PARTS OF A CELL

Chapter 2 – Section 1

1. cell – the smallest unit of an organism that can carry on life functions

2. cell membrane – protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment

3. cytoplasm - gel-like mixture inside the cell membrane that contains hereditary material; the location of most of the cell’s life processes

4. prokaryotic cells – cells without membrane-bound structures

5. eukaryotic cells – cells with membrane-bound structures

6. cell wall – tough structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cell and gives it shape

7. organelle – structure in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that acts as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture substances

(basically, parts of a cell found in the gel!)

8. nucleus – organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material

9. chloroplasts – the chlorophyll-containing organelle in a plant cell that uses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water

- chlorophyll is the green pigment that captures light energy in a plant

10. mitochondria – cell organelles that break down food and release energy

11. ribosomes – small structures on which cells make their own protein

12. endoplasmic reticulum – organelle that moves materials around in a cell

13. Golgi bodies – package cellular materials and

transport them within the cell or out of the cell

14. lysosomes - organelles containing a large range of digestive enzymes used primarily for digestion and removal of excess or worn-out organelles

15. tissue – a group of similar cells that work together to do one job

16. organ – a structure made up of two or more different types of tissues;

- an organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain task

17. organism – any living thing

organism =>

Cell Theory

Cell theory states that: - All organisms are made up of one or more cells- The cell is the basic unit of life- All cells come from other cells

READ pages 38 and 39ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES

1. In your own words, explain why cells come in all shapes and sizes.

2. Look at the pictures at the top of page 39. DESCRIBE the differences you see in a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell.

- EXPLAIN why the eukaryotic cell is more complex than the prokaryotic cell.

3. What 5 jobs are your cells doing all the time?