Cell Organisation
-
Upload
sekolah-seri-puteri -
Category
Education
-
view
1.800 -
download
0
Transcript of Cell Organisation
Hasimah bt Azit
How this organism:How this organism:
Move?Move? Do respiration?Do respiration? Respond to stimuli?Respond to stimuli? Controls and regulates water ?Controls and regulates water ? Reproduce? Reproduce?
They have a lot of cells !!
Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization ChemicalChemical CellularCellular TissueTissue OrgansOrgans Organ SystemOrgan System OrganismOrganism
All the tissues are same in the All the tissues are same in the beginning!beginning!
They differentiate to fit their function They differentiate to fit their function in the organismin the organism
They undergo specialisation in order They undergo specialisation in order to perform their tasks more to perform their tasks more efficiently efficiently
The Origin of TissuesThe Origin of Tissues
Morula
Blastula
Gastrula
Differentiate between primary tissues and embryonic germ layers.
4 Basic Tissues Types4 Basic Tissues Types
EpithelialEpithelial ConnectiveConnective MuscleMuscle NervousNervous
Epithelial Tissue --Epithelial Tissue -- General Features General Features
Cover surfaces, line cavities and form glandsCover surfaces, line cavities and form glands Name one multicellular gland formed by epithelial tissue.Name one multicellular gland formed by epithelial tissue.Attached to underlying connective tissue by a basement Attached to underlying connective tissue by a basement
membranemembrane
AvascularAvascular---without blood vessels---without blood vessels nutrients diffuse in from blood vessels in underlying nutrients diffuse in from blood vessels in underlying
connective tissueconnective tissue What does this mean for especially thick epithelia?What does this mean for especially thick epithelia?
Good nerve supplyGood nerve supply Rapid cell division; responsive to environmental Rapid cell division; responsive to environmental
stressesstresses Named according to the Named according to the shapeshape and and arrangementarrangement of of
cellscells List the general functions of epithelial tissues.List the general functions of epithelial tissues.
Connective TissuesConnective Tissues
Cells rarely touch due to usually large Cells rarely touch due to usually large amount of intercellular material (extra amount of intercellular material (extra cellular cellular matrixmatrix))
Matrix(fibers & ground substance) Matrix(fibers & ground substance) secreted by cellssecreted by cells
Consistency varies from liquid or gel to Consistency varies from liquid or gel to solidsolid
Function is to support, connect, protect Function is to support, connect, protect and insulateand insulate
Good nerve & blood supply except Good nerve & blood supply except cartilage & tendonscartilage & tendons
What are the three major cell types often found in connective tissues, and what are their functions?
Areolar c.t.
Adipose TissueAdipose Tissue
Peripheral nuclei due to large fat storage dropletPeripheral nuclei due to large fat storage droplet Deeper layer of skin, organ padding, yellow marrowDeeper layer of skin, organ padding, yellow marrow Reduces heat loss, energy storage, protectionReduces heat loss, energy storage, protection
Bones
Blood
Muscle
Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle
Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle
Nervous tissuesNervous tissues
Organs Organs
Two or more types of tissues working Two or more types of tissues working together to perform a particular together to perform a particular functionfunction
Examples:Examples:
Kidney Brain
Lung
SystemsSystems
Several organs that works together Several organs that works together
Tissues Tissues
2 main types:2 main types: Meristematic:Meristematic:
Cambium – actively dividing cellsCambium – actively dividing cells Permanent :Permanent :
Epidermal:Epidermal: outmost layer of cells – cover outmost layer of cells – cover leaves, leaves, stems and roots. Protective stems and roots. Protective tissues.tissues.
Ground:(cortex) Ground:(cortex) ParenchymaParenchyma CollenchymaCollenchyma Sclerenchyma Sclerenchyma
Vascular:Vascular: Xylem Xylem phloemphloem
Meristematic tissues
Root Apical Meristem
Epidermal
Ground tissueGround tissue
ParenchymaCollenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Vascular tissue Vascular tissue
transportation of water and transportation of water and minerals from the roots to shoot minerals from the roots to shoot systems systems
Transportation food that is Transportation food that is synthesized in leaves to whole synthesized in leaves to whole plant.plant.
Organs Organs
Systems Systems
Regulating internal Regulating internal environmentenvironment
By Hasimah Azit
The Boundary Organ ConceptThe Boundary Organ Concept
What is internal environment?What is internal environment?
Consists of:Consists of: Interstitial fluidInterstitial fluid Blood plasmaBlood plasma
Our cells surrounding
The necessity to maintain optimal internal The necessity to maintain optimal internal environment so that cells can function environment so that cells can function optimally optimally
Internal factors :Internal factors : Physical:Physical:
TemperatureTemperature Blood pressureBlood pressure Osmotic pressureOsmotic pressure
Chemical:Chemical: SaltSalt SugarSugar pHpH
The process to regulate and maintain internal environment >>>>HOMEOSTASIS
HomeostasisHomeostasis of Body Fluids of Body Fluids
Separation of fluid Separation of fluid compartmentscompartments intracellular fluid (ICF) = within cells = intracellular fluid (ICF) = within cells =
cytoplasmcytoplasm extracellular fluid (ECF) = outside cellsextracellular fluid (ECF) = outside cells
intercellular fluid = tissue fluid = interstitial fluidintercellular fluid = tissue fluid = interstitial fluid plasma = fluid portion of bloodplasma = fluid portion of blood
Composition of fluids change as substances Composition of fluids change as substances move between move between compartmentscompartments nutrients, oxygen, ions and wastes move nutrients, oxygen, ions and wastes move
in both directions across capillary wallsin both directions across capillary walls
How is this (homeostasis) How is this (homeostasis) controlled?controlled?
Components of Feedback LoopComponents of Feedback Loop Receptor Receptor
monitors a controlled monitors a controlled conditioncondition
Control centerControl center determines next actiondetermines next action
EffectorEffector receives directions from receives directions from
the control centerthe control center produces a response that produces a response that
changes the controlled changes the controlled conditioncondition
Eg. Homeostasis of Blood PressureEg. Homeostasis of Blood Pressure Pressure receptors in walls of Pressure receptors in walls of
certain arteries detect an certain arteries detect an increase in BPincrease in BP blood Pressure = force of blood Pressure = force of
blood on walls of vesselsblood on walls of vessels Brain receives input and Brain receives input and
signals heart and blood vesselssignals heart and blood vessels Heart rate slows and arterioles Heart rate slows and arterioles
dilate (increase in diameter)dilate (increase in diameter) BP returns to normalBP returns to normal
Uniqueness of cellsUniqueness of cells
Why these cells are so unique?Why these cells are so unique?
They can perform their function They can perform their function optimally!optimally!
Red blood cell – without nucleus – Red blood cell – without nucleus – they have a lot of spaces for they have a lot of spaces for hemoglobin so a lot of oxygen can be hemoglobin so a lot of oxygen can be carried. carried.
Bone – they have calcium Bone – they have calcium