Cells

CELLS- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CELLS

COMPARING

modeling relating

Make up/comprise

Cell structure and function

Viruses, bacteria, plant and animal cells

Cell structure

Organelle function & cell function

Organisms in a variety of ways

History of living cells on earth:

What is a cell???A cell is the structural and functional unit of all living things

Some organisms are unicellular (bacteria, protists)

Some organisms are multicellular (plants, animals, fungi)

Amount of cells in the human body= 100,000,000,000,000 (100 trillion!)

Scientist Involved in Cell TheoryHooke-coined the word “cell”von Leeuwenhoek- lens grinder; made

microscopes;discovered microscopic organisms in pond

water (animacules)Schleiden-botanist (all plants made of

cells)Schwann-zoologist (all animals made of

cells)Virchow-all cells produce more cells

Microscopes Used to View CellsCompound light

microscope- magnifies UP TO 1500 X

Electron Microscopes- magnify up to 1,000,000 X

Cork

Images differ Greatly

2-D image of RBCs in blood vessel (Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Image of RBCs from Compound Light Microscope (40x)

3-D image of RBCs (Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Lung Cancer SEM image

Deer Tick SEM image

Streptococcus

Bacillus

Types of CellsPROKARYOTESNo nucleus, no

membrane bound organelles

Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

EUKARYOTESNucleus, membrane-

bound organellesProtists, fungi,

plants, animals Humans have 200

types of cells (60 BILLION)

Features Common to Bothcell membrane-

semi-permeableRibosomes-sites

for protein makingDNACytoplasm

Organelles Cell membrane, nucleus, nucleolusCytoplasm, Ribosomes, Golgi apparatusEndoplasmic Reticulum, LysosomemitochondriaPlastids- (CHLOROPLASTS & LEUCOPLASTS)

PLANTS ONLYCell wall- PLANTS (cellulose), FUNGI (chitin), &

SOME PROTISTS ONLYCENTRIOLES-ANIMALS ONLYCilia=hair-like structures; Flagella = tail-like

structures

: COMMON TO EUKARYOTES

A cell’s structure is directly related to its function

1. Nerve cells have long, thin projections that enable them to communicate with other nerve cells.2.  Respiratory tract lining cells have cilia, which have the job of trapping viruses and bacteria.3.  Intestinal lining cells have projections called microvilli, which enable them to absorb the most nutrients possible

FOR EXAMPLE:

4. Fallopian tube lining cells: have cilia that beat, moving fluid and causing egg cell to move through tube toward uterus

5. SpermatozoaSperm cells have

a long, thin flagellum, that enables them to move through the mucus and fluid of the female reproductive tract

6. Sickle Cell Anemia: genetic disorder, mutation causes red blood cells to have a different shape- can’t do their job efficiently!

VIRUSES CAN BE UP TO 10x SMALLER THAN BACTERIA

Leprosy- caused by the mycobacterium leprae

SMALL POX

1. Take in nutrients2. Export wastes3. Take in gases (oxygen or carbon dioxide)4. Release gases (oxygen or carbon dioxide)5. Convert nutrients into energy6. Hundreds of specialized jobs that keep you alive!

WHAT DO CELLS DO?

Proposed 200 years AFTER Hooke coined the term cell

All living things made of cellsCells are the basic unit of structure

and function in living thingsAll cells come from other cells

CELL THEORY