drilling.xls

Kingdom drilling services Ltd.www.kingdomdrilling.co.uk

IADC : Dull Bit Grading

Cutting structure

Inner Outer Dull Char LocationBearings seals Gauge Other dull char Reason pulled

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 - 4 - Location2 - Roller cone Fixed cutter

Steel toothed bits Measure of lost tooth height due to abrasion and / or damage

0 - No loss of tooth height

8 - Total loss of tooth

Insert bits 5 - Bearings and seals0 - No lost worn and / or broken inserts Non sealed bearings Sealed bearings8 - 0% of inserts and / or cutting structure remaining. A linear scale estimating bearing life is used

Fixed cutter bits Measure of lost tooth height due to abrasion and / or damage 0 = No life used ---> 8, 100% bearing life used

0 - No lost, worn and / or broken cutting structure 6 - Gauge

8 - 100% of cutting structure lost, worn and / or broken

3 - Dull characteristicsNote: use only cutting structure related codes etc.

7 - Other dull characteristics

8 - Reasons bit was pulled or run completed

Example of bit grading : 2, 4, BT, M, E, X, (CT,WO), DTF.

Inner cutting structure (All inner rows.)

Outer cutting structure ( Gauge rows only.)

In columns 1 and 2 a linear scale of 0 ---> 8 is used to describe the condition of the cutting structure according to the following guidelines for specific bit types. N- Nose row G - Gauge row C - Cone S - Shoulder

M - Middle row A - All Rows N - Nose G - GuageState cone # or #'s I.e. 1, 2, or 3. T - Taper A - All areas

Measures total cutting structure reduction of lost, worn, & or broken inserts

E - Seals effective F - Seals failed

N - Not able to grade X - Fixed cutter bit

x - in gauge 1/16 - 1/16" out of gauge 1/8 - 1/8" ut of gauge 3/16-3/16" out of gauge

1/4 - 1/14" out of gauge 5/16 - 5/16" out of gauge 3/8 -3/8" out of gauge 7/16 - 7/16" out of gauge

1/2 - 1/2" out of gauge 9/16 - 9/16" out of gauge 5/8 - 5/8" out of gauge

BC - Broken cone * LN - Lost nozzle

BF - Bond failure LT - Lost teeth and cutters Refer to column 3 codes

BT - Broken teeth and cutters OC - Off centre wear

BU - Balled up bit PB - Pinched bit BHA- Change bottom hole assembly HR - Hours on bit

CC - Cracked cone * PN- Plugged nozzle or flow by areas DMF - Downhole motor failure LOG - Run logs

CD - Cone dragged * RG - Rounded gauge DTF - Downhole tool failure PP - Pump pressure

CI - Cone interference RO - Ring out DSF - Drill string failure PR - Penetration rate

CR - Cored SD - Shirttail damage DST - Drill stem test Rig - Rig repairCT - Chipped Teeth & cutters SS - Shelf sharpening wear DP - Drill Plug TD - Total depth / casing depth

ER - Erosion TR - Cone tracking CM - Condition mud TW - Twist offFC - Flat crested wear WO - Wash out CP - Core point TQ - Torque

HC - Heat checking WT - Worn teeth or cutters FM - Formation change WC - Weather conditions

LD - Junk damage NO - No dull characteristics HP - Hole problems

LC - Lost cone * * Show cone # or #'s under location 4 LIH - Left in hole

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IADC classification : Rock bits

Series Formation types 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Milled tooth bits.

3 8

1 Soft formations 1. Very soft shale

Low compressive strengths 2. Soft shales

3. Medium soft shale / lime

4. Medium lime shale

2 Medium - Medium hard formation1. & 2. Medium lime / shale

High compressive strengths 3. Medium hard lime/sand/slate.

3 Hard 1. Hard lime

Semi-abrasive formations. 2. Hard lime/dolomite

3. Hard dolomite

TCI/Insert bits.4 Soft formations 1. Very soft shale

Low compressive strengths 2. Soft shales.

3. Medium soft shale / lime

4. Medium lime shale.

5 Soft - medium hard formations 1. Very soft shale / sand.

Low compressive strengths 2. Soft shale / sand.

3. Medium soft shale / lime.

6 Medium - hard formations 1. Medium lime / shale.

High compressive strengths 2. Medium hard lime / sand.

3. Medium hard lime/sand/slate

7 Hard semi - abrasive 1. Hard lime / dolomite.

and abrasive formations 2. Hard sand /dolomite.

3. Hard dolomite.

8 Extremely hard & abrasive 1. Hard chert.

& abrasive 2. Very hard chert.

3. Hard granite.

Standard roller bearing

Roller bearing air cooled

Sealed roller bearing

Sealed bearing, gauge

protected

Friction bearing

Sealed friction bearing, gauge

protection

Kingdom drilling services Ltd www.kingdomdrilling.co.uk

IADC classification : PDC bitsA B C D

Bit body Formation type Cutting structure Bit profile.

"M" Matrix 1 Very soft 2 PDC, 19mm 1 Short fishtail

"S" Steel 3 PDC, 13mm 2 Short profile

"D" Diamond 4 PDC, 8mm 3 Medium profile

2 Soft 2 PDC, 19mm 4 Long profile

Example 3 PDC, 13mm

M Matrix 4 PDC, 8mm

4 Medium 3 Soft to medium 2 PDC, 19mm

3 PDC 13mm 3 PDC, 13mm

4 Long profile 4 PDC, 8mm

4 Medium 2 PDC, 19mm

3 PDC, 13mm

4 PDC, 8mm

5 no code

6 Medium hard 1 Natural diamond

2 TSP

3 Combination

7 Hard 1 Natural diamond

2 TSP

3 Combination

8 Extremely hard 1 Natural diamond

4 Impregnated diamond


ManufacturerFeature and 4th Character Security / DBS Hughes Reed Smith

A A A A

B Special bearing bit Standard ** ATM*

C Centre jet J4 C* JC C

D Deviation control D* A1

E Extended jets (full length) E T* JX E

G Extra gauge / body protection G*, M*, D, SS* M*, D, G JK G, L, D, OD

H Horizontal / Steering Application Hx*, SS*, MM* M* M*

J Jet deflection JD JD BH*

L Lug pads L P* JL L

M Motor application SS*, MM*, M* MAX* M* M*

S Standard steel tooth model TC* A1

T Two cone 2* D D

w Enhanced cutting structure D

X Predominantly chisel toothed inserts - A

Y Predominantly conical inserts CF

Z Other shaped inserts C*

* Prefix, usually precedes bit number, others are suffices.** Special HDS seal available as standard feature.

The 4th Character IADC code.

Air application (journal bearing with air nozzles)

A1

Peter Aird: In 1987, the International association of drilling contractors, (IADC) initiated the use of a 4 character IADC system for roller cone bits. In 1992 the system was expanded to include more features. The system involves the combination of the traditional three numeral system with a fourth Alpha character. The fourth character clearly defines, additional features for roller cone bits regarding: cutting structures, bearings, seals, hydraulics and specific applications.

Kingdom rilling Services Ltd.www.kingdomdrilling.com

Total flow area (TFA) of Standard nozzles (ins2)

Number of nozzles

Nozzle size 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

7/32 0.038 0.075 0.113 0.150 0.188 0.225 0.263 0.301 0.338

3/8 0.110 0.221 0.331 0.442 0.552 0.663 0.773 0.884 0.994

9/32 0.062 0.124 0.186 0.249 0.311 0.373 0.435 0.497 0.559

5/16 0.077 0.153 0.230 0.307 0.383 0.460 0.537 0.614 0.690

11/32 0.093 0.186 0.278 0.371 0.464 0.557 0.650 0.742 0.835

3/8 0.110 0.221 0.331 0.442 0.552 0.663 0.773 0.884 0.994

13/32 0.130 0.259 0.389 0.518 0.648 0.778 0.907 1.037 1.167

7/16 0.150 0.301 0.451 0.601 0.752 0.902 1.052 1.203 1.353

15/32 0.173 0.345 0.518 0.690 0.863 1.035 1.208 1.381 1.553

1/2 0.196 0.393 0.589 0.785 0.982 1.178 1.374 1.571 1.767

17/32 0.222 0.443 0.665 0.887 1.108 1.330 1.552 1.773 1.995

9/16 0.249 0.497 0.746 0.994 1.243 1.491 1.740 1.988 2.237

19/32 0.277 0.554 0.831 1.108 1.384 1.661 1.938 2.215 2.492

5/8 0.307 0.614 0.920 1.227 1.534 1.841 2.148 2.454 2.761

21/32 0.338 0.676 1.015 1.353 1.691 2.029 2.368 2.706 3.044

11/16 0.371 0.742 1.114 1.485 1.856 2.227 2.599 2.970 3.341

23/32 0.406 0.811 1.217 1.623 2.029 2.434 2.840 3.246 3.652

3/4 0.442 0.884 1.325 1.767 2.209 2.651 3.093 3.534 3.976

Bit calculations

Kingdom drilling Services Ltd.www.kingdomdrilling.co.uk

Insert values to view blue results. Bit cost (£) £ 23,000 Mud weight (ppg) 11 ppg Rig cost (£/hr) £ 4,000.00 Flow rate (gpm) 950 GPM

Trip time (hrs) 18.0 hrs 0.81 sq in In hole time (hrs) 200.0 hrs Hole size (inches) 12.25 ins

Footage drilled (ft 3560 ft Hole area 118 sq in

Cost per foot 251.4 £/ft Bit pressure drop 1129 psi

Bit Hydraulic horse power 626 hp

Jet velocity 375 ft/sec

Hydraulic horse power per square inch 5.3 HSI

Rules of thumbWater based muds: aim for 4-8 HSI, jet velocities 350-550ft/secOil based muds: 3-6 HSI, jet velocities 250-450ft/sec>17 1/2" holes : minimum jet velocities must be attained<17 1/2" hole : 35-50% HHP @ bit. (consider formations to be drilled.)<12 1/4" hole more HSI, up to 65% at bit. (dependant upon formations to be drilled.)12 1/4" directional hole 800gpm min, 1100gpm max8 1/2" directional hole 450 - 650gpm.

Total flow area (in2)

Kingdomdrilling services Ltdwww.kingdomdrilling.co.uk

Drill off test

Weight on bit optimisation Rotary optimisation

RPM

50 Klbs 60 secs 0.6 ft 36 ft/hr 140 RPM 120 secs 30 ft/hr






Bit weight (Klbs)

Time to drilloff 10K (seconds)

Footage drilled (ft)

Rate of penetration

(ft/hr)

Time to drill 1ft (seconds)

Rate of penetration

(ft/hr)

100 RPM 120 RPM 140 RPM25 ft/hr

30 ft/hr

35 ft/hr

40 ft/hr

30 ft/hr

33 ft/hr

36 ft/hr

33 ft/hr

31 ft/hr

29 ft/hr

Drill off test (RPM)

RPM

Rat

e o

f p

enet

rati

on

30 Klbs 40 Klbs 50 Klbs60 secs

70 secs

80 secs

90 secs

60 secs

68 secs

73 secs

75 secs

82 secs

62 secs

Drill off test (WOB)

Weight on bit

Rat

e o

f p

enet

rati

on

A1

1.) Maintain a constant RPM . Select WOB near the maximum allowable. 2.) Record the time to drill of a weight increment i.e. 5000lbs. 3.) Record footage drilled during the drill off period in 2. 4.) From 2 and 3 calculate the Drilling rate ( feet or metres per hour ) 5.) Repeat steps 2 and 3 at progressively lower weights. The last test however should be at the same weight at step 1.This determines if the formation has changed or not. 6.) Plot a graph of seconds to drill against weight on bit. 7.) Plot penetration rate against bit weight. 8.) Select the bit weight that resulted in the fastest drilling rate. At constant weight, repeat steps 2 and 3 for varying Rpm's 9.) Plot Drilling rate versus RPM and select the RPM that provided the fastest drilling rate. 10.) The optimum values found for weight and RPM will result in the fastest drilling rate for the particular formation being drilled and bit type used.

A3

Review time taken for 5K weight to drill off on weight indicator for various WOB's (Constant RPM). Establish best WOB

F3

Using best WOB then vary rotary speeds and observe time taken to drill a pre-determine distance e.g. 1ft. Establish best RPM

Kingdom drilling services Ltdwww.kingdomdrilling.co.uk

Bit API Reg. Pin Make up *ft/lbs

O. D. (in) Pin connection, size&type Torque (ftlbs)

3-3/4 - 4-1/2 2 3/8 reg 3500 ftlbs

4-5/8 - 5 2 7/8 reg 7000 ftlbs

5-1/8 - 7-3/8 3 1/2 reg 9000 ftlbs

7-5/8 - 9 4 1/2 reg 16000 ftlbs

9-1/2 - 14-1/2 6 5/8 reg 32000 ftlbs

Over 14-1/2 7 5/8 reg 40000 ftlbs

API Roller cone bit tolerances..

Bit size : Nominal ( in inches )

5 5/8" - 13 3/4" + 1 / 32" minus 0

14" - 17 1/2 " + 1 / 16" minus 0

17 5/8" and larger + 3 / 32 " minus 0

API Diamond Bit Tolerances - PDC, Natural Diamond, TSP

Nominal Bit Size O.D. (ins) O.D. Tolerance (inches)

6-3/4 and Smaller +0, - 0.015

6-25/32 to 9, Incl. +0, - 0.020

9-1/32 to 13-3/4, Incl. +0, - 0.030

13-25/32 to 17-1/2, Incl. +0, - 0.045

Recommended drilling parameters, PDC bits.

Bit size(inches) Flow rate (GPM)

5 7/8 100 - 140 15 - 40 160 - 2606 100 - 140 15 - 40 160 - 280

6 ½ 100 - 140 15 - 40 220 - 3506 ¾ 100 - 140 15 - 40 250 - 3507 7/8 80 - 120 15 - 40 300 - 4008 ½ 80 - 120 15 - 40 300 - 5008 ¾ 80 - 120 15 - 40 350 - 5509 7/8 60 - 120 15 - 40 400 - 650

10 5/8 60 - 120 15 - 40 600 - 80012 ¼ 60 - 100 15 - 40 650 - 950

Recommended flow rates for diamond bits.

Bit size(inches) Type Stone Size Exp. Flow rate (GPM)

6" MD34 2 n/a 180

MD31 3 n/a 180

MD33 4 n/a 180

8 ½" MD34 1 0.05 380

MD31 4-Mar 0.04 380

MD33 6 0.03 380

MD70 ½ carat 0.45 (appr) 380

12 ¼" MD34 1 0.5 700

MD31 2 0.045 700

MD33 4-Feb 0.045 700

MD 197 1 carat 0.06 500 - 700

Rotary (RPM)

Weight on bit (Klbs)


Bit record / hydraulics details. Rig : Field : Spud Date & time : Mud Pump : Oilwell 12-P-160 RT to Seabed = 379.0 feet.

Well No : TD date and time : Liner size : 5 1/2" Total (In hole) Hrs = 106Well type : Days spent on well to TD : Pressure rating : 4500 psi. Total rotating Hrs = 70

Bit details Bit hydraulics Depth Feet Total Rot ROP Parameters (Average) Mud details IADC Bit Grade Comments

No Size Mfgr Type Ser No Jets 32'nds TFA HSI ft/sec Out made Hrs Hrs feet WOB RPM TQ GPM PSI Type Wt Vis PV YP I O D L B G O R

1 rr3 26.00 REED Y11 JE2828 20 20 20 20 1.2 0.7 312 638 259 12.5 5.5 47 6 60/90 4/12 1200 800 SW 8.6 ~ ~ ~ 1 1 NO A E I NO TD

2 26.00 REED Y12 JE2828 20 20 20 20 1.2 0.8 286 638 0 2 0.5 0 5/15 60/90 4/6 1100 800 SW 8.6 ~ ~ ~ 1 1 NO A E I NO TD Drill cement.

3 rr2 17.50 Smith MSHOD CER4749 20 20 18 18 1.1 1.7 294 2550 1912 20 12.6 152 5/15 130 2/6 1020 2000 SW 8.6 ~ ~ ~ 1 1 No A E I NO TD

4 12.25 DBS QP19M 5940299 7 x 13 0.9 4.3 306 5761 3211 29 16.9 190 25/55 50/110 2/6 871 3650 WBM 11.8 46 27 23 3 2 LT CN X I FM

5 12.25 Reed 5940299 18 18 18 0 0.7 6.4 374 6148 387 16 14.3 27 35/50 120 2/6 871 3650 WBM 11.8 46 27 26 2 7 LT G12###1/16" BT PR Limestone/Chert, (90% in some samples )

6 12.25 BBits BB657 BB404413 2x 12 4x 14 0.8 5.1 336 7070 922 23 19.0 49 15/35 140/170 4/18 860 3600 WBM 11.8 46 28 24 1 1 No A X I No TD

7 8.50 Bbits BB657 405424RR 6 x 12 0.7 3.7 242 7085 15 3 1.0 15 7580 170 2/6 500 3900 OBM 13.5 70 40 20 Add 4.5hrs drilling cmt plugs etc.

6 x cutters on 36" hole opener, reamed hole due to angle.

Riserless, tertiary, reaming hole due to angle.

BT WT

Last 2.5 hrs on bit <100 ft/hr formation transition.

EHP 51HDL

Tertiary Limestone ( TOR, HOD etc. & Claystone.)

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