Tissues Organized groups of cells that are similar in structure and function.
Exercise 6 Classification of Tissues. What is a tissue? Groups of cells Groups of cells Similar in...
-
Upload
juliana-atkinson -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
1
Transcript of Exercise 6 Classification of Tissues. What is a tissue? Groups of cells Groups of cells Similar in...
Exercise 6Exercise 6
Classification of TissuesClassification of Tissues
What is a tissue?What is a tissue?
Groups of cells Groups of cells Similar in structure & functionSimilar in structure & function
Tissues are further organized into Tissues are further organized into organs (organs ( organ systems) organ systems)
4 Major Tissue Types4 Major Tissue Types
EpithelialEpithelial Connective Connective MuscleMuscle NervousNervous
Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
Cover surfacesCover surfaces
Simple or stratified?Simple or stratified? Simple = one layer of cells attached to Simple = one layer of cells attached to
the basement membranethe basement membrane Stratified = two or more layers of cellsStratified = two or more layers of cells
Name this epithelia by whichever “shape” Name this epithelia by whichever “shape” the top layer of cells is (apical layer), not the top layer of cells is (apical layer), not the bottom (basal layer)the bottom (basal layer)
Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
Shapes of Epithelial CellsShapes of Epithelial Cells SquamousSquamous
Scalelike, flattenedScalelike, flattened CuboidalCuboidal
Cubelike Cubelike ColumnarColumnar
Column-shapedColumn-shaped
Simple squamousSimple squamous
Stratified squamousStratified squamous
Simple cuboidalSimple cuboidal
Stratified cuboidalStratified cuboidal
Simple columnarSimple columnar
Stratified columnarStratified columnar
Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
Simple squamous epitheliumSimple squamous epithelium
Fig. 4-3
Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
Simple cuboidal epitheliumSimple cuboidal epithelium
Fig 4-4
Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
Simple columnar epitheliumSimple columnar epithelium
Fig 4-5
Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
Pseudostratified columnar epitheliumPseudostratified columnar epithelium Actually simple columnar: nuclei are at Actually simple columnar: nuclei are at
different levels so there appears to be different levels so there appears to be more than one layermore than one layer
Fig 4-5
Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
Stratified squamous epitheliumStratified squamous epithelium
Fig. 4-3
Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
Stratified cuboidal epitheliumStratified cuboidal epithelium
Fig 4-4
Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
Stratified columnar epitheliumStratified columnar epithelium
Fig 4-5
Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
Fig 4-4
Transitional epitheliumTransitional epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium formed of Stratified squamous epithelium formed of
rounded cells that can slide over one rounded cells that can slide over one another, allowing the organ to stretch: another, allowing the organ to stretch:
urinary system onlyurinary system only
CONNECTIVE TISSUESCONNECTIVE TISSUES
Embryonic connective tissueEmbryonic connective tissue mesenchymemesenchyme
Loose connective tissueLoose connective tissue Areolar, adipose, reticularAreolar, adipose, reticular
Dense connective tissueDense connective tissue Dense irregular, dense regularDense irregular, dense regular
Supportive connective tissueSupportive connective tissue Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilages; boneHyaline, elastic, fibrocartilages; bone
Fluid connective tissueFluid connective tissue Blood, Blood, lymphlymph
CONNECTIVE TISSUESCONNECTIVE TISSUES
Differing proportions of cells and fibers to Differing proportions of cells and fibers to “matrix”“matrix” Matrix is noncellular, nonliving material Matrix is noncellular, nonliving material
between the connective tissue cellsbetween the connective tissue cells Different proportions have to deal with Different proportions have to deal with
strength of the tissuestrength of the tissue
Classification of Connective Classification of Connective TissuesTissues
Fig. 4-8
Many cell types
Syrupy ground substance
Distinct cell types
Watery matrix
Less diverse cell types
More fibrous matrix
Embryonic Connective Embryonic Connective TissueTissue
MesenchymeMesenchyme Many star-shaped stem cells Gives rise to all other connective tissues Not present in adults
Fig. 4-10
Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue
Areolar connective Areolar connective tissuetissue Can contain all cells
and fibers of any connective tissue
Loosely organized ground substance
Cushions & protects body’s organs
Lots of matrix
Fig. 4-9
Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue
Adipose connective tissueAdipose connective tissue (fat) Insulation for the body’s tissues Food storage Little matrix
Fig. 4-11
Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue
Reticular connective tissueReticular connective tissue Reticular fibers form a soft internal
skeleton for support
Fig. 4-11
Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue
Dense irregular connective tissueDense irregular connective tissue Fibers in many directions Dermis
Fig. 4-12
Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue
Dense regular connective tissueDense regular connective tissue Fibers in one direction Tendons, ligaments of body’s joints
Fig. 4-12
Fig. 4-15
Supportive Connective Supportive Connective TissueTissue
Hyaline CartilageHyaline Cartilage Support, reinforcement Somewhat flexible Most common cartilage
Supportive Connective Supportive Connective TissueTissue
Elastic CartilageElastic Cartilage Maintains shape, but flexible Many elastic fibers
Fig. 4-15
Supportive Connective Supportive Connective TissueTissue
FibrocartilageFibrocartilage Strength, shock absorption Dense network of collagen fibers
Fig. 4-15
Supportive Connective Supportive Connective TissueTissue
Osseous Connective Tissue (Bone)Osseous Connective Tissue (Bone) Support, protection
Fig. 4-16
Fluid Connective TissueFluid Connective Tissue
BloodBlood Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets Transport gases and other nutrients and
waste Watery matrix (plasma or serum)
Fig. 4-13
Fluid Connective TissueFluid Connective Tissue
LymphLymph Fluid of the lymphatic system Like plasma without the big proteins Immune defense
MUSCLE TISSUESMUSCLE TISSUES
SkeletalSkeletal CardiacCardiac SmoothSmooth
Fig. 4-19
Skeletal Muscle TissueSkeletal Muscle Tissue
Attached to the skeletonAttached to the skeleton Under conscious controlUnder conscious control Striated tissueStriated tissue Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cellsLong, cylindrical, multinucleate cells
Cardiac Muscle TissueCardiac Muscle Tissue Only in the heartOnly in the heart Striated tissueStriated tissue Under involuntary controlUnder involuntary control Branching, uninucleate cells with Branching, uninucleate cells with
intercalated discsintercalated discs
Fig. 4-19
Smooth Muscle TissueSmooth Muscle Tissue Found in the walls of hollow organs Found in the walls of hollow organs
(digestive, urinary tracts; blood vessels)(digestive, urinary tracts; blood vessels) 2 layers at right angles for
contraction/dilation of the organ cavity Not striated tissue Uninucleate, spindle-shaped cells
Fig. 4-19
Muscle type Cells striations Voluntary?
Cardiac branchedUninucleateIntercalated discs
yes no
Skeletal Long fibersmultinucleate
yes yes
Smooth Spindle shaped1 nucleus
no no
NERVOUS TISSUENERVOUS TISSUE Brain, spinal cord, nervesBrain, spinal cord, nerves 2 basic cell types:2 basic cell types:
Neuroglia cells Protect, support, and insulate the neurons
Neurons Receive stimuli and conduct nerve impulses all
over the body
Fig. 4-20