ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 3 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin...

ELAINE N. MARIEB

EIGHTH EDITION

3

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University

ESSENTIALSOF HUMANANATOMY

& PHYSIOLOGY

PART BCells and Tissues


Adapted to fit our curriculum


Introduction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1orQkyLp

JvQ&feature=fvwrel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1orQkyLpJvQ&feature=fvwrel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1orQkyLpJvQ&feature=fvwrel


Cellular Physiology: Membrane Transport Membrane Transport – movement of

substance into and out of the cell

Transport is by two basic methods

Passive transport No energy is required

Active transport The cell must provide metabolic energy


Solutions and Transport Solution – homogeneous mixture of two or

more components

Solvent – dissolving medium

Solutes – components in smaller quantities within a solution

Intracellular fluid – nucleoplasm and cytosol

Interstitial fluid – fluid on the exterior of the cell


Selective Permeability The plasma membrane allows some materials

to pass while excluding others

This permeability includes movement into and out of the cell


Passive Transport Processes Diffusion

Particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution

Movement is from high concentration to low concentration, or down a concentration gradient

DIFFUSION ANIMATIONFigure 3.9

PRESS TO PLAY


Diffusion animation

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html


Passive Transport Processes Types of diffusion

Simple diffusion Unassisted process

Solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores


Passive Transport Processes Types of diffusion

Osmosis – simple diffusion of water Highly polar water easily crosses the plasma

membrane

Facilitated diffusion Substances require a protein carrier for

passive transport


Osmosis and Tonicity Animation

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html


Cellular Tonicity and Osmotic Pressure Solute concentrations of the cellular

environment are very important

Osmotic pressure: tendency of a solution to pull water into it

Directly related to concentration of solutes in solution (the higher the solute concentration, the greater the osmotic pressure and the stronger the tendency of water to move into the solution)


Tonicity See Poster


Diffusion through the Plasma Membrane

Figure 3.10


Facilitated Diffusion Animation http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/

0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_facilitated_diffusion_works.html


Passive Transport Processes Filtration

Water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure

A pressure gradient must exist Solute-containing fluid is pushed from a

high pressure area to a lower pressure area


Active Transport Processes Transport substances that are unable to pass by

diffusion They may be too large They may not be able to dissolve in the fat core of

the membrane They may have to move against a concentration

gradient Energy is required

Two common forms of active transport Solute pumping Bulk transport


Active Transport Processes Solute pumping

Amino acids, some sugars and ions are transported by solute pumps

ATP energizes protein carriers, and in most cases, moves substances against concentration gradients

ACTIVE TRANSPORT ANIMATIONPRESS

TO PLAY


Sodium Potassium Pump Animation http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/

0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_sodium_potassium_pump_works.html


Active Transport Processes Bulk transport

Exocytosis Moves materials out of the cell

Material is carried in a membranous vesicle

Vesicle migrates to plasma membrane

Vesicle combines with plasma membrane

Material is emptied to the outside


Exocytosis

Figure 3.12a


Active Transport Processes Bulk transport

Endocytosis Extracellular substances are engulfed by

being enclosed in a membranous vescicle

Types of endocytosis Phagocytosis – cell eating

Pinocytosis – cell drinking


Exocytosis and Endocytosis http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/

pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120068/bio02.swf::Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis

ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 3 Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin...

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