Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.
-
Upload
abel-richards -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.
![Page 1: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems
ME 1065L. Schaefer
![Page 2: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Proton Exchange Membrane
Cathode: ½O2 + 2 e- + 2 H+ => H2O
Anode: H2 => 2 H+ + 2 e-
Overall: H2 + 1/2 O2 => H2O
![Page 3: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Problems with PEMs/PEFCs
Hydrogen Tank Rupture
![Page 4: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Direct Methanol
Cathode: 3/2 O2 + 6e- + 6H+ => 3 H2O
Anode: CH3OH + H2O => 6H+ + CO2 + 6e-
Overall: CH3OH + 3/2 O2 => 2 H2O
![Page 5: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DMFCs, cont.
![Page 6: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Alkaline
Cathode: 1/2 O2 + H2O + 2e- => 2 OH-
Anode: H2 + 2(OH)- => 2H2O + 2 e-
Overall: H2 + 1/2 O2 => H2O
![Page 7: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
AFCs, cont.
![Page 8: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Phosphoric Acid
Cathode: ½ O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- => H2O
Anode: H2 => 2H+ + 2e-
Overall: H2 + 1/2 O2 => H2O
![Page 9: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Molten Carbonate
Cathode: 1/2 O2 + CO2 + 2 e- => (CO3)=
Anode: H2 + (CO3)= => H2O + CO2 + 2 e-
Overall: H2 + 1/2 O2 + CO2 => H2O + CO2
![Page 10: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
MCFCs, cont.
![Page 11: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Solid Oxide
Cathode: 1/2 O2 + 2 e- => O=
Anode: H2 + O= => H2O + 2 e-
Overall: H2 + 1/2 O2 => H2O
![Page 12: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SOFCs, cont.
![Page 13: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Basic Summary of Four Types
![Page 14: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fuel Cell Summary
![Page 15: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fuel Cell Governing Equations Heat/Mass Transfer Electrochemical Electrical Network
![Page 16: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Governing Equations Heat and Mass Transfer Model
Continuity, Momentum, Energy, Concentration
0)()()(
zw
yv
xu
zu
xw
zxv
yu
yzw
yv
xu
xxp
zwu
yvu
xuu
32
34)()()(
qz
Tk
zy
Tk
yx
Tk
xz
wCpT
y
vCpT
x
uCpT
)()()(
)()()(
)()()()()()(
,,, z
YD
zy
YD
yx
YD
xz
wY
y
vY
x
uY jmj
jmj
jmj
jjj
![Page 17: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Governing Equations Heat and Mass Transfer Model, cont.
Continuity, Momentum, Energy, Concentration
0r
)vr(
r
1
x
)u(
)(1
)()(1
)()(1)(
x
vr
rrx
u
xr
ur
rrx
u
xx
p
r
vur
rx
uu
qr
Tr
rrx
T
xr
CpvTr
rx
CpuT
)(1
)()(1)(
)r
YDr(
rr
1)
x
YD(
xr
)vYr(
r
1
x
)uY( jm,j
jm,j
jj
![Page 18: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ValuesForm of Water Product
Temp (°C) Gibbs Free Energy of Formation (kJ/mol)
Max EMF (V)
Efficiency Limit (%)
Liquid 25 -237.2 1.23 0.83
Liquid 80 -228.2 1.18 0.80
Gas 100 -225.3 1.17 0.79
Gas 200 -220.4 1.14 0.77
Gas 400 -210.3 1.09 0.74
Gas 600 -199.6 1.04 0.70
Gas 800 -188.6 0.98 0.66
Gas 1000 -177.4 0.92 0.62
![Page 19: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Performance Curves
![Page 20: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fuel Cell Buses
![Page 21: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
SOFC Fuel
Turbine Unit
Recuperator
DC
AC
Power Conditioning
AC
Air
Combustor
Air
Exhaust
Exhaust
SOFC SOFC Fuel
Recuperator
DC
AC
Power Conditioning
AC
Air
Combustor
Air
Exhaust
Hybrid Power
![Page 22: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cogeneration and Cascading Energy Systems
PV
SOFC
Turbine
Chiller
Boiler
Electricity
ChilledWater
Hot Water
![Page 23: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Unexpected Places!
![Page 24: Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Systems ME 1065 L. Schaefer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8da9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Figure for Example Problem