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S.P.SHARMA9910707562, [email protected]

(For Beginners)

By

S. P. SHARMA

This Book Covers:-

1. Fundamentals o Com!uter

". MS-#i$e Pa$ka%e

&. 'nternet

(. Com!uter Hard)are * +et)orkin%

,. More Than /uestions

. Pra$ti$al Sam!le Pa!ers

0. S'S M2S Sylla3us 4'CT-115 'CT-",5 'CT-"67. S8SR9 4Mission Conver%en$e6 Sylla3us

1 Com!uter Basi$ * ata 2ntry

" Te$hni$ian Com!uter Hard)are * +et)orkin%

1 | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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F;+AM2+TA


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Fundamentals of Computers (for Beginners)

$op%right &201' S.P. SHARMA

A right reser(e". )o part o# this p!*lication ma% *e repro"!ce", store" in a

retrie(al s%stem or transmitte" in an% #orm or *% an% means. electronic,

electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocop%ing, recor"ing or

other+ise, +itho!t permission in +riting #rom the a!thor.

irst e"ition 201'

Prie Rs. !".##

Printe" in n"ia

A!thorise" -istri*!tor P!*lisher / Ms oal ine Art Press Shop )o. ',

3hagat Singh Maret, ole Mare+t, )e+ -elhi4110001

$ | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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PREFACE

It ! a -ook valua-le for -e"nner!, nterme0ate an0 a0vance u!er!. The

-ook ! wrtten wth !everal "oal! n mn0 for a0vancement n the -a!c!

level for the -e"nner! n computer!. Th! -ook ! very u!eful for Ba!c

computer, ITIC$&A, &olytechnc, BCA, MCA, B.Tech., &GDCA, BCC cour!e!.

Th! -ook ! very u!eful for the 8T& am! of 9un0amental! of Computer!

(ICT232) an0 for Skll Development Intatve Scheme un0er Mn!try of

:a-our ; mployment Govt. of In0a.

Th! -ook al!o cover! !ylla-u! of Ba!c Computer, Computer #ar0ware ;

'etworkn" cour!e! of M!!on Conver"ence, Govt. of Delh.

I hope that th! -ook wll ful


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2'CAT'#+

This book is dedicated to my noble and pious parents, Shri Vinod Sharma and Smt. Usha

Sharma. My parents made most earnest and unrelenting efforts in making me literate,

knowledgeable, and disciplined. They subscribed to a vision that an educated and knowledgeable

person can bring cheerfulness in the lives of those who come in touch with him, Therefore,

imparting me the best possible academic and moral education occupied most of their time,

money, and resourses.

Today when I observe signs of satisfaction and cheerfulness in my computer classess, I

realie the importance and divinity of the vision of my parents. My this book is an another

attempt towards paying a tribute to their vision of sound education, profound knowledge, and

unassailable morality. I have made the most earnest efforts for imparting as much knowledge as

possible through this book.

S. P. SHARMA

The Author

" | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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&'at is Computer

$omp!ter is an a"(ance" electronic "e(ice that taes ra+ "ata as inp!t #romthe !ser an" processes these "ata !n"er the control o# set o# instr!ctions calle"program an" gi(es the res!lt o!tp!t an" sa(es o!tp!t #or the #!t!re !se. tcan process *oth n!merical an" non4n!merical arithmetic an" logical

calc!lations.A comp!ter has #o!r #!nctions/

a. accepts "ata nput

*. processes "ata Proessing

c. pro"!ces o!tp!t*utput

". stores res!lts Storage

nput (+ata),

np!t is the ra+ in#ormation entere" into a comp!ter #rom the inp!t "e(ices. t isthe collection o# letters, n!m*ers, images etc.

Proess,

Process is the operation o# "ata as per gi(en instr!ctions. t is totall% internalprocess o# the comp!ter s%stem.

*utput,

!tp!t is the processe" "ata gi(en *% comp!ter a#ter "ata processing. !tp!t isalso calle" res!lt. 8e can sa(e these res!lts in the storage "e(ices #or #!t!re!se.

Computer S-stem

All o# the components o# a comp!ter s%stem can *e s!mmarie" +ith the simplee:!ations.

C*MP/0R SS/0M HAR+&AR0 3 S*F/&AR03 S0R

; Har"+are < nternal -e(ices = Peripheral -e(ices

All ph%sical parts o# the comp!ter or e(er%thing that +e can to!ch are no+n

as Har"+are.

> Software ? &ro"ram!

Software "ve! @ntell"ence@ to the computer.

> S% ? &er!on, who operate! computer.



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Features of Computer:-

• &roce!!or

• !pee0

• rela-lty

• accuracy• automaton

• 0l"ence

• con!!tency

• no.feeln"!

Generations of Computers

ach "eneraton of computer ! charactere0 -y a maor technolo"cal

0evelopment that fun0amentally chan"e0 the way computer! operate, re!ultn"

n ncrea!n"ly !maller, cheaper, more powerful an0 more ecent an0 rela-le

0evce!.

First Generation (19!-19"#$ %a&uum Tu'es

9r!t "eneraton computer! rele0 on machne lan"ua"e, the lowe!tlevel

pro"rammn" lan"ua"e un0er!too0 -y computer!, to perform operaton!, an0

they coul0 only !olve one pro-lem at a tme. Input wa! -a!e0 on punche0 car0!

an0 paper tape, an0 output wa! 0!playe0 on prntout!.

>he ?)A$ an" )A$ comp!ters are eBamples o# Crst4generation comp!ting

"e(ices. >he ?)A$ +as the Crst commercial comp!ter "eli(ere" to a *!sinessclient, the ?.S. $ens!s 3!rea! in 1951.

Seond 5eneration (1!"461!4$) /ransistors

Secon"4generation comp!ters mo(e" #rom cr%ptic *inar% machine lang!age tos%m*olic, or assem*l%, lang!ages, +hich allo+e" programmers to speci#%instr!ctions in +or"s. High4le(el programming lang!ages +ere also *eing"e(elope" at this time, s!ch as earl% (ersions o# $3D an" R>RA). >hese+ere also the Crst comp!ters that store" their instr!ctions in their memor%,+hich mo(e" #rom a magnetic "r!m to magnetic core technolog%.

/'ird 5eneration (1!4%61!71) ntegrated Ciruits

>he "e(elopment o# the integrate" circ!it +as the hallmar o# the thir"generation o# comp!ters. >ransistors +ere miniat!rie" an" place" on siliconchips, calle" semicon"!ctors, +hich "rasticall% increase" the spee" an"eEcienc% o# comp!ters.



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nstea" o# p!nche" car"s an" printo!ts, !sers interacte" +ith thir" generationcomp!ters thro!gh e%*oar"s an" monitors an" inter#ace" +ith an operatings%stem, +hich allo+e" the "e(ice to r!n man% "iFerent applications at one time+ith a central program that monitore" the memor%.

Fourt' 5eneration (1!716Present) Miroproessors

>he microprocessor *ro!ght the #o!rth generation o# comp!ters, as tho!san"s o# integrate" circ!its +ere *!ilt onto a single silicon chip. 8hat in the Crstgeneration Clle" an entire room co!l" no+ Ct in the palm o# the han". >he ntelG00G chip, "e(elope" in 1971, locate" all the components o# the comp!ter#rom the central processing !nit an" memor% to inp!to!tp!t controlson asingle chip.

n 19I1 3M intro"!ce" its Crst comp!ter #or the home !ser, an" in 19IG Appleintro"!ce" the Macintosh. Microprocessors also mo(e" o!t o# the realm o#"estop comp!ters an" into man% areas o# li#e as more an" more e(er%"a%pro"!cts *egan to !se microprocessors.

Fift' 5eneration (Present and Be-ond) Arti8ial ntelligene

i#th generation comp!ting "e(ices, *ase" on artiCcial intelligence, are still in"e(elopment, tho!gh there are some applications, s!ch as (oice recognition,that are *eing !se" to"a%. >he !se o# parallel processing an" s!percon"!ctors ishelping to mae artiCcial intelligence a realit%. J!ant!m comp!tation an"molec!lar an" nanotechnolog% +ill ra"icall% change the #ace o# comp!ters in%ears to come. >he goal o# C#th4generation comp!ting is to "e(elop "e(ices that

respon" to nat!ral lang!age inp!t an" are capa*le o# learning an" sel#4organiation.

A'a&us to E)AC (E*e&troni& umeri&a* )nte+rator An, Ca*&u*ator$:

hi+h*i+hts in the histor of &omputin+

• 2E33 The a-acu!, u!n" -ea0! !trun" on wre! an0 mounte0 n a frame, wa! n

w0e!prea0 u!e n Chna.

• 2533 The =upu, a !y!tem of knotte0 !trn"!, wa! n eten!ve u!e -y &eruvanInca!.

• 262F ohn 'aper 0e!cr-e0 lo"arthm!.

• 2624 'aper 0e!cr-e0 h! calculatn" ro0!, or @-one!,@ n a -ook pu-l!he0 the year he 0e0.

• 267E lhelm Schckar0, n a letter to ohanne! Hepler, "ave the


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• 26F7 Bla!e &a!cal nvente0 an a00n" machne t ! the ol0e!t !urvvn"

eample of a true a00n" machne where ten! carry.

• 264E Gottfre0 lhelm :e-nJ! calculator mechane0 multplca ton a! wella! a00ton.

• 2K3E o!eph Mare ac=uar0 -e"an work on an automatc loom that u!e0

punche0 car0! to control the manufacturn" proce!!.

• 2K77 Charle! Ba--a"e complete0 a mo0el of the 0erence en"ne, a 0evcethat lnke0 a00n" an0 !u-tractn" mechan!m! to one another to calculate the

value! of more comple mathematcal functon!. Charle! Ba--a"e known a!father of computer.

• 2KEF Ba--a"e turne0 from con!tructon of the 0erence en"ne to a far moream-tou! analytcal en"ne* a machne that em-o0e0 n t! 0e!"n mo!t of thefeature! of a mo0ern 0"tal computer.

• 2KFE A0a Au"u!ta, Counte!! of :ovelace, pu-l!he0 a 0e!crpton of Ba--a"eJ!analytcal en"ne that ncorporate0 many of the concept! of mo0ern computerpro"rammn". A0a :ovelance known a!


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)%AC nver!al Automatc Computer A tra0emark of n!y! corporaton

t wa! relea!e0 n 2152 an0 2157. 'I8AC contan! thou!an0! of vacuum tu-e!

that utle punch car0! an0 !wtche!.

Computer

Histor /ear0Enter

Computer Histor

)nentors0)nentions

Computer Histor

2es&ription of Eent

21E6 Honra0 Lu!e L2 Computer9r!t freely

pro"ramma-le computer.

21F7

ohn Atana!o ; Clor0

Berry

ABC Computer

ho wa!


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Spacewar Computer Game nvente0.

216FDou"la! n"el-art

Computer Mou!e ; n0ow!

'ckname0 the mou!e

-ecau!e the tal came out

the en0.2161 A%&Anet The or"nal Internet.

2143 Intel 223E Computer Memory

The worl0J!


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Computer in ndia, 6

(en tho!gh the +orl" got intro"!ce" to the comp!ter technolog% in late #orties,n"ia *o!ght its Crst comp!ter in 1956 #or a princel% s!m o# Rs 10 lah. t +ascalle" H$42M an" +as installe" at $alc!ttaKs n"ian Statistical nstit!te. t +as

nothing more than a n!m*er cr!nching machine an" +as h!ge in sie. >he"imensions o# this monster +ere 10 #t in length, 7 #t in *rea"th an" 6 #t inheight. t pla%e" a critical role in #orm!lating ann!al an" C(e4%ear plans *% theplanning commission, an" in top4secret proLects o# n"iaKs n!clear program.Moreo(er, it +ent on to t!rn o!t n"iaKs Crst generation o# comp!terpro#essionals. t +as at least ten tho!san" times slo+er in sol(ing e(en simplepro*lems than to"a%Ks machines. 3!t it set the stage #or the "e(elopment o# comp!ters in n"ia.

Ma:or parts of t'e Computer

nput +e;ies

A "e(ice that can *e !se" to insert "ata into a comp!ter or othercomp!tational "e(ice is no+n as np!t "e(ice.

2. Mou!e 7.Hey-oar0

E.Scanner

F. D"talCamera

5. e-Camera

6. oy!tck!

4. Track Ball

K. Touch&a0/Screen



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1. :"ht&en

23. BarCo0e%ea0er

22.Mcrophone

27.Graphc!Ta-let!

2E.Ma"netcInk Character%ea0er(!e0 nBank)

2F.$ptcalMark %ea0er(!e0 for An!werSheetMarkn"&urpo!e)

25.Ma"netcCar0%ea0er(!e0 nShop!,Colle"e!,Staton!etc)

26.BometrcDevce!

24.Bluetooth

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Proessor

C0


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The arthmetclo"c unt (A:) perform! all arthmetc operaton!

(a00ton, !u-tracton, multplcaton, an0 0v!on) an0 lo"c

operaton!. :o"c operaton! te!t varou! con0ton! encountere0 0urn"

proce!!n" an0 allow for 0erent acton! to -e taken -a!e0 on the re!ult!.

The 0ata re=ure0 to perform the arthmetc an0 lo"cal functon! are nput!

from the 0e!"nate0 C& re"!ter! an0 operan0!.

Contro* nit: -

The control unt mantan! or0er wthn the computer !y!tem an0

0rect! the ow of trac (operaton!) an0 0ata. The control unt!elect!one pro"ram !tatement at a tme from thepro"ram !tora"e area,

nterpret! the !tatement, an0 !en0! the approprate electronc

mpul!e! to the arthmetclo"c unt an0 !tora"e !ecton to cau!e them to

carry out the n!tructon

4utput 2ei&es

1" | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r

1.Monitor

2.Printer

'.Spea

er

G.ProLect

or

5.Plotter


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Any machne capa-le of repre!entn" nformaton from a computer ! known

a! output 0evce. Th! nclu0e! 0!play !creen!, prnter!, plotter!, an0

!ynthe!er!.

*utput de;ies are t>o t-pes,

1. Hard Cop- de;ies, 6

Har" cop% is a relati(el% permanent #orm o# o!tp!t that can *e rea" imme"iatel%or store" #or later !se, s!ch as paper. Printers are the most common har" cop%o!tp!t "e(ices.

2. Soft Cop- de;ies, 6

So#t cop% is a transient #orm o# o!tp!t, #or eBample, teBt on a screen "ispla%. t islost i# the comp!ter is t!rne" oF !nless it is sa(e" in the main memor% or on a"is.

Printer, 6

A "e(ice that prints teBt or ill!strations on paper is no+n as printer. >he% are*roa"l% categorie" in to t+o t%pes, the% are

1. mpat Printer

>o create teBt or image *% ph%sicall% maing the print hea" to press the in ri**onan" ca!se the in "eposition on the paper in "esire" #orm is calle" impact t%pe.)ormall% it is :!ite lo!"er in nat!re +hen compare" to other t%pes o# printers. >he+ell no+n eBample #or impact t%pe is -ot MatriB an" -ais% +heel.

+ot Matri? Printer, 6

A t%pe o# printer that pro"!ces characters an" ill!strations *% striing pinsagainst an in ri**on to print closel% space" "ots in the appropriate shape. -ot4matriB printers are relati(el% eBpensi(e an" "o not pro"!ce high4:!alit% o!tp!t.

-ot4matriB printers (ar% in t+o important characteristics/

Speed/

i(en in characters per secon" cps, the spee" can (ar% #rom a*o!t 50 to o(er500 cps. Most "ot4matriB printers oFer "iFerent spee"s "epen"ing on the :!alit%o# print "esire".

Print @ualit-,

-etermine" *% the n!m*er o# pins the mechanisms that print the "ots, it can(ar% #rom 9 to 2G. >he *est "ot4matriB printers 2G pins can pro"!ce near letter4:!alit% t%pe.

1.


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>his pro"!ce teBt or images on paper +itho!t striing the paper ph%sicall% arecalle" as non4impact t%pe. >he +ell no+n eBample o# this t%pe is >hermalprinter, lasers an" inLets.

=aser Printer, 6

A t%pe o# printer that !tilies a laser *eam to pro"!ce an image on a "r!m. >he light o# the laser alters the electrical charge on the "r!m +here(er it hits. >he "r!m is then rolle" thro!gh a reser(oir o# toner. ne o# the chie# characteristics o# laser printers is their resol!tion ho+ man% "ots per inch"pi the% la% "o+n. >he a(aila*le resol!tions range #rom '00 "pi at the lo+en" to 1,200 "pi at the high en".

n:et Printer, 6

A t%pe o# printer that +ors *% spra%ing ionie" in at a sheet o# paper.Magnetie" plates in the inKs path "irect the in onto the paper in the"esire" shapes. n4Let printers are capa*le o# pro"!cing high :!alit% printapproaching that pro"!ce" *% laser printers. A t%pical in4Let printer pro(i"esa resol!tion o# '00 "ots per inch, altho!gh some ne+er mo"els oFer higherresol!tions.

Plotter, 6

A comp!ter o!tp!t "e(ice that "ra+s graphs or pict!res, !s!all% *% mo(ing a pen.An o!tp!t "e(ice that "ra+s graphs an" other pictorial images on paper, sometimes!sing attache" pens to plo" or totter, mo(e cas!all% an" lail%.

+ump /erminal, 6

A "ispla% monitor that has no processing capa*ilities is an eBample o# "!mpterminal. A "!m* terminal is simpl% an o!tp!t "e(ice that accepts "ata #rom the$P?.

+ (isual +ispla- nit), 6

Short #or (is!al "ispla% !nit, the ol" term #or "ispla% monitors. >he ol"er -?sincl!"e" a $R>, a serial port to connect to a main comp!ter, an" a e%*oar". t is aso#t cop% o!tp!t "e(ice.

Monitor,6

A monitor or "ispla% also calle" screen or (is!al "ispla% !nit is an electronic (is!al"ispla% #or comp!ters. >he monitor comprises the "ispla% "e(ice, circ!itr%, an" anenclos!re. >he "ispla% "e(ice in mo"ern monitors is t%picall% a thin Clm transistor>>, li:!i" cr%stal "ispla% D$-, thin panel, +hile ol"er monitors !se a catho"e ra%t!*e $R> a*o!t as "eep as the screen sie.



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Cat'ode Ra- /ue (CR/), 6

>he Crst comp!ter monitors !se" catho"e ra% t!*es $R>. ?ntil the earl% 19I0s,the% +ere no+n as (i"eo "ispla% terminals an" +ere ph%sicall% attache" to thecomp!ter an" e%*oar". >he monitors +ere monochrome, Nicere" an" the image

:!alit% +as poor.=iDuid Cr-stal +ispla- (=C+), 6

A li:!i" cr%stal "ispla% D$- is a Nat panel "ispla%, electronic (is!al "ispla%, or(i"eo "ispla% that !ses the light mo"!lating properties o# li:!i" cr%stals D$s. D$s"o not emit light "irectl%.

D$-s are !se" in a +i"e range o# applications, incl!"ing comp!ter monitors,tele(ision, instr!ment panels, aircra#t cocpit "ispla%s, signage, etc. >he% arecommon in cons!mer "e(ices s!ch as (i"eo pla%ers, gaming "e(ices, clocs,+atches, calc!lators, an" telephones. D$-s ha(e replace" catho"e ra% t!*e $R>

"ispla%s in most applications.

/'in6Film /ransistor, 6

A thin4Clm transistor >> is a special in" o# Cel"4eFect transistor ma"e *%"epositing thin Clms o# a semicon"!ctor acti(e la%er as +ell as the "ielectric la%eran" metallic contacts o(er a s!pporting s!*strate. A common s!*strate is glass,since the primar% application o# >>s is in li:!i" cr%stal "ispla%s. >his "iFers #romthe con(entional transistor +here the semicon"!ctor material t%picall% is thes!*strate, s!ch as a silicon +a#er.

Storage +e;ies

-e(ices !se" to store "ata that can *e retrie(e" later.

1. Primar- memor- (main memor-)

Primar% storage, also no+n as main storage or memor%, is the mainarea in a comp!ter in +hich "ata is store" #or :!ic access *% thecomp!terKs processor. n to"a%Ks smaller comp!ters, especiall% personal

comp!ters an" +orstations, the term ran"om access memor% RAM 4 or L!st memor% 4 is !se" instea" o# primar% or main storage

A. RAM (Random Aess Memor-E

Read6&rite Memor-)



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Prono!nce" ramm, acron%m #or ran"om access memor%, a t%pe o# comp!termemor% that can *e accesse" ran"oml% that is, an" an% *%te o# memor% can *eaccesse" +itho!t to!ching the prece"ing *%tes.

>here are t+o "iFerent t%pes o# RAM/ -RAM -%namic Ran"om Access Memor% an"SRAM Static Ran"om Access Memor%.

+RAM, 6

A t%pe o# ph%sical memor% !se" in most personal comp!ters. >he term "%namicin"icates that the memor% m!st *e constantl% re#reshe" reenergie" or it +ill loseits contents. RAM ran"om4access memor% is sometimes re#erre" to as -RAMprono!nce" "ee4ram to "isting!ish it #rom static RAM SRAM. Static RAM is #asteran" less (olatile than "%namic RAM, *!t it re:!ires more po+er an" is moreeBpensi(e.

SRAM, 6

Short #or static ran"om access memor%, an" prono!nce" ess4ram. SRAM is a t%pe o# memor% that is #aster an" more relia*le than the more common -RAM "%namicRAM. >he term static is "eri(e" #rom the #act that it "oesnKt nee" to *e re#reshe"lie "%namic RAM.

8hile -RAM s!pports access times o# a*o!t 60 nanosecon"s, SRAM can gi(e accesstimes as lo+ as 10 nanosecon"s.

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>he t+o t%pes "iFer in the technolog% the% !se to hol" "ata, +ith -RAM *eing themore common t%pe. n terms o# spee", SRAM is #aster. -RAM nee"s to *e re#reshe"tho!san"s o# times per secon" +hile SRAM "oes not nee" to *e re#reshe", +hich is+hat maes it #aster than -RAM. -RAM s!pports access times o# a*o!t 60nanosecon"s, SRAM can gi(e access times as lo+ as 10 nanosecon"s.

B. R*M (Read6onl-6memor-)

RM is a non (olatile memor% .t is a primar% memor% o# comp!ter, +hich store""ata permanental%.

/-pes of R*M

A. PR*M, 6

Short #or programma*le rea"4onl% memor%, a memor% chip on +hich "ata can *e+ritten onl% once. nce a program has *een +ritten onto a PRM, it remainsthere #ore(er. ?nlie RAM, PRMs retain their contents +hen the comp!ter ist!rne" oF.

>he "iFerence *et+een a PRM an" a RM rea"4onl% memor% is that a PRM isman!#act!re" as *lan memor%, +hereas a RM is programme" "!ring theman!#act!ring process. >o +rite "ata onto a PRM chip, %o! nee" a special "e(icecalle" a PRM programmer or PRM *!rner. >he process o# programming a PRM issometimes calle" *!rning the PRM.

A. 0PR*M, 6

Acron%m #or erasa*le programma*le rea"4onl% memor%, an" prono!nce" ee4prom,PRM is a special t%pe o# memor% that retains its contents !ntil it is eBpose" to!ltra(iolet light. >he !ltra(iolet light clears its contents, maing it possi*le toreprogram the memor%. >o +rite to an" erase an PRM, %o! nee" a special "e(icecalle" a PRM programmer or PRM *!rner.

An PRM "iFers #rom a PRM in that a PRM can *e +ritten to onl% once an"cannot *e erase"

A. 00PR*M, 6

PRM short #or electricall% erasa*le programma*le rea"4onl% memor%. PRM isa special t%pe o# PRM that can *e erase" *% eBposing it to an electrical charge.Die other t%pes o# PRM, PRM retains its contents e(en +hen the po+er ist!rne" oF. Also lie other t%pes o# RM, PRM is not as #ast as RAM.

PRM is similar to Nash memor% sometimes calle" Nash PRM. >he principal"iFerence is that PRM re:!ires "ata to *e +ritten or erase" one *%te at a time+hereas Nash memor% allo+s "ata to *e +ritten or erase" in *locs. >his maesNash memor% #aster.

1. Seondar- memor- (storage de;ies)

2# | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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Secon"ar% memor% or secon"ar% storage is the slo+est an" cheapest #orm o# memor%. t cannot *e processe" "irectl% *% the $P?. t m!st Crst *e copie" intoprimar% storage also no+n as RAM.

Secon"ar% memor% "e(ices incl!"e magnetic "iss lie har" "ri(es an" Nopp% "issoptical "iss s!ch as $-s an" $-4RM an" magnetic tapes, +hich +ere the Crst

#orms o# secon"ar% memor%.

1. Seondar- memor- (storage de;ies)

Secon"ar% memor% or secon"ar% storage is the slo+est an" cheapest #orm o# memor%. t cannot *e processe" "irectl% *% the $P?. t m!st Crst *e copie" intoprimar% storage also no+n as RAM.

Secon"ar% memor% "e(ices incl!"e magnetic "iss lie har" "ri(es an" Nopp% "issoptical "iss s!ch as $-s an" $-4RM an" magnetic tapes, +hich +ere the Crst#orms o# secon"ar% memor%.

-ate in(ente" 2G -ecem*er 195Gn(ente" *% 3M team le" *% Re% Oohnson

t is a non4(olatile storage "e(ice +hich stores "igitall% enco"e" "ata on rapi"l%rotating platters +ith magnetic s!r#ace.

/-pes of H++,

-/ ntegrate" -ri(e lectronics. - "ri(es are also no+n as PA>A "ri(es Parallel

a"(ance technolog% attachment

SA>A/ Serial a"(ance technolog% attachment

S$S/ Small $omp!ter S%stem nter#ace. S$S is prono!nce" as sc!%.

SAS/ Serial Attache" S$S



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+0 E PA/A (ntegrated +ri;e 0letronis +ri;e E Parallel Ad;ane/e'nolog- Atta'ment +ri;e)

• -PA>A -ri(es ha(e !s!all% G0 pins.

• -PA>A -ri(es oFer 1'' M3sec trans#er rate.

• t sen"s I *it "ata at a time.

• PA>A $a*les are !se" to connect PA>A H--. >+o "ri(es can *e connecte" in a

single PA>A ca*le. ne as master an" other as sla(e. >he conCg!ration o#

master an" sla(e is "one *% "iFerent com*ination o# L!mpers in the H--.

SA/A (Serial Ad;ane /e'nolog- Atta'ment +ri;e)

• SA>A -ri(es ha(e !s!all% 7 pins, G pins in pair o# t+o #or sen"ing an"

recei(ing "ata an" rest ' pins are gro!n"e".



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• SA>A -ri(es oFers generall% '00M3sec trans#er rate.

• t sen"s "ata *it *% *it.

• SA>A $a*les are !se" to connect SA>A H--. nl% one "ri(e can *e connecte"

in a single SA>A ca*le.

SCS (Small Computer S-stem nterfae +ri;e)

• S$S -ri(es ha(e !s!all% 50 to 6I pins.

• S$S -ri(e oFers generall% 6G0M3sec trans#er rate.

• >hese "ri(es are not s+appa*le.

• S$S ca*les are !se" to connect S$S H--. MaBim!m o# 16 "ri(es can *econnecte" in a single scsi ca*le. ach H-- has a I *%tes heBa"ecimal co"e no+nas 88) +orl" +i"e name #or its i"entiCcation in the ca*le.

SAS (Serial Atta'ed SCS +ri;e)

• SAS -ri(es generall% oFers I05 M3sec trans#er rate.

• >hese "ri(es are not s+appa*le.

• SAS $a*les are !se" to connect SAS -ri(es. MaBim!m o# 12I "ri(es can *econnecte" in a single sas ca*le.

3. ptical -iss/ $-4R, $-4R8, --4R, --4R8

3.ptical-iss/$-4R,$-4R8,--4R,--4R8

$. Pen-ri(e



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-.ip-ri(e

.lopp%-iss

.Memor%$ar"s

.BternalHar"-is

Perip'eral +e;ies

1. >heMo"emnternetA"apter

2.S+itchesH!*

'.Ro!ter

G. > >!ner$ar"

Remo;ale +ri;e, 6

Storage me"ia +hich are "esigne" to *e remo(e" #rom the comp!ter +itho!tpo+ering the comp!ter oF is no+n as remo(a*le "ri(e or remo(a*le me"ia.

Pen -ri(e, eBternal har" "is, memor% car", optical "is, Nopp% "is etc are theeBamples o# remo(a*le me"ia.

Pen +ri;e, 6

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t is also no+n as a ?S3 "ri(e or a th!m* "ri(e. t is a porta*le "ri(e +hich is assmall as the sie o# a th!m* an" connects to a comp!terKs ?S3 port. >he% arecapa*le to store in#ormation !p to as m!ch as '2 3.

nternal Components

2. The MotherBoar0

7. pan!onSlot!

E. CM$SBattery

F. Cooln"9an

5. 'etwork

Car0

6. Graphc!

Car0

4. &owerSupply nt(SM&S)

K. MemorySlot!

Port, 6



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A socet in a comp!ter or net+or into +hich a "e(ice can *e pl!gge" is no+n asport.

a Serial PortA serial port can onl% transmit one *it o# "ata at a time, +hereas a parallelport can transmit man% *its at once. >he serial port is t%picall% the slo+estport %o!Qll Cn" on a P$, i# %o! Cn" one at all. Most ne+er comp!ters ha(ereplace" serial ports +ith m!ch #aster an" more compati*le ?S3 ports.

* Parallel PortA connector #or a "e(ice that sen"s or recei(es se(eral *its o# "atasim!ltaneo!sl% *% !sing more than one +ire is no+n as parallel port.

c ?S3 ?ni(ersal Serial 3!s Port/ 4?ni(ersal Serial 3!s, a connection technolog% #or attaching peripheral "e(icesto a comp!ter or other electronic machines, pro(i"ing #ast "ata eBchange.?ni(ersal Serial 3!s ?S3 is a speciCcation to esta*lish comm!nication*et+een "e(ices an" a host controller !s!all% personal comp!ters,

"e(elope" an" in(ente" *% ALa% 3hatt +hile +oring #or ntel.Soft>are

So#t+are, simpl% are the comp!ter programs. >he instr!ctions gi(en to thecomp!ter in the #orm o# a program are calle" So#t+are. So#t+are is the set o# programs, +hich are !se" #or "iFerent p!rposes. All the programs !se" in comp!terto per#orm speciCc tas is calle" So#t+are.

So#t+are is a collection o# programmes, "oc!mentation an" proce"!res.

So#t+are < Programmes = -oc!mentation = Proce"!res

Programmes / Set o# instr!ctions-oc!mentation / 8hat is, -oc!mentation "escri*es in#ormation a*o!t so#t+ares!ch as so#t+are names, so#t+are re:!irement, #eat!res an" #!nctions o# so#t+areetc.

Proce"!res / Ho+ to, Proce"!res "escri*e the +oring proce"!re o# so#t+are i.e.ho+ to operate so#t+are.

S*F/&AR0

/-pes of soft>are

1. S-stem soft>are,


Programms -oc!mentationProce"!res


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S%stem so#t+are is comp!ter so#t+are "esigne" to operate the comp!ter har"+arean" to pro(i"e an" maintain a plat#orm #or r!nning application so#t+are.

a) *perating S-stem Soft>are

An operating s%stem S is so#t+are, consisting o# programs an" "ata that r!ns on

comp!ters an" manages the comp!ter har"+are an" pro(i"es common ser(ices #oreEcient eBec!tion o# (ario!s application so#t+are.

0?ample ,6

-S, 8in"o+s TP, 8in"o+s ista, 8in"o+s 7, ?niBDin!B, MA$S T etc.

) tilit- Soft>are

?tilit% so#t+are is s%stem so#t+are "esigne" to help anal%e, conCg!re,

optimie or maintain a comp!ter. A single piece o# !tilit% so#t+are is

!s!all% calle" a !tilit% or tool.

?tilit% so#t+are !s!all% #oc!ses on ho+ the comp!ter in#rastr!ct!re operates.Bamples are4

8in"o+s Bplorer ileol"er Management, 8in"o+s Me"ia Pla%er, Anti4ir!s?tilities, -is -e#ragmentation, -is $lean, 3ac?p, 8inip, 8inRAR etcU

1. Appliation soft>are,

Application so#t+are, also no+n as an application, is comp!ter so#t+are "esigne"to help the !ser to per#orm sing!lar or m!ltiple relate" speciCc tass. Bamplesincl!"e enterprise so#t+are, acco!nting so#t+are, oEce s!ites, graphics so#t+are,an" me"ia pla%ers.

a) Paage Soft>are

M!ltiple so#t+are programs that +or together or per#orms similar #!nctions an" is*!n"le" an" sol" together as a so#t+are pacage. Bamples are /4

Ms. Ece 200', Ms. Ece 2007, Macrome"ia -ream+ea(er, lash, reehan",A"o*e PageMaer, PhotoShop

a) /ailored or Custom Soft>are

$!stom so#t+are also no+n as *espoe so#t+are is a t%pe o# so#t+are that is"e(elope" either #or a speciCc organiation or #!nction that "iFers #rom or isopposite o# other alrea"% a(aila*le so#t+areSA Acco!nting, alileo8orl"span>ra(el etc.

$. Computer =anguages Sripting,

a) =o> =e;el =anguage



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Machine lang!ages an" assem*l% lang!ages are no+n as lo+4le(el lang!ages*eca!se the% interact "irectl% +ith the comp!terKs har"+are !sing machine4oriente" co"es rather than nglish4lie comman"s

i) Ma'ine =e;el =anguage

ii) Asseml- =anguage

Ma'ine language/ >hese lang!age instr!ctions are "irectl% eBec!te" *% $P?

Asseml- language/ >he en"ea(or o# gi(ing machine lang!age instr!ctions aname str!ct!re that means *it strings o# instr!ctions o# machine lang!age are gi(enname here

() Hig' =e;el =anguage/ >he !ser #rien"l% lang!age ...more nat!ral lang!agethan assem*l% lang!age.

Assem*ler is nee"e" to con(ert assem*l% lang!age into machine lang!age

$omplier is nee"e" to con(ert high le(el to machine lang!age.

C$B$: (C$mmon Bu!ne!! $rente0 :an"ua"e), 9$%T%A' (9$%mulaT%A'!laton), BASIC (Be"nnerQ! Allpurpo!e Sym-olc In!tructon Co0e), C,CPP etc. are the eample! of #"h :evel :an"ua"e.

Types of Computer

n the *asis o# +oring principle

a) Analog Computer

An analog comp!ter spelt analog!e in 3ritish nglish is a #orm o# comp!ter that

!ses contin!o!s ph%sical phenomena s!ch as electrical, mechanical, or h%"ra!lic:!antities to mo"el the pro*lem *eing sol(e".



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2.Thermometer

7.Spee0ometer

E.&etrol&umpIn0cator

F.Multmeter

b) Digital Computer

A computer that perform! calculaton! an0 lo"cal operaton! wth =uantte!repre!ente0 a! 0"t!, u!ually n the -nary num-er !y!tem.

c) Hybrid Computer (Analog + Digital)

A com*ination o# comp!ters those are capa*le o# inp!tting an" o!tp!tting in *oth"igital an" analog signals. A h%*ri" comp!ter s%stem set!p oFers a cost eFecti(emetho" o# per#orming compleB sim!lations.

*n t'e asis of SiGe

a) Super Computer

>he #astest t%pe o# comp!ter. S!percomp!ters are (er% eBpensi(e an" areemplo%e" #or specialie" applications that re:!ire immense amo!nts o#



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mathematical calc!lations. or eBample, +eather #orecasting re:!ires as!percomp!ter. ther !ses o# s!percomp!ters incl!"e animate" graphics, N!i""%namic calc!lations, n!clear energ% research, an" petrole!m eBploration.

>he chie# "iFerence *et+een a s!percomp!ter an" a main#rame is that as!percomp!ter channels all its po+er into eBec!ting a #e+ programs as #ast as

possi*le, +hereas a main#rame !ses its po+er to eBec!te man% programsconc!rrentl%.

b) Mainframe Computer

A (er% large an" eBpensi(e comp!ter capa*le o# s!pporting h!n"re"s, or e(entho!san"s, o# !sers sim!ltaneo!sl%. n the hierarch% that starts +ith a simplemicroprocessor in +atches, #or eBample at the *ottom an" mo(es tos!percomp!ters at the top, main#rames are L!st *elo+ s!percomp!ters. n some+a%s, main#rames are more po+er#!l than s!percomp!ters *eca!se the% s!pportmore sim!ltaneo!s programs. 3!t s!percomp!ters can eBec!te a single program#aster than a main#rame.

c) Mini Computer

A m0!e0 computer. In !e an0 power, mncomputer! le -etween

workstations an0 mainframes. In the pa!t 0eca0e, the 0!tncton -etween lar"e

mncomputer! an0 !mall manframe! ha! -lurre0, however, a! ha! the

0!tncton -etween !mall mncomputer! an0 work!taton!. But n "eneral, a

mncomputer ! a multproce!!n" !y!tem capa-le of !upportn" from F to

a-out 733 u!er! !multaneou!ly.

$# | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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d) Micro Computer

. 2es5top Computer: a per!onal or mcromn computer !ucent to


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e) Workstations

A terminal or "estop comp!ter in a net+or. n this conteBt,+orstation is L!st a generic term #or a !serQs machine clientmachine in contrast to a Vser(erV or Vmain#rame.V

*n t'e asis of Brand

•

3M3M $ompati*le $omp!ters• AppleMacintosh

ooting

>he process o# loa"ing the s%stem Cles o# the operating s%stem #rom the "is intothe comp!ter memor% to complete the circ!itr% re:!irement o# the comp!ters%stem is calle" *ooting. >he s%stem Cles o# MS. -S are/

Types of ooting!

>here are t+o t%pes o# *ooting/

; $ol" 3ooting/ # the comp!ter is in oF state an" +e *oot the comp!ter *% pressingthe po+er s+itch W)K #rom the $P? *oB then it is calle" as col" *ooting.

; 8arm 3ooting/ # the comp!ter is alrea"% W)K an" +e restart it *% pressing theWRS>K *!tton #rom the $P? *oB or $>RD, AD> an" -D e% sim!ltaneo!sl% #rom thee%*oar" then it is calle" +arm *ooting.

$2 | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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Ho" to start t#e Computer in Ms$ Windo"s mode%

>here is nothing special %o! nee" to start this s%stem. O!st,

1. S+itch ) the Po+er S!ppl%.

2. S+itch ) the $P? an",

'. S+itch ) the Screen Monitor.

Ho" to S#utdo"n (Turn &ff) t#e Computer%

3e#ore sh!tting "o+n the $omp!ter, close all opene" +in"o+s at Crst. >hen,

1. $lic on Start *!tton.

2. $lic on Sh!t"o+n >!rn F $omp!ter.

>hen, $omp!ter ass %o!/

W#at do you "ant t#e Computer to do%

; Stan"*%

; Sh!t"o+n >!rn F

; Restart

; Restart in MS4-S mo"e.

'. $hoose 2n" option i.e. Sh!t"o+n>!rn F.

G. $lic on X.

>hen, +ait !ntil the message tKs no+ sa#e to t!rn oF %o!r $omp!ter.

$$ | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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5. >hen, S+itch F the screen.

6. S+itch F the $P?.

7. At last, S+itch F the po+er s!ppl%.


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SA) 4 Storage Area )et+or, S%stem Area )et+or, Ser(er Area )et+or, orsometimes Small Area )et+or

$A) 4 $amp!s Area )et+or, $ontroller Area )et+or, or sometimes $l!sterArea )et+or

PA) 4 Personal Area )et+or

-A) 4 -es Area )et+or

=A< 6 =oal Area or

A DA) connects net+or "e(ices o(er a relati(el% short "istance. A net+ore"oEce *!il"ing, school, or home !s!all% contains a single DA), tho!gh sometimesone *!il"ing +ill contain a #e+ small DA)s perhaps one per room, an"occasionall% a DA) +ill span a gro!p o# near*% *!il"ings.

&A< 6 &ide Area or

A 8A) is a geographicall%4"isperse" collection o# DA)s. A net+or "e(ice calle"a ro!ter connects DA)s to a 8A). n P net+oring, the ro!ter maintains *oth aDA) a""ress an" a 8A) a""ress.

&ireless =oal Area or Y

A DA) *ase" on 8ii +ireless net+or technolog%

Metropolitan Area or 4 A net+or spanning a ph%sical area larger than a DA) *!t smaller than a 8A),s!ch as a cit% is no+n as MA). A MA) is t%picall% o+ne" an operate" *% asingle entit% s!ch as a go(ernment *o"% or large corporation.

Campus Area or

A net+or spanning m!ltiple DA)s *!t smaller than a MA) is no+n as $A),s!ch as on a !ni(ersit% or local *!siness camp!s.

Storage Area or

SA) connects ser(ers to "ata storage "e(ices thro!gh a technolog% lie i*re$hannel.

S-stem Area or

$" | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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t lins high4per#ormance comp!ters +ith high4spee" connections in a cl!sterconCg!ration. t is also no+n as $l!ster Area )et+or.

Homogenous or, 6

A net+or r!nning a single net+or la%er protocol is no+n as Homogeno!s

)et+or.

Heterogeneous or, 6

A net+or r!nning m!ltiple net+or la%er protocols is no+n as Heterogeneo!s)et+or. A heterogeneo!s net+or is a net+or connecting comp!ters an" other"e(ices +ith "iFerent operating s%stems an"or protocols. or eBample, localarea net+ors DA)s that connect Microso#t 8in"o+s an" Din!B *ase" personalcomp!ters +ith Apple Macintosh comp!ters are heterogeneo!s.

S&A< (State &ide Area or), 6

n n"ia, S8A) is a go(ernment4s!*si"ie" proLect to create a state +i"e areanet+or 8A) that +ill impro(e go(ernment eEcienc%. S8A) +as appro(e" *%the go(ernment o# n"ia in March 2005 an" is targete" #or completion in O!ne2010.

8hen the S8A) proLect is complete", go(ernment oEces in each o# n"iaQs 29states an" siB !nion territories +ill *e connecte" an" a*le to s!pport )ational e4o(ernance Plan )P initiati(es #or go(ernment4to4go(ernment an"

go(ernment4to4cons!mer ser(ices.&'at is a /opolog-

>he ph%sical topolog% o# a net+or re#ers to the conCg!ration o# ca*les,comp!ters, an" other peripherals. Ph%sical topolog% sho!l" not *e con#!se" +ithlogical topolog% +hich is the metho" !se" to pass in#ormation *et+een+orstations.

)et+or topologies are categorie" into the #ollo+ing *asic t%pes/

1. 3!s

2. Ring'. StarG. >ree5. Mesh

More compleB net+ors can *e *!ilt as h%*ri"s o# t+o or more o# the a*o(e *asictopologies.



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&i6Fi (>ireless 8delit-)

8i4i short #or V+ireless C"elit%V is a term #or certain t%pes o# +ireless localarea net+or 8DA) that !se speciCcations in the I02.11 #amil%. >he term 8i4i+as create" *% an organiation calle" the 8i4i Alliance, +hich o(ersees tests

that certi#% pro"!ct interopera*ilit%. A pro"!ct that passes the alliance tests isgi(en the la*el V8i4i certiCe"V a registere" tra"emar.

&'at is a or Protool

A protocol is a set o# r!les that go(erns the comm!nications *et+een comp!terson a net+or. >hese r!les incl!"e g!i"elines that reg!late the #ollo+ingcharacteristics o# a net+or/ access metho", allo+e" ph%sical topologies, t%peso# ca*ling, an" spee" o# "ata trans#er.

/-pes of or Protools

1. thernet2. Docal >al'. >oen RingG. --5. A>M

/'e diIerent t-pes of protools are.

1. $onnection oriente" protocol.2. $onnection less protocols.

Bample/ >$P is a connection oriente" protocol. ?-P is a connection less

protocol.

>$PP/4 >ransmission $ontrol protocol>P/ 4 ile >rans#er ProtocolH>>P/ 4H%per >eBt >rans#er ProtocolH>>PS/ 4 Sec!re H%per >eBt >rans#er Protocol?-P/ 4 ?ser -atagram Protocol

&&&888 Stan"s #or V8orl" 8i"e 8e*.V t is important to no+ that this is not as%non%m #or the nternet. >he 8orl" 8i"e 8e*, or L!st Vthe 8e*,V as or"inar%people call it, is a s!*set o# the nternet. >he 8e* consists o# pages that can *e

accesse" !sing a 8e* *ro+ser. >he nternet is the act!al net+or o# net+ors +hereall the in#ormation resi"es. >hings lie >elnet, >P, nternet gaming, nternet Rela%$hat R$, an" e4mail are all part o# the nternet, *!t are not part o# the 8orl" 8i"e8e*. >he H%per4>eBt >rans#er Protocol H>>P is the metho" !se" to trans#er 8e*pages to %o!r comp!ter. 8ith h%perteBt, a +or" or phrase can contain a lin toanother 8e* site. All 8e* pages are +ritten in the h%per4teBt mar!p lang!ageH>MD, +hich +ors in conL!nction +ith H>>P.06Mail (eletroni mail or email)



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4mail electronic mail is the eBchange o# comp!ter4store" messages *%telecomm!nication. 4mail messages are !s!all% enco"e" in AS$ teBt.

Ho+e(er, %o! can also sen" non4teBt Cles, s!ch as graphic images an" so!n" Cles,as attachments sent in *inar% streams. 4mail +as one o# the Crst !ses o# thenternet an" is still the most pop!lar !se.

4Mail ormat in mail

C$c

stan"s #or car*on cop%, +hich means that +hose a""ress appears a#ter the



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$c/ hea"er +o!l" recei(e a cop% o# the message. Also, the $c hea"er +o!l"also appear insi"e the hea"er o# the recei(e" message.B3cc stan"s #or *lin" car*on cop% +hich is similar to that o# $c eBcept that themail a""ress o# the recipients speciCe" in this Cel" "o not appear in therecei(e" message hea"er an" the recipients in the >o or $c Cel"s +ill not

no+ that a cop% sent to these a""ress.

&esite,A +e*site is a collection o# 8e*Pages. A +e*site is act!all% a collection o# Cles an" "oc!ments +hich is sa(e" in a ser(er itQs a speciCc comp!ter that isconnecte" to the internet all the time. (er% Cle has its o+n a""ress thatcalle" as ?RD ?ni#orm Reso!rce Docators. # %o! +ant to ha(e a +e*site,here are thing that %o! nee"/8e*site A""ress ?RD < ?ni#orm Reso!rce Docator/

>here are G important parts o# ?RD. >he Crst part is calle" Protocol, +e no+it as http/ stan"s #or H%per >eBt >rans#er Protocol. >he 2n" one is "omainname in man% cases s!*"omain is incl!"e" e.g., +++.m%"omain.com or+++.s!*"omain.m%"omain.com. >he 'r" one is -irector%, L!st lie a "irector%#ol"er in %o!r comp!ter +here the Cles locate" in speciCc area. >he Gth oneis Cle name e.g., in"eB.html or m%Cles.html. Here is an eBample o# completea""ress o# a +e*site Cle http/+++.+iB.comsachcorpspZ["o+nloa"06Mail &esites

• mail• \ahoo[ Mail• Re"iFmail• Si#%mail• Hotmail

Soial oring Sites

• ace*oo• >+itter• r!t• Dine"n

Sear' 0nginesSearch engines are programs that search "oc!ments #or speciCe" e%+or"san" ret!rn a list o# the "oc!ments +here the e%+or"s +ere #o!n". A searchengine is reall% a general class o# programs ho+e(er, the term is o#ten !se"to speciCcall% "escri*e s%stems lie 5oogleJ Bing and a'ooK Search thatena*le !sers to search #or "oc!ments on the 8orl" 8i"e 8e*.

$! | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r

http://www.wix.com/sachcorp/sp#!download/http://www.wix.com/sachcorp/sp#!download/


40/114


Basi Computer =itera-@uiG *ne

1. 8hich one is not an o!tp!t "e(ice]o Printero Monitoro Xe%*oar"o Mo"em

2. 8hich one +ors as an o!tp!t an" inp!t "e(ice]• Mo"em• Scanner• Mo!se• Monitor

'. All comp!ters m!st ha(e/• 8or" processing so#t+are• An operating s%stem• A printer attache"• A (ir!s checing program

G. >he *rain o# the comp!ter is calle"/• Ran"om Access Memor% or RAM• $entral Processing ?nit or $P?• Rea" nl% Memor% or RM• 3S

5. An operating s%stem is/• ntegrate" so#t+are• $-4RM so#t+are• Application so#t+are• S%stem so#t+are

6. So#t+are is/• A comp!ter program• A set o# instr!ctions• All o# the a*o(e• nl% in operating s%stems

7. ne M3 is e:!al to/• >he amo!nt o# RAM in e(er% comp!ter• 1 *illion *%tes•

102GX3• 1 tho!san" *%tesI. >he resol!tion o# a printer is meas!re" in/

• Mega*its• H• -ots per inch -P• nches "iagonal

%# | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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9. 8in"o+s an" Macintosh comp!ters/• Are *oth man!#act!re" *% Motorola• 3oth !se ntel microprocessors• ?se the same operating s%stem•

Are not compati*le10. A comp!ter port is !se" to/• $omm!nicate +ith other comp!ter peripherals• -o+nloa" Cles #rom the +e*• $omm!nicate +ith all har" "ri(es• $onnect comp!ters together

@uiG />o11. 8hich comp!ter is the #astest]

• P 600MH• P 600MH•

Penti!m 600MH• GI6 >!r*o

12. 8hich har" "is +ill *e a*le to store more in#ormation]• 2GM3• 2G00X3• 2Gig• 2G0M3

1'. n or"er #or %o!r comp!ter to pla% m!sic %o! nee"/• A net+or car" an" speaers• A so!n" car" an" speaers• )othing more than the internal speaer•

A $-4RM "ri(e1G. n or"er to access the 8orl" 8i"e 8e* %o! nee"/• An nternet connection, an nternet Ser(ice Pro(i"er an" *ro+ser

so#t+are• nl% nternet Bplorer or )etscape )a(igator• A mo"em an" a *ro+ser• )othing. All comp!ters can access the nternet

15. # %o! ha(e t+o "iFerent printers attache" to %o!r comp!ter/• t is not possi*le to ha(e t+o printers attache" to a single comp!ter• \o! nee" to install a single printer "ri(er• \o! nee" to !se application so#t+are that can recognie *oth

printers• \o! nee" to install t+o "iFerent printer "ri(ers in or"er to *e a*le to

print to either printer

16. 8hich Cle eBtensions in"icate onl% graphics Cles]• 3MP an" -$• OP an" >T>• >T> an" S>X

%1 | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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• 3MP an" 17. 8hich 8in"o+s program "o %o! !se to manage #ol"ers an" Cles]

• 8in"o+s Bplorer• 8in"o+s Accessories• Microso#t Ece•

8in"o+s $ontrol Panel1I. 8hat is a ?RD/• An email a""ress• >he title o# a +e* site• >he a""ress o# a page on the 8orl" 8i"e 8e*• A comm!nication metho" *et+een comp!ters an" printers

19. 8hich me"ia hol"s more in#ormation]• lopp% "isette• --• $-4RM• ip "ri(e

20. 8hich one is an email a""ress]• http/(ianet.comin"eB.htm• -/^^mail^Stan"ar"• Loesmart@*illme.com• $hamina"e.orgteachersmail a""resses

@uiG /'ree

21. $P? means• $entral Processing ?nit• $ontrolle" Program ?tiliation

• $omp!ter Programming ?nit• $omp!terie" Processing ?nit

22. $omp!ters !se a special co"e #or representing letters an" n!m*ers,no+n as the

• processing co"e• *inar% co"e• $RT co"e• integrate" co"e

2'. >he main circ!it *oar" in the comp!ter that connects the parts o# thecomp!ter is the

• har" "ri(e•

mother*oar"• #ather*oar"• main *oar"

2G. >he part o# the comp!ter that processes the in#ormation is the• Nopp% "is• $-4RM "ri(e• monitor• microprocessor



43/114


25. 8hich o# these is not an eBample o# an inp!t "e(ice]• e%*oar"• mo!se• har" "ri(e• scanner

26. Processing spee" in comp!ters is meas!re" in• milli(olts m• hert H• megahert MH• rpmQs

27. Bternal "e(ices s!ch as printers an" scanners pl!g into ___ in the *ac o# the comp!ter.

• RT45Qs• eBpansion slots• o!tlets• ports

2I. 8in"o+s is• a in" o# operating s%stem.• a graphics "ispla% "e(ice.• a monitor "ispla% s%stem.• a (i"eo game.

29. >o V*oot a comp!terV means to• a"" eBtra "ri(es.• t!rn on the so!n".•

t!rn it on.• thro+ it o!t 4 itQs o!t"ate".'0. >he har" "ri(e in the comp!ter is !s!all%

• -ri(e A.• -ri(e 3.• -ri(e $.• -ri(e H.

'1. A V*%teV is• #o!n" in the !pper right corner o# a +in"o+ screen.• a gro!p o# I *its o# co"e.• the capacit% o# a so!n" car".•

the part that mo(es on a "is "ri(e.'2. 8hen %o! clic SA on the monitor, an" there is no Nopp% "is in a"ri(e, the "oc!ment or application %o!Qre !sing is store"

• on the RAM chips.• on the $-4RM "ri(e.• in RM memor%.• on the har" "ri(e.

''. Pict!res on the "ispla% screen monitor are ma"e !p o#

%$ | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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• piBels.• la%ers o# color.• *its.• (i"eo VpacetsV

'G. >emporar% memor% is calle"•

RAM• $A-• -S• RM

'5. 8hich o# these is not one o# the three main #!nctions o# amicroprocessor]

• #etch• store• "eco"e• eBec!te

'6. 8hich o# these is not an eBample o# comp!ter har"+are]•

(i"eo car"• mo!se• $-4RM "ri(e• 8in"o+s

'7. >o V"e*!gV the s%stem means to• clean it.• Cn" an" correct errors.• "eco"e it.• set !p icons.

'I. A mega*%te is• 1,000 *%tes

• 1 *%te• 1 million *%tes• 1 trillion *%tes

'9. ormatting a "is means• installing an operating s%stem on it.• setting !p sections on the "is to store the Cles in.• cleaning the "is #rom an% "!st contaminates.• programming the "is so "ata on it canQt *e erase".

G0. A s%stem that connects in"i(i"!al comp!ters together is an• perating s%stem.• )et+or.• >ape "ri(e s%stem.• Partnere" path.

G1. 8hen %o! !se a P$, %o! are !sing a• Programma*le console.• Po+ere" calc!lating machine.• Personal comp!ter.• Processing contraption.

%% | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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G2. -? stan"s #or/• i"eo -ispla% ?nit• isi*le -ispla% ?nit• is!al -ispla% ?nit• i"eo -io"e ?nit

Ans>er of @uiG 1.

1. C 2. A $. B %. B ". + 4. C 7.

C 9. C !. + 1#. A

Ans>er of @uiG 2.

11. B 12. C 1$. B 1%. A 1". C 14. + 17.

A 19. C 1!. B 2#. C

Ans>er of @uiG $.

21. A 22. B 2$. B 2%. + 2". C 24. C27. + 29. A 2!. C $#. C $1. B

$2. + $$. A $%. A $". B $4. +$7. B $9. C $!. A %#. B %1. C%2. A

%" | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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@uiG,6 %

@.1) &'i' utton is used to sa;e our douments

A. Home 3!tton

3. Microso#t Ece 3!tton

$. nsert [email protected]) &'i' tas on t'e Rion is used to 8nd in t'e doument

A. Home >a*

3. nsert >a*

$. Re(ie+ >a*

@.$) &'i' tas on t'e Rion -ou 8nd t'e Loom

A. nsert >a*

3. >ools >a*

$. ie+ >a*

@.%) &'i' tas on t'e Rion do >e use to 'ange our font siGe

A. Home >a*

3. ormat >a*

$. ont >a*

@.") &'at is MS &ord

A. ts is a t%ping tool.

3. t is a calc!lating tool.

$. t is a comp!terie" tool.

@.4) &'i' tas on t'e Rion do >e use to ut and paste

A. Home >a*

3. >ools >a*

$. "it >a*

@.7) C'oose t'e est de8nition of a Mail Merge.

A. $om*ining %o!r compan%Qs mailroom +ith email technolog%.

3. >he process o# merging t+o "oc!ments into ne+ "oc!ments.$. A process o# *!l printing a""resse" en(elopes.

@.9) n a Mail Merge operationJ >'i' of t'e follo>ing mig't represent

t'e main doument

A. A Sales 3roch!re.

3. A orm Detter.

$. A -ata*ase o# )ames an" A""resses.

@.!) /'e indents onl- t'e 8rst line in a paragrap'.

A. irst Dine n"ent.



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3. Hanging n"ent.

$. De#t n"ent.

@.1#) A is a popular design element used to egin in a

ne>sletterJ magaGine or ot'er puliation.

A. -rop $ap3. Alignment

$. irst Dine n"ent

@.11) /'e simplest >a- to rearrange te?t in -our doument is to

.

A. $!tting, cop%ing an" pasting.

3. -rag an" "rop.

$. >%pe an" Replace.

@.12) Ne-oard s'ortut for C/ ommand is .A. $trl =

3. $trl = \

$. $trl = T

@.1$) ou left -our glasses at 'ome and -ou need to update an &ord

+oument. &'at >ill -ou do

A. As someone else to !p"ate the sprea"sheet.

3. ncrease the resol!tion so all the screen elements are larger.

$. ncrease the magniCcation *% selecting an appropriate (al!e #rom the

oom $omman".

@.1%) &'i' tas on t'e Rion use to la-out t'e page of adoument

A. Home >a*3. Page Da%o!t >a*$. Re(ie+ >a*

@.1") &'i' ta is t'e piture diagram s'o>s

A. Home >a*

3. nsert >a*

$. Page Da%o!t >a*

@.14) ou use nsert /a to put 'eader and footer in a doument.

A. >r!e

3. alse%7 | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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@.17) /o mae t'e te?t at t'e enterJ li =eft Alignment in t'e

Home /a.

A. >r!e

3. alse

@.19) ou annot sa;e -our doument eit'er in a pendri;e or in adisette.

A. >r!e

3. alse

@.1!) /o insert lipartJ -ou need to go to nsert /a t'en li Clip

Art.

A. >r!e 3. alse

@.2#) Beareful >'en -ou delete te?t from a doumentJ eause

after -ou deleted or 'oose CutJ t'e data is

gone and -ou annot get it a.A. >r!e3. alse

@.21) /'e onl- >a- to 'ange print margins

for doument is to enter t'e margins in t'e Page

Set p dialog o?.

A. >r!e3. alse

@.22) &'at utton is t'is piture s'o>A. ont Sie

3. $hange $ase$. Spelling an" rammar

@.2$) &'at utton is t'isA. $op%3. Paste$. ormat Painter



49/114


@uiG,6"

@uestion 1f -ou opened a doument from -ou folder and added a ne> paragrap' toitJ 'o> >ould -ou sa;e t'e 'anges t'at -ou made

A. Select VSa(e AsV an" select a ne+ #ol"er an" Cle name #or it.3. O!st clic the VSa(eV icon on the tool*ar or press $trl = S.$. O!st close the program. t +ill sa(e a!tomaticall%.-. An% o# the a*o(e +o!l" +or.

@uestion 2 OSa;e AsO funtion

A. 8hen %o! are sa(ing a "oc!ment #or the Crst time an" %o! nee" tochoose a #ol"er #or the "oc!ment an" create a Cle name #orit.

3. (er% time %o! +ant to sa(e something.$. nl% +hen +oring +ith a Microso#t 8or" "oc!ment.-. nl% +hen %o! +ant to *!rn the Cle onto a $-.

@uestion $f -ou aidentall- deleted some te?t from a doumentJ and -ou >ant itaJ -ou s'ould,

A. Select VRe"oV or press $trl =\.3. mme"iatel% close the "oc!ment an" reopen it.$. Restart the comp!ter.-. Select V?n"oV or press $trl = .

@uestion %

&'- do -ou t'in -ou s'ould log6oI of -our omputer >'en -ou

lea;e lass

A . \o! sho!l" not log4oF %o!r comp!ter +hen %o! lea(e class.

3. >o pre(ent it #rom getting a (ir!s.

$. # %o! "onQt log4oF, an%one can go on that comp!ter an" access

%o!r #ol"er an" Cles.

-. t helps to mae s!re that %o!r +or gets sa(e".

@uestion "

%! | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


50/114


/'e est >a- to mo;e some te?t to anot'er part an essa- >ould e

to,

A. -elete the teBt an" then re4t%pe it.

3. Highlight the teBt, an" then "rag it into place +ith the mo!se.

$. Highlight the teBt, an" press the !p or "o+n arro+s to mo(e it.

-. Highlight the teBt, right4clic, an" !se the V$!tV an" VPasteV #!nc

tions.

@uestion 4

&'- s'ould -ou a;oid do>nloading 8les using 8le6s'aring programs

lie =ime>ire or Frost>ire (used to do>nload musiJ ;ideosJ et.)

A. t is illegal to "o+nloa" m!sic !sing these programs "!e tocop%right la+s.

3. >hese Cles can contain a (ir!s +hich can harm %o! comp!ter.

$. \o! might ha(e to pa% mone% in "amages i# %o! are ca!ght.

-. All o# the a*o(e are tr!e.@uestion 7f -ou are doing resear' for an essa-J and -ou use some information froma >esite in -our essa-J -ou must,

A. -o nothing. \o! can !se this material in %o!r essa% #reel%.3. Dist the +e*site in a *i*liograph% at the en" o# %o!r essa%.$. >%pe the in#ormation in *ol" letters.-. >%pe the in#ormation in italic letters.

@uestion 9&'- is a >esite lie &iipedia ould e t'eB0S/ program to use A. Bcel

"# | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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3. Po+er Point$. 8or"-. Access@uestion 1#f -ou >anted to add an image from 5oogle to an essa- or a presentationJ'o> >ould -ou do t'is

A. \o! m!st "o+nloa" the image Crst.

3. Sa(e the image into %o!r #ol"er, an" then select Vnsert mageV on theessa% or presentation.

$. Right4clic the image, select V$op%,V then right4clic in %o!r essa% orpresentation an" select VPaste.V

-. 3oth ans+ers V3V an" V$V are correct.

Ans>er

@L6%

1. B 2. A $. C %. A ". A 4. A 7.C 9. C !. A 1#. A 11. A 12. C 1$.C 1%. B 1". A 14. A 17. B 19. B 1!.A 21. B 22. B 2$. C

@L6"

1. B 2. A $. + %. C ". + 4. + 7.

B 9. A !. B 1#. +

"1 | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


52/114


@L,64

1. &'i' of t'e follo>ing is a ;alid ;ersion of MS *e

A Ece TP 3 Ece ista

$ Ece 2007

- )one o# a*o(e

2. ou annot lose MS &ord appliation -

A $hoosing ile men! then Bit s!*men!

3 Press Alt=G $ $lic T *!tton on title *ar

- rom ile men! choose $lose s!*men!

$. /'e e- F12 opens a

A Sa(e As "ialog *oB

3 pen "ialog *oB

$ Sa(e "ialog *oB

- $lose "ialog *oB%. &'at is t'e s'ort ut e- to open t'e *pen dialog o?

A 12

3 Shi#t 12

$ Alt = 12 - $trl = 12

". A feature of MS &ord t'at sa;es t'e doument automatiall-

after ertain inter;al is a;ailale on A Sa(e ta* on ptions "ialog *oB

3 Sa(e As "ialog *oB

$ 3oth o# a*o(e

- Sa(e a!tomaticall% a#ter



53/114


4. &'ere an -ou 8nd t'e 'oriGontal split ar on MS &ord sreen

A n the le#t o# horiontal scroll *ar

3 n the right o# horiontal scroll *ar

$ n the top o# (ertical scroll *ar

- n the *ottom o# (ertical scroll *ar

7. &'i' of t'e follo>ing is not a;ailale on t'e Ruler of MS &ord

sreen

A >a* stop *oB

3 De#t n"ent

$ Right n"ent

- $enter n"ent

All o# them are a(aila*le on r!ler

9. &'at is plae to t'e left of 'oriGontal sroll ar

A >a* stop *!ttons

3 ie+ *!ttons

$ Split *!ttons

- n"icators )one o# a*o(e

!. &'i' 8le starts MS &ordA 8in+or".eBe

3 8or".eBe

$ Ms+or".eBe

- 8or"200'.eBe

1#. Ho> man- >a-s -ou an sa;e a doument

A ' 3 G

$ 5

- 6

"$ | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


54/114


11. f -ou >ant to eep tra of diIerent editions of a doument

>'i' features >ill -ou use

A "itions

3 ersions

$ >rac $hange

- All o# a*o(e

12. Baground olor or eIets applied on a doument is not ;isile

in

A 8e* la%o!t (ie+

3 Print Da%o!t (ie+

$ Rea"ing ie+

- Print Pre(ie+

1$. &'at is a portion of a doument in >'i' -ou set ertain page

formatting options

A Page

3 -oc!ment

$ Section

- Page Set!p 1%. Borders an e applied to

A $ells

3 Paragraph

$ >eBt

- All o# a*o(e

1". &'i' of t'e follo>ing is not a t-pe of page margin

A De#t

3 Right

$ $enter

- >op

14. &'at is t'e default left margin in &ord 2##7 doument

A 1V

"% | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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3 1.25V

$ 1.5V

- 2V

17. &'at is gutter margin

A Margin that is a""e" to the le#t margin +hen printing

3 Margin that is a""e" to right margin +hen printing

$ Margin that is a""e" to the *in"ing si"e o# page +hen printing

- Margin that is a""e" to the o!tsi"e o# the page +hen printing

19. Portrait and =andsape are

A Page rientation

3 Paper Sie

$ Page Da%o!t - All o# a*o(e

1!. f -ou need to 'ange t'e t-pefae of a doumentJ >'i' ta >ill -ou

'oose

A Home

3 nsert

$ Page Da%o!t

- ie+

2#. &'i' of t'e follo>ing is not a font st-le A 3ol"

3 talics

$ Reg!lar

- S!perscript

"" | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


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@L67

1. Pressing F9 e- for t'ree times selets

A A +or" 3 A sentence $ A paragraph - ntire "oc!ment

2. &'at 'appens if -ou press Ctrl 3 S'ift 3 F9

A t acti(ates eBten"e" selection

3 t acti(ates the rectang!lar selection $ t selects the paragraph on +hich the insertion line is.

- )one o# a*o(e

$. Ho> an -ou disale e?tended seletion mode

A Press I again to "isa*le

3 Press -el to "isa*le

$ Press sc to "isa*le

- Press nter to "isa*le

%. &'at does 0Q/ indiator on status ar of MS &ord indiate

A t in"icates +hether the eBternal teBt is paste" on "oc!ment or not

3 t in"icates +hether eBten"e" a""4ons are installe" on MS 8or" or not

$ t in"icates +hether Bten"e" Selection mo"e is t!rne" on or oF

- )one o# a*o(e

". &'at is t'e ma?imum numer of lines -ou an set for a drop ap

A '

3 10

$ 15

- 20

4. &'at is t'e default numer of lines to drop for drop ap

A '

3 10

$ 15

- 20

7. &'at is t'e s'ortut e- -ou an press to reate a op-rig't s-mol

A Alt=$trl=$



57/114


3 Alt = $

$ $trl = $

- $trl = Shi#t = $

9. Ho> man- olumns an -ou insert in a >ord doument in ma?imum

A '' 3 G'

$ 5' - 6'

!. &'at is t'e smallest and largest font siGe a;ailale in Font SiGe tool on

formatting toolar

A I an" 72

3 I an" 6G

$ 12 an" 72

- )one o# a*o(e

1#. &'at is t'e ma?imum font siGe -ou an appl- for an- 'arater

A 16'

3 16'I

$ 160'I

- )one o# a*o(e

11. &'i' of t'e follo>ing is grap'is solution for &ord Proessors

A $lipart 3 8or"Art

$ -rop $ap

- All o# a*o(e

12. /'e e-stroes Ctrl 3 is used to

A ncrease #ont sie

3 nserts a line *rea

$ n"icate the teBt sho!l" *e *ol" - Applies italic #ormat to selecte" teBt

1$. A 'arater t'at is raised and smaller ao;e t'e aseline is no>n as

A !tline"

3 Raise"



58/114


$ S!perscript - S!*script

1%. &'at is t'e purpose of inserting 'eader and footer in doument

A >o enhance the o(erall appearance o# the "oc!ment

3 >o mar the starting an" en"ing o# page $ >o mae large "oc!ment more rea"a*le

- >o allo+ page hea"ers an" #ooters appear on "oc!ment all pages

+hen

printe"

1". &'i' of t'e follo>ing funtion e- ati;ates t'e speller

A 5

3 7

$ 9

- Shi#t = 7

14. /'e minimum numer of ro>s and olumns in MS &ord doument is

A 1 an" 1

3 2 an" 1

$ 2 an" 2

- )one o# a*o(e

17. /'esaurus tool in MS &ord is used for A Spelling s!ggestions

3 rammar options

$ S%non%ms an" Anton%ms +or"s

- All o# a*o(e

19. &'- +rop Caps are used in doument

A >o "rop all the capital letters

3 >o a!tomaticall% *egin each paragraph +ith capital letter

$ >o *egin a paragraph +ith a large "roppe" initial capital letter - )one o# a*o(e

1!. A oomar is an item or loation in doument t'at -ou identif- as a

name for future referene. &'i' of t'e follo>ing tas is aomplis'ed -

using oomars



59/114


A >o a"" anchors in +e* page

3 >o mar the en"ing o# a paragraph o# "oc!ment

$ >o :!icl% L!mp to speciCc location in "oc!ment

- >o a"" h%perlins in +e*page

2#. A >ord proessor >ould most liel- e used to do

A Xeep an acco!nt o# mone% spent

3 -o a comp!ter search in me"ia center

$ Maintain an in(entor%

- >%pe a *iograph%

Ans>ers

@L64

14$, 24-, '4A, G4-, 54-, 64$, 74-, I43, 94A, 104A, 1143, 124-, 1'4$, 1G4-, 154$, 164A,

174$, 1I4A, 194A, 204-,

@L67

143, 243, '4$, G4$, 543, 64A, 74A, I43, 94A, 1043, 114A, 124-, 1'4$, 1G4-, 1543, 164A,

174$, 1I4$, 194$, 204-,

"! | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


60/114


@L69

1. &'at 'appens >'en -ou li on nsert Piture Clip Art

A t inserts a clipart pict!re into "oc!ment 3 t lets %o! choose clipart to insert into "oc!ment

$ t opens $lip Art tas*ar

- )one o# a*o(e

2. &'i' option is not a;ailale in nsert /ale Auto8t e'a;ior

A iBe" $ol!mn 8i"th

3 A!toit to $ontents

$ A!toCt to 8in"o+ - A!toCt to $ol!mn

$. /o auto8t t'e >idt' of olumn

A -o!*le clic the right *or"er o# col!mn

3 -o!*le clic the le#t *or"er o# col!mn

$ -o!*le clic the col!mn hea"er

- All o# a*o(e

%. From >'i' menu -ou an insert Header and Footer

A nsert Men!

3 ie+ Men!

$ Home Men!

- Page Da%o!t Men!". After t-ping 'eader te?tJ 'o> an -ou Duil- enter footer te?t

A Press Page-o+n e% an" t%pe the teBt #or #ooter

3 $lic on S+itch *et+een Hea"er ooter then t%pe the teBt

$ 3oth o# a*o(e

- )one o# a*o(e

4. &'en inserting Page numer in footer it appeared 1 ut -ou >is' to

s'o> a. Ho> an -ou do t'at



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A rom #ormat men! choose *!llets an" )!m*ering an" conCg!renecessar% setting

3 rom nsert men! choose Page )!m*er an" speci#% necessar% setting

$ $lic on Page )!m*er ormat tool an" speci#% re:!ire" setting

- All o# a*o(e7. &'i' of t'e follo>ing statement is false

A \o! can set "iFerent hea"er #ooter #or e(en an" o"" pages

3 \o! can set "iFerent page n!m*er #ormats #or "iFerent sections

$ \o! can set "iFerent hea"er #ooter #or Crst page o# a section

- \o! can set "iFerent hea"er an" #ooter #or last page o# a section

9. &'ere an -ou 'ange t'e ;ertial alignment

A ormatting tool*ar

3 Paragraph "ialog *oB $ Page Set!p "ialog *oB

- Stan"ar" tool*ar

!. /o get to t'e S-molT dialog o?J li on t'e menu and 'oose

S-molT.

A nsert

3 Page Da%o!t

$ ie+

- >a*le

1#. &'i' of t'e follo>ing s-mol sets >ould e most liel- to ontain a

mat'ematial s-mol su' as a degree signJ greater t'an or eDual toJ or a

5ree letter

A 8ing"ings

3 8ing"ings '

$ 8e*"ings

- S%m*ol

11. &'en assigning a s'ortut e- to a s-molJ -ou s'ould al>a-s tr- to

selet a e- or e- omination t'at is, A !nassigne"

3 Docate" on the ten4e% pa" section o# %o!r e%*oar".

$ Assigne" to another tas.

- rom the same #ont #amil% as the s%m*ol.



62/114


12. Suppose -ou >anted to reate an AutoCorret entr- t'at >ould t-pe

t'e >ords &e regret to inform -ou t'at -our sumission 'as een

delinedT *f t'e follo>ing 'oiesJ >'i' >ould e t'e est name -ou

ould assign to t'is entr-

A Regret

3 S!*"!al$ 8e regret to in#orm %o! that %o!r s!*mission has *een "ecline"

- 11

1$. f -ou >ant to on;ert a s-mol or se;eral lines of te?t into anAutoCorret entr-J -ou s'ould,

A nsert the s%m*ol or t%pe the teBt in a 8or" "oc!ment Crst. >hen,select

the teBt or s%m*ol an" go to the A!to$orrect "ialog *oB.

3 $lic the >ools men! an" choose A!to$orrect ptions. >hen, clic

thensert men! an" choose S%m*ol or clic the ormat men! an"choose Paragraph to a"" the s%m*ol or paragraph to A!to $orrect.

$ A!to$orrect can onl% accommo"ate one line o# teBt. t is not possi*le tocon(ert a s%m*ol or m!ltiple lines o# teBt into an

A!to$orrect entr%.

- nsert the s%m*ol or t%pe the teBt in a 8or" "oc!ment Crst. >hen,select

the teBt or s%m*ol an" clic the "it men! #ollo+e" *% PasteSpecial.

Select )e+ A!to$orrect ntr% an" then clic X.

1%. AutoCorret >as originall- designed to replae >ords as -out-pe.

A Short, repetiti(e 3 rammaticall% incorrect $ Misspelle" - )one o# the a*o(e

1". &'i' of t'e follo>ing is t'e seond step in reating a maro

A Start recor"ing

3 ?sing %o!r mo!se or e%*oar", per#orm the tas %o! +ant to a!tomate $ Assign a e%*oar" shortc!t to the macro - i(e the macro a name16. # %o! +ill *e "ispla%ing or printing

14. -our doument on anot'er omputerJ -ouTll >ant to mae sure and

selet t'e option under t'e Sa;eT ta.



63/114


A m*e" onts 3 m*e" >r!e >%pe onts $ Sa(e >r!e >%pe onts - Sa(e onts

17. n &ordJ t'e mailing list is no>n as t'e .

A -ata sheet 3 So!rce $ -ata so!rce

- Sheet 19. &'i' of t'e follo>ing is not one of t'e t'ree Mail Merge HelperT

steps

A Merge the t+o Cles 3 $reate the main "oc!ment $ Set the mailing list parameters - $reate the "ata so!rce1!. &'i' of t'e follo>ing utton >ill allo> -ou to addJ deleteJ or 'ange

reords in -our +ata Soure

A W-ata So!rceK *!tton 3 W"itK *!tton $ W"it Recipient DistK *!tton

- W-ata e"itingK *!tton

2#. t is possile to a data soure efore performing a merge.

A $reate 3 Mo"i#% $ Sort - all o# the a*o(e

Ans+ers 14$, 24-, '4A, G4A, 543, 64$, 74-, I4$, 94A, 104-, 114A,1243, 1'4A, 1G4$, 154$, 1643, 174$, 1I4$, 194$, 204-,



64/114


@L, 6!

1. &'at is t'e default font siGe of a ne> &ord doument ased on

itle case - )one o# a*o(e4. &'at is t'e s'ort ut e- to open Font dialog o?

A $trl =

3 Alt = $trl = $ $trl = - - $trl = Shi#t = -

4% | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


65/114


7. Ho> an -ou aess t'e font siGe tool on formatting toolar

A $trl = S

3 $trl = Shi#t = S $ $trl = P

- $trl = Shi#t = P 9. Ho> an -ou mae t'e seleted 'arater supersripted

A $trl = <

3 $trl = Shi#t = < $ Alt = $trl = Shi#t = < - )one o# a*o(e

!. &'at does Ctrl 3 e- eIet

A S!perscript 3 S!*script $ All $aps - Sha"o+

1#. &'at 'appens if -ou mar on Hidden 'e o? of Font dialog o?

after -ou selet some te?t

A >he teBt is "elete" #rom "oc!ment an" %o! nee" to *ring #rom Rec%cle3in i# re:!ire" again. 3 >he teBt is hi""en an" %o! nee" to *ring it *% remo(ing the chec *oBi# nee"e" again

$ >he teBt is "elete" an" cannot *e ret!rne" *ac - >he teBt is hi""en an" cannot *e ret!rne" *ac 11. Ho> an -ou inrease t'e font siGe of seleted te?t - one point e;er-

time

A 3% pressing $trl = 3 3% pressing $trl = b $ 3% pressing $trl = - 3% pressing $trl = d

12. &'i' of t'e follo>ing line spaing is in;alid

A Single 3 -o!*le $ >riple - M!ltiple



66/114


1$. Ho> an -ou appl- e?atl- t'e same formatting -ou did to anot'er

te?t

A $op% the teBt an" paste in ne+ location. >hen t%pe the ne+ teBt again.

3 $op% the teBt an" clic on Paste Special tool on ne+ place

$ Select the teBt then clic on ormat Painter an" select the ne+ teBt - All o# a*o(e 1%. &'at s'ould -ou do if -ou reDuire pasting t'e same format in man-

plaes

A $lic the ormat painter an" go on pasting in man% places hol"ing AltXe% 3 -o!*le clic the #ormat painter then go on pasting in man% places $ $lic the #ormat painter then go on pasting to man% places hol"ing $trl

Xe% - All o# a*o(e

1". *n >'i' toolar an -ou 8nd Format Painter tool

A $lip*oar"

3 ormatting tool*ar $ -ra+ing >ool*ar - Pict!re >ool*ar

14. &'i' indent marer ontrols all t'e lines e?ept 8rst line A irst Dine n"ent Marer 3 De#t n"ent Marer

$ Hanging n"ent Marer - Right n"ent Marer 17. Ho> an -ou remo;e ta stop marers from ruler

A -o!*le clic the ta* marer an" choose $lear All 3 -rag the ta* stop marer o!t o# the r!ler $ Right clic the ta* stop marer an" choose remo(e

- All o# a*o(e 19. &'i' operation -ou >ill perform if -ou need to mo;e a lo of te?t

A $op% an" Paste 3 $!t an" Paste $ Paste an" -elete - Paste an" $!t 1!. &'at is t'e e?tension of &ord 8les44 | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


67/114


A D

3 -> $ -$T - >T> 2#. &'i' of t'e follo>ing option is not a;ailale in nsert llustrations

A $hart 3 8or" Art $ $lip Art - Shapes

Ans>ers 16BJ 26AJ $6AJ %6CJ "6+J 46CJ 76+J 96BJ !6BJ 1#6BJ 116AJ 126CJ 1$6CJ 1%6BJ 1"6

AJ 146BJ 176BJ 196BJ 1!6CJ 2#6B



68/114


@L, 61#1. /o insert a drop ap in one of t'e paragrap' -ou s'ould aess

A Home

3 nsert

$ Page Da%o!t

- )one o# a*o(e 2. Ho> man- diIerent positions an -ou set for drop ap

A 1

3 2

$ G

- 6

$. &'at is t'e ma?imum numer of lines -ou an set for lines to drop o?

A '

3 5

$ 10 - 15

%. &'i' of t'e follo>ing an a*s

3 >a*le nsert >a*le

$ nsert >eBt*oB

- ormat $ol!mns

". &'i' of t'e follo>ing is used to reate ne>spaper st-le olumns

A ormat >a*s

3 >a*le nsert >a*le

$ nsert >eBt*oB

- ormat $ol!mns

4. Columns dialog o? an e opened from

A Home men! $ol!mns s!*men!

3 Page Da%o!t4$ol!mns

$ Press Alt = = $

- 3 $7. ou an :ump to t'e ne?t olumn -

A $licing +ith %o!r mo!se on the neBt col!mn

3 Press Alt = -o+n4arro+ $ 3oth o# a*o(e

- )one o# A*o(e

9. Ho> an -ou rea t'e urrent olumn and start a ne> olumnimmediatel-

A Press $trl = Shi#t = nter

3 Press Alt = nter49 | P a g e ! n " a m e n t a l s o #$ o m p ! t e r


69/114


$ Press $trl = nter

- Press Alt = Shi#t = nter

!. &'at is t'e smallest >idt' of a olumn

A 0V

3 0.5V

$ 1V

- 1.5V

1#. f t'e numer of olumns is seleted 1 and t'e line et>een 'e o?is maredJ >'ere is t'e line dra>n

A in the le#t margin

3 in the right margin

$ *oth in le#t an" right margin

- )one o# A*o(e

11. /'e ot'er ColU are inati;e >'en -ouT;e selet $ olumns. Ho> >ill

-ou ati;ate t'ose o?es A "o!*le clic on spacing *oB

3 "o!*le clic on inacti(e $olZ

$ Remo(e mar #rom Dine *et+een chec*oB

- Remo(e mar #rom :!al $ol!mn 8i"th chec *oB

12. Ho>mu' spae in minimum must e pro;ided et>een olumns

A 0V

3 0.5V

$ 1V

- 1.5V1$. /o open Columns dialog o? Duil-

A -o!*le clic on the le#t margin area o# r!ler

3 -o!*le clic the space *et+een area on r!ler

$ -o!*le clic the right margin in r!ler

- All o# a*o(e

1%. &'i' of t'e follo>ing ommand is a;ailale in ie> menu

A A!to teBt

3 A!tocorrect

$ A!to s!mmarie

- Macro1". /o mo;e t'e ursor page to page of doument

A $trl=Pg-n

3 $trl=Pg?p

$ 3oth o# a*o(e

- )one o# a*o(e



70/114


14. /e?t oundar- an e displa-ed or 'idden from

A A!to teBt option #rom nsert men!

3 3or"er #rom Home Men!

$ $!stomie #rom >ools men!

- All o# a*o(e

17. &'i' of t'e follo>ing are >ord proessing soft>are

A 8or"Per#ect

3 as% 8or"

$ MS 8or"

- All o# a*o(e

19. MS *e pro;ides 'elp in man- >a-sJ >'i' of t'ese is one of t'em

A 8hat is this]

3 Ece Assistant

$ Help men!

- All o# the a*o(e

1!. ou >is'ed to :ustif- te?t o;er t'e 'eig't of paperJ >'i' option >ill-ou 'oose

A Page Set!p #rom Page Da%o!t men!

3 Paragraph #rom ormat men!

$ rom #ormatting tool*ar

- ont #rom ormat men!

2#. &'i' of t'e follo>ing is not of t'e merge proess

A Sort the "ata so!rce recor"s 3 ormat a main "oc!ment

$ "it a "ata so!rce

- Merge the t+o Cles to print or create a ne+ "oc!ment

Ans>ers

16BJ 26BJ $6CJ %6+J "6+J 46+J 76CJ 96AJ !6BJ 1#6+J 116+J 126AJ1$6BJ 1%6+J 1"6CJ 146BJ 176+J 196+J 1!6AJ 2#6AJ



71/114


@L, 6111. /'ere an e man- >a-s to insert page numer in a doument. &'i' of t'e follo>ing lets -ou insert page numer

A Page n!m*er #rom nsert men!

3 Page Set!p #rom Cle men! $ ootnote #rom nsert men!

- 3oth a c

2. &'i' is not a Mailing omponent

A Pict!res 3 n(elopes $ A""ress 3loc

- R!les $. &'i' of t'e follo>ing is not t'e part of standard oe suite

A 8or" Processor 3 -ata*ase $ mage "itor - ile manager%. &'ere an -ou 8nd t'e +ra> /ale tool utton

A Home 3 nsert $ Page Da%o!t - ie+ ". &'i' of t'e follo>ing option in *e utton is used to lose a MS&ord doument

A J!it 3 $lose $ Bit - )e+

4. ou need to :ump to t'e ne?t olumn reaing urrent olumn rig't att'e ursor position. Ho> an -ou rea olumn

A Pressing $trl=nter

3 3rea comman" #rom Page Da%o!t $ 3rea comman" #rom nsert men! - 3oth * an" c7. SupersriptJ susriptJ outlineJ emossJ engra;e are no>n as

A #ont st%les



72/114


3 #ont eFects $ +or" art

- teBt eFects 9. S'immerJ Sparle te?tJ Blining Baground et. are no>n as

A #ont st%les 3 #ont eFects $ +or" art - teBt eFects !. /'e feature of &ord t'at automatiall- ad:usts t'e amount of spaeet>een ertain omination of 'araters so t'at an entire >ord loosmore e;enl- spaed. &'at is t'at feature alled

A Spacing3 Scaling

$ Xerning - Posi

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