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BIOLOGY

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TWO MAIN TYPE OF TISSUES IN PLANTS :-

MERISTEMATIC TISSUES

PERMANENT TISSUES

MERISTEMATIC TISSUES :-

CONSISTS SMALL CELLS WHICH HAVE THIN

WALLS,LARGE NUCLEI,DENSE CYTOPLASM & NO

VACUOLES

ACTIVELY DIVIDING CELLS

LOCATED AT THE TIPS OF ROOTS & THE BUDS OF

SHOOTS.

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MATURE TISSUES THAT HAVE UNDERGONE

DIFFERENTATION.

THREE TYPES OF PERMANENT TISSUES :-

EPIDERMAL TISSUES GROUND TISSUES

VASCULAR TISSUES

EPIDERMAL TISSUES

ITS LAYER COVER THE STEMS,LEAVES &ROOTS OFYOUNG PLANTS

FLAT & HAVE LARGE VACUOLES

ITS WALL EXPOSED TO AIR ARE COVERED WITH A

WAXY WATERPROOF COATING CALLED THE

CUTICLE.

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THE CUTICLE MINIMIES WATER LOSS THROUGH

EVAPORATION,PROTECTS PLANT FROM

MECHANICAL INJURY & PREVENTS INVASION OF

DISEASES CAUSED BY MICROORGANISMS

ROOT OF EPIDERMAL CELLS HAVE LONG

PROJECTIONS CALLED ROOT HAIRS TO INCREASE

THE SURFACE AREA FOR WATER ABSORPTION

CONTAIN CHLOROPLAST & AND CALLED GUARDCELLS .THEY CONTROL OPENING & CLOSING OF

STOMATA.

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CONSIST OF:-

PARENCHY MA TISSUES

COLLENCHYMA TISUES

SCLERENCHYMA TISSUES

PARENCHYMA TISSUES

HAVE RELATIVELY THIN PRIMARY WALLS &

LARGE VACUOLES

STORE SUGAR & STARCH

TURGID GIVE SUPPORT & SHAPE TO HERBACEOUS

PLANTS.

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COLLENCHYMA TISSUES

HAVE UNEVENLY THICKENED CELLS WALL

SUPPORTS NON-WOODY PLANTS,YOUNG STEM &

PETIOLES.SCLERENCHYMA TISSUES

HAVE CELL WALL UNIFORMLY THICKENED BY

LIGNIN & MAY BE DEAD

GIVE SUPPORT & MECHANICAL STRENGTH TOMATURE REGIONS OF A PLANT

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CONSIST OF :-

XYLEM

PHLOEM

XYLEM

CONSISTS MAINLY OF XYLEM VESSELS JOINED

TOGETHER END TO END,EXTENDING FROM THE

ROOTS RIGHT UP TO THE LEAVES

CYTOPLASM ENABLES EFFICIENT TRANSPORT OF

WATER & DISSOLVED MINERAL SALTS FROM THEROOTS TO OTHER PARTS OF THE PLANTS.

CELL WALL THICKENED WITH LIGNIN TO

PROVIDE SUPPORT & MECHANICAL STRENGTH TO

THE PLANTS.

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PHLOEM

CONSISTS MAINLY OF SIEVE TUBES THAT

ARRANGED END TO END TO FORM LONG

CONTINUOUS TUBE-LIKES

ORGANIC COMPOUND :-

NEWLY SYNTHESISED CARBOHYDRETES & AMINO

ACIDS THAT TRANSPORT BY PHLOEM TO OTHER

PARTS OF PLANTS.

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EXAMPLES OFORGANS IN PLANT :-

LEAF

STEM

ROOT

FLOWER

LEAF IS MADE OF :-

GROUD TISSUES

EPIDERMAL TISSUES

VASCULAR TISSUES

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FLOWERING PLANT CONSIST TWO MAIN SYSTEM:-

ROOT SYSTEM

SHOOT SYSTEM

SHOOT SYSTEM CONSISTSTEMS,LEAVES,BUDS,FLOWERS & FRUIT

THE STEM SUPPORT FOR THE PLANT BY HOLDING

THE LEAVES FOR MAXIMUM ABSORBED OF

SUNLIGHT DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS.THEFLOWERS ARE INVOLVED IN POLLINATION.