AD—A07 966 NAVAl. RESEARCH LAO WASHINGTON DC F/S 20/7REPCRT OF CYCLOTRON FACILIT Y OPERATIONS OCTOBER 1. 1978 THROUS$—ETC(U)SEP 79 R 0 BO CELID Pt4S—NCI—I Y—C O—4 000—000

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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART

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Report of Cyclotron Facility OperationsOctober 1, 1978 through June 30, t~1~

U Roizos 0. BOND!UD

Cyclotron Applications BranchRadiation Technology D~~iO., D D C

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&SePtember 28, 1979

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NAVAL USEAICH LAICIATOSYw--~ s.-. D.C.

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SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (1Th.n 0.1. £nI.v.d)

b~~~~(IØ? W,I r~JfA? If~U DAf’ READ INSTRUCTIONS“~~f ’JI ’I U~#I~VIR&•fl I ~~ I ~~~~ BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

• . REPORT NUMSER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENTS CATA L OG NuMSER

NRL Memorandum Report 40905. TYPE OF REPORT S ~ IRIOO COVERED

C) JEPORT OF4Y CLOTHON ~ ACILITY .b~ERATIONS Intenm report on a continuingOCTOBER 1, 1978 THROUGH JUNE 3$, 1979 •

NRL Droblein.0 ~~. pERFoRMu~G ORG. REPORT NUMSER

I. AU THOR(i) _______

. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMSER(.

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AREA S WORN UNIT NUMSERS

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61153N.12~~~~~~~~~ jj-‘I ~f~ / ~/ ) / (Continues)

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ .12. . .f.e..T ~~~TI

Department of the Navy (~~~ ,~ ~ -

— 79JOffice of Naval Research 1T~~~ UMSER OF PAGESWashington, DC 20375 14

24. MONIT ORING AGENCY NAME S AOORESWIdIIf .,.nt 1r ConirolIIng OWc.) II. SECURITY CLASS. (.1 hi. ,.p.II)

UNCLASSIFIED5.. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

IS. OIStR I SUflO N STATEMENT (of lbS. RIp.rI)

4pproved for public release; distribution unlimited.

27 . 01ST RI SIJTION St ATE ME~yi(ol e1~~~ EinAII .ni .,.d Th uiac. ~v. A IrffoTsrn f r . 1 ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ —~————--.- -

IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

IS. EEY WORDS (C.ntSIIv. an r,~~r•• .dd. I f n c...ay ~~4 SdsnlIiy by block n. .b..J

Neutron fields Radiolsotopes DosimetryNeutron spectrum Shielding Fast neutronsWeapons effects Proportional counters Radiation effectsReactor materials \~ Linear energy transfer Positive ion beams

(Continues)• 20. A SSTRAC T (COIIIffl II. ~~I .~ I?SS .ilIIl ~ IS .,.c....1p .,d lds.IISSV by bS•ck iu tbit)

This Is the seventh in a s4ies of quarterly reports summarizing the use of the Naval ResearchLaboratory Cyclotron Facili Du~pg the n m , mQnth per~ot.~~d1ne June 30. 197~ 30 197 e cyclotronwas used In support of eight research programs for a total 1325 hours of beam on target. Theseresearch programs are summarized in this report together with the details of beam time usage andfacility engineering, No major operational problems ken been encountered this year.

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10. Program a.msnt, Project, Task Area & Work Unit Numbers (Continued)

NRL Problem HOO.01 S

HO1-571101.791101-831101-94Hil OlH11071111.08

19. Key Words (Continued)

Neutron beamsNuclear reactorNeutron productionNoo.miIltazy applicationCancer treatment

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CONTENTS

— I. INTRODUCTION 1

II. BEAM TIME RECORDS 1- III • ENGINEERING AND MAINTENANCE 2

IV. SUMMARY OF FACILITY USE 2

V. ACCOUNTING 5

VI. CONCLUSION 5

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I. Introduction

The Naval Research Lab oratory Cyclotron Facility began operations as acost center on October 1, 1977 and completed the first year of such V

a operation on September 30, 1978. For fiscal year 1979 an estimate wasmade of the projected cost of operating the cyclotron facility andthe number of hours users would require the cyclotron beam. These

V estimates are $273 ,200 and 2024 hours respectively, leading to a charge V

of $135 per hour. This report is the seventh in the current series ofquarterly reports covering operation of the MEL Cyclotron Facility as acost center from October 1, 1978 through June 30, 1979.

V LI. Beam Time Records

A. The Daily Record

Beam time charge accounting is accomplished using a simple method ofcoding inf ormation. At the. end of each week the information is re-corded in card images and stored on the disc file of the Systems 32/55f data acquisition computer located in the Cyclotron Facility for laterrecall and summarization. Figure 1 in the first report of this series isa sample of a beam time code sheet. The method of using this form wasalso described in the first report.

B. Computer Readout

Taoles 1 through 4 show the collated data from the beam time card images.

Table 1 shows the beam time use by program and month. Outage is listedas a point of interest. This table is submitted to the NRL budget branch

• at the end of each month. Proper charges can then be recorded againstthe using program and credited to the cyclotron cost center. V

Table 2 shows the summary by program and particle. The lowest andhighest energies for that particle used are also shown.

Table 3 shows tne beam time summaries in various ways. Firstly, byprogram, secondly, by month and thirdly, by particle. Clearly, the tableshows that the greatest user has been the MANTA program.

V Table 4 is an overall summary of beam time which lists primarily the V

reasons for unscheduled outages. From this table we see tne majorproblem source continues to be the power supplies of tne cyclotron.iowever, the R. F. system of the cyclotron has developed problems

V

. which has caused some significant down time. Outage number 8, “Experi-menters Equipment,” is included in total beam-on t ime, but it is notincluded as cyclotron down t ime. The item, “Total Hours Availaole toDate,” is the numoer of hours from 0000 flours October 1. through 2400Note: Manuscript submItted August 7, 1979

1

• ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ •~~V~ ~V~~~5_ •• - - ---.--a- - - . a

~~~~~~~~~~•~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ _ - _____— -~~~

________________________________ - -

hours June 30. The MEL cyclotron schedule had originally been plannedfor operating two 8—hour shifts per day for six days per week, holidaysand scheduled engineering periods excluded. The utilization factor isthe total scheduled time divided by this planned schedule.

III. Engineering and Maintenance

A. Cyclotron

A remotely operable particle detector positioner was installed at theterminal end of Beam—Line lC. The device has an adjustable, reversiblespeed drive. It allows precision horizontal positioning of detectors instraight—line motion along the ion—beam—line axis in two directions, withnegligible wobble, within a range of 10 cm to 150 cm from the targetbeing irradiated. Initial alignment is done using a laser beam. Read-outs and controls are located in the data acquisition room at thephysicists’ work station.

An updated phase sensing and control circuit to electronically stabi-lize the cyclotron’s magnetic field has been bread boarded and testedusing three NIH bins for amplification and detection. Work is continu-ing on debugging and improving the prototype. The pending acquisitionof a fast detector to pick up the capacitive, beam—probe signal willeliminate the need for the NIM bins.

For the type of operation conducted in the cyclotron facility, it isessential that equipment be shut down and overhauled in t~~e shortestpossible time. To permit continuous operation of the cyclotron whileconcurrently doing maintenance, the transistor banks (an average of 10banks each having 29 power transistors) were bypassed by shorting acrossthe common emitter and collector busses and disconnecting the transistor

• drive signal. A small, regulated dc Kepco power supply was substituted• for the transistor banks to drive the SCR’s, thus controlling the output

current. To provide remote control of the supply from the CyclotronControl Room, a circuit, using a Zener diode for protection, was designedand installed between the small power supply and the SCR firing circuit.Although some slow drift of a few dc amps occurred (3500 amps is averageoperating current), it can be operator—corrected without noticeableion—beam degradation.

LV. Summary of Facility Use

A. MANTA

Six patients were in various stages of treatment during this reporting V

period. See the previous reports in this series for a further dis-cussion of the neutron therapy program. The National Cancer Instituteterminated the HANTA program effective June 30, 1979.

2

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A’ • MANTA Dosimetry

Clinical research continued on whole—body dosimetry for open and wedgedfields. These measurements are taken in a Rando-anthropomorphic phantom

• • and in tissue—equivalent liquid phantoms by means of diodes, ion chain—bers, foil activation and thermoluminescent dosimeters. These four V

types of doaimeters are used in an attempt to separate whole—body dose V

int o fast—neutron, thermal—neutron and gamma components.

During this period two runs were made on a collaborative experimentwith Dr. Richard Miller of Columbia University to compare the relative V

biological effectiveness of neutrons with i—rays for the inductionof onocogenic cell transformations.

Two one-week runs were made in continuat ion of an experiment involvingmouse tumor systems performed in collaboration with Professor HermanSuit of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University. Eachrun is a set of five-fraction treatments, one per day for five days.The object is to compare tumor response and normal tissue reactionsfor neutron treatment, x—ray treatment, and x—ray treatment in conjunc—tion with hypoxic sensitizers or hypobaric oxygen.

B. Advanced Microdosimetry

As indicated under the Neutron Spectrometer Section of this report ,the recently discovered light—ion flux associated with collimated neu-tron beams can inf luence the results obtained in the advanced micro—dosimetry program. Accordingly, some time was spent studying the light—ion flux under this work unit.

At the end of this reporting period the stainless—steel Rossi counterand some associated equipment were received, and preparatory work hasbegun for using this novel instrument.

Progress has been made during this reporting period in developing Systemscomputer software and hardware for acquiring and analyzing the Rossi—counter data. The implementation of the needed live—time correctionfeature on the Systems computer awaits final check out.

C. Radiation Interactions

Dynamic 16K random access memories (RAMs) have been irradiated withneutrons having mean energies of 6.5, 9 and 14 MeV and with 32 11eV V

protons and have been found to undergo single-event upset. For both

particles, one upset is expected for approximately 108 particles/cm2.

The upsets are statistical and the affected cells can be reset and V

continue normal operation. Both HIGH and LOW storage elements areupset , though at different rates. The cause of the upsets is most

3 - -

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probably a multi—MeV alpha particle created by (n, alpha), (p, alpha)or similar nuclear reactions. The alpha particle discharges eitherthe storage capacitor, the floating bit line, or the reference capacitorused by the sense amplifier.

A total of 15 dynamic RAMs from five vendors were irradiated, namely , V

Intel C2ll7— 2, Motorola MCM4116L2O, Texas Instrument TMS41I6—200L,Hitachi UM4716A—3 and NEC PD4L6D. All were tested at a cyclotron meanneutron energy of 14 MeV. Selected ones were also irradiated at cyclo-tron neutron energies of 9 MeV and 6.5 MeV or d—t neutrons of l4—MeVenergy. Two chips were irradiated with 32—11eV protons. In each caseboth the ‘0’ and ‘1’ memory states were tested.

The numbers given for upset levels are the mean fluence for a singleupset in one 16K RAM. A moderate size computer memory of 64K bytesrequires 32 of the 16K RAMs . The mean fluence for one upset in the

memory then drops from say 2 x b 8 n/ cm2 to 6 x 106n/ cm2. If a 90Zconfidence of no upset is required , the acceptable neutron fluence

drops to 6 x l0~ n/ cm2. These levels for upset are many orders ofmagnitude below the thresholds for commonly tested neutron damage.

D. Neutron Damage

A set of commercial LED devices previously selected by Deep Level Tran-sient Spectroscopy (DLTS) to have similar pre—irradiation characteristicshave been irradiated by a 14—MeV neutron beam. These devices are beinganalyzed by DLTS to see the effects of the neutron beam.

E. Neutron Spectrometer

During this reporting period measurements were made that shoved there isa significant energetic, light—ion flux produced by collimated neutronbeams in air. Work is continuing on quantifying this light—ion flux

since it can have a significant impact on work done in this program aswell as otheis. A good deal of effort will be required to adequatelyparameterize this light-ion flux. Our results on this light— ion fluxare to be presented at the APS Meeting to be held in Knoxville, Tennes—see in October 1979.

F. Neutron Spectra

• Some data were acquired for the (n, charged particle) spectrum producedby the neutron beam in air. A strong peak due to deuterons passing

V through feed—throughs in the Beryllium target assembly was identified• and eliminated with shielding. A remotely controlled assembly for

locating the detector at distances of 10 cm to 110 cm from the target

4

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V was installed. This assembly enables the identif ication of f luxes fromthe Al end plate of the target assembly to be followed in air and

• - separated from the flux produced in air.

The Systems Computer software support systems were changed to RTM 7.0and TSS 3.0. These systems have a number of valuable enhancements.The data transmission rate to the terminals was increased during thisinstallation. The data acquisition system was modified to run with thenew support system.

F. Heavy Ion Acceleration

A few computer runs, using the program DIAL, have been made for the• heavy ions ~

4N4+ and ~4NS+. For calculations under the present run-

ning conditions (trim coils 1. and 3 — 0, and no harmonic coils), the• 9145 field errors are quite large, though they decrease with increasing

( ion energy. Possibly the isochronous f ield for a 100.5 MeV I4N5+ beamcould be obtained under present conditons. With optimum running con-ditions (maximum of all trim coils — 800 amps and harmonic coils working)there should be no trouble in obtaining the isochronous fields neededfor the heavy—ion beams.

V. Accounting

Estimates made at the beginning of the fiscal year were for a total beamtime of 2024 hours in support of the various programs. The total budgetrequired to support this beam time is estimated to be $273,200. On astraight line extrapolation this would lead to 1518 hours of beam timeand a budget of $204,900 f or the nine month period ending June 30. Theactual beam time use during this period was 1325 hours which represents acost transfer of $178,900. The job order status report through 30 Juneshoved total costs of $199,300. At this time the cost center is running V

about $20,000 dollars behind income. Although the MANTA program isno longer active and providing income to the cost center, other programshave increased in activity and it is expected that cyclotron use willnot drop significantly. Current cost projections indicate that thetotal budget will be less than that estimated at the beginning of theyear by 15 to 20 k$.

Table 5 shows a list of purchases required for Cyclotron Facilityoperation. The table is self explanatory.

VI. Conclusion

The NEL Cyclotron Facility continues to operate effectively as a costcenter. Costs will come close to matching income and the use of thefacility will not be far from that which was predicted at the start oftne fiscal year.

3

_ _ - V

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Report Assembled by R. Bondelid

Contributors: R. AliasL. AugustC. DavissonG. Miller =E. Petersen

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Beam time summary by program and month

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