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ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 2 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PART B Basic Chemistry Slide 2 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Biochemistry: Essentials for Life Organic compounds Contain ________ Most are covalently bonded Example: C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose) __________ compounds Lack carbon Tend to be simpler compounds Example: H 2 O (water) Slide 3 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Important Inorganic Compounds Water Most abundant inorganic compounds Vital properties ______________________ Slide 4 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Important Inorganic Compounds Salts Easily dissociate into ions in the presence of water Include ____________ which conduct electrical currents Slide 5 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Important Inorganic Compounds Acids Can release detectable _________/__________ ions Bases Proton __________ Slide 6 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings pH Measures relative concentration of hydrogen ions pH 7 = ________ pH below 7 = ________ pH above 7 = ______ _________: chemicals that can regulate pH change Figure 2.11 Slide 7 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Important Organic Compounds ______________ Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Include _______ and ___________ Classified according to size ____________ simple sugars Disaccharides two simple sugars joined by _____________ synthesis Polysaccharides long branching chains of linked simple sugars Slide 8 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carbohydrates DISACCHARIDES ANIMATION Figure 2.12ab PRESS TO PLAY Slide 9 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carbohydrates POLYSACCHARIDES ANIMATION Figure 2.12c PRESS TO PLAY Slide 10 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Important Organic Compounds _________ Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Carbon and hydrogen outnumber oxygen Insoluble in water LIPIDS ANIMATION PRESS TO PLAY Slide 11 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lipids Common lipids in the human body _______________ Found in fat deposits Composed of fatty acids and glycerol Source of stored energy Slide 12 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lipids Common lipids in the human body (continued) _______________ Form cell membranes _______________ Include cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D, and some hormones Slide 13 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lipids Figure 2.14ab Slide 14 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cholesterol The basis for all steroids made in the body Figure 2.14c Slide 15 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Important Organic Compounds ____________ Made of ________ _______ Contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur Slide 16 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Proteins Account for over half of the bodys organic matter Provides for construction materials for body tissues Plays a vital role in cell function Act as _________, __________, and ___________ CHEMISTRY OF LIFE PROTEINS: ENZYME ANIMATION PRESS TO PLAY Slide 17 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Enzymes Act as biological _________ _________ the rate of chemical reactions Figure 2.17 Slide 18 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Important Organic Compounds ______________ Provide blueprint of life Nucleotide bases A = __________ G = __________ C = __________ T = __________ U = __________ Make DNA and RNA Slide 19 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nucleic Acids Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Organized by complimentary bases to form double helix Replicates before cell division Provides instruction for every protein in the body Figure 2.18c Slide 20 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Important Organic Compounds _______________________ (______) Chemical energy used by all cells Energy is released by breaking high energy ____________ bond Produce in _____________ Slide 21 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Figure 2.19a Slide 22 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings How ATP Drives Cellular Work Figure 2.20