Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi
-
Upload
heragaramina -
Category
Documents
-
view
72 -
download
14
description
Transcript of Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi
![Page 1: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bahan Najar Blok EMN
MALNUTRISI
![Page 2: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Identifikasi kasus
Kasus gizi buruk anak dengan BGM
Home visit pemeriksaan
status gizi dan pemberian makanan
khusus
Klinis : sangat kurus, Crazy
Papment dermatosis,ba
ggy pants
Undernutrition
![Page 3: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Malnutrisi
Malnutrisi adalah suatu keadaan klinis yang disebabkan ketidakseimbangan antara asupan dan keluaran energi, baik karena kekurangan atau kelebihan asupan makanan maupun akibat kebutuhan yang meningkat.
a. Malnutrisi mikronutrienb. Kekurangan gizi c. Kelebihan gizi (obesitas)
![Page 4: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Masalah Gizi di Indonesia
• Malnutrisi Energi Protein (MEP)• Anemia defisiensi besi• Gangguan akibat kurang iodium (GAKI)• Defisiensi Zn• Defisiensi vitamin A• Obesitas
![Page 5: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Patofisiologi defisiensi nutrienMasukan nutrien tidak adekuat
Defisiensi nutrien
Deplesi cadangan tubuh
Kadar dalam darah turun
Defisiensi tingkat seluler
Gangguan fungsi sel
Gejala / tanda klinis
Masalah kesehatan melanjut
![Page 6: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
M E P• BATASAN
BB/U < 80% persentil 50 standar NCHS
• ETIOLOGI- INTAKE YANG KURANG (KEMISKINAN, KETIDAKTAHUAN,PENYAKIT)
- PENYAKIT SISTEMIK (KEBUTUHAN MENINGKAT/KEHILANGAN - NUTRIEN, GANGGUAN ABSORBSI/DIGESTI)
![Page 9: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
M E P
• PATOGENESIS*SIKLUS INFEKSI, DIARE DAN KURANG GIZI YANG DIPERBERAT OLEH ADANYA IMUNO-DEFISIENSI, ATROPI DAN MALABSORPSI/ DISFUNGSI ORGAN MEP BERAT*DISFUNGSI HORMONAL/DEFISIENSI HORMON KEHILANGAN NUTRIEN MENINGKAT, KATABOLISME MENINGKAT, GANGGUAN PERTUMBUHAN MEP BERAT
![Page 12: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
M E P
• Berdasarkan SUSENAS 2002- Gizi kurang 26% balita
- Gizi buruk 8 % balita• Berdasarkan lama dan jumlah KEP
- Derajat ringan = GIZI KURANG - Derajat berat = GIZI BURUK
![Page 13: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
M E P
• Gizi kurang- Belum menunjukkan gejala yg khas
- Belum ada kelainan biokimia - Dijumpai gangguan pertumbuhan
![Page 14: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
M E P Berat
• Gizi buruk- Gejala klinis
- Kelainan biokimia yang khas. - Modifikasi kriteria Wellcome trust ada
3 bentuk : 1. Kwashiorkor 2. Marasmus Kwashiorkor 3. Marasmus
![Page 15: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
M E P• MEP Ringan
- Pertumbuhan linier berkurang/terhenti - Kenaikan BB terhenti/berkurang/turun - Ukuran lengan atas turun - Maturasi tulang terlambat - Ratio BB/TB normal/turun - Tebal lipatan kulit normal/kurang - Anemia ringan
- Aktifitas dan perhatian berkurang - Dapat dijumpai kelainan kulit / rambut.
![Page 16: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
MEP BERAT• KWASHIORKOR
- BB/U > 60% dengan edema- Perubahan mental sampai apatis, rewel.- Wajah membulat/sembab, mata sayu
- Edema sering dijumpai- Otot hypotrofi
- Ggn sistim gastrointestinal (hepatomegali) - Perubahan rambut (tipis, rambut jagung,rontok) - Perubahan kulit (Crazy Pavement Dermatosis) - Anemia
![Page 17: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
M E P BERAT
![Page 19: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
MEP BERAT• MARASMUS
- BB/U < 60% tanpa edema- Penampilan wajah spt orang tua
- Terlihat sangat kurus - Perubahan mental cengeng,rewal - Kulit kering, dingin dan mengendor - Rambut kering, tipis dan mudah rontok - Turgor kulit berkurang - Otot atrofi hingga tulang terlihat jelas - Sering diare atau konstipasi - Takikardi, TD menurun, Bradipnu
![Page 20: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
M E P BERAT
• MARASMUS KWASHIORKOR- BB/U < 60% DENGAN EDEMA- GEJALA KLINIK CAMPURAN DARI GEJALA KLINIK KWASHIORKOR MARASMUS.
![Page 23: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
M E P BERAT• KOMPLIKASI JANGKA PENDEK
- HIPOGLIKEMIA- HIPOTERMIA- DEHIDRASI- GANGGUAN FUNGSI VITAL- GANGGUAN KESEIMBANGAN ELEKTROLIT ASAM BASA - INFEKSI BERAT- HAMBATAN PENYEMBUHAN PENYAKIT PENYERTA.
![Page 24: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
M E P BERAT
• KOMPLIKASI JANGKA PANJANG:- STUNTING(gangan prtumbuhan tlng)- BERKURANGNYA POTENSI TUMBUH KEMBANG
![Page 25: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
M E P BERAT
• TATALAKSANA (10 LANGKAH)1. ATASI/CEGAH HIPOGLIKEMIA2. ATASI/CEGAH HIPOTERMI3. ATASI/CEGAH DEHIDRASI4. KOREKSI GGN KESEIMBANGAN ELEKTROLIT5. OBATI/CEGAH INFEKSI6. KOREKSI DEFISIENSI MIKRONUTRIEN7. MULAI PEMBERIAN MAKANAN8. FASILITASI TUMBUH KEJAR9. LAKUKAN STIMULASI DAN DUKUNGAN MENTAL10. SIAPKAN/RENCANAKAN TINDAK LANJUT
![Page 26: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Bahan Tutorial Blok EMN Malnutrisi](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020713/563dbbc3550346aa9ab00cc9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
M E P BERAT