951-1958): Vacuum Tubes. Second Generation (1959-1964): Transistors. Third Generation (1965-1970): Integrated Circuits. Fourth Generation (1971-1985): Microprocessors. Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): Artificial Intelligence
The generations of computers
Tally institute of learning, Guna
Computer can be classified into various categories based on their hardware structure , functioning technology, size and power .The types of computer are:
Personal Computer Mini Computer Mainframe Computers Super Computers
Types and classification of
computers
Tally institute of learning, Guna
Personal Computer
Mini Computer
Mainframe Computers
Super Computers