Cell structure function - Mrs. Phillinganes...
Transcript of Cell structure function - Mrs. Phillinganes...
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Cell Structure & Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
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Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life
functions.
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Examples of CellsAmoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
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Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic•Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic
• Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
• Few internal structures
• One-celled organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
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Eukaryotic• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
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“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
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Cell PartsOrganelles
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Surrounding the Cell
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Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cell Wall• Most commonly found
in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Inside the Cell
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Nucleus • Directs cell activities• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear
membrane• Contains genetic material - DNA
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Nuclear Membrane• Surrounds nucleus• Made of two layers• Openings allow
material to enter and leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chromosomes• In nucleus• Made of DNA• Contain instructions
for traits & characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Nucleolus• Inside nucleus• Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture• Surrounded by cell membrane
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Ribosomes• Each cell contains
thousands• Where proteins are
made• Found on ER &
floating throughout the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Smooth type: lacks ribosomes, makes lipids
• Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface , makes and modified proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Mitochondria• Produces energy through
chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Golgi Apparatus• Protein packaging
plant• Move materials within
the cell• Move materials out of
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Lysosome• Stores digestive
enzymes that help break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Vacuoles• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chloroplast• Usually found in plant
cells• Contains green
chlorophyll• Where
photosynthesis takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html