Fisiologi Hati Dan Pankreas-digest13
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Transcript of Fisiologi Hati Dan Pankreas-digest13
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Liver, Gallblader & Pancreas
physiology
dr. Mustofa, M.Sc
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Liver
Largest internal organ
Receives major blood supply from hepaticportal vein
Brings venous blood rich in nutrients from digestivetract
Hepatocytes
Livers cells
Capable of regeneration
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Liver
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Liver
Functions
1. Metabolic regulation
1. Carbohydrate metabolism
2. Lipid metabolism
3. Amino acid metabolism
4. removal of waste products
5.
Vitamin storage6. Mineral storage
7. Drug inactivation
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Liver
Functions
2. Hematological regulation
1. Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
2. synthesis of plasma proteins
3. removal of circulating hormones
4. removal of antibodies
5.
removal or storage of toxins6. synthesis and secretion of bile
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Liver
Functions
3. Circulatory regulation
4. Growth regulation
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Gallbladder
Attached to surface of the liver
Bile pouch that stores bile
Ducts Hepatic Duct
Cystic Duct
Common Bile Duct
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Gallbladder
Function: Bile storage
Bile modification
Bicarbonate secretion
Bile compasition
Water
Bilirubin
Ion
Cholesterol
Bile salt
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Bile Secretion
Necessary for digestion and absorption oflipidsin small intestine
Mixture of bile salts, bile pigments, andcholesterol
Bile salts emulsify lipids to prepare them fordigestion
Solubilize products of lipid digestion in packetscalled micelles
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Bile Secretion and Recycling
1. Produced and secreted by liver
2. Stored in gallbladder
3. Ejected into small intestine when gallbladder contracts
4. After lipids absorbed, bile salts are recirculated to livervia enterohepatic circulation Absorption of bile salts from ileum into portal circulation
Delivery back to liver5. Extraction of bile salts from the portal blood by
hepatocytes
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Bile Secretion and Recycling
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Pancreas
Exocrine and Endocrine Gland
1. ExocrineAcinar Cells
Secretes essential digestive enzymes throughpancreatic duct into duodenum
2. EndocrineIslets of Langerhans
Secretes insulin and glucagon into blood stream
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Pancreas
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Pancreas
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Pancreatic Secretion
Exocrine pancreas secretes ~1 L/day into duodenum Fluid consists of HCO3
-and enzymes HCO3
-neutralizes H+delivered to duodenum from stomach Enzymatic portiondigests carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids into
absorbable molecules
Structure of Pancreatic Exocrine Glands Comprises ~90% of pancreas
Rest of pancreatic tissue is endocrine pancreas and blood vessels
Acinar Cells Line blind end of branching duct system Secrete enzymatic portion
Ductal Cells Line the ducts Secrete aqueous HCO3
-component
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HCO3-Secretion
Apical membrane of ductal cells contains a Cl--HCO3-
exchanger
Basolateral membrane contains Na+-K+ATPase and a
Na+
-H+
exchanger1. CO2and H2O combine in cells to form H+ and
HCO3-
2. HCO3-is secreted into pancreatic juice by Cl--HCO3
-
exchanger3. H+is transported into blood by Na+-H+exchanger
Absorption of H+causes acidification of pancreatic venous blood
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Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion
Acinar cells (enzymatic secretion) Receptors for CCK and muscarinic receptors for ACh
CCKis most important stimulant I cells secrete CCK in presence of amino acids and fatty acids in
intestinal lumen
AChalso stimulates enzyme secretion
Ductal cells (aqueous secretion of HCO3-)
Receptors for CCK, ACh, and secretin
Secretin(from S cells of duodenum) is major stimulant Secreted in response to H+in intestine
Effects of secretin are potentiated by both CCK and ACh
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