Topic 1: Cells-structure, function, membranes, different types.

Topic 1: Cells-structure, function, membranes,

different types

Topic 2: Photosynthesis

Topic 3: Respiration

Topic 4: cell division-mitosis and meiosis

Topic 5: Molecular genetics – transcription,

translation, DNA structure

& replication, genetics

Topic 6: Evolution & classification - natural selection, speciation,

classification

$100

Double Jeopardy!

$100 $100 $100 $100 $100

$200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200

$300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300

$400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400

$500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500

CellsPhotosyn

thesisRespiration Cell

division-mitosis

and meiosis

Evolution and

Classification

Plant Systems

Cells

$100

This bond is formed when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one

electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative

atom

Cells

Back

What is a hydrogen bond?

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$200

In a prokaryotic cell, the DNA is concentrated in this region that is not separated from the rest of

the region by a membrane

Cells

Back $200

What is a nucleoid?

Cells

$300

Amoebas and many other protists eat by engulfing smaller organisms or other food particles in this process

Cells

Back $300

What is phagocytosis?

Cells

$400

The chloroplast is a specialized member of closely related plant organelles called…

Cells

Back $400

What are plastids?

Cells

$500

Cells

The tissue in the interior of the leaf

Back $500

What is the mesophyll?

Cells

$100

“self-feeders” that sustain themselves by producing

their organic materials from CO2 and other inorganic raw materials obtained from the

environment

Photosynthesis

Back $100

What are autotrophs?

Photosynthesis

$200

A type of photosynthetic cells that is arranged into

tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf

Photosynthesis

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What are bundle-sheath cells?

Photsynthesis

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What colors on the spectrum are most effective in driving

photsynthesis?

Photsynthesis

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What are violet-blue and red?

Photsynthesis

$400

Plants that preface the Calvin cycle with an

alternative mode of carbon fixation that forms a four-carbon compound as its

first product

Photsynthesis

Back $400

What are C4 plants?

Photosynthesis

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The process that requires cooperation

of the two photosystems

Photosynthesis

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What is reduction of NADP+?

Photosynthesis

$100

The enzyme that makes ATP from ADP and inorganic

phosphate in the intermembrane of the

mitochondrion

Respiration

Back $100

What is ATP synthase?

Respiration

$200

The catabolic process that is a partial

degradation of sugars that occurs without the

use of oxygen

Respiration

Back $200

What is fermentation?

Respiration

$300

The transfer of one or more electrons in chemical reactions from one reactant to another

Respiration

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What are redox reactions?

Respiration

$400

This occurs in the cytosol and begins the

degradation process by breaking glucose into two

molecules of pyruvate

Respiration

Back $400

What is glycolysis?

Respiration

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The enzyme that catalyzes step 3 of

glycolysis

Respiration

Back $500

Phosphofructokinase

Respiration

$100

The result of mitotic cell division

Cell division

Back $100

What are genetically identical daughter

cells?

Cell division

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The products of meiosis

Cell division

Back $200

What are gametes?

Cell division

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The meiosis phase in which chromosomes replicate during the S

phase but remain uncondensed

Cell division

Back $300

What is interphase?

Cell division

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The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their

original site

Cell division

Back $400

What is metastasis?

Cell division

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The longest stage of mitosis

Cell division

Back $500

What is metaphase?

Cell division

$100

The process by which humans have modified other species over many generations by

selecting and breeding individuals that possessed

desired traits

Evolution/Classification

Back $100

What is artificial selection?

Evolution

$200

Structures of marginal, if any, importance to

the organism


Back $200

What are vestigial organs?


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The theorem that states that the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population’s gene pool remain

constant from generation to generation, provided that only

Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work


Back $300

What is the Hardy-Weinberg theorem?


$400

The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the

next generation, relative to the contributions of other

individuals


Back $400

What is fitness?


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A state of stable frequencies of two or

more phenotypic forms in a population


Back $500

What is balanced polymorphism?


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How plants obtain nitrogen

Plant systems

Back $100

What is nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Plant systems

$200

The nutritional requirements of

plants

Plant systems

Back $200

What are H20, C02, O2, and minerals?

Plant systems

$300

The loss of water vapor through leaves that pull water up from the roots

Plant systems

Back $300

What is transpiration?

Plant systems

$400

The chemical element that controls the opening and

closing of guard cells

Plant systems

Back $400

What is K+?

Plant systems

$500

When a plant cell’s protoplasts shrink and pull away from its wall when as water leaves the

cell by osmosis

Plant systems

Back $500

What is plasmolyzation?

Plant systems

DoubleJeopardy!!!

Topic 7: Animal Systems

Topic 8:Ecology

Topic 9:Labs

Topic 10: Biotechnology

Topic 11:Molecular genetics –

transcription, translation,

DNA structure & replication, genetics

Topic 12: Stuff We Didn’t Cover

Animal Systems

$200

Molecular Genetics

Stuff We Didn’t Cover

Final Jeopardy!

$200 $200 $200 $200 $200

$400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400

$600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600

$800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800

$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000

BiotechnologyLabsEcology

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When the immune system loses tolerance for self

and turns against certain molecules of the body

Animal Systems

Back $200

What is an autoimmune disease?

Animal Systems

$400

A chemical involved in a localized inflammatory

response that triggers dilation and increased permeability of

nearby capillaries

Animal Systems

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What is histamine?

Animal Systems

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The source of O2 for animals

Animal Systems

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What is the respiratory medium?

Animal Systems

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Cells on the interior surface of the

stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid

Animal Systems

Back $800

What are parietal cells?

Animal Systems

$1000

Another name for red blood cells, the most numerous type

of blood cells

Animal Systems

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What are erythrocytes?

Animal Systems

$200

The type of ecology that applies ecological principles to return

humanly disturbed ecosystems back to their

normal state

Ecology

Back $200

What is restoration ecology?

Ecology

$400

A species-rich boundary between

ecosystems

Ecology

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What is a boundary?

Ecology

$600

The four abiotic components of climate

Ecology

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What are temperature, water, sunlight, and

wind?

Ecology

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Species whose population size is primarily

determined by birth rate

Ecology

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What are R-related species?

Ecology

$1000

The theory that views foraging behavior as a

compromise between the benefits of nutrition and

the costs of obtaining food

Ecology

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What is the optimal foraging theory?

Ecology

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Inquiry: Do the alleles for seed color and seed

shape sort into gametes dependently or independently?

Labs

Back $200

Conclusion: The results supported the hypothesis of

independent assortment. The alleles for seed color and

seed shape sort into games independently of each other

Labs

$400

Field study: Ecologists MacArthur and Wilson studies the number of plant species on the Galapagos Islands,

which vary greatly in size, in relation to the area of each

island

Labs

Back $400

Conclusion: The results of the study showed that plant species richness

increased with island size, supporting the species-area theory

Labs

$600

Inquiry: How does interrupting the dark

period plants need with a brief exposure to light

affect flowering?

Labs

Back $600

Conclusion: Flowering of each species was determined by a

critical period of darkness for that species, not by a specific period of

light. Therefore, “short-day” plants are really “long-night”

plants, and “long-day” plants are really “short-night” plants

Labs

$800

Inquiry: Can predation pressure select for

size and age at maturity in guppies?

Labs

Back $800

Conclusion: Reznic and Endler (experimenters) found that the change in predator resulted in

different variations in the population being favored. Over a short time, this altered selection

pressure resulted in an observable evolutionary change in

the experimental population

Labs

$1000

Inquiry: How does distribution of the gray

crescent at the first cleavage affect the potency of the two

daughter cells?

Labs

Back $1000

Conclusion: The totipotency of the two blastomeres normally

formed during the first cleavage division depends on

cytoplasmic determinants localized in the gray crescent

Labs

$200

Genomics

Biotechnology

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What is the study of whole sets of genes

and their interactions?

Biotechnology

$400

A method to separate DNA or proteins

based on size and charge

Biotechnology

Back $400

What is gel electrophoresis?

Biotechnology

$600

A cloning vector that contains a highly active prokaryotic promoter just upstream of a restriction site where the eukaryotic gene can be

inserted in the correct reading frame

Biotechnology

Back $600

What is an expression vector?

Biotechnology

$800

The combination of RFLP and nucleic acid probe

hybridization that transfers DNA from gel to a solid

substrate

Biotechnology

Back $800

What is Southern blot analysis?

Biotechnology

$1000

A tool for cloning eukaryotic genes which combine the essentials of a eukaryotic

chromosome- an origin for DNA replication, a centromere, and

two telomeres, with foreign DNA

Biotechnology

Back $1000

What are yeast artificial

chromosomes (YACs)?

Biotechnology

$200

The carrier of information from DNA to the cell’s protein-synthesized machinery;

transcribed from the template strand of a gene

Molecular Genetics

Back $200

What is messenger RNA?

Molecular Genetics

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The replacement of one nucleotide and its partner with another pair of nucleotides

Molecular Genetics

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What is a base-pair substitution?

Molecular Genetics

$600

The noncoding segments of nucleic acid that lie between

coding regions

Molecular Genetics

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What are introns?

Molecular Genetics

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How new genes evolve

Molecular Genetics

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What is exon shuffling?

Molecular Genetics

$1000

An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to

the existing chain

Molecular Genetics

Back $1000

What is DNA polymerase?


$200

The perceptions of olfaction; dependent on

chemoreceptors that detect specific chemicals in the

environment


Back $200

What is smell?


$400

This type of eye found in some invertebrates such as insects

consists of up to several thousand light detectors

called ommatidia


Back $400

What are compound eyes?


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When focusing on a close object, the lens of the eye becomes almost

spherical


Back $600

What is accommodation?


$800

Cells that synapse with bipolar cells and transmit action potentials to the

brain via axons in the optic nerve


Back $800

What are ganglion cells?


$1000

When signal molecules cause changes in nearby

target cells


Back $1000

What is induction?


FinalJeopardy!!!

The ability of the zygote in many species to develop into all the cells types found in the

adult

Final Jeopardy!!!

What is totipotency?

Final Jeopardy!!!

Topic 1: Cells-structure, function, membranes, different types.

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Transcript of Topic 1: Cells-structure, function, membranes, different types.