Introduction to Six Sigma

Six sigma Introduction

All Rights Reserved TreQna 2005

expectatio ns

Awareness with respect to origin and history of Six Sigma. The utility and benefits Introduction to Six Sigma as methodology The Six Sigma organization


contentsSix Sigma Intro BPMS DMAIC 15 min


Two Meanings of Sigma

The term sigma is used to designate the distribution or spread about the mean (average) of any process or procedure. For a process, the sigma capability (z-value) is a metric that indicates how well that process is performing. The higher the sigma capability, the better. Sigma capability measures the capability of the process to produce defect-free outputs. A defect is anything that results in customer dissatisfaction.


Origin of Six Sigma Motorola

the company that invented Six Sigma The term Six Sigma was coined by Bill Smith, an engineer with Motorola Late 1970s - Motorola started experimenting with problem solving through statistical analysis 1987 - Motorola officially launched its Six Sigma program


The Growth of Six Sigma GE

the company that perfected Six Sigma Jack Welch launched Six Sigma at GE in Jan,1996 1998/99 - Green Belt exam certification became the criteria for management promotions 2002/03 - Green Belt certification became the criteria for promotion to management roles


The Growth of Six Sigma

The GE model for process improvements

Define

Measure Analyze Improve Control

Combination of change management & statistical analysis


The Growth of Six Sigma


Business Process Management System

BPMS


The Need of BPMS To understand the process; its mission, flow and scope To know the customers and their expectations To identify, monitor and improve correct performance measures for the process


The MethodologyMap process steps, identify input/ output measuresDefine Process Mission Map Process

MSA, DCP, indicators and monitors

Service excellence and process excellenceDevelop Dashboards Identify Improvement Opportunities

VOC and VOP

Build PMS

Define purpose of the process, its goal and its boundaries

Identify Critical to Quality and Critical to process

Visual representatio n of performance

The DMAIC cycle


Six Sigma Improvement Methodology

DMAIC


What is DMAIC ? A logical and structured approach to problem solving and process improvement An iterative process (continuous improvement) A quality tool with focus on change management

Effectiveness

E

=

Quality Acceptance Improvement

Q

x

A


The ApproachPractical Problem

Statistical Problem

Statistical Solution

Practical Solution


MethodologyD Define M Measure A Analyze I Improve C Control All Rights Reserved TreQna 2005

Identify and state the practical problem

Validate the practical problem by collecting data

Convert the practical problem to a statistical one, define statistical goal and identify potential statistical solution Confirm and test the statistical solution

Convert the statistical solution to a practical solution

DefineD Define M Measure A Analyze I Improve C Control All Rights Reserved TreQna 2005

VoC - Who wants the project and why ?

The scope of project / improvement

Key team members / resources for the project

Critical milestones and stakeholder review

Budget allocation

D

MeasureD Define M Measure A Analyze I Improve C Control All Rights Reserved TreQna 2005

Ensure measurement system reliability- Is tool used to measure the output variable flawed ? - Do all operators interpret the tool reading in the same way ?

Prepare data collection planHow many data points do you need to collect ? How many days do you need to collect data for ? What is the sampling strategy ? Who will collect data and how will data get stored ? What could the potential drivers of variation be ?

Collect data

M

AnalyzeD Define M Measure A Analyze I Improve C Control All Rights Reserved TreQna 2005

Understand statistical problem

Baseline current process capability

Define statistical improvement goal

Identify drivers of variation (significant factors)

A

Analyze Identify Drivers of VariationRoot Cause Analysis (fish bone) A brainstorming tool that helps define and display major causes, sub causes and root causes that influence a process Visualize the potential relationship between causes which may be creating problems or defects Primary Cause Secondary Cause

Backbon e

Proble mRoot Cause

A


Analyze Identify Drivers of VariationControl Impact Matrix A visual tool that helps in separating the vital few from the trivial many

ControlVital Few

Impact

High Control High Impact

Cost IneffectiveLow Control High Impact

Cost IneffectiveHigh Control Low Impact

Trivial Many

Low Control Low Impact

A


Analyze Identify Drivers of VariationPareto Chart Pareto principle states that disproportionately large percentage of defects are caused due to relatively fewer factors (generally, 80% defects are caused by 20% factors)35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 L K A F B C G R D 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%

Frequency All Rights Reserved TreQna 2005

Cumulative Frequency

A

Analyze Identify Drivers of VariationProcess Map Analysis Visually highlights hand off points / working relationships between people, processes and organizations Helps identify rework loops and non value add stepsCustomer Process A Process B Vendor

A All Rights Reserved TreQna 2005

Analyze Identify Drivers of VariationHypothesis Testing A statistical tool used to validate if two samples are different or whether a sample belongs to a given population Null Hypothesis (Ho) is the statement of the status quo Alternate Hypothesis (Ha) is the statement of difference Homogeneity of Variance One way ANOVA Moods Median

Chi-Square

Regression

A


ImproveD Define M Measure A Analyze I Improve C Control All Rights Reserved TreQna 2005

Map improved process

Pilot solution

Identify operating tolerance on significant factors

I

ControlD Define M Measure A Analyze I Improve C Control All Rights Reserved TreQna 2005

Ensure measurement system reliability for significant factors- Is tool used to measure the input / process variables flawed ? - Do all operators interpret the tool reading in the same way ?

Improved process capability

Sustenance Plan- Statistical Process Control - Mistake Proofing - Control Plan

C

Control Sustenance PlanControl Plan Have the new operating procedures and standards been documented ? What Statistical Process Control (SPC) tools will be used to monitor the process performance ? Who will review the performance of the output variable and significant factors on closure of the project and how frequently ? What is the corrective action or reaction plan if any of the factors were to be out of control ?

C


Six Sigma Organization


Six Sigma - Three DimensionsCustomer Process A Process B Vendor

Define

Measur e

Analyze

Improve

Control

Driven by custom er needsLSL US L

Process Map Analysis

Led by Senior Mgmt

Methodology

Organization

Tools

Upper/Lower specification limits

Regression35 30 25 20 15 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% L K A F B C G R D

Enabled by quality team.

Process variation

10 5 0

Frequency

Cumulative Frequency

Pareto Chart


The Quality TeamMaster Black Belt

- Thought Leadership - Expert on Six Sigma - Mentor Green and Black Belts

Black Belt

- Backbone of Six Sigma Org Black Belt - Full time resource - Deployed to complex or high risk projectsGreen Belt Green Belt

Green Belt

- Part time or full time resource - Deployed to less complex projects in areas of functional expertise


Thank You


Introduction to Six Sigma

Documents

full time

analyze identify

statistical

statistical

problem solving

practical

practical

operators

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