အလင္းအိမ္မဂၢဇင္း အတြဲ (၅) အမွတ္ (၅)

Luminary MagazineVolume 5,No.511111

1

(1) ppfrSefaompmayvGwfvyfcGifh&dSap&ef

(2) tm%m&SifpepfrSefor#wdkufzsuf&ef

(3) 'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh

vufwGJ aqmif&Guf&ef

(4) jynfol jynfom;wdk h.cHpm;csufudk wifjy&ef//

tvif;tdrfr l0g'tvif;tdrfr l0g'tvif;tdrfr l0g'tvif;tdrfr l0g'tvif;tdrfr l0g'

jrefrmouU&mZf 1373 ck / e,kefvc&pfESpf 2011 / ZGefv

jrefrmouU&mZf 1373 ck / 0gqd kvc&pfESpf 2011 / Zlvd ki fv

Luminary MagazineVolume 5,No.5 22222

2

t v i f ; t d r f r m w d u mtvif;tdrfpum; 4

uAsmAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; atmif'if 7atmifqef;u u|efawmfhudk iHk h=unfhaew,f aebkef;vwf 8vG,ftdwfwGif;rS yGifhzwfav;rsm; rm;qdk; 10ausmif;om; cdkif 11emwm&Snf {&m 12,SOf+ydKifjcif;&J h t"dyg,f av;av;tdk 13*sLvdkifcGyfa'gif; 0dOmOf t"dXmef 0if;Edkif 14

umwGef;tifwmeufay:rS umwGef;rsm; 15

*g&0jyK pmrsufESmrsm;omoemh *k%f&nf q&mawmf b'NEWZ0e t&SifynmeEN 18tmZmenfoHCmt&Sifjrwf h h h t&SifynmeEN 19AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vdk acgif;aqmifrsdK; armif0Ho 21

&Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHk}uD; 23 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwfpkpnf;r_88 rsdK;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;. trSwfw&pum;rsm; 3 0(uAsm)r[m*E<0if&Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHk rif;aumif;cspf 39a'gif;wdk hrmef armif 4088 opfyif armif&pf 41aemufqHk;xGufouf cifarmifvGif 428888 ta=uG; oDwmatmif 43&Spfav;vHk;armfuGef; xdefvif; 44


3

(aqmif;yg;)&Spfav;vHk;udk jyef=unhfjcif; xdefvif; 45ta&;awmfyHkausmif;om;rsm; xdefvif; 48&Spfav;vHk;'Drdkua&pD ESifh pma&;q&mrsm; armifpGrf;&nf 50tjzLa&mifay;qyfr_rsm; cif+idrf;opf 56=u,fawGa=uGaewJh wdkif;jynf cif+idrf;opf 60

88 odk h OD;vSnfhjcif; oufxGef; 63

EdkifiHa&; okw &oZlvdkif 7 &uf / 7&ufZlvdkif 0if;wifhxGef; 24jrefrmjynf tajymif;tvJtwGuf h h h atmifqufydkif 672008 zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' &Jabmfzdk;oHacsmif; 73udk,fhbufu tiftm;aumif;rS wef;wlnDr# atmif'if 75rS h h hwyg; rif;rif;odef; 82rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;) oef;0if;v_dif 86'Drdkua&pDeJ hrtyfpyfwJh vlwef;pm; vlxkpdef0if; 91awmfvSefa&;&Jabmfrsm;ESifh pum;ajymjcif; xl;wifh 94pnf;vHk;jcif; tiftm; t,fvfEk&m 96

0wKwdktzGm;twGuf rkef hjym;ovuf armifpdk;csdef 98

tvif;tdrf 5 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf 0wKwdk+ydKifyGJrdk;cg;a&jzef;rS vef;rSmvm; ukrkj'm rif;aumif;cspf 104olwdk hwawGudk ajymvdkufyg Zifa,mf 107

EdkifiHa&;tawG;tjrif tcef;qufp=um0VmxJu 'dkif,mvufwpf 27 rdk;ajropf 113

bmomjyeftcef;quftdrfajrSmifavSmiftdrf 45 armifarmifvwf 116

EdkifiHa&;tawG;tac:'Da&jrifhopf jroef;wifh 119tvif;tdrf rSwfpk tvif;tdrfrD'D,m 128


4

tvif;tdrf pum;1988 ckESpf =o*kwfv (8)&ufae@rSm jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHw0Srf;vHk;&Sd jynfolvlxk

w&yfvHk;u +idrf;csrf;pGmjzifh jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpf vrf;pOfygwD (rqv) tpdk;&wjzpfvJ ppfwyftkyfcsKyfr_udk

tHwkqENjycJh=uygw,f? 'Dppftkyfpk[m AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;qdkol OD;aqmif+yD; vGwfvyfwJh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHudk 1962 ckESpf rwfv (2) &ufae@rSm ppftm%modrf;um t"rRtkyfcsKyfcJh=uolawGjzpfw,f?awmfvSefa&;aumifpD tpdk;&trnfwyf+yD; jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOf (twkta,mif) udk a&;qGJjyXmef;t"rRtwnfjyKum jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpf vrf;pOfygwDw&yf wnfaxmif+yD; wygwDtm%m&SifpepfeJ@tkyfcsKyfcJhwmjzpfw,f?

26 ESpfwm tkyfcsKyfaepOf umvrSmyJ jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;[m taxGaxG t=uyftwnf;

awG=um;u rauseyfr_awG }uD;xGm;vm+yD; rqv wygwDtkyfcsKyfr_udk tHwkqENjy jzKwfcscJh=uwmjzpfw,f? t"rRtkyfcsKyfaewJh wygwDtm%m&Sif ppftkyfpkuvnf; jrefrmEdkifiH[m olwdk@&J@tkyfcsKyfr_

atmufrSm urBmhtqif;&JqHk; EdkifiHtjzpf a&muf&SdcJh&wmawG/ ppfwyftcGifhxl;cH vlwef;pm;awG csrf;omvmwmawG/ jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;vnf; qif;&JrGJaw tusifhysuf/ vm'fpm;r_awGeJ@ rauseyfr_awG}uD;xGm;vmwmawGudk zGifh[0efcHcJh=u&w,f?

wygwDpepfESifh quf+yD;&yfwnfzdk@[m jynfolu vufrcHEdkifawmhwJhtwGuf jynfoludk

vdrfvnfzdk@ }udK;pm;aecsdefrSm EdkifiHw0Srf;vHku jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk; jywfjywfom;om; qENjyqef@usifcJh=uwma=umifh ordkif;0if 8888 ta&;awmfyHk}uD; ay:aygufvmcJh&w,f?

'Dppftkyfpk wygwDpepfeJ@ tkyfcsKyfcJhwmudk OD;aqmif+yD; awmfvSefwdkufyGJ0ifcJh=uwmausmif;om;xkyg? ausmif;om;awGyg? ausmif;om;awG[m ppftkyfpk pwiftm%modrf;t"rRtkyfcsKyfpOf uwnf;u qef@usifuef@uGufcJh=uolawGyg? ppftkyfpkuvnf; puwnf;uqdkovdkyifausmif;om;awGowf/ ausmif;om;or*~ taqmufttHkudk AHk;cGJzsufqD;+yD; &ufpufrdkuf&dkif;pGmeJ@ausmif;om;xkudk &ifqdkifcJhygw,f?

ausmif;om;xkuvnf; rnfodk@yif ESdrfESif;+zdKcGif;cJhapumrl acwftqufquf vkyfydkifcGifh&&if&ovdk enf;aygif;pHkeJ@ ppftkyfpk tkyfcsKyfaer_udk awmfvSeftHwkcJh=uygw,f? 88 ckESpfa&mufwJhtcgusawmhrS jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk; yg0ifqifE$J tHwkawmfvSefEdkifwJh ta&;awmfyHk}uD; jzpfay:vmcJhwmyg?

AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;&J@ ppftkyfpk wygwDtm%m&Sifpepf vHk;0acsr_ef;cH&awmhr,fh tajctaerSmAdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; tpDtrHeJ@yJ aemufw}udrf ppftm%modrf; tkyfpkay:aygufjzpfay: vm+yD; wdkif;jynfudkppftm%m&SifpepfeJ@ qufvuftkyfcsKyfcJhygw,f? jynfoltajrmuftrsm;udk owfjzwf/tusOf;csacsr_ef;+yD; ppftm%modrf;tpdk;&w&yfjzpfvmwJh ppftm%m&SifawG[m e0w/ etz trnfawGeJ@t"rRtkyfcsKyfcJhwJh AdkvfcsKyfapmarmif/ AdkvfcsKyfoef;a&$/ AdkvfcsKyfcifnGef@ wdk@ tkyfpkygyJ?

'Dppftm%m&SifawG[m &Spfav;vHk; ta&;awmfyHk}uD;udk OD;aqmifqifE$JcJhwJh 88 rsdK;qufausmif;om;awG/ 88 ta&;awmfyHk}uD;u ay:xGufvmcJhwJh 'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkawGudk t+idK;w}uD;eJ@zrf;qD;axmifcs/ owfjzwfEdSrfESif;+yD;/ wzufuvnf; wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;EG,fpkawGudk tusdK;pD;yGm;eJ@vufeufudk vJvS,fapum +zdKcGJcJhw,f? wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ ppftkyfpkudk 'l;raxmuf/ vufeufrcswJhvlrsdK;pkawGudk trsdK;jyKwf wdkufcdkufacsr_ef;cJhw,f?


5

wdkif;jynfudk t"rRtkyfcsKyfcJhwJh e0w/ etz ppftkyfpkxJrSmvnf; AdkvfcsKyfr_;}uD;oef;a&$qdkol[m tcsif;csif; jzKwfxkwfowf vrf;pOfeJ@ ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk tyDtjyif wnfaqmufcJh+yD;jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ppftm%m&Sifpepf w&m;0ifjzpfzdk@ vrf;pOfcsrSwf taumiftxnfaz:cJhw,f?wzufuvnf; 'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkawGudk zdESdyfacsr_ef;&if;/ wzufuvnf; ol@ppftkyfpk/ ol@tusdK;pD;yGm;tcdkiftrmjzpfzdk@ pD;yGm;a&;orm;awGudk arG;jrLum &yfwnfcJhw,f?

w+ydKifeufwnf; ppftkyfpkudk,fpm;jyK }uH@zGwftoif;udk EdkifiH0efxrf;tiftm;awG tajccHv#ufwnfaxmifum twkta,mif trsdK;om; nDvmcHjyKvkyf/ 2008 ckESpf t"rRtajccHOya'awGudkjyXmef;+yD; }uH@zGwftoif;rS }uH@zGwfygwD ajymif;um 2010 a&G;aumufyGJudk jyKvkyfcJhw,f?

ppftkyfpkudk,fwdkifu usif;yjyKvkyfay;cJhwJh 1990 jynfhESpf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSmjywfom;pGm tEdkif&&SdcJhwJh a':atmifqef;pk=unf OD;aqmifwJh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (NLD) udktm%mv$Jray;wJhtjyif/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ NLD udk acsr_ef;+yD; jyKvkyfvdkufwJh 2010a&G;aumufyGJudk t"rRtaumiftxnfaz:cJhw,f?

2010 a&G;aumufyGJrSm tEdkif&wJh }uH@zGH@ygwD[m 1988 ckESpf tm%modrf;ppftkyfpk&J@ppfAdkvfcsKyfawG tukefvHk;vdkvdk yg0ifwJh tzGJ@tpnf;w&yfqdkwm rarh=uzdk@vdkygw,f? a&G;aumufyGJrSm0ifr+ydKifayr,fh ppftkyfpkwckvHk;udk xdef;csKyfudkifwG,faewm[m ppftm%m&Sif AdkvfcsKyfr_}uD;oef;a&$qdkwm txift&Sm; &Sdaew,fqdkwmudk rarh=uzdk@vdkygw,f?

'Dppftkyfpk[m 88 rsdK;qufawGtay: b,favmuft+idK;}uD;/ tmCmw xm;ovJqdk&if88 rsdK;quf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawG/ ausmif;om;awGudk ESpfaygif; 65 ESpfcsrSwf+yD; t"rRtusOf;csxm;onfudk =unfhum odEdkifygw,f?

'Duae@ t&yfom;tpdk;&opf (ppftkyfpktajym) vdk@ajymwJh OD;odef;pdef tpdk;&[m ppfabmif;bD c|wf AdkvfcsKyfr_;}uD;oef;a&$udk opPmcHxm;wJh ta,mifaqmif t&yfom;tpdk;&om jzpfw,f?

'Dtpdk;&[m trSefwu,f wdkif;jynfrSm 'Drdkua&pDpepf xGef;um;apcsif&if/ wdkif;jynfeJ@vlrsdK;tusdK;udk jzpfay:vmapcsif&if vlrsdK;wkH; wdkufcdkufaewJh wdkif;&if;om;a'oawGrSm ppfqifr_awG &yfwef@yg/ta,mifaqmif EdkifiHa&; vSnfhuGufawGvkyf+yD; urBmudk vdrfvnfaewJh vkyf&yfawG &yfwef@+yD;t"rRtusOf;cs cHae&wJh 88 rsdK;qufausmif;om;awG/ &[ef;oHCmawG/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkacgif;aqmifawGudk ¹cif;csufr&Sd v$wfay;+yD; ppfrSefwJh awG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&;udk taumiftxnfaz:um+idrf;csrf;a&;udk wnfaqmuf&rSmjzpfw,f?

odk@r[kwfygu 1962 ckESpf ppftm%m&Sifudk jzKwfcscJhwJh 1988 ckESpf ta&;awmfyHk}uD;ay:aygufovdk 1988 ckESpf tm%modrf;ppftkyfpk[mvnf; jynfolawG tHk=uGawmfvSefwJhawmfvSefa&;w&yfudk }uHKawG@=u&rSm jzpfw,fqdkwmudk wifjyvdkygw,f?

rdrdudk,fudk awmfvSef/ jyKjyif &yfwnf&if; ppftm%m&Sifpepf awmfvSefa&;odk@ ?

tm%m&SifrSefor# usqHk;ap&rnf?

tvif;tdrf&Jabmfrsm; tvif;tdrf&Jabmfrsm; tvif;tdrf&Jabmfrsm; tvif;tdrf&Jabmfrsm; tvif;tdrf&Jabmfrsm;


6

64 ESpfajrmuf“tmZmenfae h”

tmZmenfyk*~dvfrsm;udk tav;jyKygonf// tvif;tdrf

Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;

O D ;b0if;O D ;b0if;O D ;b0if;O D ;b0if;O D ;b0if; O D;&mZwfO D;&mZwfO D;&mZwfO D;&mZwfO D;&mZwf

ref;bcd ki fref;bcd ki fref;bcd ki fref;bcd ki fref;bcd ki f ' D' kwfOD;bcs d K' D' kwfOD;bcs d K' D' kwfOD;bcs d K' D' kwfOD;bcs d K' D' kwfOD;bcs d K

pyfpHxGef;pyfpHxGef;pyfpHxGef;pyfpHxGef;pyfpHxGef;

O D;tke f;armifO D;tke f;armifO D;tke f;armifO D;tke f;armifO D;tke f;armif&Jabmfud kaxG;&Jabmfud kaxG;&Jabmfud kaxG;&Jabmfud kaxG;&Jabmfud kaxG;

oci f jrocif jrocif jrocif jrocif jr


7

ol&Sdwkef;uawmholwnfaxmifcJhwJh wyfrawmf}uD;[mjynfolomtrd jynfolomtzwyfeJ@jynfol wom;wnf;usaecJ@?

olr&SdwJhaemufwyfrawmfomtrd wyfrawmfomtzjynfolqdkwmppfzdeyfrsm;atmufu teif;cHoJr_efuav;rsm;om?

&Sdwkef;uvJwefbdk;t}uD;rm;qHk;r&SdawmhwJh tcgrSmvJwefbdk;t}uD;rm;qHk;jzpfaeqJ"wpfESpftwGif; 'Drdkua&pD&zdk@""&&if& r&&ifcszdk@"usaemfwdk@qD jyefvmcJhygvm; AdkvfcsKyf&,fvGrf;w,fAs?

ol@udk&&SdcJhvdk@jrefrmjynf[m uHtaumif;qHk;jzpfcJh&ovdk

ol@udkqHk&_H;cJh&vdk@jrefrmjynf[m uHtqdk;qHk;vJjzpfcJhw,f?

ol@vdkrjrifhjrwfwJh acgif;aqmifawGa=umifhjrefrmjynfolawG emusifcHpm;ae=u&ovdk

ol@ordkif;udk csdK;zsufcsifwJh t"<rorm;awGa=umifhjrefrmjynfolawG emusnf;cHjyif;=u&w,f?

ol@vdkr[kwfyJtm%m&Sifudk tvkyfta=uG;jyKwJh ol@om;}uD;a=umifh

jrefrmjynfolawG 0rf;enf;a=uuGJ=u&ovdkol@vdkrsdK;

vlxkbufu xm0&&yfwnfwJh ol@orD;a=umifhjrefrmjynfolawG *k%fwuf&jyefw,f?

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;

atmif'ifZlvdkif 20 / 2011


8

ol@rsufESmudk arm@=unf@wkdif;u|efawmf@&JŒ rmefrmeawG odrfazsm@arS;rSdefoGm;

}uD;jrwfaom ay;qyfpGef@v$wfjcif;rSmvkyf+rJtvkyfwpfckvdk ol&dk;&Sif;wnf+idrfcJ@yHku

toHus,fwJ@ o}uFeftajrmufawGudk t&Suf&apcJ@ol@rsufESmu cufxefrma=umoa,mifa,mif

'gayr,fh ol@&JŒ tm;jyif;wJ@ pdwftvif;a&mifrSmol@&JŒ wnf=unfav;eufjcif;u rJnpfydwfarSmifraecJ@

wkdif;jynfeJ@vlrsdK;udk cspfjcif;vGwfvyfr_eJ@ +idrf;csrf;a&;udk jrwfEkd;jcif;

ol@ESvHk;om;u tJ'Dtm;ESpfckwnf;eJ@ xdefxdefvif;w,ftJ'Dtvif;udk u|efawmf@&ifbwfqD ESvHk;om;csif; csdwfqufpD;ul;u|efawmf@&ifckefoHawG ylaEG;jyif;&Sr_wpfckeJ@ wuf=uGawmufjrL;cJ@ ?

ol@rsufESmudk arm@=unf@wkdif;u|efawmf@&JŒ odrfi,fpdk;xdwfr_awG tm;aysm@uif;pifoGm;

ol@&kyfoGif&JŒ owWd&ouu|efawmf@pdwf"gwfudk qGJ,lxlrw,fol@aoG;awG&JŒ vwfqwfylaEG;r_u

u|efawmf@aoG;a=umawGxJ azmuf0ifpD;qif;w,fu|efawmf@tcef;usOf;av;&JŒ wdwfqdwfr_xJrSm

ol@pum;oHawG toHrJ@yJ@wifxyfwpfom;wnf;usoGm;wJ@ pdwf"gwfcGeftm;eJ@olrufcJ@wJ@ tdyfruf u|efawmf qufrufw,fwpfxyfwnf;usoGm;wJ@ &ifckefoHpnf;csufeJ@

olysdK;cJ@wJ@ wpfyGif@yef; u|efawmf quf vufqif@urf;r,folcspfcJ@aom wkdif;jynf olarSsmfvif@wJ@twkdif; wnfapzkd@

eDapG;jywfom;aom &J&if@jcif;eJ@u|efawmf a&SŒqufcsDwuf xrf;&Gufr,f?

atmifqef; uu|efawmf hudk iHk h}unf haew,f


9

u|efawmfwdk@vrf;&JŒ cufcJ=urf;wrf;r_awGolavSsmufcJ@&wJ@vrf;avmuf qdk;0g;jyif;xefcJ@ovm;

u|efawmfwkd@c&D;&JŒ &_yfaxG;cJ,Of;r_awGolESifcJ@&wJ@c&D;avmuf ayGvDusyfwnf;cJ@ovm;

OD;aESmufawG qla0aygufuGJvkrwwfolawG;ac:wGufcsufcJ@oavmuf

u|efawmfwkd@awG b,fESpfa,mufrsm; tm;xkwfcJ@=uzl;ovJtdyfvJ 'Dpdwf pm;vJ 'Dpdwf oGm;vJ 'DpdwfeJ@

ol pGJpGJvrf;vrf; awmif@w&,lay;cJ@wJ@ vGwfvyfa&;tJ'D...vGwfvyfa&;qkdwmtwGuf

u|efawmfwdk@ ol@avmuf &l;oGyfay;qyfcJ@=u&JŒvm;ar;cGef;awGrsm;pGmu

u|efawmf@&ifudk wGef;xdk;wl;qG=uol@rsufESmudk arm@=unf@wkdif;

u|efawmf@udk,fu|efawmf tm;rvdk tm;r& jzpfrdwkef;yJ ² ?aebkef;vwf

( 64 ESpfajrmuf tmZmenfaeŒ txdrf;trSwf bm;tH tusOf;axmifxJrS *k%fjyKzGJŒqdkygonf?)

Luminary MagazineVolume 5,No.5 1 01 01 01 01 0

10

“pdrf;jr opf&Gufwdk@ a=uGaeqJ ²²²ighrsuf&nf pdkaewkef;aygh ²²² wcsKdŒawG aeEdkifvGef;w,f”

ouU&mZfawGom ordkif;a=umif;udkjyefajymif;ajympwrf;qdk

ridkEdkifawmhvdk@ tHudk wif;wif;}udwfxm;&wJhESif;qDyGifhzwfav;awGta=umif;

usaemfhudk &Sif;jy=uvdrfhr,f tar?

a&$bkef;vlu a&;cJhzl;w,f“tavmif;awmifrS rjrif&rawG@&

b,fae&mrSmrsm; usqHk;cJhovJ nDav;&,f ²²²” wJh?tnDSeH@ axmif;axmif;xaewJh

ausmif;pdrf;ykqdk;av;&,fzkwfwvl;vl; aoG;wpdkpdk

ol¶dkŒ vG,ftdwftdkav;awGuusaemfwkd@udk avSmif&,f=uvdrfhr,f tar?

“&J&ifh ausmufcufwdk@ +ydKaeqJ ²²²ightwGuf tajz&Smaewkef;aygh ²²²

wcsdKŒawGaeEdkifvGef;w,f”

usaemfh&ifxJrSm pum;vHk;wvHk;&SdcJhzl;w,f“tpdrf;&ifh&ifh vJ+ydKusqHk;r_rsm;” wJh ²²²?

b,fawmhrS rdk;ay:axmifrypfbl;qdkwJh owWKjrSm;csufawGypfrSwfA[dkcsnf; a&G;xdwmygyJ tar&,f ²²²?

'Dvrf;ay:uae zJhqif;oGm;ae=u+yD tarusaemfwdk@ csOf;uyfyHkrsm; rSm;aea&mhovm;Asm

vd_if;vHk;}uD;awG wvSdrfhvSdrfh+ydKtqif;wa,mufwvuf ypfazmuf eif;acsvdkuf=uwmav

rdk;vif;awmh ²²²em=unf;cHcuf&wkef;aygh

tkwfcsyfawGvnf; xHk;okwf pdefpD=uwkef;ayghcsKd;iSufuav;awG tawmifE_wfcHae&wkef;aygh

a=u;owWKawGvnf; a=uG&nfokwfjcif; cHae&wkef;aygh

vG,ftdwfwGif;rSyGifhzwfav;rsm;

tartdkawGcrsmvnf;jyefrvm=uawmhr,fh om;orD;awGudkarSsmfaewkef;aygh?

cdkifxl;&JŒoDcsif;wpfyk'frSmusaemf pD;arsm&if;eH&Hay:u "mwfyHkum;csyfudkarmh=unfhrdw,frsufarSmifukwfukwfeJ@AdkvfcsKyf&JŒ wuf wcsufacgufoHusaemfhem;xJ =um;rdvdkufovdkyJtara& ²²²? ?

rm;qdk;(8 / 8 / 2010)

Luminary MagazineVolume 5,No.51 11 11 11 11 1

11

ausmif;om;

cdkif

pmoifcef;udk pGef@ynmudk pGef@

wuUodkvfudk pGef@twWudk pGef@

oHa,mZOfudk pGef@tcspfudk pGef@b0udk pGef@

pGef@jcif;aygif;rsm;pGm //

a0;cJh& trdajrjynfol@b0xJ0if

a&S@wef;u OD;aqmif&J&ifhwJh vkyf&yf

ajymifajrmufwJh owWdb,fEdkifiHrSmrS r&Sd //

acwftqufqufordkif;wav#muf

acwfajymif;vJ rlrajymif;ajymifajrmufpGm yg0if

ykcHk;ay:u wm0efausonf@ordkif;rSm pmwifrnf@

vlxkcspfaom ausmif;om;rsm; //


12

1 21 21 21 21 2

12

jAKwfpAsif;awmif;

qyfjymo,f vifaysmufovdkyJjym,mcwfaewJh b0awGav²²²²²²²

edpP"l0 tv#ifrrSDjcif;awGubmpDvdkemtoif;vdk

tcsdwftqufudkrdvdk h ²²²²²²

tkef;yifawG a&G@pdkufxm;wJhjrdK@twkxJu vltwkawGuawmh

um&mtdkaueJ@ e_wfcrf;eDrav;awGeJ@taysmftwkawG=um;

ol@t&yfeJ@ol@Zmwftpyft[yfudk wnfhvdk@ ²²²²²

ajymygw,f²²²²²tpuwnf;u r&dk;cJhwmygvdk@

tpr&dk;awmh tpdk;r&wmbmqef;vdk@wkef; [kwfbl;vm;²²²²

acgif;aygif; aygif;jyD;xGufvnf;bDvl;uawmh bDvl;ygyJ²²²²

[kwfuJh²²²²rsufvSnfhq&mawGawmifrsufpdvnfwhJ wdkif;jynfrSmusKyfwdk@u vljzpfcJhwmuvm;udk,fhtp udk,fjyef&Smr&wmrsm;0rf;enf;raeprf;ygeJ@Asm²²²²

usKyfwdk@tm;vHk;²²²aygufuGJjcif;awGtcsdwftqufrdwJhwae@abmvHk;orm;awGvdktm;&yg;& atmifyGJcH=ur,fuJ²²² b,fheS,fhvJ²²²²?

N . M . T (nDrif;opf)


13

ppftm%m&Sif wpk&J@vufatmufusqHk;oGm;ol tmZmenfawG&J@

todOm%f&Sd 0dOmOfawGutodw&m;rJh tm%m&Sifvlwpkudk

tdyfrufrufapcJhwm ordkif;wckjzpfapcJhw,f ?

urBmtqufqufu EdkifiHawG&J@ordkif;a=umif;awGxJrSm&J&ifh jywfom;r_&SdvSwJh

ausmif;om;awG&J@vkyf&yf[mwdk@ Armjynf wckom&SdaecJhw,f ?

om;aysmuf&SmaeqJ tarawGb0aysmufae&&SmwJh

rdrJhzrJh uav;awGrdzawG&Sdaeygv#uf

b0rJhae&olawG rsm;jym;aeqJjzpfw,f ?

,SOf+ydKif wdkufyGJ0if=u&rSmjzpfw,f ?

pnf;vHk;jcif;onf cGeftm;wJhckvdkrsdK; wa,mufwuGJeJ@aomufwvGJ xif&mjrif&m pdkif;aerSjzifhudk,fhocsdFKif; udk,fwl; &rSm{uefrvGJ trSefayyJayg@ ? ?

av;av;tdk (Oomajr)

,SOf_ydKifjcif;&J h t"dy`g,f

e0w &J@ pepfqdk;a=umifhb0ysufcJh&wJh rdef;cav;awGaxmifaomif;rucsDvdk@e,fpyfa'owav#mufidkyGJ aoyGJ qifae&wm reJjzpfw,f ?

etz &J@ pepfqdk;a=umifh&[ef;&Sifvl ausmif;om;jynfolawGjynfajy;olykef jzpfcJh=u&jynfwGif;olykef xae&wJh olawGvrf;rxufrSm ckxd wdkufyGJ0ifae=uqJjzpfw,f ?

'DvdkyGJawG[mEdkifEdkif &H_;&H_; qdkwJh,SOf+ydKifwJhyJGrsdK;r[kwfolao udk,f&Sif t+ydKifE$Jvdk@


14

e*dk&SdrS eudkif;xGufwJh pum;yHktwdkif;rif;om;rsufESmzHk; pGyfxm;vnf;bDvl;[m bDvl;ygbJ//

62 ckESpf tm%modrf;+yD;av;veJ h ig;&uf=um rsufESmzHk;c|wfvdk htpG,fxkwfjyvm tJ'g 7 *sLvdkifyg//

EdkifiHtwGuf a&S hwef;u &yfwnfumjynfol htusdK; o,fydk;wm'dk h h h h ausmifom;rsm;&J h ordkif;tpOftvm//

cGyfa'gif;rsm;u uavmifudkcsycHk;ay:u ordkif;ay;wm0eft&+idrf;csrf;pGm qENjyawmif;qdkwmwdkif;jynftwGufyg//

tJ'gudktwWtnSdK;taw;awGeJ h +zdKcGifvdkufyHkrsm;t"dywdvrf; wuUodkvfjrufcif;jyifaoG;pufrsm;pif cGyfa'gif;aoG;rsm;ajrcppfajrjyifvm; rSm;avmufyg&J h//

*sLvdkif 8 &ufAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ocifA[def;ocifoef;xGef; h h h htpjyKwJh EdkifiHom;aumif;rsm;oaE<wnf&m ordkif;tpOftvma&m,SufwJhausmif;om;or*~ taqmufttHkrSmtkwfyHkb0 zsufqD;cH&&Sm //

ESpfpOf*sKvdkifa&mufwdkif;tm%m&Sifrdp>m&dkif;udkwdk;vdk h wdk;vdk h rkef;rdvm //

urBma=uaomfvnf; O'gef;ra=ua[ hcGyfa'gif;pdwf h h h cGyfa'gif;rmefjzifhcE<mpJvnf; h h h 0dOmOfrvJbJ'Drdkua&pDyef;wdkif ta&mufvSrf;&eft"dXmefjyKvdkufw,f h h hausmif;om;tmZmenftaygif;wdk h//

0if;Edkif LIN PO YIN

*sLvdkif cGyfa'gif; 0dOmOf t"dXmef


15

umwGef;rsm;


16

umwGef;rsm;


17

umwGef;rsm;

“*k%fxl;rsm;”


18

oufawmf (73)ESpf/ 0gawmf (53) 0g ajcmufxyf=uD;bk&m;wdkuf/ omoemh*k%f&nfausmif;q&mawmfudk rauG;wdkif;/ *ef@a*gjrdKŒe,f/ tdrfopfaus;&Gmae crnf;awmf (OD;pdefjr)/r,fawmf(a':cspfcdkif) [email protected];csif; 5 a,muf teuf wwd, om;&wem jzpfygonf?

jrefrmouU&pf 1300jynfhESpfwGif arG;zGm;oefŒpifcJhygonf? i,femrnfrSm armifpdk;0if; jzpfjyD;/i,fpOfuyif &SifZ0ebGJ@jzifh udk&if0wfcJhygonf? 1320 ckESpfwGif &[ef;abmifodk@ 0ifa&mufcJhjyD;rEWav;jrdKŒwGif pm0gvdkufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf &efukefjrdKh/ ajcmufxyf=uD; / omoem*k%f&nfausmif;wdkufwGif EdkifiHawmfoHCem,u 'kwd,OuUXq&mawmf t*~r[my¾dw b'NEÎ tm'dpP&HoD xHwGifyÉdywWdpm0grsm; vdkufum ?ausmif;rSmyif oDwif;oHk;cJhygonf?

q&mawmf=uD; b'NEWtm'dpP ys HvGefawmfrl+yD;aemuf omoe*k%f&nfausmif;.ausmif;xdfkifq&mawmftjzpf qufvuf oDwif;oHk; aexdkifvmcJhygonf?q&mawmfrSm =unfndKp&maumif;+yD; at;aq;wnf+idrfpGmjzifh aexdkifavh&Sdygonf? olwyg;0efxkyf0efydk;jzpfrSm vGefpGmpdk;&drfwwf+yD; ysHawmfrlonfhESpftxd qGrf;cHpm;onf? 'um/ 'umrrsm;.ydk@qGrf;udk vufcHavhr&Sdyg?

q&mwmf.xl;jcm;csufrSm &[ef;abmif0ifa&muf+yD;rS tpkd;&rlvwef;ausmif;pmtkyfudkoif,l+yD; Oya'bGJ@ (BA. BL ) &onftxd wuUodkvfynmudk &,lcJholjzpfygonf?

1988 &Spfav;vkH; ta&;tcif;/ 2007 a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&; ponfh ta&;awmfykHwdk@wGif wuf=uGpGm yg0ifvSKyf&Sm;cJh+cif;/ EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;. oma&; ema&; EkdifiHa&; tcrf;tem;rsm;ukdvufcHaqmif&GufcJh+cif;a=umifh ppftpkd;&tm%mykdifrsm; apmifh=unfh+cif;cH&um q&mawmf.ausmif;udkyg csdwfydwf+cif; cH&onf?q&mawmfonf 1990 ckESpfu ppftpdk;&udk ywWedwUKZeoydwfarSmufuHaqmifojzif h ppftpk d;&u zrf;qD;axmifcsjcif; cHcJ h&onfhtjyif/ 2007a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&; tvGefwGifvnf; xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf?

ysHvGefawmfrlcsdeftxd ppftpkd;&. vdkufvH zrf;qD;aESmifh,Sufr_rsm;a=umifh ykef;atmif;aexkdifcJ h&+yD; aq;0g;ukocH,lcGif h aumif;pGmr&cJ honfhtwGuf tqkwfuifqma&m*guk d+yif;+yif;xefxefcHpm;&if; Zlvkdif 7 &uf 2011 / n (8) em&D tcsdefwGif &efukef+rKd h a+cmufxyf=uD;bk&m;=uD;wkduf/ omoeaZmwduausmif;wGif ysHvGefawmfrlcJhygonf?

omoemh*k%f&nfq&mawmf b'NEWZ0e (1939 - 2011).ax&kywWd tusOf;

Zlvdkif 13 / 2011

t&SifynmeEN

ESm*g&

pm0

jyK rsuf1939 - 2011

b'NEWZ0e


19

2007ckESpf a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;umvtwGif; yxrqkH; ppfwyf/ =uHhzGwf eJ@pGrf;tm;&SifawG 0ifa&muf pD;eif;zrf;qD;cH&wJh &efukef+rK d h a+cmufxyf=uD; bk&m;=uD;wkduf/omoemh*k%f&nfausmif;q&mawmf b'NEWZ0erax&f+rwf=uD;[m Zlvkdif 7 &uf 2011 n 8 em&DtcsdefrSm b0ewfxHysHvGefawmfrla=umif; od&vkd@ rsm;pGmESa+rmwoa=uuGJ&ygw,f?

'Dq&mawmf=uD;[m 1988ta&;tcif;umvu pvkd@ ysHvGefawmfrlwJhtxd +refrm+ynfppftm%m&Sifpepfatmufu vGwfa+rmufa&;twGuf 'l;raxmuf/ vufra+rSmufbJ wkdufyGJ0ifoGm;wJhq&mawmf=uD;yg? q&mawmf=uD;[m at;aq;wnf+idrfpGm aeavh&SdayrJhtvGefowWdaumif;wJhq&mawmfwyg;vnf;+zpfygw,f?

88ta&;tcif;+yD;umvaemufykdif; ppftpkd;&tm%mykdifawGu twkduftcHEkdifiHa&;orm;awGukd tzrf;tqD;=urf;=urf;eJ@ apmifh=unfhaewJhtcsdefumvrSm q&mawmf&Jhausmif;rSm rif;ukdEkdif/ukdukd=uD; pwJhausmif;om;awGeJ@ tzGJ@tpnf;aygif;pkHuEkdifiHa&;orm;awGukd ra=umufr&GH@ vufcH&JwJhq&mawmf=uD;yg?

Ek di fi Ha&;orm;awG&J h bmoma&;tcrf;tem;awG/ Ek di fi Ha&;tcrf;tem;awGuk dq&mawmf=uD;ausmif;rSm usif;yavh&Sdwmrkd@ tm%mykdifawG rsufpdpyg;arG;pl;+yD; apmifh=unfhcH&w Jhausmif;vnf; +zpfygw,f? &efukefEk difiHa&;avmurSm omoema&;udpPrsm;eJ@ Ek difiHa&;udpPrsm;ukdppftpkd;&zdtm;ay;aewJh=um;xJu ra=umufr&GH@ vufcHaqmif&Gufay;wJh &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;ausmif;qkdvkd@omoemh*k%f&nfausmif;eJ@ tjcm;vufcsLd;a&vdk@&wJh ausmif; tenf;i,fyJ &Sdwmyg?

q&mawmf=uD;[m tvGefowWdaumif;+yD; a+zmifhrwf wnf=unfol+zpfovkd EkdifiHa&;orm;awGukdvnf; tvGefu&k%mxm;+yD; ulnDapmifha&SmufawmfrlcJhygw,f? wcgu ppftpkd;&tm%mykdifawGq&mawmfausmif ;a&mufvm+y D ; E k di fi Ha&;e J @yufoufolawG& J h bmoma&;udp PawGuk dvufcHaqmif&Gufray;zk d @ avSsmufxm;zl;ygw,f? q&mawmf=uD;u w&m;0iftrdef@pmxkwf+yD;wm;+rpf&if vufcHr,f a+ymvkdufvkd@ tm%mykdifawG pdwfqkd;a'goxGuf+yD; +yefoGm;zl;ygw,f?tJvkd owWdaumif;wJhq&mawmfyg?

2007 a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&; +zpfawmh q&mawmfeJ@ q&mawmfausmif;u oHCmawG[m wufwuf=uG=uG yg0ifcJhwma=umifh bkef;=uD;ausmif;awGukd ppfwyfu 0ifa&mufpD;eif;wJhtcgrSm yxrOD;pm;ay;t+zpf owfrSwfcH&+yD; t&ifOD;qkH; tpD;teif;cHcJh&ygw,f? q&mawmfhausmif;u oHCmtm;vkH; zrf;qD;+yD;/ bkef;=uD;ausmif;u tzkd;wefypPnf;awGukdvnf; odrf;,loGm;cJhwmcktcsdeftxd +yefr&ao;yg? oHCmtm;vkH; tif;pdef GTI ppfa=uma&;pcef;rSm vl0wfvJcH&ygw,f?q&mawmf=uD;uawmh tzrf;tqD;cH&r,fhab;u oDoDav;vGwfa+rmufcJh+yD; 'um/ 'umrawG&JhtdrfawGrSm +zpfovkd qif;qif;&J&JeJ@ ykef;atmif; aexkdifcJh&ygw,f?

q&mawmf&Jhausmif;u oHCmawGukd ukvor*~ukd,fpm;vS,f (Mr. Ganbari)

tmZmenfoHCmt&Si fjrwfomoemh*k%f&nfq&mawmf OD;Z0e (1939 -2011) odk@ O D;n$wfjci f;

ESm*g&

pm0

jyK rsuf1939 - 2011

b'NEWZ0e


20

+refrm+ynfvmwJhc&D;pOftwGif;rSm v$wfay;cJhayr,fh ausmif;ukdawmh ,cktcsdeftxd csdwfydwfxm;qJyg?q&mawmf[m ysHvGefawmfrlcsdeftxd ausmif;+yefvnf&&Sda&;twGuf ppftpkD;&tm%mykdifawGxHawmif;yefcJh+cif;r&Sdovkd ol@b0wavsmufvkH; ppftpkd;&tm%mykdifawGeJ huif;uif;&Sif;&Sif; aexkdifcJhwJhxl;+cm;wJh q&mawmf=uD;vnf; +zpfygw,f?

q&mawmf=uD;[m ol@twGufeJ holwyg;0efxkyf0efykd;+zpfrSm pkd;&drfwwf+yD; ysHvGefawmfrlwJhtxd qGrf;cHbkef;ay;avh&Sdygw,f? EkdifiHa&;orm;awGukdvnf; tvGefcspfcif/ oem;wwf+yD; ausG;arG;apmifha&SmufulnDwwfygw,f? ol@b0wavsmufvkH; trsKd;/ bmom/ omoemawmftwGufaqmif&GufcJhygw,f?

ykef;vsKd;uG,fvsKd;eJ@ e,faygif;pkHrSm aexkdifcJh&wJhtwGuf ol@&Jhusef;rma&;ukdawmh*&krpkdufEkdifcJhyg? tJovkdaexkdifcJh&wJhtwGuf usef;rma&;ta+ctaeqkd;0g;vmcJh+yD; tqkwfa0'ema&m*gukd +yif;xefpGmcHpm;&if; 2011ckESpf/ Zlvkdif 7 &ufae@/ (1373)ckESpf/ 0gqkdvqef; 10&uf n 8em&D tcsdefrSm a+cmufxyf=uD; omoemhaZmwdum&kHausmif;wkdufrSm b0ewfxH ysHvGefawmfrloGm;cJh&ygw,f?

q&mawmf=uD;&Jh tEWdrpsmyetcrf;tem;ukd &efukefema&;ulnDrSKtoif;u OD;ausmfolwkd@u wm0ef,laqmif&Gufae+yD; a&a0;ok\efrSm rD;o+*Kd[frSm+zpfygw,f?

ppftpkd;&tm%mykdifawGukd ra=umufr&GH@/ 'l;raxmuf vufra+rSmuf t&SKH;ray;yJys HvGefawmfrlwJhtxd =uHh =uH hcH &ifqdkifoGm;wJh q&mawmf b'NEœ Z0erax&f+rwf=uD;ukd'Daqmif;yg;wkdav;eJ haemufqkH; ylaZmfuefawmhvkdufygw,fbk&m;? ?

ESm*g&

pm0

jyK rsuf1939 - 2011

b'NEWZ0e

t&SifynmeEN

q&mawmf. psmyejrifuGif;


21

wkdif;jynfwpfjynf zHG@jzdK;wkd;wufzkd@ bmtvkdtyfqHk;vJvkd@ ar;&if uJGjym;jcm;wJh tajzawGtrsm;=uD; xGufay:vm ekdifygw,f? ukd,fhtjrifeJ@ukd,fajz=urSmygyJ? onfvkdar;cGef;rsKd;twGuftajzrSefwpfckwnf; ru trsm;=uD; &Sdekdifw,fAs? okd@aomf tvkdtyfqHk;qkdwJh tqHk;pGef ta&;=uD;qHk;ukdajymr,fqkd&ifawmh 0d0g'awG uJGekdifw,f?

usGefawmfuawmh rdrd&JŒavhvmr_rsm;ukd tajcjyKjyD; t,ltq wpfckukd wifjycsifw,f?onfae&mrSm zHG@jzdK;wkd;wufzkd@ vkdtyfwJh wkdif;jynf qkdwmukd t&ifqHk;t"dy`g,fzGifh &vdrfhr,f?tzufzufu acwfaemufususef&pfwJh ekdifiHrsKd; qkdygpkd@? (bma=umifh tJovkd"m;raemufydwfacG;jzpfae&ovJ qkdwmukd xnfhrajymawmhbl;? tJo[m xnfhajymae&if vkd&if; a&mufrSm r[kwfvkd@yg?)

zHG@jzdK;wkd;wufr_ tvGeftrif;aemufusaewJh wkdif;jynfqkdwm ekdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;u¾awGom ru ynma&;/ usef;rma&; ,Ofaus;r_u¾awGyg tppt&m&m edrfhusaewmukdqkdvkdygw,f? ,Ofaus;r_ u¾&JŒ atmufrSm pdwf"mwfa&;&myg ygw,fAs?

usGefawmf=unfndKav;pm;wJh ppf=udKacwf ekdifiHa&;orm;=uD; ocif 0wifukd tm;usjyD;edrfhuswJh pdwf"mwfawGukd (avmueJ@ vlom; pmtkyfxJrSm a&;cJhwJh) ocif0wifpwkdifeJ@ o&kyfcGJ=unhfwJhtcg--

trSwfonf;ajc r&SdwJh pdwf"gwf/a&omcdk tacsmifvkdufcsifwJh pdwf"gwf/ &vSsif bezl; okdufwl;r,f qkdwJh pdwf"gwf/rkd;&Gmwkef; a&cHxm;rS qkdwJh pdwf"gwf/

AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vkd acgif;aqmifrsKd;armif0Ho

ESm*g&

pm0

jyK rsuf64ESpfajrmuf

tmZmenfae h


22

o,folaoao iawrm&if jyD;a&mqkdwJh pdwf"gwf/txufzm; atmufzd udEM&mu ucsifwJh pdwf"gwf/rsufeSm=uD;&m [if;zwfygcsifwJh pdwf"gwf/ae&mwum a&vkdfufig;vkdfuf vkyfrSqkdwJh pdwf"gwf/,lawmh jyKH;jyKH; awmif;awmhrkef; pdwf"gwf/rw&m;r_udk ikH@cHwJh pdwf"gwf/aemufuG,fusrS twif;ajymwJh pdwf"gwf/qifra=umuf&if zdeyfjzpfoGm;r,f qkdwJh pdwf"gwf/a=umufwwf&if 0efuif;w,f qkdwJh pdwf"gwf/vmr,fhab; a0;a0;a&Smif qkdwJh pdwf"gwf/eSrf;wpfvkH;eJ@ qDrjzpfygbl; qkdwJh pdwf"gwf/rkd;cg;a& vkdufaomufr,f qkdwJh pdwf"gwf/ekdifr,fxifwJh bufu avS=uKHpD; csifwJh pdwf"gwf/ol@qefpm; &JrS qkdwJh pdwf"gwf/urBmrD;avmif om;orD;awmif cseif;r,f qkdwJh pdwf"gwf/aiGrsm; w&m;ekdifw,f/ aiG&SdrS vl&m0ifw,f qkdwJh pdwf"gwf/tm%m&Sdol OpPmaygoludk rsufeSmvkd rsufeSm& vkyfcsifwJh pdwf"gwf/ekdifiHa&;qkdwm &GHa=umufp&m a0;pGm a&Smif&Sm; ab;uif;jim; qkdwJh pdwf"gwfawGudk

awG@&ygw,fAsm?jynfolawG=um;rSm r&Sdoifh r&SdxkdufwJh edrfuspdwf"gwfawG ul;pufjyef@yGm;aewmukd tJ'Dvkd

pdwf"gwfawG[m raumif;ygbl;/ y,f=uyg/pGef@=uygvkd@ ajymae a[mae&HkeJ@uawmh a[m&if;omysHvGefawmf rloGm;r,fqkdwmrsdK; =uHK&rSmyJAs?'grsdK;u trdef@tm%meJ@ vkyfvkd@&wmrsdK;vnf; r[kwfbl;?

raumif;wJhpdwf"gwfawGudk jyKjyifzkd@qkdwm aumif;wJhpdwf"gwfawGeJ@ tpm;xdk;rS jzpfekdifwmyg?pdwf"gwfawG aumif;vmzkd@qkdwmuvnf; pdwf"gwf aumif;awG ay:xGef;vmekdifwJh b0tajcaersdK;udkydkifqkdifrS jzpfr,fvkd@ usGefawmf ,kH=unfw,f?

aemuf wpfcsufuawmh arSsmfvifhcsuf &Sdaew,f qkdwJh ,Hk=unfudk;pm;ekdifr_ jzpfygw,f?tJ'D ,kH=unfukd;pm;r_[m acgif;aqmifr_tay:rSm t"du wnfygw,f?Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;acgif;aqmifr_udk wkdif;jynfu &&SdcJhwJhtcsdefrSm jynfolawG[m arSsmfvifhcsuf tjynfhxm;&Sdekdif=uw,f?

zufqpf *syefawGudk AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; acgif;aqmifr_eJ@ awmfvSefcsdefrSm wpfekdifiHvkH;jynfol tm;vkH;u axmufcH cJ h =uw,f?ppf=uD; jyD;vk d@ eSvk H;&nfwkdufyG JeJ@ vGwfvyfa&;awmif;qkdcsdefrSmvnf; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;aemufu jynfolwpf&yfvkH; &yfwnf cJh=uw,f?

awmifwef; a'o wkdif;&if;om;nDtpfudkawGeJ@ twl vGwfvyfa&;udk pnf;pnf; vkH;vkH;&,ljyD; jynfaxmifpk=uD; zG J@pnf;zk d@ yifvkHpmcsKyf csKyfqkdawmhvnf; Ak dvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@wnDwnGwfwnf; oabmwl cJh=uw,f?

'ga=umihf zGHŒ jzdK;qJ ekdifiHwpfekdifiH &JŒ wkd;wuf atmifjrifr_twGuf tvkdtyfqHk;[macgif;aqmifr_vkd@ usGefawmf aumufcsuf qGJrdygw,f?AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vkd acgif;aqmifrsdK;udkwkdif;jynfu &&SdcJhcsdef[m uHtaumif;qkH; tcsdefygyJ?acgif;aqmifaumif; wpfa,muf[m jynfolawG&JŒ


23

pHerlem jzpfvm&if ol@&JŒ pdwf"gwfawGyg jynfolawGqD ul;pufoGm;ygw,f? odk@tm;jzifh wpfaoG;wpfom; wnf;vkd jzpfoGm; ygw,f?

acgif;aqmifr_eJ@ pyfvsOf;vkd@ pmzwfolrsm; pOf;pm;ekdifzkd@ usGefawmfeSpfouf oabmuswJhtqkdtrdef@ wcsdKŒudk a0rSsvkdufygw,f?

All of the great leaders have had one characteristic in common: it was

the willingness to confront unequivocally the major an»iety of their people in

their time. This, and not much else, is the essence of leadership.

-John Kenneth Galbraith, US economist (1908-2006) ,The Age of Uncertainty.

=uD;jrwfwJh acgif;aqmiftm;vkH;rSm wlnDwJh p&kdufvuQ%m wpfck&Sdw,f? tJ'guawmholwkd@vufxufrSm jynfolawG&JŒ t"du pdk;&drfaomuawGudk jywfjywfom;om; xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;ay;zkd@ tav;xm;wmjzpfw,f?- *sGefuufeuf *g;b&dwf?

The real leader has no need to lead –he is content to point the way.

–Henry Miller (1981-1980)

acgif;aqmif tppf[m a&SŒuOD;aqmif oGm;zkd@ rvkdbl;? oGm;&r,fh vrf;udk n$efjywwfzkd@yJvkdw,f?-[ife&Darvm?

People ask the difference between a leader and a boss… The leader

works in the open, and the boss in covert. The leader leads˜ and the boss

drives.–Theodore Rossevelt

acgif;aqmifeJ@ vkyfief;&Sif olaX; bmuGmovJvkd@ ar;wwf=uw,f? tajzuawmhacgi;faqmif[m ay:ay:xifxifvkyfw,f? olaX;u =udwfvkyfw,f? acgif;aqmif u a&SŒuOD;aqmifw,f? olaX;u aemufuae armif;w,f?-oD,kd'dk&kpAJh?

The final test of a leader is that he leaves behind him in other men the

conviction and the will to carry on… The genius of a good leader is to leave

behind him a situation which common sense without the grace of genius,can

deal with successfully.

–Walter Lippmann

acgi;faqmifwpfa,mufudk aemufqkH;prf;oyfcsufuawmh olr&SdawmhwJhaemuf usefcJholawGqDrSm ,kH=unfcsufeJ@ ol@tvkyfawGudk qufvkyfawGudk qufvkyfoGm;zkd@ qEN csefxm;cJhekdif ovm;qkdwmyJ?acgi;faqmifaumif; wpfa,muf&JŒ yg&rDqkdwm Om%ftxl; okH;p&m rvkdbJomreftodrSseJ@atmifatmifjrifjrif qufvkyf oGm;ekdifwJh tajctae wpf&yfudk csefxm;cJhekdifjcif; jzpfw,f?-a0:wm vpfyfrif;?

“A leader takes people where they want to go.A great leader takes

people where they don’t necessarily want to go, but ought to be. – Rosalynn

Carter

acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf[m vlawGudk olwkdf@oGm;csifwJh ae&mudk ac:oGm;w,f? =uD;jrwfwJhacgif;aqmifusawmh vlawGvkH;0 roGm;csifwJh ae&m/ oGm;zkd vkdtyfwJhae&mudk ac:oGm;w,f?-&dkZvif; umwm?

(jynfol@acwf*sme,f twJG 1 trSwf 49 30 ZGef 2011) armif0Ho22 / 6 / 2011


24

Zlvdkif 7 &uf = 7 &ufZlvdkif rarhedkifwJh ausmif;om;ordkif; xm0pOf eD

‘ Zlvdkif 7 &uf- 7 &ufZlvdkif — rarhedkifwJh ausmif;om;ordkif; xm0pOf eD - -’ qdkwJhpmom;[m 7 &ufZlvdkifta&;awmfykHudk*k%fjyKpyfqdkxm;wJh oDcsif;wyk'fxJu pmom;wa=umif;yg?[kwfygw,f/ ‘qJAif;Zlvdkif (ac: ) 7 &ufZlvdkifta&;awmfykH}uD;’[m Armjynf&J@ausmif;om;vSKyf&Sm;rSKordkif;rSm ausmif;om;ordkif;rSm b,fawmhrS arhaysmufvdk hr&edkifwJh/ arhazsmufcsefvSyfausmfv$m;oGm; vdk h r&edkifwJh/ tjrJxm0& eD aer,fh ta&;awmfykHrSwfwdkif}uD;wckygyJ?

ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;rausnmedkifcif udkvdkeDacwfwavsmufudk c%xm;// vGwfvyfa&;ausnmjyD;p acwfwavsmuftwGif;rSmudk/ ausmif;om;vSKyf&Sm;rSKordkif;a=umif;wavsmufrSmta&;tcif;eJ hta&;awmfykHawG ay:aygufcJhwm ta&twGufawmfawmfrsm; rsm;- ( Oyrmtm;jzifhatmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfta&;awmfykH/ [,f&Dwefta&;tcif;-pojzifh pojzifh-) &SdcJhygvsuf/

wedkifiHvkH; vSnf;aeavSatmif; jrif;aZmif;rusefyg0ifqifEGJcJh}uwJh ‘1350jynfh ta&;awmfykH(&Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykH}uD;)’rwdkifciftxdtwGif;/ Adkvfae0if;ppftm%m&Siftkyfpdk;rSK acwfwavsmuftwGif;rSmudk / wjcm;aom ta&twGufrenf;vSwJh ausmif;om;vSKyf&Sm;rSKawG/ ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm; -( Oyrmtm;jzifh - u|ef;qG,fta&;tcif;/ wuUodkvfa&$&wkvSKyf&Sm;rSK/ OD;oef hpsmyeta&;tcif;/ 75 ZGef 6 ausmif;om;oydwf / pojzifh pojzifh ) &SdcJh ay:aygufcJhygvsuf/ qJAif;*sLvdkif (ac: ) 7 &ufZlvdkifta&;awmfykH}uD;[m wjcm;aom ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;ta&;awmfykHawGxufudk ydkrdkpl;&S ay:vGifjyD;/ ydkrdkxl;jcm;wJh teuft"dy`g,fawG &Sdaew,fvdk h,lqrdygw,f? bmha}umifhvJ h h h

(b,fvdkawG jzpfysufcJh=uw,f/ b,fvdkawG &uf&ufpufpufowfjzwfcHcJh=u&w,f/ppftpdk;&[m b,fvdkawG rdkufrdkuf&kdif;&kdif; ,kwfrm&rf;um;cJhw,f h h h qdkwmawGeJ hywfoufjyD;/tjzpftysuf&J h jzpfpOfawGta}umif;udk rSwfwrf;wif=u ajym=uqdk=u a&;om;cJh}uwmawGuawmh(jynfhpk HvkHavmufjyDvdk h rqdked kifao;wJhwdkifatmif)/awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &SdaejyDjzpfwJhtwGufusaemfuawmh'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;&J h xl;jcm;wJh0daooawGudk 'Dae&mrSm edkifiHa&;zufuaeyJ&_@jrifaz: jy=unfhcsifygw,f)

7&uf Zlvdkifta&;awmfykH}uD;[m Armjynfppftm%m&Sifpepfudk aAGaqmfOD;pwifwdkufyGJqifcJhwJh ta&;awmfykHjzpfw,f//

0if;wifhxGef;


25

ygvDref'Drdkua&pDpepfudk ajrjrSKyfoj*FdKvfypfjyD;/ vufeufeJ ht=urf;zuftm%modrf;,lumAdkvfae0if;acgif;aqmifwJhppftkyfpk[m 1962ckESpf rwfv(2)&ufae hrSm Armjynfppftm%m&Sifpepfudkpwifxlaxmifvm&mrSm / ppftpdk;&&J hw&m;rsSwrSK vkH;0r&SdwJhtrdef htm%mawGudk &J&J&ifh&ifhjyefvnfwkH hjyefqef husifuef huGufjyo}u&mu ppftm%m&Sif&l;awG&J h }udKwiftpDtpOf&Sd&Sd,kwfrm&ufpufrSKawGa}umifh 'Dta&;awmfykH}uD; jzpfay:vmcJh&wm jzpfw,f?

ppfwyftm%modrf;wufvmjyD; (4)vausmfausmfav;t}umrSmyJ 'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;ay:xGef;cJh&wmjzpfwJhtwGuf/ 'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;[m Armjynfppftm%m&Sifpepfudk aAGaqmfOD; qef@usiftHwkjycJ hwJ h awmfvSefwJ hta&;awmfyk H }uD; jzpfw,f? ord ki f ;0if ta&;awmfyk H }uD;jzpfoGm;w,f?'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;[m ppftpdk;&&J h rqvqdk&S,fvpfrsufESmzkH;udk yxrqkH;qGJc|wfjyvdkufedkifwJh ta&;awmfykH}uD;jzpfw,f/

Adkvfae0if;acgif;aqmifwJh ppftpdk;&[m tm%modrf;wufvmjyD; r=umrD/ &SdaewJhedkifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ htpnf;tiftm;pkawGtygt0if jynfolvlxk}uD;w&yfvkH;udk vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;edkifzdk@jrefrmhenf; jrefrmh[efeJ hqdk&S,fvpfpepfudk wnfaqmufzdk hqdkjyD;/ 1962 ckESpf Zlvdkif (4)&ufae hrSmyJ‘jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpf vrf;pOfygwD ( rqv ygwD )udk pwifxlaxmifcJh&mrSm rqvygwDpwifxlaxmifay:aygufvmjyD; (3)&uft=umrSm ‘7 &ufZlvdkif ta&;awmfykH}uD;’ ay:aygufvmcJh&wmjzpfygw,f?

Adkvfae0if;ppftpdk;&[m rqvygwDudk xlaxmifvdkufjyD; “ acwfajymif;awmfvSefa&;}uD;udkqifEGJr,ff/ om,m0ajymaom vl habmifopf}uD;udkra&muf a&mufatmifoGm;r,f/ pmemrSKnSmwmaxmufxm;rSK ponfhaumif;jrwfaomw&m;ESifh jArRpdk&fw&m;rsm; xGef;um;edkifwJh vl@abmifopf}uD;qD csDwufoGm;a&mufr,f “ vdk h wzufu a}uG;a=umfjrnf[nf;jyaewkef;rSmyJ/ tjypfrJhwJhedkifiHhtnGef htzl; ausmif;om;awGudk aoG;acsmif;pD;atmif &uf&ufpufpufowfjzwfusL;vGefjyvdkufwmjzpfwJhtwGuf/ ppftpdk;&&J ha}uG;a}umfaecsufawG[m Avmpum;awGomjzpfw,f/ vufawG huawmhvlowform;awGomjzpfw,f/ qdkwmudk rD;armif;xdk;jyvdkufovdkjzpfoGm;jyD;/ ppftpdk;&&J hrqvrsufESmzkH;pGyfudk qGJc|wfjyvdkufbdouJhodk h bGm;bGm;}uD; ay:vGifoGm;apcJhygw,f? 'ga=umifh'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;[m ppftpdk;&&Jhrqvqdk&S,fvpftwkta,mifrsufESmzkH;atmufu tpG,fjyL;jyL;aoG;pdrf;&Sif&Sifwu,fhbDvl;&kyftppftrSefudk qGJc|wf jyovdkufedkifwJh ta&;awmfykH}uD;jzpfygw,f?

'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;[m ordkif;rSm h h h awmfvSefolvm;/ azgufjyefolvm; /pnf;jcm; rSwfwrf;wifay;edkifcJhwJh ta&;awmfykHjzpfw,f/

ppftpdk;&[m 'Davmuf&uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwfESdyfuGyfjycJhwm vufawG hrsufawG@jrifae& wmawmif/ wzufu qdk&S,fvpfteH hay;xm;rSKa}umifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ yk*~dKvfa&;tvdk&rRuf arsSmfvifhcsufawGa}umifhaomfvnf;aumif; trSefw&m;udkrjrifedkifyJ/ 'grSr[kwfrsufuG,fjyKcJh}u&if; oabmxm;rrSef}uolawG/ &yfwnfcsufrcdkifrmcJh}uolawG/ pHaoGcJh}uolawGtxift&Sm;•ay:aygufvmcJh=u&mrSm- ‘ 'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;tay: b,fvdkoabmxm;ovJ/oabmxm;rvJ ’qdkwm ta&;ygwJh rSwfausmufar;cGef;wck jzpfvmcJh&ygw,f? wpkHw&mwdk;wufygw,f-wdk;wufwJhvuf0J0g' udk vufcHudkifpGJygw,fvdk hqdkcJh}uwJh yrnwtzGJ h}uD;xJuyrnwacgif;aqmif}uD;wa,muf[m/ 'Dta&;awmfyk H }uD;jyD;p-'Dta&;awmfyk H }uD;tay:b,fvdkoabmxm;rvJ-vdk hajymqdkaqG;aEG;}uwJh yrnwtpnf;ta0;yGJwcktwGif;rSm/ “Adkvfae0if;acgif;aqmifwJh awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&[m qdk&S,fvpfa&;qDa&S h&SK hjyD; qdk&S,fvpf


26

vrf;a}umif;twdkif;oGm;zdk h vkyfaqmifaewmjzpfwJhtwGuf 'D 7 &ufZlvdkifta&;tcif;[m qdk&S,fvpfoaE<om;udk om;avsSmatmif vkyfwJh vkyf&yf”vdk hqdkvdkufawmh/ 'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;&J@ bufuaejywfjywfom;om;&yfwnfjycJhwJh OD;cifarmifjrifh (jynfol hwdk;wufa&;ygwD )u csufcsif;uef@ uGufcJh&if;‘ocif— &J h'Doabmxm;ajym}um;csufudk rSwfwrf;wifay;yg’ vkH;0vufrcHedkifygbl;- vdk hwkHhjyefacsycJh&ygw,f? 'Da&;awmfykH}uD;tay: tJ'Dvdk rwluGJjym;pGm oabmxm;cJh}uol awG&J@jzpfpOfawGuae-

rqv (26)ESpfwmumvtwGif; b,folawG b,fvdkjzpfay:oGm;}uovJqdkwmZmwfaygif;=unfhvdkuf r,fqdk&if h h h ta&;awmfykH}uD;tay: oabmxm;rrSefuefcJholawG[m rqv&J@acG;uwuf&if;u yk*~dKvfawG/ rqv&J haus;awmfrsdK; u|efawmfrsdK;awGtjzpf ordkif;rSm rsufESmrvSZmwfodrf;oGm;=u&jyD;/ ta&;awmfyk H }uD;zufu &yfcH&yfwnfaz: jyoGm;cJ h =uolawGuawmhrqvppftpdk;&udk qufvufqef@ usiftHwkoGm;cJh=u&if; ol&Jaumif;awG awmfvSefolawGtjzpfurŠnf;armfuGef;wifoGm;cJh=uwm awG@edkifygw,f? 'ga=umifh'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;[m ordkif;rSmawmfvSefolvm; h h h azgufjyefolvm;h h h hpnf;jcm;owfrSwfay;vdkufwJh/ ordkif;tcsdK;tauG hwck&J hrSwfausmufwckozG,fvJ jzpfcJhygw,f?

'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;[m cGyfa'gif;awG&J h awmifyHcwfoHwzswfzswfudk wausmhjyef wausmhjyef/ tzefzeftxyfxyf tjrJrjywfapedkifavmufatmifyJhwifaqmifedkifpGrf;tm; tvGef}uD;rm;vSwJhta&;awmfykH}uD;jzpfw,f/ Armjynf ausmif;om;vSKyf&Sm;rSKordkif;rSm trSefw&m;twGuf jynfolvlxktwGufausmif;om;xk&J hw&m;rsSwwJh tcGifhta&;eJ h&ydkifhcGifhawGtwGuf/ azgufjyefwJhtkyfpdk;ol tqufqufudkjyefvnfwGef;vSef qef husif tHwk wdkufyGJqifcJh}uwJh *k%fajymifwJh ausmif;om;vSKyf&Sm;rSK eJ hausmif;om;wdkufyGJawG/ ta&;awmfykHeJ hta&;tcif;awG/ acwfwdkif;vdkvdk ay:aygufcJhwm awmfawmfrsm;rsm;&SdcJhygw,f? tm;vkH;[m ol hacwf ol humvtavsmuf ol htwdkif;twmeJ hol armfuGef;wifurŠnf;xdk;xm;&r,fh ta&;ygwJhwdkufyGJawGcsnf;jzpfygw,f? 'DtxJrSmrS - 7 &ufZlvdkifta&;awmfykH}uD;&J hxl;jcm;csufuawmh/ awmfvSefwJhausmif;om;xk&J hESvkH;om;xJrSm eufeuf&SdKif;&SdKif;udkpl;0ifaejyD;/ 'Dae h'D&uf 'Dtcsdefa&mufavwdkif;-‘qJAif; Zlvdkif-qJAif;Zlvdkif’qdkwJhtoH[m wdkufyGJac:oHyrm yJhwifxyfaeapcJhwm/ ‘ausmif;om;rsdK;quftqifhqifhrSonf / uae hxufwdkifatmif’ygyJ? ESpfpOf ESpfwdkif;vdkvdkrSm-‘7 &uf Zlvdkif vSKyf&Sm;rSKawG’ toGiftrsdK;rsdK;eJ h &Sifoefay:aygufaeavh&SdjyD;/cGyfa'gif;awmifyHcwfoH wzswfzswfudk wausmhjyefwausmhjyef jyefvnf}um;& em;axmif&avh&Sdygw,f? 'Dta&;awmfykH}uD; ay:aygufcJh&wJh 1962ckESpf Zlvdkif(7)&ufae haemufydkif;upjyD;ESpfpOfESpfwdkif;vdkvdk ykHo¾meftrsdK;rsdK;eJ hae&mtrsdK;rsdK;uae txdrf;trSwfjyK}u/ owdw&&SdaeapcJh=uwm od}uwJhtwdkif;ygyJ?

1977 ckESpf Zlvdkif (7)&ufae hwkef;uqdk&if ‘7-7-77’ cGefav;vkH;ta&;awmfykHtxday:aygufatmif OD;wnfvSKyf&Sm;cJh}uzl;wmawG &Sdovdk/ tJ'Dwkef;u wdk;wufwJh pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;uae / pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfESpfvnfr*~Zif;ud k teufa&miftzk H; }uD;eJ hyJxkwfa0cJhwmawGvJ &Sdygw,f? 1978ckESpfxJrSmvJ pufrSKwuUodkvfausmif;0if;twGif;uae/ 7&ufZlvdkifESpfywfvnfvSKyf&Sm;rSKtjzpf/ ‘7 &ufZlvdkif’ae hrSm tpDtpOf&Sd&Sd wdkufyGJac:oHay;jyD;oydwfay:atmifazgufcGJvSKyf&Sm;jycJh}u&if; rqvppftpdk;&&J hzrf;qD;axmifcscHcJ h&olawGvJ


27

ay:aygufcJh&zl;ygw,f? 'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;ay:aygufcJhwm aemufESpfqdk&if ESpf(50)wif;wif;jynfhawmhrSmjzpfygw,f? 1962-7 &ufZlvdkifwkef;u vlrjzpfcJh}uao;wJh touf(50)atmuf ausmif;om;vli,frsdK;quftqifhqifhawGtwGif;rSma&m/ uae hrS ausmif;om;tjzpf jzwfoef;ae=u&olvuf&SdrsdK;qufausmif;om;vli,fawGtwGif;rSmyg- ‘7 &uf Zlvdkif’ ‘qJAif;Zlvdkif’ qdkwJhtoHudk=um;vdkuf&avwdkif;/ w&m;rsSwrSKudk vdkvm;wJh/ edk;=um;wJh ausmif;om;rSefor#/ &ifckefvSKyf&Sm;=u&wkef;/ cGyfa'gif;aoG;awG w&dyf&dyf jrifhwufedk;}uGvm&wkef;jzpfovdk/ cGyfa'gif;awmifyHcwfoHwzswfzswfudk twdwfawmpyfuae ypPKyefajrtxd }um;ae jrifae vSKyf&Sm;ae=u&wkef;jzpfygw,f?'ga}umif h'Dta&;awmfyk H }uD;[m (&Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfyk H }uD;uvGJ&if-)cGyfa'gif;awmifyHcwfoHwzswfzswfeJ h txyfxyftzefzef yJhwifoHvSdKif;tm; tjrifhrm;qkH;aom ta&;awmfykH}uD;vdk@vJowfrSwf*k%fjyKcsifygw,f?

'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;[m azgufjyefwJhrqvppftm%m&Sifwodkufudk aemufqkH;xGufouftxd aoG;ysufacsmufjcm;aeatmif tqufrjywf pGJcsufwif&if;/ tpOfrysuf t&kd;wGefoHay;aecJhwJhta&;awmfykH}uD;jzpfw,f? Adkvfae0if; acgif;aqmifwJh awmfvSefa&;aumifpDppftm%m&Siftpdk;&[m w&m;rsSwwJhausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;awGtwGuf Oya'abmiftwGif;uae at;csrf;pGmqENjyawmif;qdkae=uwJh&efukefwuUodkvfuausmif;om;awGtay: &uf&ufpufpufaoG;acsmif;pD;atmif owfjzwfjzdKcGif;jyvdkufwJhtjyif/ ppftm%m&Sifpepfqef husifa&;tpOftvm}uD;cJ hwJh ausmif;om;xk&J htzGJ@tpnf;awGjzpfwJh ‘Auo’ ‘wuo’ ‘&uo’awGudkvJ tjyD;wdkif zsufodrf;acsrSKef;ypfedkifzdk htpDtpOf&Sd&SdeJ hvufawG htaumiftxnfaz: jyvdkufwm jzpfovdk/ ordkif;wavsmuf udkvdkeDtkyfpdk;olawGvufxufuawmif rwdk hrxd0HhcJhwJh ordkif;tpOftvm}uD;rm;vSwJh ‘ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD}uD; ’udkyg rdkufrdkuf&kdif;&kdif;eJ h 'dkif;erdkif;uyfjyD; jzdKcszsufqD;ypfcJhygw,f?

Armjynfordkif;rSmtkyfpdk;oltqufquf b,folrS rvkyf0HhcJhwmawGudk aumufaumufuspfuspf ,kwf,kwfrmrmeJ h ay:ay:xifxif&rf;um;jycJhwmyJjzpfygw,f? wuUodkvfeJ hra0;vSwJhjrefrmhtoH toHv$ifh&k HxJrSmudk awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0ifawGa&m &JcsKyfyg yg0ifwJh ‘trdef@ay;uGyfuJa&;&kH;’ zGifhvSpfxm;jyD; wdkuf&kduftaumiftxnfaz: vkyfaqmifcJh}uwm jzpfygw,f? Zlvdkif(7)&ufae hrSm ausmif;om;awGudk ypfowf/ (8)&ufae hreuftapm}uD;rSmyJ or*~taqmuftOD}uD;udkyg tkwfykHwpjyifjzpfatmif vkyfjyD;jyD;csif;-tJ'Dreufydkif; rSmyJawmfvSefa&;aumifpD OuUXAdkvfae0if;&J h "g; "g;csif;/ vSH vSHcsif;/ face to face &ifqdkifzdk hyJ’ qdkwJh &kdif;ysarmufrmvSwJh pdefac:oHrdef hcGef;}uD;udk a&'D,dkuae toHv$ifhausnmoGm;cJhygw,f? aemufw&ufrSmawmh awmfvSefaumifpDOuUX Adkvfae0if;[m 'kwd,acgif;aqmifjzpfwJh Adkvfatmif}uD;udk ,m,Dwm0efv$Jtyfay;cJhjyD; edkifiHjcm;udktyef;ajzc&D; xGufoGm;vdkufygawmhw,f?

tJ'Dvdk &uf&ufpufpufjywfjywfom;om;taumiftxnfaz:cJ h jyD; ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD;}uD;udkyg wppDjzpfatmif vkyfaqmifjycJh}uum/ atmifjrifpGm &Sif;vif;ypfvdkufedkifjyD;jyDtjzpf tJ'Dwkef;u awmfvSefaumifpDwtkyfpkvkH; *sdK}uGarmufrm 0rf;omtljrL;cJh}uayrJh/umvodyfr=umcifrSmyJ or*~}uD;&J@t&kd;wGef;oHawGudk tqufrjywfvdkvdk }um;vm&jyD;wJhaemuf/OuUX}uD;qd kol Ad kvfae0if;ud k,fwd kif acsmufjcm;aoG;ysufvmcJ h&ygawmhw,f? ord kif;0iftaqmuftOD}uD;jzpfwJh ‘or*~}uD;’udk zsufqD;cJhol ‘ordkif;w&m;cH’tjzpfuae &kef;xGufedkifa&;twGuf/


28

1968-690ef;usifrSm Adkvfae0if;[m (‘7 &ufZlvdkifta&;awmfykHumv’u ‘uGyfuJa&;tzGJ h’rSm a&S@wef;uae yg0ifcJh}uolawGwcsdK hudk ac:,ljyD; ) ‘vS[ef vmOD;’ ‘apmjrifh vmOD;’ ‘ausmfpdk; vmOD;’qdkjyD;ac:,lum/ “tJ'Dae hu tjzpftysufrSm rif;wdk hyg0ifcJhorsS -a&;}uprf; “ qdkjyD; tJ'Dyk*~dKvfawG&J@wOD;csif;qdkif&m ‘wifjycsuf’awGudk &,lxm;&wJhtxd udk,fvGwf&kef;edkifzdk h jyifqifvmcJh&ygawmhw,f?

awmfvSefa&;aumifpD tm%modrf;tzGJ hrSm 'kwd,acgif;aqmifjzpfcJhwJh Adkvfatmif}uD;(AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmif}uD;)uvJ aemufydkif;rSm- or*~taqmuftOD}uD;udk jzdKwJhudpPrSm ol r[kwf/OuUX}uD;vJ r[kwfwef&m-Adkvfausmfpdk; vkyfvdkufwm jzpfr,f qdkwJhoabmrsdK;/ [dkvdkvdk 'Dvdkvdk qifa0S@&efa&Smifpum;awG ajymqdkvmcJhjyD;/ ordkif;w&m;cHtjzpfuae &kef;xGufedkifa&; }udK;pm;vmwJhtxd‘vdyfjymvef h’vmwm awG h&ygw,f? ‘7 &uf Zlvdkif’ &J ht&kd;wGefoH/ or*~}uD;&J ht&kd;wGefoHawGub,fhavmufxdatmifrsm; jrnf[def;&kdufcwfjyD;/ ppftm%m&Sifwoif;udk aoG;ysufacsmufjcm;atmiftqufrysufxdk;ESuf xkykwfaeovJqdk&if rqvygwD&J hOuUX}uD;Adkvfae0if;[m 1988ckESpfZlvdkifvxJrSmyJ/ &mZmyv†ifay:u qif;ay;a}umif; xkwfaz:ausnmvdkuf&wJh aemufqkH;ESKwfxGufay;rdef hcGef;xJrSmtxdawmif/ ‘or*~}uD;udk AkH;eJ hcGJypfwJhudpP[m oltrdef hay;cJhwmr[kwfygbl;’ vdk htxdwfwvef h&Sif;vif;wifjy&if; udk,fvGwf&kef;edkifzdk h}udK;pm;oGm;cJhwm wjynfvkH;}um;vdkuf=u&ygw,f?

tJ'Drqv&J@ aemufqkH; ta&;ay:nDvmcHrSm Adkvfae0if;u vGefcJhwJh tcsdefumvwckwkef;uwnf;u tJ'DudpPeJ hywfoufjyD;/ uGyfuJa&;tzGJ hrSm udk,fwdkifyg0ifcJh}uwJh AdkvfvS[ef/Adkvfausmfpdk;/ Adkvfapmjrifh-wdk hudk oD;oef hac:,ljyD;/ ‘tJ'Dae hutjzpftysufrSm rif;wdk@ yg0ifcJh}uorsSodorsS a&;=uprf;-’vdk h cdkif;jyD; wifjycsufawG &,lxm;wm&Sda=umif; xkwfaz:ajymqdk&if;/ or*~}uD;udkAkH;eJ hcG JcJ hwJh t"duw&m;cH[m Adkvfatmif}uD;yJ jzpfw,fvdk h az:n$ef;ajymqdkoGm;cJhygw,f?tJ'Dumvrwdkifcifuwnf;upjyD; or*~&J ht&kd;wGefoH vmrSmrSef; odaewJh 'kwd,acgif;aqmifjzpfolAdkvfatmif}uD;uvJ Adkvfae0if; xkwfaz:rajymqdkrD umvuwnf;u ‘or*~}uD;udkAkH;eJ hcGJjyD;jzdKzsufcJhwJhudpPrSm olr[kwf&a}umif;/ OuUX}uD;vJ [kwf[efrwl/ Adkvfausmfpdk;yJ vkyfvdkufwmjzpfr,f-qdkwJhoabmrsdK;/ xrif;&nfyl v#mv$JjywJh udk,fvGwf&kef;rSKawGudk wdk;wdk;wzkH us,fus,fwrsdK;ajymqdk}udK;pm;aecJh&wm tm;vkH; od}uwJhtwdkif;ygyJ?

Adkvfae0if;uawmh "g; "g;csif;-vSH vSHcsif;’ qdkwJhrdef hcGef;udk ajym}um;cJh&wmudkawmif/ ol@tajymt&uawmh- ‘olu acgif;aqmifrdk h/ pkaygif;vkyfwmudk wm0ef,lwJhtaeeJ hajym&wm’ tjzpfykHaz: &Sif;vif;oGm;cJhygw,f? trSefuawmh Adkvfae0if;eJ hAdkvfatmif}uD;[m or*~}uD;udk rdkufrdkuf&kdif;&kdif;AkH;eJ hcGJ zsufqD;cJhwJh t,kwfwrmtrSK}uD;rSm/ wa,mufu ‘wpfw&m;cH’ qdk&if-usefwa,mufu‘eHywf2 w&m;cH’ ygyJ// ordkif;w&m;cHawGtjzpfuawmh ajy;rvGwfyg? 'gawGuae bmudkaz: jyaeovJqd kawmh-rw&m;rS K ,kwfrmrS Kud k usL;vGefc J h }uwJ h ppfbDvl; }uD;awG[maemufqkH;tcsdeftxd 'Dta&;awmfykH}uD;&J ht&kd;wGef;oHawGudk tzefzeftxyfxyf}um;ae&&if;/taotvJckcHumuG,f jiif;qefae&&if;/ tqufrjywfaoG;ysuf acsmufjcm;aecJh&w,fqdkwmudkaz: jyaewmygyJ? aemufqkH;xGufoufawGtxdvJ aoG;ysufacsmufjcm;oGm;}u&rSm taotcsmyJjzpfygw,f? &Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykH}uD;umvtwGif;wkef;uvJ rqvaemufqkH;orw}uD;vkyfcJhwJha'gufwmarmifarmifu wdkufyGJ0ifausmif;om;xkudk avajyxdk;jywJhtaeeJ h “‘ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD’ udk jyefvnfaqmufvkyfzdk h twlvufwGJjyD; aysmfaysmfyg;yg; yEMufcs}u&atmif” vdk hr&Jw&J aoG;wdk;prf;}unfhcJ hzl;ygao;w,f? ausmif;om;awGudk owfjzwfjyD; vufrSmaoG;


29

txyfxyfpGef;aeolawGeJ htwl/ vuf&SdvJ towfcHaeqJjzpfwJh ppfrSefwJhausmif;om;awG[mausmif;om;or8~taqmuftOD}uD;udk jyefaqmufzdk h b,fvdkvkyfjyD; aysmfaysmfyg;yg; tkwfjrpfcsyEMuf&kdufjyedkifyghrvJ? a'gufwmarmifarmif&J hpum;[m taumif;qkH;jyufvkH;wpvdkyJ jzpfcJhygw,f?'gayrJh 'guvJ bmudk az: jyaeovJqdkawmh

- ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD}uD;udpP[m tm%m&Sif azgufjyefa&;orm;tkyfpdk;olawG&Jh &ifawGxJrSmvJ vkH;0azsmufzsufypfvdkufvdk hr&wJhudpP}uD;tjzpf qef husifzufuaetodtrSwf jyKxm;&&if; tjrJvdkvdk acsmufjcm;aoG; ysufae&wJhoabm/ wae hae hrSmrkcs udk rv$JraoGjyefvnfay;qyf&r,fh ‘aoG;a}uG;-ordkif;a}uG;’ &Sdaewmudk vufcHtodtrSwfjyKxm;vdkuf&wJhoabmvdk@ ,lqcsifygw,f? 7 - &ufZlvdkifta&;awmfykH}uD;[m aemufESpfrSmqdk&if ESpf (50)wif;wif;jynfhygawmhr,f? awmfvSefwJh ausmif;om;vSKyf&Sm;rSK/ ausmif;om;ordkif;eJ hqufpyfaewJh/ ausmif;om;awG&J@ta&;awmfykHeJ hoydwfawGudk oauFwjyK-trSwftom;jyKjyD; az: jy}unfhr,fqdk&if - e,fcsJ hqef husifa&; trsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&;acwfumvwkef;uawmh - 1936-ausmif;om;oydwf}uD;&J h trSwftom;[m - udkek / udkatmifqef; 1938-taxGaxGoydwfta&;awmfykH}uD;&J h trSwftom;[m - udkA[def; (ocifA[def;)/ udkvSa&GS( a'gufwmvSa&$) vdk hqdk}uygw,f? 'Dvdk qdk&if - Armjynf vGwfvyfa&;ausnmjyD;aemufyd kif;/ ppftm%m&Siftkyfpd k;rSKqef husifa&;wdkufyGJawGtwGif;u- 1962 -& &ufZlvdkifta&;awmfykH}uD;&J h trSwftom;[m - b,folawGjzpfrvJ ?usaemfuawmh usaemfh&J hwOD;csif;tjrift& - 1962 - & &ufZlvdkifta&;awmfykH}uD;&J h trSwftom;uawmh - udkouf (Auo)/ udkAaqGav;(wuo)vdk hyJ qdkvdkufcsifygw,f// owfrSwfvdkufrdygw,f? aemufxyf tjrJvdkvdk trSwf&aeoifhwmwckuawmh - ppfwyf&J hypfcwfrSKa}umifh'%f&mjyif;jyif;xefxef&aewJh}um;uajrmif;jrom; wuUodkvfausmif;om; ‘udkausmf0if; ’[m ol@cE<mudk,fay:u pD;usvmaewJh aoG;awGeJ hudk rEWav;aqmifeH&Hay:rSma&;xdk;jyoGm;cJhwJh “ 7 &ufZlvdkif rarh}ueJ h “ qdkwJh aoG;opPmuA`nf;pmwef;vdk hyJ qdkvdkufcsifygw,f? //

( 0if;wifhxGef; ) 13/ 6 / 2011

AdkvfvS[ef/ Adkvfausmfpdk;/ Adkvfapmjrifh wdk hudk oD;oef hac:,ljyD;tJ'Dae hu tjzpftysufrSm rif;wdk@ yg0ifcJh}uorsS

odorsS a&;=uprf;vdk h cdkif;jyD; wifjycsufawG&,lxm;wm&Sda=umif; xkwfaz:ajymqdk&if;/

or*~}uD;udk AkH;eJ hcGJcJhwJh t"duw&m;cH[m Adkvfatmif}uD;yJ jzpfw,fvdk haz:n$ef;ajymqdkoGm;cJhygw,f?


30

88 rs d K;quf ausmi f;om;acgi f;aqmi frsm;.88 rs d K;quf ausmi f;om;acgi f;aqmi frsm;.88 rs d K;quf ausmi f;om;acgi f;aqmi frsm;.88 rs d K;quf ausmi f;om;acgi f;aqmi frsm;.88 rs d K;quf ausmi f;om;acgi f;aqmi frsm;.&Sp fav;vH k;ta&;awmfy H k }uD; trSwfw&pum;rsm;& Sp fav;vH k;ta&;awmfy H k }uD; trSwfw&pum;rsm;& Sp fav;vH k;ta&;awmfy H k }uD; trSwfw&pum;rsm;& Sp fav;vH k;ta&;awmfy H k }uD; trSwfw&pum;rsm;& Sp fav;vH k;ta&;awmfy H k }uD; trSwfw&pum;rsm;

“““““wu,fawmh &Spfav;vkH; ta&;awmfykH[m vlxkw&yfvkH; nDnGwfr,fqkd&if b,fvkdtm%m&SifrsKd;ukdrqkd jzKwfcsvkd h&w,fqdkwJh oufaoukdjycJhw,f? aemufwcsufu usaemfwkd hwkdif;jynfrSm usaemfwkd h jynfolawG[m zdESdyfr_atmufrSm ESpf&Snfvrsm;cH&wJhtcg aygufuGJr_awG

jzpfwwfw,f// tJ'D aygufuGJr_awG[mvnf; tJ'DtcsdefrSm tm%mykdifawGtaeeJ hxdef;rEkdifodrf;r&

tqifhtxdukda&mufoGm;wwfw,f qkdwmukdn$efjyaew,f//tJ'Dawmh aumufcsuf jyefqGJ&r,fqkd&if jynfolw&yfvkH; wif;w,fqkd&if

b,frif;rSrcHEkdifbl; qkdwm ukd oufaojyEkdifw,f?ta&;=uD;qkH;uawmh (88) &Spfav;vkH; ta&;awmfykH=uD;&J@ tqkH;owfrSm

tm%modrf; vmwJh ppfwyf[m 'Drkdua&pDukdoGm;ygr,fqkdwJh *wdwvkH;ay;wJh twGufa=umifhjynfolvlxk=uD;[m ta&;awmfykH&J ht&Sdefukd av#mhvkdufjyD;awmh oydwfawGukd &yfem;jyD;awmh

aemufqkH; a&G;aumufyGJqDukd vufcHvkduf=uwmjzpfw,f?qkdvkdcsifwmuawmh tzGJ htpnf;wck&J h*k%foduQm/ *wdpum;ay;cJhwJh

tzGJ@tpnf;wck&J@ *k%foduQm[m tifrwefta&;=uD;w,f// rdrdwkd@ ay;cJhwJh *wdtwkdif;wnfwnf=unf=unf taumifxnf azmfrSomv#if jynfolawGav;pm;wJh tzGJ htpnf;jzpfr,f//

tem*wf[mvnf; aumif;r,f? tpOftvmvnf; aumif;r,f qkdwmukdtckvkdESpfywfvnfae@rSm usaemf trSwfw& ajymcsifw,ff ff f”””””

rif;udkEdkif

&Spfav;vHk; ta&;awmfyHk}uD; (23) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf pkpnf;r_


31

udkudk}uD;

“““““jyD;cJhwJh 8888 ta&;awmfykHjuD;uaejyD;awmhxif&Sm;wJh ocFef;pmtaeeJ@

ekdifiHa&;oabmxm; uGJvGJr_awGukd vufrcHbJeJ@wzufowft"rRajz&Sif;wJh t"rRaqmif&GufwJh twGufajumifh jzpfcJh&wJhjy\emawG[m

wkdif;jynfvnf;tqif;&J qkH;jzpfcJh&w,f?aemufqkH; pepfwckvkH;usqkH;cJh&w,f? ekdifiH&J hpepfwckysufpD;oGm;jyD/ ysufokef;oGm;jyDqkd&if

tkyfcsKyfcH&wJh ekdifiHolekdifiHom;awGomru tkyfcskyfolawGyg pepf&Jh om;aumiftjzpfeJ@'g[mtifrwef oHa0*,lI4if;/ ocFef;pm,l&I4if;/ &Sdaew,fæææ“““““

“““““tJh'Dawmh aemufaemif ArmEkdifiHrSm aemufxyfekdifiHawmfopfwnfaqmufawmhr,fqkd&if wzufowftiftm;okH; ajz&Sif;tkH;r,f? wnfaqmuftkH;r,fqkd&if

tJh'Dvkdajz&Sif;vkduawmhb,fawmhrS a&&SnfcHrSmr[kwfbl; rwnfjrJbl;qkdwm 8888ta&;awmfykHjuD;u jyojyD;jyD? tJh'Dawm htJh'Dpepfwck ysufpD;oGm;+yD usqkH; oGm;+yDqkd&if

tkyfcsKyfcH&wJhvlawGomruyJeJ@tkyfcsKyfolawGyg pepf&J@ om;aumif jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f qkdwm8888ta&;awmfykHjuD;uaejyD;awmh yDyDjyifjyifxifxif&Sm;&Sm; rD;armif;xkd;jy

vkdufwJhudpPjuD;ygyJæææ“““““


32

udkjrat;

“““““ausmif;om;qdkwm rw&m;r_udk b,fwkef;urS iHk@cHcJh&dk;xHk;pH r&SdcJ@bl;?usaemfwdk@u jyefajymcsifygw,f?

19 ESpf&SdcJhayr,fh ap;xef;aewJh uwW&mvrf;awGudk eufarSmif=urf;=uKwfaewJhuwW&mvrf;awGudk &dkufcGJ=unfhvdkufyg?

wpdrfhpdrfh ,dkpD;usvmwJh 88 ausmif;om;awG&J@ aoG;pufawG[m 'Duae@txdatmf[pfjrnfwrf;aewkef;yJ?

'g[m 'Drdkua&pD h h h 'Drdkua&pD h h h

'Drdkua&pD h h h“““““


33

“““““'DESpfrSm &Spfav;vkH; ESpfywfvnfeJ@ qGrf;uyfyGJqkd+yD; usaemfwkd@vkyfw,f?t&ifwkH;uawmh }uD;}uD;us,fus,f rvkyfjzpfcJhbl;? 'Dvkdvkyf&wJh tay:rSmvnf; tawmfyJ

ESpfaxmif;tm;&jzpfrdw,f? aemuf+yD; &Spfav;vkH; umvwav#muf &Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykH}uD;rSm wcsKd@awG &if;ESD;ay;qyfcJh&wJh olawGtwGuf tcktcsdefusrS tukd}uD;wkd@u

tr#ay;a0a&pufcsEkdifw,f? tJh'Dvnf; auseyfESpfodrfhr_&Sdw,fæææ““““““““““aemufwcsufu 'DESpf&Spfav;vkH; ESpfywfvnfae@rSm tv$maygif;pkH

tzGJ@tpnf;aygif;pkH/ vlwef;pm;aygif;pkHu vlawGtukef vm=uw,f? ygwDqkd'ffua&m/wkdif;&if;om;qkd'fua&m/ ausmif;om;qdk'f/

vli,fqkd'f/ jynfolqkd'f tukefvm=uw,f? wenf; æætm;vkH;&Spfav;vkH;eJ@ ESD;EG,faewJh/8888 ay:rSm t+rJwrf;rSwf,l wrf;wae=uwJh vlawGtm;vkH;vm=uw,f? tJ'Dawmh

wzufu=unfh&if t&rf;=unfEl;zkd@aumif;w,fæææ““““““““““'Dae@ tukd}uD;wkd@ usif;ywJh 8888 ESpfywfvnfae@rSm tukd}uD;wkd@ taeeJ@rSmvnf;

tawmfhukd cHpm;&w,f? tJæckeuajymwJh tcsufokH;csufayghaemf cHpm;&wmukdvnf;tukd}uD;0rf;omw,f? tm;vkH;wkd@vnf;tukd}uD;wkd@ a&pufcs tr#ay;a0ovkd om"k

ac:ay;=uyg?usqkH;av+yD;aom 'Drkdua&pD ol&Jaumif;awGtwGuf om"kac:ay;yg?

wrf;w trSwf& twk,lay;}uygææ“““““

rif;aZ,s


34

u|efawmfwdk h taeeJhuawmh &Spfav;vHk; qdkwmudkarhjypfvdk h r&ovdkusefwJhusaemfwdk@&J@ movement awG /

u|efawmfwdk h tm;vHk;=udK;pm;cJh&wJh revolution tajctae t&yf&yfudkvnf;'Dae&mrSm usaemfwd@ku revolution qdkwJh pum;vHk;udk oHk;&jcif; ta=umif;t&if;u /

usaemfwdk h (r q v) udk awmfvSef ykefuefcJh=upOf tajctaeuwnf;u revolution qdkwJhpum;vHk;udk oHk;cJhwmyg?

'Duae h 'DtcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@ revolution[m qdkwJh pum;vHk;udkroHk;ygbl;?'Dae@ 'DtcsdefrSm trsdK;om; jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;qdkwJh taetxm;rsdK;udk oHk;wJh tajctaerSm

usaemfwdk@udk vl&mroGif;wJh yHkpHrsdK;cHpm;&ygw,f?'gayr,fh usaemfwdk@ quf+yD; }udK;pm;oGm;yghr,f?

usaemfwdk@ taeeJhuawmh wdkif;jynfudk +idrf;csrf;pGm ul;ajymif;a&;qdkwJh tpOfajyr_twGufqufvufjyD; =udK;pm;oGm;OD;rSmyg?

t&m&mrSm wzufowfqefr_tay: usaemfwdk@ vHk0vufrcHyg?bma=umifhvJqdkawmh &Spfav;vHk;&J@ tajctaeZpfjrpfudkuwzufowf t"rRajz&Sif;r_udk vufrcHwJh ordkif;rdk@vdk@yg?

tHhbG,fausmf


35

“““““1988 ckESpf &Spfav;vkH; ta&;awmfykHukd usaemfwkd@ jrefrmEkdifiHrSmjrefrmEkdifiH'Drkdua&pD jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; ta&;awmfykHtjzpf EkdifiHom; tm;vkH;uae+yD;awmhyg0ifqifE$JcJh=uw,f? tJh'DrSm jrefrmEkdifiH[m orkdif;opfwckukd zGifhvSpfEkdifcJh+yD; pepfopfwcktwGufukd usaemfwkd@EkdifiHrSm tawG;tac: awmfvSefa&;w&yf jzpfcJh+yDvkd@ ajymvkd@&w,f?

'gayrJh tJh'DumvrSm usaemfwkd@qDrSm ckdifrmwJh tzGJ@tpnf;r&SdcJhr_awGckdifrmwJhpnf;&kH;a&;tiftm;/ ckdifrmwJhacgif;aqmif r&SdcJhr_awGeJ@twl/ 88 wkef;u wu,fvlxk

vkdcsifwJh ykHo¾efopfwckqDukd wu,fawm husaemfwkd@ rajymif;EkdifcJhao;yg?'gayrJh ajymif;vJEkdifzkd@twGuf tajccsEkdifcJhw,fayghAsm? qkdygawmh wpfygwD

tm%m&Sifpepfuae ygwDpkH 'Drkdua&pDpepfukd ajymif;vJay;&r,f? wHcg;ydwf pD;yGg;a&;0g'uae+yD;awmhwHcg;zGifh pD;yGg;a&;/ aps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;pepfukd ajymif;vJEkdif&r,fqkdwJh

'DpepfykHo¾efukd ajymif;vJjcif;[mawmh jzpfcJh+yD?ajymif;vJr,fqkdwJh tajctaeuawmh aemufjyefqkwfvkd@ r&awmhbl;?

'gayrJhvkd@tckvkd tcsdefxdukd usaemfwkd@ jrefrmEkdifiHrSm 'Dtajymif;tvJ[mwu,frSefrSefuefuefrjzpfao;wmvJæ“““““

“““““18 ESpf=umqkdwJh umv[m EkdifiHwEkdifiH&J h tajymif;tvJtwGuf wu,fukdvkHavmufwJh umvyg? wu,fwef;om wkdif;jynfwjynf&J h tem*gwftwGufukd

uscH&rJhwm0efawGukd pkaygif;uscH=ur,fqkdwJh trsKd;om; jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;[m wu,fwef;tm;vkH;u &nf&G,f=uw,f?wu,fvkyfaqmif=ur,f qkdvkd@&Sd&if 'g[m wu,fvkHavmufwJh tcsdefyg? tcktcsdefrSm

usaemfwkd@ jrefrmEkdifiH&J h wu,f tajymif;tvJtwGufukd bmawGvkdtyfaevJæ“““““usaemfwkd@ wkdif;&if;om;awG&J@ v_yf&Sm;cJh&wJh uGJjym;aewJh uGJjym;r_awGukd b,fvkd&Sm

EkdifrvJqkdwJh trsKd;om; jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;twGuf vufawG@ususwu,f ajz&Sif;Ekdifzkd@'Drkdua&pD tiftm;pkawGrSmvnf; wm0ef&Sdovkd wkdif;&if;om; jynfoltiftm;pkawG/ ppfwyf

tiftm;pkawGrSmvnf; wu,fhukd wm0ef &Sdygw,f?'gawGukd usaemfwkd@ wu,f&atmif vkyfaqmifoGm;zkd@ &Spfq,fh&Spf &Spfav;vkH;

ausmif;om;awGtaeeJ@ vkyfoifhvkyfxkdufwmukd qufvuf vkyfaqmifoGm;zkd@ukdtqifoifh&dSae=uw,fæææ“““““

aX;-uG,f


36

“““““ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm usaemfwkd@EkdifiHu jynfolawG[m zdESdyfr_/wm;jrpfr_/ uef@owfcsufawG

atmufrSm ra=ureyfeJ@ &kef;uefv_yf&Sm;cJh&+yD; 'DrauseyfcsufawG tm;vkH;[m 8888vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_}uD;tjzpf ododomom ay:aygufvmcJh&w,f“““““

“““““ra=ueyfcsufawG/ wm;jrpfydwfyifr_awGukd &kef;uefaz:xkwf jyovkdufwmygyJ?olwkd&J h &ifxJrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm rsKdodyfcJh&wJh/

ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmrsKdodyfxm;&wJh rauseyfr_}uD;ukdwcJeuf xkwfaz: jyovkdufwJh yGJ}uD;vkd@

,lqygw,fæ“““““

udk_yHK;csdK


37

1988 'Drdkua&pD v_yf&Sm;rlqdkwmu u|efawmfwdk@ jrefrmedkifiH tajymif;tvJwckudkjzpfapwJhumvtyd ki f;tjcm;oufouf r[kwfyJeJ@ urBmhord ki f; a&pD;a=umif;rSm ajymif;vJapwJhumvtydkif;tjcm; wckjzpfaewmudk;Asmh/ jzpfaewJhtwGuf 'DjrefrmedkifiHwGifomrubl; urBmhedkifiHtoD;oD;wGifrSmyg u|efawmfwdk@ 'Dtxl;ojzifhayghAsm ta&S@wdkif;edkifiHawGaygh?

aemuf ta&S@Oa&my pojzi fh edkifiHawGrSm 'Drdkua&pD awmif;qdkr_awG jzpf+yD;awmhwurBmvHk;twdkif;twmeJ@ 'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;rl}uD; ay:aygufvmw,f?tJh'Dawmh u|efawmfwdk@aemufrS 'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;rlawGjzpfwJh edkifiHawGu 'Drdkua&pD &oGm;+yD;awmh &Spfav;vHk; ta&;awmfyHk}uD; wedkifiHvHk;twdkif;twmeJ@ toufawGay;qyf+yD;/ aoa=u+yD;awmh aoG;eJ@ac|;eJ@a&;ae&wJh jrefrmedkifiH[m ,ae@tcsdeftxd bma=umifh r&ao;ovJ qdkwJh tcsuf[m tawmfudk pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;w,fqdkwJh tcsufwckjzpfw,fvdk@ u|efawmfajymcsifw,f?

bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh 88 rSmvJ ay;qyfcJhw,f tckvJ awmufavsmuf ay;qyfae&wkef;yJtJ'gu tJ'D&J@teSpfom&[maygh/ tJh'DteSpfom&[m u|efawmfwdk@twGuf 'gtaumif; qHk;wckudkvkyfay;aew,fqdkwJh&_@axmifhu =unfhr,fqdkwJh u|efawmfwdk@ tJh'Dvdk cef@rSef;vdk@&w,f?

bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh 'Drdkua&pD tJ....u|efawmf em;vnfxm;wmuawmh.... r*~if&Spfyg;udkrusif}uHyJeJ@ edAŠmefr&Edkifovdk 'Drdkua&pD usifhpOfudk rusifh}uHyJeJ@ 'Drdkua&pDr&edkifbl;qdkwJht,ltqwckudk ajymcsifwmyg?

'Dae&mrSm xyf+yD;awmh tav;teuf ajymcsifwmu 'Drdkua&pD azmfaqmifay;ygr,fvdk@ajymaewJh 'Dppftm%m&Sif ppftpdk;&[mvnf; 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfudk wu,fusifh}uHzdk@ ol@rSmtpDtpOfr&dSbl;//r&dSwJhtwGufvnf; 'Drdkua&pDedkifiHudkvnf; razmfbl;/ tvm;wlyJ u|efawmfwdk@twdkuftcH tiftm;pkawGuvJ/ 'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkawGuvnf; 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk tm;vHk;nDnD!Gwf!GwfeJ@ ydkifydkifedkifedkifusifh}uH tm;xkwfedkifzdk@ vdkaeao;w,fvdk@ u|efawmfjrifw,f?

tJh'gbmvJ qdkawmh u|efawmfwdk@wifrubl; 'Dtypftcwf &yfpJxm;wJh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pk tzGJ@tpnf;awG aemuf+yD;awmhwdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;pkawG/ u|efawmfwdk@u 'Dwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkawGeJ@zGJ@pnf;xm;wJh edkifiHudk;As? tJh 'Dawmh (MAJORITY) awGudk;As/ vlenf;pkawGayghAsm?

*sifrD


38

tJh'Dawm h'Dvlenf;pkawG tygt0ifu|efawmfwdk@ 'Drdkua&pD v_yf&Sm;aeolawG tm;vHk;[mwnDw!GwfxJeJ@ 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfwckudk wnfaqmufzdk@vdkw,f qdkwmudk tJ'gudk odzdk@ta&;}uD;r,fvdk@ usaemfxifw,f?

tJ'D 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOf&J@ teSpfcsKyfu bmvJvdk@ ar;r,fqdk,if (DIALOGUE) yJAsm?'dkif,mavmhyJ wu,fjy\emwpk pka0;/ qHkawG@/ qHk;jzwf/ ajz&Sif;wJh 'dkif,mavmhwck ay:aygufzdk@vdkaew,f? tJh'D 'dkif,mavmh ,mOfaus;rl jiif;y,faeor# umvygwfvHk;[m u|efawmfwdk@edkifiHrSm'Drdkua&pDeJ@ tvSrf;a0;aetHk;r,fvdk@ u|efawmfajymcsifw,f?

tJh'Dawmh 'dkif,mavmhqdkwm ,Ofaus;odrfarG@wJh vl@tv$mawGu toHk;jyKwJhenf;vrf;wckyg? 'Drdkua&pD&J@ teSpfom&vnf; jzpfw,f? tJh'gudk wu,fvufcH usifhoHk;edkifzdk@twGufudk,ae@tESpf (20) eD;yg; 'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;rl@udk &kef;uefvyf&Sm;ae&wJh u|efawmfwdk@jrefrmedkifiHuppftpdk;&aum/ u|efawmfwdk@ 'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkawG&,f/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkawGyg0dkif;0ef;}udK;yrf;zdk@ vdkw,fvdk@ u|efawmf ajymcsifw,f?

EdkifwJholw&m;a=u;qdk+yD;usnfqHeJ@ ordkif;a&;csif=uovm; h h h

a[mh'D ausmif;om;rsdK;qufukefrStJ'Dw&m;udk rif;wdk@&r,f?EdkifwJholw&m;a=u;qdk+yD;

tajrSmufawGeJ@ ordkif;a&;csif=uovm; h h haumif;uifay:u rdk;pufawG ajcmufcrf;rS

tJh'Dordkif;udk rif;wdk@&r,f h h hw&m;wJholom Edkifa=u;a[h hh h h

udk*sifrD - reDvmodef;


39

&Spfav;vkH;[m tmZmenfawGaewJhwkdif;jynfutm* a&$0gjynfom;awG&JŒ ra=umufw&m;eJ@xkqpfxm;wJh opPmarmfuGef;wkdifvJjzpfw,f?

&Spfav;vkH;rSm oHr%da'gif;wtkyf[mppfoHycsKyfukd ¶kdufuefcsKd;jzKwfcJhtvif;wHcg;awG wGef;zGifhcJh=uw,f?

&Spfav;vkH;rSm {&m0wD[m a'goykefx¶kd;rawG vuf¶kH;=uG/ up?y`e'DrSm v_dif;rmefcsDatmifaw;oD ov†m0wDeJ@oHvGifjrpfjyifeDeDrSm aoG;yef;csDcs,fr_ef;vlv_dif;vkH;}uD; odrfhxorkdif;bD;}uD; ¶kef;=uGcJhw,f?

ukdif; b,folajymovJ ‘&Spfav;vkH;[m usqkH;cJhw,fvkd@’opPmukd r,kH=unfolawG ab;z,fvkduf=uEkdifiHa&;tjrifwdrfpGJaeolawG wdrfcGJvkduf=u&Spfav;vkH;[m jynfolawG&JŒ atmifyGJed'gef;jzpfovkdtm%m&Sifwkd@&JŒ ed*kH;tpjzpfw,f//

&Spfav;vkH;[m Akdvfatmifqef;rsm;pGm/ ukdatmifausmfrsm;pGmOD;0dpm&rsm;pGm/ tmZmenfteEW/ oGef;avmif;ykHwloaE<,lcJhw,f?

&Spfav;vkH;[m 'Drkdua&pD xDcsufapmifhewforD;/ +idrf;csrf;a&;Ekdb,fqk&Sifukd}uD;jrwfpGmzGm;jrif/ odE<dwifcJhw,f?

&Spfav;vkH;[m ppfacG;wtkyfukd t+rD;ukyfapcJhw,f&Spfav;vkH;[m wygwDpepfukd ygwDpkHjzpfapcJhw,f&Spfav;vkH;[m ,kH=unfolwkd@&JŒ atmifajrjzpfw,f&Spfav;vkH;[m t"rRw&m;ukd wkdufpm;zsufqD; tm;rmef}uD;wJh jrpfwpif;jzpfw,f?&Spfav;vkH;[m 90 &v'f/ a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;eJ@ uGef,ufrsm;pGm&JŒ arG;ordcifvJjzpfw,f&Spfav;vkH;ukd ao;odrfatmifvkyfol/ r,kH=unfol[m trSefw&m;ukd r,kH=unfolomjzpfw,f?

'DrSmrdwfaqG h h h h&Spfav;vkH;qdkwm opPmw&m;eJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;ukd XmyempD

vGwfvyfjcif;/ w&m;rSswjcif;/ +idrf;csrf;jcif;/ tkwfjrpfawGay: tckdiftrmwnfEkdifiHcspfolwkdif; vuftkyfcsD ylaZmfxkdufwJh wef;ckd;}uD; orkdif;apwD rnfayonf?

r[m*E<0if &Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykH

rif;aumif;cspfZlvkdif 24 / 2011

(rdk;rcrD'D,mrS)


40

a'gif;wkd hrmef

armif

zufqpfbDvl;wkd husK;ausmf&rf;um;&mtrdwuUoDvm?pdefyef;ra=uGwuUokdvfa+rjrufawGbma=umifheD&w,f?&J&ifholwkd h&J hESvkH;om;rSmvGwfvyfr_trSefw&m;twGufaoG;eJ hquf=uygw,f?t&kd;awGawmifvkdykHrSvGwfvyfr,fqkd&ifigwkd hausmif;om;awG&J ht&kd;awG[matmufqkH;tvGmrSm&Sdaer,f²²²²qkdwJhopPmpum;[murBmwnfvsuf?atmifqef;/A[def;rSonfAaqGav;/ukdouf²²²qvkdif;wifarmifOD;oufaownf?rif;ukdeKdif/ ukdukd=uD;²²²²²²ouf0if;atmifvufqifhaqmifcJh&mausmfukdukd/'D+idrf;vif; wkd hwkdif?armif;+yefukd a'gif;tvHeJ hwkduf+yD;ausmif;eH&H w0kdufrSma'gif;tvHpkdufr,fzufqpfbDvl;wkd hwkdufzkd hor*~t&kd;wGefoHqufpkd h?


41

armif&pf

88 opfyiftJonfwkH;uolwdk@rSm ay;p&mqdkvdk@touf yJ &Sdw,f?

olwdk@rSm pGef@p&mcEWm yJ &Sdw,f?

tJ'gudktukefvkH; jrSyfESHvdk@tJ'Du ta&;awmfykHrSmolwdk@udk,f olwdk@ajcpkHypf csDwufcJh=u?

olwdk@ aoG;awGolwdk@ toufawG eJ@olwdk@ pdkufcJhwJh opfyiftJ'Du &SifoefvmwJh ....88 ta&;awmfykH opfyif?

[email protected]@ t&dyfatmufrSmoifwdk@ ajc&if;rSmigwdk@ tav;jyKvdkufygw,f?


42

'Dae@²²²²²²²²²²²²²²² ta=umufw&m;awGu ykcufwGif;rSmusefcJhjyD vSKdif;ESpfxyfyifv,fvkd vlvSKdif;awG&JŒa&SŒrSm aojcif;eJ@tm;rmefukd ,kH=unfcsufwcktwGuf a&SŒodk@wkd;vkd@xGuf²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²

ylueJjzpfoGm;wJh &ifbwf =u,foD;rwwfxm;vkd@vm; ikHt=unfh aoG;awGu&$Jvkd@ rsufpdukdajz;ajz;rSdwf 'Drkdua&pDukdrSef;q tarhukdwrf;w²²²²²²²²²²²² 'Dae@²²ukdtajy;tv$m; owd&vkdufawmh (8-8-88)&ufaehjzpfaeygayhgvm;²²²²²²²²²²²²²?

aemufqkH;xGufouf

cifarmifvGif(jynf)

(8-8-88 &ufae@wGifusqkH;oGm;=uaom &[ef;&Sifvljynfoltaygif;wkd@ukdOD;n$wfvSsuf)


43

tJ'dwkef;uayghrsm;vdkufwJhvltkyf=uD;rsufaphwqHk; tkef;tkef;xjyD;a=uG;a=umfoHwdkifolwdkiftvHudkifoludkifeJŒŒwu,fhudk jrdKifjrdKifqdkifqdkif=uD;aygh

tJ'dwkef;uayghxrif;xkyfa0ola0a&tvSLurf;olurf;vlwef;wavSsmuf &J&JawmufvdkŒrdef@cGef;awGvnf;em;axmifvufckyfoHawG jrnf[D;jynf=uD; wkefrwwfaygh

tJ'dwkef;uayghppfwyfqdkwmypf&ifrSefatmifypffowJ²edkifiHausmfrdef@cGef;tjyD;wnfhwnfh=uD;typfcHzdk@vufeufyD;aeovdktoD;oD; xGufvm=uvlyifv,f=uD;jzpf&aygh

tJ'dwkef;uayghhudk,fha¶S@u q&morm;OD;aESmufawGtazG;om;eJ@ vJus'%f&mAvyGeJ@vlxk&J@nnf;oHtzefzefjyef=um;&if;arhr&wJh tdyfrufqdk;&ifudkvmvmESdK;vdk@jyefudkrawG;csifwmESpf(20)ausmf=umaygh

b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpftJ'dwkef;uay;qyfcJhwJhav;jrwfolwdk@&JŒ pdwf"gwftJ'dwkef;uvlxktJ'dwkef;unDnGwfrS_tckjyef&csifvdkufwm?

8888ta-uG;

oDwmatmi f (wdkusKd / *syef)


44

trSefbmqdkwm vlwdkif;todqENcsif; nSdp&mrvdk'Drdkua&pD vGwfvyfcGifhtoufESifh&if;wJh awmfvSefa&;ordkif;aoG; &JcJh=utwdwfu rSwfwdkifawG?tem*wfqdkwmb,folawG b,fvdkrS wm;r&twdwfudkvnf; azsmufr&n +yD;awmh ae@tJ'Dvdk awG@Edkifzdk@rarhrysuf vkyfaqmif&iftcsKyftaESmifawG vGwfajrmufyef;wdkifudk a&mufrSmyg?

aoG;csif;rsm; trSwf&zdk@wdkufwGef;vdk@ ajymyg&aptwdwfu usKyfwdk@ajrrSmjynfolawG aygif;pk&Hk;‘&Spfav;vHk;’ ta&;awmfyHkurBmwkefatmif tm;vHk;E$Jwu,fyJ &SdcJhygw,f? ?

ordkif;wacwfvrf;wqpfrSm

&Spfq,fh&Spf qdkwm &SdcJhw,f?xdk&Spfq,fh&Spf

c&pfESpfrSm‘&Spfav;vHk;’ qdkwJh

ta&;awmfyHkwpfckvnf; &SdcJhw,f?

&Spfav;vHk;qdkwmb,folb,f0g&JŒ ya,m*

twGif;ty&JŒ tzsufvkyf&yfvdk@rajzmifhrwfolawG&JŒ pum;

=um;zl;=urSmyg?

&Spfav;vHk; armfuGef;

xdefvif;


45

&Spfav;vHk;udk jyef-unfhjcif;

apmifh=u&if; arSsmf=u&if;eJ@ &Spfav;vHk; ta&;awmfyHk ay:aygufcJhwm 23 ESpf &SdcJhyg+yD? 88wkef;u touf 20 ausmf ausmif;om;rsm;u ,ae@ 40 ausmf 50 twGif; jzpfcJ hyg+yD?udkvdkeDe,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ vGwfvyfa&;twGuf wdkufyGJ0ifcJhwJh EdkifiHa&;orm;}uD;awG/ ocifocifr}uD;awGtygt0if 'Drdkua&pDa&; }udK;yrf;aqmif&Gufol trsm;tjym;vnf; uG,fvGefcJhyg+yD?tkyfpdk;olqdk&ifvnf; e0w/ etz/ }uH@zGH@ pojzifh tqufquf tqif;twufawG vkyfcJhyg+yD?EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;ta&twGufawGuvnf; enf;vdkufrsm;vdkuf/ EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;olawGuvnf;0ifvdkufxGufvdkufeJ@ wu,fhudk oHo&m&xm;}uD; ckwfarmif;aewmygyJ?

tJ'Dvdk tcsdefumvawGeJ@vdkuf+yD; jzpfysufajymif;vJjcif;awG &S dcJ hayr,fh yuwdt&Sdw&m;awGuawmh twdwfeJ@ rsufarSmufumv odyfruGmvSygbl;? vlxkuvnf; usyfwnf;aeqJ/jynfwGif;ppfawGvnf; jzpfaeqJ/ wdkif;jynfuvnf; rGJaeqJ/ pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeraumif;vdk@wdkif;wyg;xGuf+yD; aiG&SmolawGuvnf; t&ifuxuf rsm;qJ/ ppfab;a=umifh zdESdyfr_awGa=umifh'kuQonftjzpf udk,fhwdkif;jynfxuf rGJawcJhwJhEdkifiHawGqD oGm;a&mufcdkv_Hae&olawGuvnf; &SdaeqJ/'gawGu twlwlvdk@ qdkEdkifygw,f? 'gayr,fh ukefaps;E_ef;eJ@0ifaiG tcsKd;tq/ qif;&Jcsrf;om uGm[csuftcsKd;tqawGu vGefcJhwJh ESpf 20 ausmfumveJ@ b,fvdkrS,SOfr&Edkifatmif }uD;rm;vSygw,f?

'Dvdk 'kuQaygif;pHk cHpm;ae&qJjzpfvdk@ EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;aqmif&GufolawGudk “udk,fhbmomat;at;aq;rae=ubl;? olwdk@a=umifh 'kuQa&muf&wm” qdkwJh pum;rsKd;awGeJ@ ajymqdkwmawmif=um;cJhzl;ygw,f? 'Dvdkusyfwnf;rS/ 'Dvdk t,ltqawG&SdrS awmfvSefykefuefwmawG r&SdrSm qdkwJhoabmeJ@jynfolawG usyfwnf;atmif/ v_yfr&atmif pepfwuspDpOfcJhavovm;vdk@awmif awG;p&myg?

jrefrmhordkif;rSm t}uD;rm;qHk; vlxktHk=uGr_jzpfwJh &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkta=umif;a jym =uwJ htcg ta&;awmfy H ku d k b,folawGu tuGufcs p DpO fc J hw,fqd kwJ hajymqdkcsufawGrsKd;pHk&Sdaewmrdk@ b,f[mu trSefqdkwm tjiif;yGm;aumif; yGm;Edkifayr,fh tJ'Dwkef;uta&;awmfyHk}uD; ay:aygufcJhwmuawmh jiif;r&wJhtcsuf jzpfygw,f? bma=umifhyJjzpfjzpfvGwfvyfa&;&+yD;uwnf;u jzpfcJh&wJh jynfwGif;ppfrD;awG/ qJAif;*sLvdkif/ r_dif;&mjynfh/ OD;oef@psmyeta&;tcif;/ usGef;qG,fyGJ pwJh ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;rsm;eJ@ tvkyform;ta&;tcif;awGuawmufvdkuf+idrf;vdkuf jzpfcJhwJh rD;p rD;awmufawG jzpfygw,f? teD;pyfqHk;uawmh aiGpuULta&;tcif;eJ@ 88 rwfv ta&;tcif;rsm;yJ jzpfygw,f?

xdefvif;


46

wu,fawmh vGwfvyfcGifhr&Sdjcif;/ qif;&JrGJawr_ jrifhrm;jcif; pwJh EdkifiHa&;qdkif&mvdktyfcsufawGudk &dk;&dk;ajzmifhajzmifh rajz&Sif;bJ zdESdyfr_awG&SdaeorSs vlxktHk=uGr_awG/ awmfvSefa&;awGu&SdaerSmyg/ jrefrmjynfrSm ay:aygufcJhwJh ta&;awmfyHkrsm;[m 'DoabmawGeJ@ ruif;ygbl;? &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyH k[mvnf; rauseyfr_aygif;rsm;pGm/ t&if;tESD;aygif;rsm;pGmudk t&if;wnf+yD;rSay:aygufcJhwm jzpfygw,f?

+rdKŒ }uD; +rdKŒi,fawGtESH@ ay:aygufcJhwJh qENjyyGJawGtwGif; odef;eJ@csDwJhvlxk yg0ifqifE$JcJh+yD;rqv tpdk;& tqifhqifh jyKwfuscJ hygw,f? wpfvausmftwGif; tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW&m;awG&yfwef@oGm;wJhtxd t&SdefjrifhcJhygw,f? ta&;awmfyHkumv ppfwyf&JŒ ypfcwfr_a=umifh jynfol 3000rS 5000 txd aoqHk;cJhw,fvdk@ cef@rSef;=uygw,f? tm%modrf;tpdk;&uawmh wEdkifiHvHk;rSm 8a,mufyJ aoqHk;cJhw,f/ 'gawmifrS *dka'gifawGazmufvdk@ ypfcwf&if; aoqHk;cJhwmvdk@ qdkcJhygw,f?vGwfvyfyGifhvif;wJh tajctaer&Sdao;awmh axmifcsDwJh aoqHk;olawGeJ@ywfoufvdk@ 'Duae@txdbmpm&if;rS twdtus rwifEdkifao;ygbl;?

'Dvdkt&Sdeft[kef}uD;rm;cJhwJh ta&;awmfyHk}uD; bma=umifh tqHk;owf ratmifjrifcJhygovJ?jyefvnfoHk;oyfolawGu udk,fhtawG@t}uHK/ udk,fht,ltqawGeJ@ aumufcsufcs=uygw,f? txl;ojzifhacgif;aqmifawG rnDnGwfvdk@/ ppfwyfu vufOD;r_&,loGm;vdk@ qdkwJ haumufcsufawGudkawmfawmfrsm;rsm; =um;&ygw,f?

wu,fawmh &Spfav;vHk; ta&;awmfyHktwGif; vlodxif&Sm;jzpfwJh acgif;aqmiftenf;i,f&JŒOD;aqmifr_u vGJ&if a'otvdkuf OD;aqmifcJholrsm;[m a'ocH EdkifiHa&;wuf=uGolrsm; jzpfygw,f?tm;vHk;u udk,fhqHk;jzwfcsufeJ@udk,f eD;pyf&mwdkifyif+yD; aqmif&Guf=uwmyg? tzGJ@awGrsm;ovdkacgif;aqmifawGvnf; trsm;}uD;yg? ae&mpHku awmfvSef&r,fqdkayr,fh wpfOD;eJ@wpfOD; wpfzGJ@eJ@wpfzGJ@tquftoG,fawG wdkifyifnSdE_dif;r_awG tm;enf;cJhygw,f? 'ga=umifh tiftm;awG wpkwpnf;wnf;rjzpfcJhygbl;?

qufoG,fa&;enf;pepfawG raumif;cJhwmuvnf; ta&;awmfyHkudk tm;enf;apwJhtcsufjzpfygw,f? jynfwGif;qufoG,fa&;raumif;vdk@ jynfytoHv$ifhXmeawGudkom tm;udk;cJh&ovdkjynfwGif;rSmjzpfysufaeorSs jynfyu aoaocsmcsm rodcJ hwJhtwGufvnf; Ed kifiHwum&JŒtodtrSwfjyKr_/ yHhydk;r_awG aumif;aumif;r&cJhygbl;? ur?mu us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ rodvdkufwJhawmfvSefa&;}uD;yg?

aemufwpfcsufuawmh ta&;awmfyHk&JŒ acgif;aqmif taotcsm r&SdcJhwmyg? txl;ojzifhawmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmif/ Ed kifiHa&;acgif;aqmif tH0ifcGifus rjzpfcJ hwmudk awG@&ygw,f?ausmif;om;awGeJ@ jynfolvlxk qdkwmu awmfvSefzdk@/ ykefuefzdk@/ qENjyzdk@/ r}udKufwJhtpdk;&udk jzKwfcszdk@yJjyifqifcJhwmyg? awmfvSefa&;atmifjrif&if/ tpdk;&jyKwfusoGm;&if tm%mudk b,fvdkodrf;r,f/tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW&m;udk b,fvdkudkifwG,fr,f qdkwmrsKd;awGawmh jyifqifrxm;ygbl;? tJ'gawG rvkyfEdkifcifppfwyfu tm%modrf;cJhvdk@ vlxkta&;awmfyHk}uD; wcef;&yfcJhwmjzpfygw,f?

tm;enf;csufawG vdktyfcsufawGcsnf; ajymrdvdk@ &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHk}uD;u t&_H;eJ@tqHk;owfcJh&w,fvdk@ r,lqapcsifygbl;? jynfolw&yfvHk; tm;udk;&wJh acgif;aqmifay:xGef;cJhwm/vlxk=um; EdkifiHa&;todawG udef;atmif;vmwm/ awmfvSefa&;rsKd;qufrjywfbJ &SdaewmawGu&Spfav;vHk;&JŒ tusK d;&v'frsm;jzpfygw,f? tm%myd ki fawG&JŒ &ufpufr_/ aumufuspfr_ /


47

rajzmihfrwfr_awGu ta&;awmfyH k&JŒ tm;enf;csuf tm;omcsufrsm;eJ@ bmrS rqdkifygbl;?acgif;pOfvGJrSm;+yD; aumufcsufcsrdwwfvdk@yg?

t*Fvdyf-jrefrm ppfyG JawGud k oH k;oyfxm;wJ h ausmif;oH k;ord ki f;pmtkyfawGrSmvufeuftiftm;/ vltiftm; rrSsvdk@ ta&;edrfhcJh&w,fvdk@ zwfcJh&awmh vufeufrsm;&if 'gr[kwfvlrsm;&if Ed ki frvd kvd k awG;rdz l;ygw,f? tJ'gawGrsm;&ifa&m t*Fvdyfud k taotcsmEd ki fc J hrvm;qd kwmuvnf; ra&&myg? &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyH kr Smvnf; b,folawGub,fvdkrvkyfvdk@/ b,folawGu rnDnGwfvdk@/ tcsdefumv wdkawmif;vdk@/ ppfwyfu vufOD;vdk@ pojzifhaumufcsufcs=uayr,fh tJ'gawG wu,fjzpfcJh&ifa&m atmifjrifrSmvm; qdkwJhtcsufuvnf;raocsmyg? 'DvdkvkyfrdcJh&if aumif;om;/ [dkvdk rvkyfvdkufrdvdk@ 'Dvdkjzpfwm pojzifh aemifww&m;awGudkqkyfudkif&if; vufnSK d;xdk;r,fhtpm; vkyfp&m&S dwmvkyf&if; t&m&mtwGuf toifh jyifzd k@}udK;pm;&rSmjzpfygw,f?

wdkif;jynf&JŒuH=urRmqdkwm jynfolvlxk&JŒ uH=urRmeJ@ xyfwlusaeygw,f? wpfOD;csif;&JŒuH=urRm aumif;zdk@ wpfOD;csif;uyJ }udK;pm;&rSmyg? twdwfudk twdwfrSm xm;&pfcJhayr,fh twdwfuoifcef;pmawG/ tm;enf;csuf vpf[mcsufawGudkawmh trSwf&qifjcifzdk@vdkygw,f? wcsdefu rSm;cJh&ifxyfrrSm;zdk@/ wcsdefu vdktyfcsufawG&SdcJh&if jznfhpGufjyifqifzdk@ vdktyfygw,f? aemufudk jyefiJh=unfhzdk@vdktyfayr,fh a&SŒudkawmh a&mufatmifvSrf;&rSm jzpfygw,f?

&Spfav;vHk;vdk aemufxyf ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wpfck jzpfay:zdk@qdkwm raocsmayr,fh 1988ckESpfuawmh &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wpfck taotcsmudk ay:aygufcJhwmyg? qdk;onfjzpfapaumif;onfjzpfap ordkif;qdkwm b,fawmhrS azsmufzsufvdk@ r&Edkifyg? ?

xdefvif;“““““jrefrmjynfu ppfwyfqdkwm”””””


48

88 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk[m ausmif;om;awG&JŒ EdkifiHa&;Edk;=um;r_ay:rSmtajccH+yD; wjcm;vwfwavm ta=umif;rsm;eJ@ wdkufqdkifay:aygufcJhwmjzpfygw,f? ta&;awmfyHk}uD;udk t"duOD;aqmif=uwm[m vli,fausmif;om;awGjzpf+yD; olwdk@udk pwifyl;aygif; tiftm;jznfh=uwm vnf;vli,fawGyJjzpfygw,f?

rqv acwftwGif;rSm ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_awG t}udrf}udrfay:cJhayr,fh tm%mydkifawG&JŒESdyfuGyfr_a=umifh ae&mtESH@ us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ }uD;rm;wJhtHk=uGr_awG rjzpfcJhygbl;? 'ga=umifhyJrqv tm%mydkifawGu wdkif;jynftm%mudk 26 ESpf=umatmif xdef;csKyfEdkifcJhw,fvdk@ qdk&ygvdrfhr,f?'gayr,fhvnf; +idrfoufaewJhtaetxm;&JŒaemufuG,frSm Edk;=um;wJhEdkifiHa&; pdwf"mwfawGu&Sdaeygw,f? tJ'Dvdk EdkifiHa&; todtjrifawGay:aygufzdk@/ awmfvSefcsifwJhpdwf"mwfawG udef;atmif;zdk@b,ft&mawGu wGef;tm;ay;cJhygovJ?

vwfwavmjzpf&yfawGa=umifh rcHr&yfEdkifjzpf=u&ayr,fh rcHcsifpdwfwpfckwnf;eJ@ta&;awmfyHk rjzpfEdkifygbl;? 'DtajctaeawGuae awmfvSefa&;wpf&yfqDudk ul;ajymif;zdk@tiftm;awGvdktyfwmawmh trSefygyJ? txl;ojzifh w&m;r_ rw&m;r_awGtay: qifjcifoHk;oyfEdkifr_awGeJ@ tm%m&Sifpepfatmufu awmfvSefzdk@tawG;tac:awG vdktyfwm taotcsmygyJ?'DvdktawG;tac:awG tod m%fawGu csufcsif;xGufwwfwwfwJht&mawG r[kwfbJ tcsdefumvtwdkif;twmwpfckudk jzwfoef;+yD;rS &&SdEdkifwJht&mawGjzpfygw,f?

rqv acwf[m 'Duae@acwfavmuf zdES dyfr_r&Sdayr,fh Ed kifiHa&;eJ@ywfoufwJht&mawGudkawmh ydwfyifwm;jrpfr_awGuawmh &SdcJhwmygyJ? 'ga=umifh vGwfvyfyGifhvif;wJh pme,fZif;ta&;tom;awGuae EdkifiHa&;qdkif&mtawG;tac:awG/ todtjrifawG r&Edkifygbl;? 'gayr,fhvnf;tawG@t}uHK&SdolawGqDu &wJh oifcef;pmawG/ tawG@t}uHKawGudkawmh avhvmcGifh&&SdcJhygw,f?txl;ojzifh vGwfvyfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_umvtwGif; jzwfoef;vmcJh&olawG a&;om;=uwJh rSwfwrf;

ocif¶_armifqdkwJh OD;ae0if; udk xdyg;ajymqdkcJhwJhjypfr_utckumv jynfaxmifpk}uHŒcdkifa&;ESifh zGH@+zdK;a&;toif; ¶Hk;cef;xJrSmxdkif+yD;AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$. aemufqHk;ae@rsm; qdkwJhpmtkyfa&; =ur,fvdk@ ajymqdkwJhjypfr_eJ@ twlwlyJ jzpfygvdrfhr,f?

ta&;awmfyHk ausmif;om;rsm;xdefvif;


49

xdefvif;16 / 8 / 2008

rSwf&mawG/ tjzpftysuftawG@t}uHKawGud k zwf&rSwf&+yD; Ed k ; =um;wJ htodtjrifawGay:aygufvmcJhwmjzpfygw,f?

rqv acwftwGif;rSm qJAif;Zlvd ki f ta&;tcif;/ OD;oef@psmyeta&;tcif;/r_dif;&mjynfhta&;tcif;/ tvkyform; ta&;tcif; pwJh ta&;tcif;awGta=umif; a&;om;cGifhr&Sdayr,fh vGwfvyfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ordkif;uae rqv acwfOD;avmuftxd tjzpftysufawGudkawmha&;om;xkwfa0cGif h&cJ hygw,f? Oyrmtm;jzif h odef;azjrif h& JŒ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;/ta&SŒuae0ef;xGufonfhyrm/ rif;ausmf&JŒ igwdk@acwfeJ@t+ydKif/ ausmfatmif&JŒ or*~tvHawmfatmuf0,f/ '*kefwm&m&JŒ &kyfyHkv$m/ 'dk@acwfukd a&muf&rnfrSm rvGJyg pwJh pmtkyfawG[mEdkifiHa&;todtjrifEdk;=um;wJh vli,fawGudk arG;xkwfay;cJhw,fvdk@ qdkEdkifygw,f? 8 av;vHk;ta&;awmfyH kud k OD;aqmifcJ hwJ h ausmif;om;awG&JŒ pdwfxJrSm tJ'Dvd k pmayawG&JŒ =oZmouf0ifaecJhwJhta=umif; 8 av;vHk; ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfwJh udkoufxGef;u tckvdkajymjyzl;ygw,f?

“usaemfwdk@ trsKd;om;awmfvSefa&;ordkif;rSm e,fcsJŒqef@usifa&;ordkif;rSm jzpfvmcJhwJhausmif;om;awG&JŒ v_yf&Sm;r_awG/ 'Djzpfwnfr_ or*~&JŒv_yf&Sm;r_awG ay:aygufvmr_awG tJ'gawGuusaemfwdk@awmufavSsmuf zwfcJhrSwfcJh avhvmcJh usaemfwdk@&ifxJ pGJaecJhwmawGavAsm? tJ'Dawmhusaemfwdk@udk,fwdkif wuUodkvfe,fajr a&mufwJhtcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@udk,fwdkif rw&m;zdESdyfr_udkcHpm;ae&w,fvdk@ odvmwJhtcsdefrSm/ EkdifiHwumeJ@,SOf+yD; usaemfwdk@wdkif;jynf qkwf,kwfedrfhyg;aew,f/jynfolvlxk&JŒb0awG qkwf,kwfqdk;0g;aew,f? 'gawGudk odvmwJhtcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@ &ifxJrSmpGJaewJhusaemfwdk@*k%f,lcJhwJh/ usaemfwdk@ tm;uscJhwJh EdkifiHa&;t& a&SŒu trsKd;om;a&;t& v_yf&Sm;cJhwJhjzpfcJhwJh[mawG[m usaemfwdk@ yHkazmfatmif}udK;pm;wmyJav? tJ'g usaemfwdk@ tdyfrufawG”

wu,fawmh rqv acwftwGif;rSm 'DvdkpmayrsKd;awGu trsm;pkr[kwfygbl;? rqvtpdk;&tvdkus a&;om;cJh=uwJh ocifoef;xGef;.aemufqHk;ae@rsm;/ Zifcspf aemufqHk;ae@ pwJhpmtkyfrsKd;awGeJ@ jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpf vrf;pOfygwDu xkwfa0+yD; aps;aygaygeJ@ jzef@a0wJh pmtkyfpmwrf;awGu ae&mwdkif;rSm &SdaecJhwmjzpfygw,f?

'gayr,fhvnf; 'Dpmtkyfpmwrf;awGu txufrSm azmfjycJhwJh pmtkyfawG&J@ t&Sdeft0gudkrausmfEdkifcJhygbl;? 'geJ@ywfoufvdk@ 1987 ckESpfavmufu &efukefwuUodkvf(yifr) &mrnaqmifrSm&SdwJhvrf;pOfvli,f pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD ¶Hk;cef;xJrSmxdkif&if; usaemfwdk@oli,fcsif;wpk‘ocif¶_armif.aemufqHk;ae@rsm;’ qdkwJhpmtkyf a&;=ur,fqdk+yD; tajymiftjyuf ajymcJh=uwmudk oGm;+yD;owd&rdygw,f?ocif¶_armifqdkwJh OD;ae0if; udk xdyg;ajymqdkcJhwJhjypfr_u tckumv jynfaxmifpk}uHŒcdkifa&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;a&;toif; ¶Hk;cef;xJrSmxdkif+yD; AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$. aemufqHk;ae@rsm; qdkwJh pmtkyfa&;=ur,fvdk@ ajymqdkwJhjypfr_eJ@ twlwlyJ jzpfygvdrfhr,f?

b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf rqvacwftwGif; xGuf&SdcJhwJh EkdifiHa&;qdkif&mpmtkyfawG[m 8 av;vHk;ta&;awmfyHk ausmif;om;vli,frsm;udkomru uae@acwf vli,frsm;txd =oZmoufa&mufr_&Sdaeygw,f? 'ga=umifhyJ t&ifxkwfa0cJhwJh wcsKdŒpmtkyfawGudk jyefvnfxkwfa0cGifh ray;awmhwmjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh ta&;awmfyHk ausmif;om;awGuawmh t+rJwrf; xGufay: aerSmjzpfygw,f?


50

&Spfav;vH k; ta&;awmfyH k }uD;qd kwm wu,fhud ky J jynfvH k;uíwf &[ef;&Si fvljynfoltaygif;yg0ifwJh r[mta&;awmfyHk}uD;jzpfygw,f? q&m/ q&mr/ ausmif;om;/ ausmif;ol/ppfom;/ &Jom;/ tvkyform; v,form;/ a,m*D/ oDv&Sif pojzifh tukefyg0if=uygw,f?jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkwdkif;rSm a&S@qHk;wef;u t+rJyg0if qifE$Javh&SdolawGuawmh pma&;q&mawGygyJ?tzrf;tqD;/ tcsKyftaESmif/ towftjzwfcH }uHKol awGxJrSmvnf; pma&;q&mawG yg0if=uygw,f?

pma&;q&mvdk hqdk&mrSm 0wWK/ uAsm pwJh &opmayawG a&;olawGa&m/ pme,fZif;orm;awGa&m tm;vHk;udkqdkvdkygw,f? pma&;q&m/ owif;pmq&m qdkwmawG[m urBmhEdkifiHa&;/ArmhEdkifiHa&; wdk@udk t+rJxdawG@ae=uolawGyg? tvm;wlyJ a&S@aeawG/ ausmif;om;awG/ q&mawG[mvnf; pmt+rJ zwfae=uolawGjzpfvdk@ todynm&SifawGyDyD urBmhowif;/ Armhowif;eJ@ruif;uGmpaumif; olawGyJjzpf=u ygw,f?

xdk@a=umif h jynfolawG&J@b0rSm atmufusaemufus jzpfaewmawG vl@tcGifhta&; awG qHk;&_H;aewmawGw&m;Oya'&J@ txufrSmppfwyfu wuf&yfaewmawGud k c Hpm;od& S d& H krub,folw&m;cH/ b,fpepfu w&m;cHqdkwmudk yGJ=unfhpif a&S@qHkwef;u =unfholawGvd k aumi f ;aumi f ;od&S dae =uol awGjzpfygw,f? jynfolawGu &kyfoHeJ@

pme,fZif;awGtm;vHk;udk tm%m&Sif ppfAdkvfawGu csKyfudkif+yD; rsufpdrSdwf/ em;ydwfxm;wJh=um;urjrifcsif/ r=um;csiftqHk;/ =um;jrifod&Sd+yD; rcJ&yfEdkifwJhtqHk; aygufuGJoGm;cJhwmyJ jzpfygw,f?

pma&;q&meJ@ owif;pmq&mawG trsm;qHk; pka0;aexdkif=uwmu +rdK@awmf&efukefeJ@'kwd, +rdK@awmf rEWav;wdk@jzpfygw,f? rHk&Gm/ jrif;jcH/ armfv+rdKif/ yJcl;/ ysOf;rem; pwJh +rdK@}uD;awGupma&;q&m/ yef;csD/ yef;yk q&mawGeJ@ obifr_ ynmonfawGvnf; ol@+rdK@eJ@ol yg0ifOD;aqmif=u+yD;wcsdK@u &efukef/ rEWav;udk wufvm=uwmawG&Sdovdk &efukef/ rEWav;uae e,fudkqif;oGm;+yD;

&Spfav;vHk; 'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;eJ h

armifpGrf;&nf

pma&;q&mrsm;


51

yg0ifv_yf&Sm;=uolawGvnf; &Sdygw,f?&efukefrSmqdk&if waeukef pka0;vrf;avSsmuf qENjyolawGvnf; &Sdaeygw,f? +rdK@e,fwdkif;/

&yfuGufwdkif;rSm pifxdk;+yD; a[majym=u&mrSm rqv wif;jynfhygwD0ifawGu wufwuf=uG=uGeJ@pifxdk;ay;=u/ yg0ifa[majymay;=uygw,f? pma&;q&m/ umwGef;q&m/ tqdkawmf/ &kyf&Sifrif;om;pwJh pmayeJ@ tEkynm e,fy,frsdK;pHkudk zdwfrH+yD;awmh a[majymEdkif=uwmawGvnf; trsm;}uD;ae&mrvyf/ tcsdefrvyfygyJ?

ocifudk,fawmfr_ dif;&kyfyH k / Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;&kyfyH kawGudk aemufcHjyKxm;=u+yD;cGyfa'gif;tvHawG wvlvleJ@ygyJ? a[majym=uolawGudkvnf; vufarmif;wdk@/ ezl;wdk@rSm cGyfa'gif;awGpnf;ay;=uygw,f? waeukef b,fpifa&mufvdk@a&mufrSef; rodawmhygbl;?

pma&;q&mawG wa,mufqif;/ wa,mufxGuf a[majymae=uwmudk ae@pOfawG@Edkifwmuawmh aq;&Hk}uD;xJrSmygyJ? q&m0efawG/ olemjyKawG tm;vHk; yg0ifpDpOf OD;aqmif=uygw,f?tauí;tarG;/ aomufa&/ tcsdK&nfrSpvdk@ vdkavao;r&Sdygbl;? OD;0if;wif/ OD;0if;cuf/ Adkvfaomfu/OD;wifrdk;/ armifudk,k/ armifrdk;ol pojzifh pma&;q&m/ owif;pmq&m}uD;rsm;u OD;aqmif=uygw,f?

&Hk;csKyfzGif hawmh a':atmifqef;pk=unf&J@tdrfeJ@eD;wJ h c&pf,mefomoemjyK &H k ;wckxJrSmpzGifhygw,f? a&$ularESif;/ prf;prf;EGJ@ (om,m0wD)/=uL=uLoif;pwJh trsdK;orD;rsm;udkvnf;awG@&ygw,f?Zm*em/ rif;odcF/ *k%fxl;odef;EdkkifqdkwJh ta[mtajymaumif; yk*~dKvfawGudkvnf; oGm;av&m ol@rsufESmqdkovdk awG@&wwfav&J@? usaemfa0zefzl;wJh rifodcFudkawmh 'DcsKyf&Hk; rD;zdkacsmifrSm wa,mufudk wa,mufrodbJ xrif;vufqHk pm;cJ@&wm rarhygbl;?

+rdK@xJu py,fOD; pmaywdkufuawmh +rdK@v,frSm ta&;awmfyHk&Hk;cef; jzpfaeav&J@? OD;0if;wif/rHk&Gmwifa&$/ armifudk,k/ rif;odcF/ armifrdk;olwdk@ 0ifvdkufxGufvdkufygyJ? pdefcifarmif&D/ armifrdk;ol/taxmufawmfvSatmif/ armif0Ho wdk@uawmh owif;pmavmuu vmolawG r[kwfvm;?owif;pm/ *sme,fawG jyefxkwfae=uygw,f? armifomEdk;vnf; owif;pmq&m jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f?+rdK@xJu py,fOD;teD;rSm a[majymyGJawG trsm;}uD;ygyJ?

rlvwef;ausmif;av; wpfckxJrSmxifw,f? pma&;q&mor*~zGJ@=uygw,f? q&myg&*lOuUX/ OD;0if;wif 'kwd, OuUX/ ewfEG,fu twGif;a&;r_/ wifrdk;vnf;yg&J@? usefwmrrSwfrd/usaemfuawmh urm&Gwf+rdK@e,frSm pma&;q&m or*~zGJ@ygw,f? OuUXu tÀ0g pdk;rdk;ol/ usaemfeJ@armifjrifhjrwf vnf;ygw,f? twGif;a&;r_;u a,meu zdk;axmif xifygw,f?

pmayeJ@ tEkynme,fu yk*~dkvfawGudk 'Drdkua&pD qENjyK vufrSwf aumufcH=uawmhOD;0if;wif/ OD;0if;cuf/ OD;udk,k/ OD;wifa&$/ armifrdk;ol pojzifhygw,f? olwdk@a&;wJha=unmcsufudkvufrSwf xdk;cdkif;w,f? olwdk@a=unmcsufudk rzwfbJ vufrSwfudk t&ifxdk;ygw,f? um;armif;ydk@wJh"avol&JwpfOD;"u pmrzwfbJ axmufcHvdk@ tHh=oa=umif; aemiftcgrSm rSwfwrf;wifygw,f?

a&$ularESif;uawmh r+yD;ao;wJ h a=unmcsufud k vufrSwf rxd k;vd kufygbl;/olvkyfwmrSefygw,f? usaemfvkyfwmvnf; rrSm;bl;ayg h? usaemfu vufrSwfxd k;&H kru


52

xvdkufoGm;ygw,f? aZmf*sD/ rif;ok0%f/ OD;&efatmif pwJh vl}uD;awG&J@tdrfudk wef;oGm;=uw,f?xyf+yD;tHh=op&mu "rif;wdk@vkyfwmyJuGm.....'Drd kua&pDa&;yJuGm"qdk+yD; q&mwdk@uvnf;pmudkrzwfbJ vufrSwfxdk;vdkuf =uygw,f? 'g&dkufwmcifaZmfeJ@ orD;awGuawmh }uHawm(okomef)xJrSm rHk&Gm OD;av;cef@udk vdkufydk@&if;eJ@ qHk=uawmh owif;=um;eJ@ penf;em+yD; vufrSwfxdk;vdkuf=uygw,f? usaemfhudkrodbJ }uHawmy&dowfxJrSm &Sm=uygw,f?

urm&Gwfvrf;qHkrSmvnf; qENjyyGJawG pk&yfjzpfaeygw,f? bGJ@&ausmif;om;a[mif;awG/tpmiwfcHqENjyawmh nrSmrdk;&Gmw,f? ykwD;ukef;armifpdef0if;u olrsm;xuf 2 q jyr,fa=unmxm;ygw,f? {&m0wD qdkwJh uAsm&Snf}uD;udk &Gwfvdkufwm aumif;rSaumif;/ usaemfu 0*~D&yfuGuf tzGJ@eJ@oGm;a&mufyl;aygif;ulnD&if; a0,sm0pPvkyf&ygw,f?

nrdk;&Gm reufvif;cgeD;awmh q&mrif;ok0%fudk ol@orD;ESif;ok0%fu wGJydk@w,f? q&mursuf&nf+zdKif+zdKifus&Smw,f? q&mjyefoGm;awmh bGJ@&ausmif;om;xJrSmygwJh "gwkaA' usL&Sifq&mrdk[def; (wifrdk;&J@wl)u "q&m...olb,folvJ"wJh/ "q&m}uD; rif;ok0%fuG"qdkawmh rdk;pdkxJxdkifaewJhvlwcsdK@u 0kef;ueJx+yD; vdkufac:ay;ygwJh? usaemfvdkufac:awmh "ig t&SufuGJw,fuGm....rsuf&nfrusyJ raeEdkifbl;/ rif;yJ ighudk,fpm;oGm;"qdk+yD; uAsmwyk'fa&;ay;wm usaemfzwfjy&w,f?t}udrf}udrfyg/ vufckyfoH wajzmif;ajzmif;eJ@?

q&mpdefcifarmif&Dvnf; tapm}uD;xvmawmh usaemfyJ rdkufcGufa&S@vdkufydk@+yD;tdrfjyefcJ hw,f? vrf;rSm q&m}uD;cifarmifvwfeJ@ a':cifrsdK;cspfwdk@ twGJvnf;awG@&w,f?"q&m}uDrif;ok0%f vmoGm;w,f" qdkawmh/ olwdk@vnf; oGm;+yD; tm;ay;pum;ajymrvdk@wJh?usaemfu ta=umif;pH kajymjyawmh "igwdk@vnf; id kcsifvm+yD"qdk+yD; tdrfxJjyef0if=uw,f?wpfa,mufwpfapmifpD o0%fv$ma&;+yD; "a&mh...rif;oGm;zwf"wJh.....?

vrf;rSm q&m}uD;wdk@&J@om; a'gufwmcifarmif0if;eJ@ pma&;q&mr a&$&D0if;wdk@xGufvmwm awG@&awmh q&m}uD;wdk@pmudk olwdk@vufxJxnfh+yD;/ usaemfu tcrf;tem;r_;ae&majy;oGm;zdwfac: vdkufygw,f? yGJpnfoGm;ygw,f? q&m}uD;rif;ok0%f&J@ uAsmudkawmh rEWav;u&Spfav;vHk;*sme,fu vSrf;awmif;vdk@ ay;vdkufw,f? "&Sdwmay;yg/ wifrdk;eJ@ armifpGrf;&nfwdk@a&;wmwckckwJh"? "vufxJygwmyJ ay;r,f" qdk+yD; ay;vdkufawmh olwdk@tvef@w=um;0rf;omoGm;=uav&J@?

rEWav; pmaytiftm;pkuvnf; &Spfav;vHk;rSm 0dkif;=uw,f? udkodef;wef/ udkbkef;}udKifwdk@vnf; EdkifiHa&;orm;}uD;awG jzpfukef=uw,f? &efukefudk c%c%vmw,f? armifomEdk;/ EkEk&nf(tif;0)eJ@ *k%fxl;odef;Edkifwdk@vnf; =unfatmifeJ@ udkav; (tif;0*k%f&nf) wdk@eJ@qHk+yD; tnmwcGifpnf;&Hk;a[majym/ ajym=uwm wae@wnf; av;ig;yGJwJh? q&mAef;armfndKEGJ@vnf; tvGefat;&Smwm?Aef;armfbufrSm OD;aqmif v_yf&Sm;+yD; trwfta&G;cHw,f? q&mrif;ok0%f ta&G;cHawmh wifrdk;tem;rSm r&Sdbl;? a&eHajrudk trwfavmif; pmayavmu ocifcifnGef@eJ@ vdkufoGm;owJh?wynfh&if;awGu ta0;uG,f&mu tm;ay;=uyg&J@?

usaemfu &efukefrSmusefcJh+yD; t&yfwuma&mufygw,f? pmjiif;zuf aZmfaZmfatmifac:oli,fcsif; aZmfjrifheJ@vnf; wGJ&/ a[m&ygw,f? a[majymwkef; tavmif;}uD; pifjrifha&S@u o,foGm;vdk@bmajym&rSef;awmif rodvdkufawmhygbl;? urm&Gwfbufjyefvmawmh wuUodkvf "rRm&HkrSm wuUodkvfbkef;Edkif/ a'gufwmcifarmif0if;(ocsFm) wdk@ a[majymae=uyg+yD? aumif;avpG?


53

trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSm Adkvfr_;csKyfa[mif; atmif}uD;u uGefjrLepf wap>ajcmuf+yD;cGJxGufoGm;av&J@? 0rf;enf;p&mayr,fh 0rf;omygw,f? pma&;q&mawG OD;aqmif+yD; a':pkudk 0ef;&Hzdk@wwfodynm&Sifrsm; tzGJ@zGJ@=uygw,f? wifrdk;u obmywd rdef@cGef;ajymw,f? 'g&dkufwm0if;az/'g&dkufwm armifrdk;ol/ rif;om;atmifvGif/ tqdkawmf pdkif;xD;qdkifwdk@ ygvm=uygw,f?

tpnf;ta0;+yD;rS rEWav;u a&mufvmwJh ay:OD;oufvnf; wifrdk;/ Adokumausmf0if;eJ@usaemfwdk@&Sif;jyawmh ygvmw,f? aemufawmh rEWav;rSm a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ trfata':tkef;(1936rSm udkatmifqef;/ udkEkwdk@eJ@twl aumvdyfoydwfudk acgif;aqmifarSmufcJhol 2 OD;) eJ@ qHk=uawmhay:OD;oufu a&S@u?

ppfwyfu tm%modrf;wJhtcg pma&;q&m/ owif;pmq&mawG tm;vHk;avmuftzrf;cH=u&w,f? OD;0if;wif tapmqHk;yg? Adkvfaomfu/ armifudk,k/ rHk&Gmwifa&G/ armifrdk;ol/ wifrdk;/armif0Ho/ nDykav;/ udkav;/ =unfatmif/ odef;wef/ odef;wif (wifodef;armif)/ ombef;/ +rdK@rwifat;/rHk&Gmatmif&Sif/ zsmyHkvHkeDOD;/ atmifZifrif; armifr_dif;vGif/ atmifyGifh/ a&$ularESif;/ prf;prf;EGJ@(om,m0wD)/ roDwm (prf;acsmif;)/ +idrf;opf/ pdefvSOD; trsm;}uD;ygyJ? rif;ok0%f/ OD;cifarmifvwf/a':cifrs d K;cspf rdom;pk/ pdefcifarmif&D/ armifpGrf;&nf pwJh urm&Gwf pma&;q&mawGudkaxmufvSrf;a&; (6) rSm tenf;qHk;(2)&ufpD ac:ppfygw,f?

usaemf hud k tpd k;&tvkyf jyefvkyfaevdk@ xyfrac:awmhyJ / &H k ;csKyfrSm ac:,l+yD;"tjrifr=unfol" tjzpf pmeJ@ayeJ@ owday;ygw,f? wcsdK@awmh uGefvGefukef=u&Smyg+yD? ppfwyfuESdyfpufnSif;yef;vdk@yg? pma&;q&m/ owif;pmq&mawGuawmh 'Drdkua&pD r&rcsif; qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifae=uOD;rSm rvGJygbl;?

[Hom0wDOD;0if;wif


54

armifpdef0if;


55


56

usrwd k h r dom;p kr Sm odwwfwJ h 6 wef; / 7 wef; t&G,fuwnf;u tazausmif;om;orkdif;udk tjrJajymjycJhygw,f? udkvdkeDe,fcsJhudkawmfvSefcJhwJh ausmif;om;awGtajumif;/1962 ckeSpfu oludk,fwdkif juHkcJh&wJh ausmif;om; awmfvSefa&;ordkif;/ 1974 ckeSpfrSm oljrifawGhvdkuf&wJhausmif;om;tH k juGr_ awG[m tm;usp&maumif;vSygw,f? r_ di f ;&mjynf hy G J tajumif;?AdkvfjuD;tkef;ausmfjrifh? udkqvdkif;wifarmifOD; pwJh vlawGtajumif;[m tdrfrufwwfcgp 10ausmfoufav; usr&ifxJrSm pGJruftm;usrdwJh tajumif;t&mawGjzpfoGm;cJhygw,f?

'gajumifhvJ 1988 ckeSpfa&mufawmh touf 19 eSpfyJ&Sdao;wJh usr[m b,ft&mudkrSy"e rxm;yJ qefhusifvdkpdwf wpfckwnf; tm;udk;jyD; awmfvSeftHkjuGr_xJudkyg0ifvmygw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefu'kwd,eSpfausmif;oljzpfwJh usr[m rwfv ta&;awmfyHkwkef;u xJxJ0if0ifrygjzpfcJhygbl;? ab;uae&yfjunfhtm;ay; tqifhuae ZGefvta&;awmfyHkrSmawmh xJxJ0if0ifyg0ifedkifcJhygw,f? ZGefv 21&ufaehuawmh wdkufyGJxJrSm jynfoleJh ausmif;om; yl;aygif;rdoGm;juygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefupvdkhjynfolawGrSm tajumufw&m;z,f&Sm;vdkufedkif juygw,f? ausmif;om;a&m/ jynfola&m&Jh &ifxJrSmpnf;vH k;nDnGwf&if OD;ae0if;acgif;aqmifwJ h tm%m&SifawGudk z,f&Sm;ed ki fr,fqdkwmudk,HkjunfoGm;ygawmhw,f? tJ'Dpdwf"gwfu 8 av;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkjuD; ay:aygufzdkh tpysdK;cJhwmyJjzpfygw,f? ZGefausmif;awGydwfjyD;aemufydkif; usrwdkhausmif;om;awG[m udk,fh&Jh tpktzGJ heJ hudkqufvufv_yf&Sm;aejuygw,f? usruawmh armifarmifausmfeJh udkatmif'ifOD;aqmifwJh (BYLF)

vdkhac:wJh ArmjynfvGwfajrmufa&; vli,fwyfOD;rSm yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhygw,f? 'DvdkeJh Zlv_difvtwGif;usrwdk hawG&J h e,ftESH@ pnf;vHk;a&;c&D;pOf pwifygw,f? tJ'D ht&D;pOf[m usrwdk htwGufpdwfv_yf&Sm;p&mvnf;aumif;ovdk ajumufp&mvnf; aumif;cJhygw,f? nzuf vmzrf;&if xGufajy;vdkh&atmifqdkwJh pdwful;eJh nrtdyfyJvnf; aecJhbl;ygw,f?

cifjidrf;opf

tjzLa&mif ay;qyfr+rsm;

““ tm%m&SifawGuvnf;aovkaocif tm%mudk

jyef&Sifoefatmiftm;xkwfaeovdk

usrwdk@jynfolawGbufuvnf;tm%m&SifpepftjyD;wdkif

cskyfjidrf;oGm;zdk@pnf;vHk;nDnGwfpGm

wdkufcdkufoifhwJh tcsdefvdk h ””””””””””


57

'DvdkeJh tm;vHk; wnDwnGwfwnf; wdkufyGJac:xm;wJh jo*kwfvudk a&mufvmygw,f?tJ' Dtcs de f[m usrwd k htwGuf wu,f hud k &i fc ke fv_y f& Sm;vmygw,f? wd kufy G JawGuwu,fjzpfvmrSmvm;? rjzpfvmbl;vm;? odcsifpdwfawGeJh usrwdkh &ifckefaejuygw,f? usr&,f/ usr&Jharmifav;&,f/ armifav;oli,fcsif; armifarmifjuG,f&,f usrwdkh 3 a,muf n rtdyfyJzefacsmif;awGoHk;jyD; qefhusifpmawGudk &dkufeSdyfcJhjuygw,f? zefacsmif;oHk;jyD;pm&dkufw,fqdkwmut&ifOD;qHk; za,mif;azmuf(za,mif;pm&Gufay:pma&;jcif;) jyD;&if rSefjym;ay:rSm pmul;pufrSifudknDnDnmnmjzpfatmifokwf/ azmufxm;wJh za,mif;puULudk rwGefh/ racguf/ jyefhaeatmifckeurSefjym;ay:rSm jzefhcif;/ jyD;awmhrS tJ'Day:uae zefacsmif;eJh ajz;ajz;csif; vSdrfhay;&w,f?

wpfcgvSdrfhzdkh vl 2 a,mufawmhvdkygw,f? wpfa,mufu pm&Guf a&GhroGm;atmifxdef;ay;&jyD;/ wpfa,mufu zefacsmif;vSdrfh&ygw,f? 'gajumifh 3 a,mufom; tvSnfheJh vkyfju&w,f?tay:uwGef;&wmjzpfvdkh za,mif;puULu tjumjuD;rcHbl;? pkwffjyJoGm;wwfw,f? za,mif;wpf&Gufudkt&Guf 200 eJ h 300 jum;rSmyJ&wwfw,f? aemufjyD; zefacsmif;ud kvJ *&kpd kuf&w,f?tm;odyfjyif;oGm;&if usdK;oGm;r,f? tm;aysmhvGef;oGm;&if pmrxifwwfawmhbl;? reufus&ifawmhnu &dkufxm;wJh pm&GufawGudk vdkif;um;udkpD;jyD; vlpnfwJh ae&ma&muf&if um;ay:uae juJcswmrsdk;/vufbuf&nfqdkifawGu pm;yGJawGay:rSm txyfvdkufcscJhwmrsdK;tygt0if usrwdkh Om%frSDor#awmh}udK;pm;aecJhygw,f? 'gajumifhvJ usr&Jhaararu usrwdkh armifESrudk vlcGJwJh taeeJha&m/ usrudkaxmufvSrf;a&;vdkufaew,fvdkh ,lqwma&majumifh usrta':&SdaewJh oHk;cGjrdkhudk ydkhvdkufygw,f?

oHk;cGjrdK@udkoGm;&vdk h usrpdwfrnpfygbl;? oHk;cGjrdK@&J h vltpnfum;qHk;ae&mjzpfwJhoHk;cGaps;xJrSm usr wudk,fawmf pmawGvdkufuyfygw,f? jzpfcsifawmh oHk;cGjrdK@rSm&SdaewJhausmif;om;awGu usreJh twlyl;aygif;yg0ifvmjuygw,f? 'gajumifh oHk;cGjrdK@av;rSmqefhusifpm&GufawGyvlysHoGm;ygw,f? 'gajumifhvJyJ usroHk;cGjrdK@uae jo*kwf 7 &ufaehnaerSm &efukefjyefa&mufvmygw,f? oHk;cGudka&mufrS usrodvdkuf&wmu 62 ckeSpfor*~ausmif;om;a[mif; udkudk;uGsef;jyefOD;pdef0if;udk Zlv_difvukefydkif;xJu xdef;odrf;xm;w,fqdkwmygyJ? tJ'DnrSmawmh usrwdkh tdrfrSmarmifarmifjuG,fvmtdyfjyD;awmh reufjzefac:xm;wJh wd kufyG JawGtajumif; tm;yg;w&ajymjzpfjuygw,f? &efukefeJh 6 &ufavmuf tquftoG,fjywfaewJh usrudk &efukefrSm jzpfysufaewJhtajumif;t&mawGudk ajymjyjuygw,f? tJ'Dnuawmh 10 wef;atmifpm&if;apmifhaewJhausmif;om;awGvdkygyJ &ifckefoHawGu jrefvGef;aeygw,f? 10 wef;urS usoGm;&if jyefajzvdkh&ao;w,f? 'DyGJqdkwmu rjzpfawmhbl;qdk&if b,ftcsdeftxd jyefapmifh&rSmvJ qdkwm b,folrStmrrcHedkifbl;r[kwfvm;? usrtazvdk 62 ckrsdK;qufawGvnf; v_yf&Sm;wufjuGaeygw,f?tpOftvm&SdwJh edkifiHa&;orm;awG/ owif;pmorm;awG/ 62rsdK;qufausmif;om;a[mif;wcsdkK@udkvnf;xdef;odrf;xm;csdefjzpfygw,f?

8 &ufaehreufa&mufawmh usrwdkh reufcif;pm pm;jyD;wmeJh tdrfuxGufjuygw,f?tarwm;jrpfaewJh jum;uae xGufvmjuwmyg? usrwdkh vrf;xdyfa&mufawmh um;awGa&m vlawGygyHkrkeftwdkif;oGm;vmaejuwmudkawGh&ygw,f? usr&Jharmifav;u “tm;vHk;uawmh yHkrSefvdkyJ/ 'gayrJharmi fav;wd k h jzp fatmi fvky f&r,f” vd k h ol hu d k, fol ,H k, H k junf junfajymygw,f?armifarmifjuG,fuawmh 0g;vHk;rwdkr&Snfwpfacsmif;vdkwJh tajumif;ajymaeygw,f? rsufvHk;uvnf;r&yfrem; 0g;vHk;udk&Smaeygw,f? aemufawmhrSm um;rSwfwdkifrSm b,folvmxdk;xm;rSef;rodwJh 4


58

ayeD;yg;&SnfwJh 0g;vHk;udk olawG@oGm;awmhrSm olu “u&d,m wefqmyvmawG tm;vHk;jynfhpHkoGm;jyD?'Dwcgum;vm&if pD;r,f” vdkh ajymvdkufygw,f?

'DvdkeJh usrwdkh awGhwJh um;wufpD;vmvdkufwm ykZGefawmifaps;rSwfwdkifa&mufawmhti,fav;wdkh tajccHynm ausmif;om;rsm;or*~(tco) tzGJh0ifwcsdkK@udk awGhygw,f? 'gajumifhusrwdkhvJ um;ay:uae uref;uwrf; qif;juygw,f? ta&;xJ armifarmifjuG,f&Jh r[mwkwfawmfjuD;arhusefawmh rvdkh jzpfvdkufygao;w,f?

um;atmufa&mufawmh usrwdkhawG aygif;pnf;rdoGm;juygw,f? ti,fav;u “tajctae apmif h junfhtH k;rvm;” vdk h tm;vHk;ud k vSrf;ar;vdkufygw,f? usefolawGuwjydKifeufwnf;vdkvdkygyJ “pjur,fav” vdkh atmfvdkuf juygawmhw,f?

t&ifqH k;armifarmif juG,fu ol,lvmwJh 0g;vH k;r Sm jrefrmed ki fi HawmftvHud kv$ifhxlvdkufygw,f? jyD;awmhrS avxJrSm tm;yg;w& a0Sh&rf;vdkufjyD; um;vrf;ray:qif;jyD; rwfwyf&yfvdkufygw,f? usefwJh vlawGvnf; qif;oGm;jujyD; vufckyfawG oHjydKifwD;juygw,f? usruvrf;ab;vufbuf&nfqdkifu zifxdkifcHkykav;ay:rSm rwfwyf&yf “'Daeh[m tifrwef xl;jrwfwJhaehxl;aehjrwfjzpfygw,f? 'gajumifh wpfwdkif;jynfvHk; rqv uGseftjzpfu vGwfajrmufatmifawmfvSefa&; tiftm;pkawGeJh yl;aygif;juyg”vdkh ajymjyD; armifarmifjuG,fwdkh vrf;ay:u tkyfpkxHqif;oGm;cJhvdkuf ygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm usr&Jh &ifckefoHtawmfjyif;w,fqdkwmudk rSwfrdaeygao;w,f?cHkay:rSm rwfwyf&yfwJh tcsdefrSm usr ajcaxmufawG wqwfqwf wkefaeygw,f? wu,fawmhtJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u usr ajymcsifwmawG trsm;juD;&SdaecJhygw,f?

ykZGefawmif vrf;ray:rSm &SdaewJh aps;onfawG/ um;apmifhaewJh c&D;onfawG/ &yfuGufol&yfuGufom;awG/ tajumif;trsdK;rsdK;eJh ykZGefawmifvrf;ray: a&mufaeolawGu vufckyfjobmay;vdkufjuygw,f? ykZGefawmifaps;0ef;usifrSm vufckyfoHawG qlnHaeygw,f? usrwdkhvlpkvrf;rav#mufjuao;yJ rwfwyf&yfv#uf ajuG;ajumfoHawGwdkifvdkuf/ ti,fav;u rw&m;r_awGudkiHkcHaewm[m tm%m&Sifudk tm;ay;tm;ajrkmufvkyfaewmjzpfw,f? 'gajumifhtm%m&Sifudkqefhusifjuygvdkh atmfvdkufeJh vkyfaeygao;w,f? atmfvdkh tm;&awmhrS usrwdkh ykZGefawmifaps;a&Shuae a&ausmfvrf;rbufudk csDwufjuygw,f? a&ausmfvrf;rjuD;ay:rSmvnf;yJ c%&yfjyD;ajuG;ajumfoHawGatmfvdkuf/ ygvmwJh a,musfm;av;awGu pnf;&Hk;a[majymvdkuf eJh vkyfjuygw,f?a&ausmfbufuae vrf; 40 / tJ'Duae a&ausmfbufudkjyef0if/ a&ausmfxJudk xyfywf eJh usrwdkhykZGefawmif/ a&ausmfbufudk 2 ywf/ 3 ywfavmufywfjyD;csdefrSm usrwdkhaemufu vltkyfjuD;uawmfawmfjuD;vmaeygjyD? wdkufawGay:uae/ jcH0ef;xJuae/ vrf;ray:uae atmf[pftm;ay;aewJhvufckyfoHawGu nHpDaeygw,f? jynfolawG wdkufwJha&awG/ jynfolawGajuG;wJh rkefhawGudk usrwdkhqeNjyolawGu vufcH,ljuygw,f? wpfcsdK@tzdk;juD;awG/ tzGm;juD;awG rsuf&nfuswmudkawmifrSmawGhvdkuf&ygao;w,f?

ykZGefawmifrSm ywfcsmvnfae&if;u ti,fav;wdkhu a&ausmfarmifat;uzD; a&ShuaejyD;r[mAE<Kv vrf;buf udkazmufxGufzdkh tjuHjyKvmvdkh ppfajumif;u r[mAE<Kvvrf;bufqDudkOD;wnfvdkufygw,f? r[mAE<Kvvrf;udka&mufawmh yef;qdk;wef;rSwfwdkiffavmuftxd csDwufvmwJhtjcm;ppfajumif;awGu &Sdaeygw,f? usrwdkhppfajumif; yef;qdk;wef;rSwfwdkifeJh pdefaygvf rSwfwdkifjum;rSma&S hwd k ;vd k hr&awmhygbl;? usru ppfajumif;tajctaejunfhaewkef; usrwd k h BYLF


59

rSmtwlwlv_yf&Sm;wJh E ar*smu rtdwdkheJh awGhvdkh usr ppfajumif;xJu cGJxGufvdkufjyD; olwdkheJhvd kufoGm;ygw,f? usr vdkufoGm;wmudkawhGawmh usrarmifeJ h / armifarmifjuG,fwd k hvJraec J hy Jvd ku fvmygw,f? usrwd k hawG pp fa jumi f ;awGxJuae rvd ku fawmhy Jyvufazmif;ay:u&yfjunfhtm;ay;aeolawGjum;xJ wdk;a0ShjyD; ql;avxdyf txdoGm;junfhjuygw,f?usr b0rSm tJ'Dumvwkef;uyJ vlyifv,fudkawGhjrifbl;cJhygw,f? vlawGtm;vHk; pnf;urf;wus/pD;qif;aevdkufwm yifv,fjyifjuD;wr#ygyJ? v_dif;vHk;awG at;at;jidrfhjidrfhpD;qif;aewJh yifv,f/ork'N&mvdkrsdK; b,folrS wdk;a0Shausmfwufaewmr&SdyJ/ vlpkjuD;u wa&Gha&Gh/ wa&Gha&Gh? ajuG;ajumfoHawGuwjznf;jznf; nDnDnmnm jzpfvmvdkufwm yifv,fwpfpif;&Jh aw;oHvm;xifrSwf&ygw,f?vufckyfwD;tm;ay;aewJh toHawGu rdk;vHk;[def;r#ygyJ?

jo* kwfaevnf; wajz;a jz;a& G hvmawmhr,f? ql ;avxdy fuvlawGvnf;vSnfhywfcsDwufaejuygw,f? ql;avuae AdkvfcsKyfvrf; wpfav#muf csDwufoGm;wJh ppfajumif;awGeJhtwGif;0ef&Hk;xJu ppfom;wpfcsdK@ pum;rsm;w,fvdkh jum;cJhayrJh/ aqG;aeG;nd_e_dif; edkifcJhjuw,fvdkhrsufjrifoufaoawGu ajymjuygw,f? twGif;0ef&H k;bufu tajctaewif;rmw,fvdk hajymoHjum;awmh aemufqHk;rSm tm;vHk;u jrdK@awmfcef;ra&ShrSm w&m;yGJusif;yzdkh qHk;jzwfvdkufjuygw,f?jrdK@awmfcef;ra&Shu uif;apmifhaewJhaewJh ppfom;awG&Sdygw,f? olwdkhu oJtdwfawGjum;xJuaejynfolawG udkjunfhaewmyg? jrdK@awmfcef;;r0if;juD;xJrSmawmh b&if;u,f&D,mawG&Sdygw,f? vlawGuwajz;ajz; jrdK@awmfcef;ra&SS hudk csJwGifvmcsdefrSm toifhtaetxm; &SdaewJh ppfom;awGutomyJjunfhaeygw,f? jynfolawGbufuvnf; “jynfolhppfom;/ 'dkhppfom;” vdkh v_dufv_dufvSJvSJaumif;csD;ay;oHjum;vdkh rsuf&nf0JwJh ppfom;&Sdw,fvdkh jrifwJholawGajymjyjuygw,f? qeNjyvltkyf[mjrdK@awmfcef;ra&ShrSm w&m;yGJawG pwifcsdefrSm tm;vHk;at;csrf;aejuygw,f?

pp fom;awGuvnf; olwd k hae&mr Smy Jolwd k h ae jujy D ; jynfolawGuawmholwdkhw&m;olwdkha[maejuygjyD? usrwdkh 3 a,mufvJ awmfawmfyifyef;aeygjyD? usrarmifeJharmifjuG,fwdkhu rjyefcsifayrJh usrjyefcsifwmajumifh nae 6 em&DavmufrSm xjyefvmjuygw,f?usrwdkh xjyefcsdefrSm jynfolawGu xrif;eJh tat;awGawmif pwifa0iSaeygjyD? wcsdK@tkyfpkawGuvnf;ordkif;0if a&$wd*Hkbk&m;bufudk oGm;zdkhjyifqifaeygw,f? usruawmh tdrfjyefjyD; 'DaehawGhcJh&wJhjynfolawG&Jh atmifjrifrlhtajumif; tazeJh trudk jyefajymjycsifaeygawmhw,f?

usrwdkharmifeSr tdrfjyefa&mufawmh a&rdk;csdK;jyD; rdom;pkxrif;pm;=uygw,f? xrif;0dkif;rSmusrwdkharmifeSrajymor# tazeJh taru em;axmifaejuygw,f? xrif;pm;aomufjyD; BBC

owif;Xmeu xkwfjyefajunmwJh owif;udk usrwdkhtawGhtjuHkeJh ,SOfjyD;em;axmifaejuygao;w,f?BBC owif;rSm usrwdkh &efukef wjrdK@wnf;jzpfwmr[kwfyJ jrefrmedkifiHtESH@tjym; jzpfyGm;cJhwmjzpfvdkhusrwdkh ajueyf0rf;omcJhjuygao;w,f? usrwdkh &yfuGufwnf;u vljuD;awGvnf; awmfawmfeJ@tdyfraysmfedkifjuao;yJ olwdkhjzwfoef;bl;cJhwJh 'Drdkua&pDtajumif; pm;jrHK@jyefcJhjuygao;w,f?tm;vHk;[m ar#mfvifhcsufawGeJh 0rf;omauseyfaejuygw,f? tm;vHk;&Jh taysmfawG[m n 12em&DausmfavmufrSm jyd KysufoGm;cJ h&ygw,f? n 12 em&DausmfavmufrSmyJ owif;qd k;wpfckudkvufcH&&SdcJhygw,f? jrdK@awmfcef;ra&ShrSm ypfcwfowfjzwfaejyDwJh tJ'Dtcsdefu usrwdkhvufcHvdkhr&cJhygbl;? [kwfrS [kwf&Jhvm;? jum;&wJh owif;rSm;rsm; aevm;vdkh oHo,0ifcJhrdygao;w,f?

n oef;aumifrSm tm%m&SifawG[m tjypfrJ h jynfolawGudk vufeufawGeJ hpmrsufESm62odk h


60

-u,fawG a-uGaewJhwdkif;jynfcifjidrf;opf

¡ppftm%modrf;cJhonfh 1988 ckESpf pufwifbmv 18 &ufae@u aoewfrSefxm;aom ausmif;olav;udko,f,lajy;v$m;aeonfh a'gufwm apmvGifESifh a'gufwm rif;odef;¢

=u,fqdkwm udk,fydkif tvif;a&mif&Sdw,f? olwdk@&JŒ ae&m[m jrifhrm;wJh aumif;uif=uD;yJ?&moDOwk =unfvifwJh nawGqdk&if ta&mifvufaewJh =u,fawG[m pdefawGvdkyJ wzsyfzsyfvufaew,fqdkwm vlwdkif; od=uovdk/ jrifvnf; jrifzl;=uygw,f?

usrwdk@wdkif;jynfrSm &SdwJhvli,frsm;pGm[mvnf; =u,fawGvdkygyJ? udk,fydkift&nftcsif;txift&Sm;&Sd=uw,f? m%fynm xufjrufw,f? pdwf"mwfjrifhrm;=uw,f? 'gayr,fh 0rf;enf;zdk@aumif;wmu tJh'D=u,f awG[m wjzKwfjzKwfeJ@ a=uGaew,f? 'ga=umifh usru =u,fawG a=uGaewJhwdkif;jynfvdk@ emrnfay;xm;w,f?

1988 ck pufwifbm 18 &uf ae@u tjzpftysufawGudk ajymvdkufwmeJ@ vlwdkif;jrifzl;jyD;om;jzpfwJh "mwfyHk wyHk ta=umif; ajymjycsifygw,f?

tJ'D "mwfykHu aoewfrSefjyD; '%f&m&aewJh tusôtjzL vHkcsnftpdrf;eJ@ ausmif;olav;udk*sLwDukwftjzL0wf xm;wJh q&m0efESpfOD;u qGJajy;aewJhyHkyg? 'D"mwfyHkudkrjrifbl;wJhvlr&Sdygbl;?jrifwJhvlwdkif; cHjyif;a'go jzpf=u ygw,f? tJ'D"mwfyHkxJu q&m0efESpfOD; b,fudka&mufoGm;w,fqdkwmodwJhvlenf;r,fvdk@vnf; usrxifyg w,f?

““aemuf2 &uft=umrSm q&m a'gufwm apmvGif tcef;uwdwfqdwfaejyD; v_yf&Sm;oHr=um;&vdk@ twlaeolawGu

pdk;&drfjyD; wcg;zsuf0ifcJh&m o@ludk,fol qGJ=udK;csowfaoaecJhygw,f””


61

a&SŒuaeausmif;olav;&JŒ ajcaxmufudk qGJrxm;wJhq&m0ef&JŒ emrnfu a'gufwmapmvGif/ acgif;udkrxm;wJh q&m0efu a'gufwmrif;odef;jzpfygw,f? olwdk@ESpfOD;pvHk;[mynmcGsefolawGjzpf=uygw,f?

a'gufwmapmvGif[m q,fwef;pmar;yGJatmifwkef;u oCFefuGsef;wjrdKŒe,fvHk;rSm yxr&cJhygw,f? ol@tpfr uvnf; q&m0efygyJ?

a'gufwmrif;odef;uvnf; aq;ausmif;rSm xdyfwef;uausmif;om;yg/ ol@nD ukd0if;odef;vnf; q&m0ef wa,muf ygyJ/ olwdk@&JŒzcifuvnf; Xmewckun$ef=um;a&;rSL; tqifh&SdwJholyg?

a'gufwmrif;odef;[m ppftm%modrf; jy D;wJ haemufrSm awmcd koGm;cJ hygw,f?jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qdkif&m ausmif;om; rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpf wyfOD;(ABSDF) rSmaq;rSL;wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhjyD; wm0efeJ@ jynfwGif;udk jyefa&mufcJhyg w,f?

tJ'D tcsdeftwGif;rSmyJ AdkvfcsLyfcifnGef@u awmwGif;u jyefa&mufvmolawGtaeeJ@ e0wudk owif;ydk@zdk@ vdka=umif;/ owif;ydk@vmcJhvsSif ta&;r,lyga=umif; owif;pm &Sif;vif;yGJuaeajymwma=umif hp d k ;& dr fwwfwJ h a'gufwmrif;ode f ;& J Œ tazu olud k,fwd ki fpp fa'oud kta=umif;=um;cJhygw,f? ppfaq;zdk@ rac:cifrSm a'gufwm rif;odef; u a'gufwm apmvGifudk olwm0efeJ@jyefvma=umif;udk ajymjycJhygw,f? aemufwae@rSm a'gufwmrif;odef;udkar;jref; p&m&Sdw,fqdkjyD;ac:oGm;ygawmhw,f?

wywfavmuf =umawmh a'gufwmrif ;ode f ;ud k axmufvSr f ;a&;pce f ;uaejyefvmydk@ay;ygw,f/ rdbawGqD aocsmtyfESHoGm;cJhygw,f/ odk@aomfvnf; a'gufwm rif;odef;wa,mufajcvufawGazma,mifjyD; qD;roGm; Ekdifawmhyg/ 'ga=umifh udk0if;odef; (a'gufwm rif;odef;&JhnD)ua'gufwm apmvGifwdk@ armifESrudk ta=umif; =um;cJhygw,f/ a'gufwm apmvGifa&mufvmawmha'gufwm rif;odef;u ajymjyygw,f? ol@udk axmufvSrf;a&; u aq;wvHk; xdk;ay;vdkufw,fwJh/bmaq;vJqdkwmawmh rajymbl;wJh/ oltckjzpfaewmawGu tJ'D aq;a=umifhjzpfr,fvdk@ qdkygw,f?tckol Adkuf=uD;wif;aejyD; touf¶_&wm =uyfaew,fvdk@ ajymjycJhygw,f?

a'gufwmapmvGifeJ@ udk0if;odef;uaq;&kHwifzdk@ pDpOfaepOfrSmyJ axmufvSrf;a&;uaq&kHwifr,fqdk&if ppfaq;&kHudkyJ wifcGif h&S da=umif;/ ppfaq;&kHrSmukozdk@ pDpOfxm;a=umif;ta=umif;=um;vmygw,f? a'gufwm rif;odef;u ppfaq;&kHrSmqdk&if aq;ukrcHEkdifbl;vdk@qdkjyD;tdrfrSmyJaer,fvdk@ ajymygw,f/ tJ'geJ@ a'gufwm apmvGifeJ@ udk0if;odef;wdk@uyJ ukoay;cJhygw,f?a'gufwm rif;odef;[m b,faq;¶kHudkrS wufa&mufukojcif; r&SdcJhbJaemufwae@rSm uG,fvGefcJhygw,f?

a'gufwm rif;odef;qHk;vSsifqHk;jcif; a'gufwm apmvGifeJ@ udk0if;odef;wdk@u olwdk@&JŒ q&mq&m0ef}uD; wOD;udk ta=umif;=um;+yD; tJ'D q&m}uD;eJ@twl &ifcGJppfaq;cJh=uygw,f/ tajzuawmhausmufuyf t&rf;}uHK@oGm; wmwJh? a'gufwm apmvGifwdk@u rsufjrifoufao jzpfcJh=uygw,f? 'gudkodoGm;wJh axmufvSrf;a&;u &ifcGJ ppfaq;wJh q&m0ef=uD;udk rayguf=um;ap&ygbl;qdkjyD;vufrSwfxdk;cdkif;cJhvdk@ xdk;cJh&jyD; a'gufwm apmvGifu awmh xGufajy;cJh&ygw,f?

a'gufwm apmvGifxGufajy;&wJhtwGuf ol@udk tm;xm;ae&wJh qif;&Jom;vlemawG'kuQa&mufcJh=u&wm usrrsufjrifyg/ tJ'Dtcsdefu a'gufwmapmvGifaq;cef;rSm usrulvkyfay;cJhygw,f/ qif;&JwJhvlemawGudk ydkufqHr,lwJhtjyif ol@&JŒaq;0g;awGudkyg ay;vdkufygao;w,f? uifqma0'em&Sif wOD;udkvnf; aq;zdk;0g;c tukefcHjyD; aq;uko ay;cJhwmusra&SŒwifyg?


62

1994 ckESpfxJrSm a'gufwm apmvGifa=umifh yifpifay;cHcJh&wJh ol@&JŒtazESvkH;a&m*geJ@uG,fvGefcJhygw,f? wdrf;a&SmifaewJh a'gufwmapmvGifjyefa&mufvmcJhygw,f/ bmrSxl;jcm;r_r&SdwJhtwGuf axmufvSrf;a&; arhaeavmufjyDqdkjyD; tpdk;&aq;&kHrSm tvkyfavSsmufcJhygw,f?{&m0wDwdkif; bdkuav;jrdKŒe,f twGif;u wdkufe,faq;&kHw¶kHrSm wm0efuscJhygw,f/ tpydkif;rSmbmrSrjzpfcJhayr,fh aemufydkif;rSmawmh axmufvSrf;a&; u r=umc% ppfaq; ar;jref;cJhygw,f?

1995 ckESpfxJrSm ppfar;wm ydkpdyfvmjyD; pdwftaESmifht,Sufvnf; ydkjzpfvmygw,f/rcHEkdifwJhtqHk;rSm a':atmifqef;pk=unf acwW vGwfajrmufpOfrSm awG@&atmif cGifh,ljyD;&efukefwufvmcJhygw,f? odk@aomf tefwDeJ@ rawGŒ jzpfcJhyg? 'ga=umifh bdkuav;udk jyefvmcJhygw,f? bdkuav;ukda&mufa&mufcsif; r0w twGif; a&;rSL;u ac:vdk@oGm;wJhtcgrSm r0w &kH;cef;wGif; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;3 a,mufeJ@ tcsdeftawmf=um awGŒqHkcJh &ygw,f? tJ'Daemuf a'gufwm apmvGifwa,mufnSKd;nSKd;i,fi,feJ@tdrfjyefvmcJhygw,f?

twlaeolawG&Jh ajymjycsuft& a'gufwm apmvGif[m pdwf'kuQa&mufp&m&SdaeyHk &ygw,f/ododomom pum;enf;oGm;w,fvd k @vnf; qd kygw,f? ar;&ifvnf; pum;v$ JoGm;jy D;bmrSaocsmrajymcJhygbl;? tJ'Dvdk rajymwmuvJb,fol@udkrS o@lvdkrjzpfapcsifvdk@ rajymwmvdk@,lq&ygw,f?

tJ'Daemuf cGifhquf,ljyD; ypPnf;awGodrf;qnf;aeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aemuf2 &uft=umrSmq&m a'gufwm apmvGif tcef;u wdwfqdwfaejyD; v_yf&Sm;oHr=um;&vdk@ twlaeolawGu pdk;&drfjyD;wcg;zsuf0ifcJh&m o@ludk,fol qGJ=udK;cs owfaoaecJhygw,f? q&m aoqHk;&jcif; twGuf usrwu,fESajrm0rf;enf;rdygw,f? q&m[m vlawmfvlaumif;wOD;yg?

usrwdk@ ArmjynfrSm=u,fawGa=uGaeygw,f/ b,fol@rSmwm0ef&SdygovJ/ tzdk;wefom;awGqHk;&_H;&wJh rdb awG&JŒcHpm;csufu b,favmufrsm;emusifaervJ/ usrwdk@&JŒtzdk;wefvli,fawG b,favmuftxdrsm; qHk;¶_H;ae&OD;rSmvJ.........?

'Daqmif;yg;eJ@ tn=w ol&Jaumif;rsm;udk *k%fjyKtyfygw,f?

cifjidrf;opfpufwifbm 18 / 2009

(2009 ckESpfu {&m0wDowif;XmewGif az: jycJh+yD; aomaqmifyg;udk jyefvnfwifqufygonf?)

jypfcwfowfjzwfcJhw,fqdkwmudk aemufwpfaehreufrSm BBC u twnfjyKay;cJhawmh usrwdkh tHjudwf/rsuf&nfusrdjyD; tm%m&Sif&Jh &ufpufqdk;,kwfr_awGudk tqHk;xd wdkufzdkh qHk;jzwfcsufcsvdkufrdygw,f?

wu,fawmh jrefrmjynfrSm 1988 ckeSpfupjyD; jynfolawG[m tm%m&SifawGudkvHk;0vufoifhrcHawmhygbl;? tcgtcGifhoifhwdkif; tm%m&SifawGudk qefhusiftHwkvmcJhwm tckqdk&ifeSpfaygif; 23 eSpfjumjrifhvmygjyD? usrwdkh&Jh awmfvSefa&;vnf; &ifhusufvmcJhygjyD? jynfolawG&Jhtm;udkrcHedkifwJh tm%m&Sif 3 qufwdkifwdkif usqHk;oGm;cJhygjyD? tcktcsdefqdkwmu tm%m&SifawGuvnf;aovkaocif tm%mudk jyef&Sifoefatmiftm;xkwfaeovdk/ usrwdkh jynfolawGbufuvnf;tm%m&SifpepftjyD;wdkif csKyfjidrf;oGm;zdk h pnf;vHk;nDnGwfpGm wdkufcdkufoifhwJh tcsdefvdkhyJusroHk;oyfrdygw,f? cifjidrf;opf

pmrsufESm 59 rStquf


63

ArmEkdifiHwGif }uHhzGifhtpdk;&vdk hac:wJh w&m;r0iftpdk;&rS ppftm%m&Sifpepf a&&Snf wnfwef@ckdifrma&;eJ h jynfaxmifpkom;rsm; aoG;uGJjydKysufa&;rludk tajccHonfh zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkjzifhwkdif;jynftm%mudk tvGJokH;pm;vkyfaejcif;udk tjrefqkH; wm;qD;&efvkdaejyDjzpfw,f ?

&Sif;vif;onfh tcsufrsm;rSm }uHhzGifhtpdk;& [kac:aom w&m;r0if tpdk;&qdkonfESifh 4if;[email protected]$wfawmfqkdonfudk zsufodrf;ypfjyD; vlxktajcjyK }um;jzwftpdk;& w&yfudk tjrefkqkH;zGJ @pnf;&efyJjzpfygw,f ?

}um;jzwftpkd;&w&yf zGJ@pnf;&ef qdkonfh tcsuf[mta&G hr&SdwJh[efjyoufoufekdifiHa&;jzpfpOfrsm;eJ@ ekdifiHa&; / pD;yGm;a&; / ynma&; / usef;rma&; / vlrla&; ponfh e,fy,ftoD;oD;wGifvnf; tvGefa}umufrufzG,faumif;onfhtqifhodk htvsSiftjref pkdufqif;aerl rsm;a}umifhjzpfw,f?odk htwGuf r[mAsL[majrmuf tajymif;ta&G@wckudkzefwD;&ef wdkif;jynf. bufaygif;pk Htajctaersm;u awmif;qdkaejyD jzpfaoma}umifh yJjzpfygw,ff ?

oufxGef;

88 odk hOD;vSnfhjcif;

xdktwGuf jynfolvlxkw&yfvkH;rS yl;aygif;yg0ifonfh ekdifiHa&;tkH}uGrl}uD;w&yf jzpfay:&efvkdtyfygw,f / tusdK;quftm;jzifh }um;jzwftpdk;& w&yfzGJ hpnf;jyD; wdkif;jynf&J htajymif;tvJudkazmfaqmif&efjzpfw,ff / trSefwu,f vufawG htaumiftxnfazmf&ef vdktyfaeonfhtajccHtcsufrsm;rSm jynfolvlxk. qif;&JrG JawrlESif hvkHjcHKrluif;rJhonfh ekdifiHom;rsm;b0rSvGwfajrmufa&; / jynfwGif;ppfrD; awmufavmifrludk wm;qD;jyD; jynfwGif;jidrf;csrf;a&;udk xdef;odrf;ekdifa&;'Drkdua&pDtajcjyK ekdifiHa&;0ef;usifw&yf azmfaqmifekdifa&; / ppfrSefonfh jynfaxmifpk wnfaqmufekdifa&; ponfh ta&;}uD;tcsuftvufrsm;tygt0if ekdifiHa&;jy\em ta&;udpPrSeforSsudkpm;yGJ0dkif;jzifh ajz&Sif;ekdifa&;wdk hyJjzpfw,f ?

ppfwyfudk vufudkifwkwftjzpf tokH;jyKaeuswJh ppfacgif;aqmiftm%m&l;awGu vdrfvnf odrf;oGif;xm;rlawG&J htusdK;qufa}umifhwdkif;jynfeJ@vlrsdK;udk umuG,f apmifha&Smuf&rJh trsdK;om; ppfwyfuaejyD; / toGifajymif;

a}u;pm;ppfwyftoGifudka&mufaevdk@ jzpfygw,f ?


64

}uHhzGihf tpdk;&taejzifhvnf; wkdif;jynfwckvkH; &ifqkdif}uHKawG hae&aom tajctaeESifhtusyftwnf; tm;vkH;udktrSefwu,f tjyKoabmaqmifjyD; taumif;qkH; ajz&Sif;vkdw,fqdk&ifawmh[efjy ekdifiHa&;vSnfhuGufrsm; cif;usif;azmfaqmifaejcif;rsm;udk &yfwef hjyD;aemuf 4if;wkd h. tpdk;&tzG@JESifh v$wfawmfqkdonftm; zsufodrf; ypfvkdufjcif;om trSefuefqkH; vkyf&yfjzpfayvdrfhr,f ?bma}umifhqdk 4if;wkd hudkifpGJxm;onfh zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk Oya'u wkdif;jynfwckvkH;udk tarSmifrdkufqkH;aomtaetxm;odk hqGJcs oGm;rnfjzpfaoma}umifhyJ jzpfygw,ff ?

}um;jzwftpdk;&zGJ hpnf;a&;qdkonfhtcsuf[m 88ckESpf jynfolw&yfvkH;. tkH}uGrl}uD;jzpfay:pOfuyif ausmif;om;rsm;rS t"duxm;}udK;yrf;cJh}uonfh eldifiHa&;tqifhwckjzpfw,f / o@dkhaomfvnf; xdkpOfcgu ausmif;om;rsm; csOf;uyfxdawG hcJhaom eldifiHa&; OD;aqmifrl tajctae&Sdaeonfholrsm;. ( tcsdeftcgESifhwajy;nD ) aphpyf ndSeldif; r&cJhrla}umifh ppfwyfrSjyefvnf tm%modrf;,lrludkcHcJh}u&jyD; / jynfolvlxk. wuf}uGpGm yl;aygif;yg0ifrlESifh wkdufyGJ0ifcJhrlonf a&pkefarsmcJh&jcif;jzpfw,f ?

xdk ha}umifhvlxkwdkufyGJqdkonfudk pOf;pm;azmfaqmif}uonfESifhwjydKifeuf wdkufyGJ.tqkH;owfjzpfpOf ( odk hwnf;r[kwf ) jynfolvlxk. ar#mfvifhcsufudk wm0efcHrnfh tvkyfudk rnfoluOD;aqmifrnfenf; / rnfolawGu yg0ifrnfenf;qkdonfrSm xnfhoGif;wGufcsufxm;&rnfwenf;tm;jzifhqkdaomf wm0ef,lrnfholrsm; ( odk h) tzGJ htpnf;rsm; t&Hoifh&SdaejyD;om;jzpfae&efvdktyfayonf / xdkodk hr[kwfygu jynfolrsm;. paw;cHrlonf atmifyG Jodk@ OD;rwnfyJppftm%m&Sifrsm;vufodk hjyefvnf 0uGuftyfovdkyifjzpfaernfrSmrvGJay?

,ae htcsdeftcg[m wdkif;jynftwGuf}um;jzwftpdk;&w&yf ay:aygufa&; qdkwmrSm jynfwGif;jidrf;csrf;a&; / 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk azmfaqmifa&; / ppfrSefonfh jynfaxmifpkwck jzpfay:vmekdifa&;ESifh t"du tusqkH;jzpfonfh jynfolvlxk w&yfvkH;. b0rsm;wnfjidrfat;csrf;jyD; / qif;&JrGJawrlESifhzdESdyfrlrsdK;pkHrS vGwfuif;a&;twGuf rjzpfrae azmfaqmif&rnfh r[mAsL[mtqifh edkifiHa&;wGufqcsufwckyJjzpfw,f / tb,fa}umifhqdkomf ( ta}umif;a}umif;a}umifh ) a&pkefarsmcJh jyDjzpfonfh1990ck a&G;aumufyG J &v'fESi f h tjcm;zufwGif ppftm%m&Sifpepfud ktajccHonf h zG J @hpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHESifhtwl jynfoludk udk,fpm;rjyKonfh tpdk;&qdkonfrS wdkif;jynfwckvkH;tm; 'kuQrsdK;pkHay;aeonfrSm tvGefqdk;0g;vSonfhtaetxm;udka&muf&SdaejyDjzpfaoma}umifhyifjzpfayw,ff ?

aocsmonfhtcsufrsm;rSm rnfodk hyi fqkdapumrl v$wfawmfwGif;rS aejyD; wdkif;jynfudkajymif;vJ&ef}udK;pm;rnfqkdonfhtcsuf[m wdkif;jynfESifhvlrsdK;udk a&ma,mif 'kuQay;aeonfh tjzpfokhdoufqif;vsuf&SdaejyD; / twdkuftcHtiftm;pkrsm;ESifhwdkif;&if;om; tiftm;pkrsm;zufrS edkifiHa&; /ppfa&;wGif ( ppfacgif;aqmifrsm; ESifh ppfAdkvfvlxGufrsm; ) a}umuf&GH hav;pm;avmufonfhtaetxm;r&Sdygu rnfonfh awG hqkHaqG;aEG;a&; / rnfonfh trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;udkrSar#mfvifh&efrjzpfeldifay ?

xdkodk haomtajctaersm;udk ckdifrmaponfhtcsufrsm;tjzpf - zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtopfESifha&G;aumufyGJvkyfjyD; jzpfay:vmonfh tpkd;&topf[k qdkaomfvnf; 4if;tcsdef rwdkifrSDuppftm%m&l;rsm;rS rw&m;zrf;qD;axmifcsxm;onfh eldifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;tm; jyefvnfv$wfay;jcif;rjyKyJ qufvufzrf;qD;xm;jcif; / wdkif;&if;om;a'orsm;wGif jynfwGif;ppfrD;tm; tjyif;txefjyefvnf awmufavmif&efjyKvkyfaejcif; /vlrsdK;wkH;owfjzwfrlrsm;ESifh ppf&mZ0wfjypfrltrdsK;rsdK;udk


65

usL;vGefaejcif; /owif;rD'D,mvGwfvyfcGifhr&Sdonfhtjyif ydkrdkqdk;0g;pGm ydwfyifcsKyfcs,fvmjcif; /vGwfvyfyGifhvif;onfh eldifiHa&;0ef;usifjzpfay:rvm&ef Oya'ESifhtm%mudk tvGJokH;pm; jyKrlrsm;qufvufwnf&Sdaejcif; / jynfolvlxk. oabmqENudkvSpfvsL&ljyD; ajray:ajratmuf o,HZmwrsm;udk ( ppftm%m}uD;xGm;a&;ESifh udk,fusdK;oufouf ) tvGJokH;pm;jyKjcif; / a&mif;cs tokH;jyKjcif;rsm;vkyfaeonf htwGuf ajray:ajratmuf t&if;tjrpfrsm; wajz;ajz; ukefcrf;vmonfhtEW&m,fudk&ifqdkifae&jcif; / xdk htjyif obm0ywf0ef;usifapmifha&Smufrl r&SdonfhtwGufobm0ywf0ef;usif ysufjym;rlESifhtwl a*[aA'pepfrsm; ysufqD;rludk awG h}uHKae&jcif; /w&m;Oya'udk tvGJokH;pm;jyKrl / tm%mudktvGJokH;pm;jyKrlrsm; qufvufjyKvkyfaeonfhtwGufjynfolw&yfvkH;rSm Oya'. apmifha&Smufrludk rcHpm;&yJ tumtuG,f rJhonfh b0odk ha&mufaejcif;/jynfolvlxktwGuf nDrsSonfh pD;yGm;a&;tcGifhtvrf; uif;rJhrla}umifh iwfrGwfacgif; yg;rl / qif;&JrGJawrlydkrdk jrifhrm;vmum vltzGJ htpnf;wGif; udk,fusifhw&m; ysufum ekdifiHa&;upm;uGif;xJwGifjynfwGif;a&; qdkonfhta}umif; jycsufwckudk xnfvJtokH;jyK&if; vnfovdk}unfhvkyfqdkonfhekdifiHjcm;a&;rl0g' rsm;jzifh t&Sufta}umufrJhpGm vdrfvnfvSnfhzsm;jcif; tay;t,lvkyfjcif;rsm;udktqufrjywfjyKaejyD; 4if;wdk htm%mwnfjrJa&;qkdonfh a&wdktjrifjzifhom t&m&mudkcsOf;uyftaumiftxnf azmfae}uovkd / yx0DedkifiHa&;t& edkifiHwum. tajymif;ta&G hrsm;udk vSpfvsL&lxm;jyD; / ausmaxmuf aemufcH&a&;udkom tm;pdkufaeonfh twGuf w&kwfekdifiH. ( pepfwusjyKvkyfaeonfh ) vlrsdK;a&; usL;ausmfrl / vufodyfxdk; cHae&onfh eldifiHa&;}oZmvGrf;rdk; pGufzufrl /pD;yGm;a&;t& tjrwfxkwfrl / ppfa&;&nfrSef;csuf jzifh jyKvkyfaeonfh( odomxif&Sm;onfhppfa&;tajcpdkufpcef;rsm;tjyif ) wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm; ( qnfajrmif;rsm; tygt0if ) tm;vkyfaqmifaejcif;udk cHae&onfrSm a'owGif; }oZm vGrf;rdk;eldifa&;twGuf tdrfeD;csif;edkifiHrsm; ( t"duw&kwfESifh tdEN,t}um; tm;jydKifrl ) tygt0if tjcm;aomurBm htiftm;}uD; eldifiHrsm;t}um;ekdifiHa&; / ppfa&; tm;jydKifrl twGuf wdkif;jynfwckvkH;ESifh jynfolvlxkrSm vlrodolrodESifhajrZmyifb0odk hwajz;ajz; wa&G ha&G hajymif;vJoGm;aejcif; rSm tifrwefa}umufrufzG,faumif;onfhtem*gwfyif jzpfygw,f ?

odk haomfvnf; wdkif;jynfESifh jynfolvlxk rnfodk hyifjzpfaeapumrl 4if;wdk h.rSm;,Gif;aeaom ajcvSrf;rsm;tm; aemufjyefvSnfhjcif;r&Sd / jyifqifa&G hvsm;jcif;rjyK / xdkodk haom tjyKtrlrsm;oabmobm0rsm;t& vuf&Sd}uhHzGH htpdk;& qdkonfrSm etzoef;a&G$ ppftpdk;&yifjzpfonf qdkjcif;rSmxifomjrifom&SdvGef;vSw,f ? 'Dae&mrSmxnfhoGif;wGufcsufoifhwmu ppfwyfwGif;u t&m&Sd t}uyfwyfom; awG udk wdkif;jynf&J htajctaerSefeJ hwnfjidrf at;csrf;wJh wdkif;jynftjzpf ajymif;vJrl twGuf}uHhzGifhtpdk;&[m ( vufwqkyfpm ppftm%m&l;wpk&J h}udK;qGJtzGJ hjzpfaevdk h) b,fvdkrS taumiftxnfazmfrSm r[kwfovdk / vuf&Sd wdkif;jynf&J htajctae[m ( pD;yGm;a&; / usef;rma&; / ynma&; /vlrla&; pojzifh e,fy,ftoD;oD;rSm ) wae hxufwae hydkrdk qdk;&Gm;wJh tqifhukd toGm;elef; jrefjrefeJ@a&G h&Sm;aejyDjzpfwJh twGuf }um;jzwftpdk;&w&yfudkzGJ hpnf;oifhwm[m rjzpfraejzwfoef;&rJhel difiHa&;vdktyfcsufjzpfw,fqkdwmudk oabmaygufem;vnfvmatmif pnf;&Hk;&Sif;vif;rludktav;teufxm;jyD; vkyfaqmifoifhygw,f /

bma}umifhqdk ppfwyfudk vufudkifwkwftjzpf tokH;jyKaeuswJh ppfacgif;aqmiftm%m&l;awGu vdrfvnf odrf;oGif;xm;rlawG&J htusdK;qufa}umifhwdkif;jynfeJ h vlrsdK;udk umuG,f


66

apmifha&Smuf&rJh trsdK;om; ppfwyfuaejyD; / toGifajymif; a}u;pm;ppfwyftoGifudka&mufaevdk@jzpfygw,f ?

}um;jzwftpdk;&w&yfbma}umif hvd kovJqdkwm tvkH;pk Haom tajctaeawGuawmif;qdkaeygjyD / 'Dae&mrSm b,fvdkvlawGeJ hzGJ@pnf;oifhovJqdkwmawmhyk*~KdvfemrnfawGeJ@pOf;pm;wmxuftajccHuswJh ( &yfwnfcsuf )tcsufawGay:udk rlwnfpOf;pm;wmydkaumif;r,f vdk@xifygw,f ?

Oyrm - 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk ,kH}unf vufcHrl&Sdjcif; / ormorwf pdwf"gwf&Sdjcif; / (ekdifiHa&;/vlrsdK;a&; / bmoma&;t& ) tpGef;a&mufonfh oabmxm;r&Sdjcif; /udk,fusifhw&m; aumif;rGefjcif;ppfrSefonfh wdkif;jynftajymif;tvJudk &d k;om;pGm vdkvm;pdwf&S d jcif; / xdkvkyfief;twGuft&nftcsif;&Sdjcif; / trsm;rS todtrSwfjyK vufcHoljzpfjcif; pojzifhowfrSwfcsufxm;ekdifygw,f ?

twdkuftcHekdifiHa&;ygwDrsm; tzGJ htpnf;rsm;uolawGwifruyJ / wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; / ppfwyfwGif;rS wdk;wufonfhtjrif&Sdolrsm;tyg t0if tajccHowfrSwfcsufawGeJ@udkufnDwJholrsm; ( rnfol hudkrqdk ) xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;ekdifygw,f / bma}umifhqdk twdkuftcHvdk@ajymaewJh 'Drkdua&pD tiftm;pkw&yfxJuaejyD; wdkif;jynf tajymif;tvJ jzpfatmif zefwD;ekdifwJhtaetxm;r&Sdbl;qdkwmudk arhavsmhxm;zdk hrjzpfekdifvdk hygyJ / tcsdeftcgoabmuawmh jrefjrefzGJ@pnf;edkifav jynfoleJ hwdkif;jynftwGuf&ifqdkif}uHK awG hae&wJh b0&J hcg;oD;emusifrlawGu jrefjrefvGwfuif;av qdkwmygyJ ?

oufxGef; 25 / 7 / 2011

88 rsdK;qufausmif;om;rsm;


67

jrefrmjynftajymif;tvJtwGufAk'<tvdkus enf;vrf;aumif;

atmifqufydkif

trdjrefrmjynfY &Spfav;vHk; vlxktHkºur_}uD; jzpfay:cJhonfrSm (23) ESpfodk@wdkifcJh+yDaum?jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD jyKwfuscJh+yD; tpdk;&tqufquf ajymif;vJcJhaomfvnf; trdjrefrmjynf}uD;rajymif;vJao;/ r+idrf;csrf;Edkifao;/ rat;csrf;Edkifao;onfuawmh txift&Sm;rdk@ &Sif;jy/ ajymjyzdk@yifvdkrnfrxifyg? ,ckvydkif;awGtwGif; ay:aygufvmcJhonfh tpdk;&opfESifhtwl jynfwGif;ppfrD;vnf;jyefvnfawmufavmifcJhjyefyg+yD? EdkifiHtESH@ rat;csrf;r_/ rvHk+cHKr_wdk@vnf; jyefvnfay:aygufv#uf&Sd+yD;wdkif;&if;om;awGESifh tcsif;csif;wdkufyGJawG/ jyefvnfjzpfyGm;vm&jcif;ESifhtwl tpdk;&bufrS wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ typf&yftzGJ@awGbufrS wyfzGJ@0ifrsm; ESpfbuf=um;rS ajrZmyifjzpfcJh&onfh a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;jynfolwdk@. aoa=u/ '%f&m&/ tdk;ypftdrfypf/ ysufpD;qHk;&_hH;r_rsm;udkvnf; rD'D,mrsm;rSwqifh pdwfrcsrf;ajr@p&m =um;ae&/ jrifawG@ae&ygw,f?

'ghtjyif EdkifiHESifht0Srf; pD;yGg;a&; rajyvnfr_rsm;/ pm;0wfaea&; =uyfwnf;r_rsm;/ b0ar#mfvifhcsufuif;rJhpGmjzifh ae@w"l0 jzwfoef;ae=u&r_rsm;/ aea&;xuf aoa&;ygcufaeolrsm;/usef;rma&;ESifh b0&yfwnfa&;twGuf tbufbufrS cufcJvm&r_rsm;/ EHkcsmr_rsm; onfvnf;qkwfepfoGm;jcif;r&SdbJ wae@wjcm; wdk;vdk@om jzpfay:v#uf&Sdygw,f?

"awmifrif; ajrmufrif; ru,fEdkif" qdkovdk wOD;ESifhwOD; ,dkif;yif;ulnDEdkifrnfh tajctaetcGifhta&;uvnf; enf;yg;v#uf jynfoltrsm;pkrSm 'kuQyifv,fa0v#uf &Sdae&ygw,f? vuf&SdtajctaewGif wdkif;jynfzGH@+zdK;wdk;wufvmonf[k tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;/ EdkifiHawmfqdkif&m udef;*%ef;wdk@jzifh jyov#uf ajymqdkae=uaomfvnf; wdkif;jynf. pD;yGm;a&; tajctaerSm wOD;/ wpk/ wzGJ@}uD;yGm;csrf;oma&;udkom az:aqmifonfh c&d keD pD;yGm;a&;odk@om OD;wnfv#uf =umavrr#wr_rsm;avjzifh tajctaet&yf&yfrSm aygufuGJawmhrnfh rD;awmifteD; pka0;aexdkif&ovdkom&Sdaeygawmhonf?

wyfrawmfom;rsm; tygt0if Xmeqdkif&m0efxrf;rsm; t=um;wGifvnf; trsm;pkrSmtajccHusaom jynfoljynfom;rsm;enf;wl tbufbufY t=uyftwnf;rsdK;pHk=um; &ifqdkif&v#uf

�� rdrdwdk@rS pwifusihfoHk;&onfrSpI/ ,ck

rsufarSmufrSonf csrf;omppf csrf;omrSefudk&&SdcHpm;Edkif=uvsuf/ trSefwu,f��


68

ae@w"l0 b0tarmxJ jzwfoef;um jyefvrf;r&Sdaom 0uFbmxJodk@ tydk@cHxm;&olrsm;yrm w0J0JwvnfvnfESifh vrf;aysmufv#uf &Sdaeonfudk awG@jrifae&ygonf? wzufwGifvnf; twdkuftcHtiftm;pkrsm;ESif h tkyfcsKyfol tpdk;&wdk@t=um; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm rajz&Sif;Ed kif jzpfae&aomEdkifiHa&;yÉdyuQrsm;. aemufqufwGJtjzpf EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;ESifh 2007 ckESpf a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;twGif; zrf;qD;cHcJh&aom oHCmawmfrsm;ESifh oDv&Sifrsm;tygt0if tusOf;pH 2000ausmfwdk@. jzpfpOfrSmvnf; 0rf;enf;zG,f jzpfae&ygonf/

trdajr.tajctaerSm tcsif;csif; pnf;vHk;r_ +ydKuGJaeojzifh ,cktcsdefrSm jynfy&efrsm;}uHK}udKufcJh&rnfqdkygu rawG;0Hhp&mtajctaeyg? ywf0ef;usifEdkifiHrsm;ESifh Ed_if;,SOf}unfhv#ifb*Fvm;a'&Sf@vdk Ed kifiHrsdK;udkyif tav#mhay;I owdxm;qufqHae&wmudk awG@&ygw,f?ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm +umjrifhae+yDjzpfwJh armif;awmvl0ifr_ jy\emrsm;rSonf aemufqHk;trnfwyfvmcJhwJh&dk[if*smudpP tqHk;/ xdkif;EdkifiHESifhusawmhvnf; rxd&J/ rwdk@&J acsmhaygif;ae&wJh tajctae/ w&kwfESifhusjyefawmhvnfh jym;jym;udk0yfvdk@/ jrefrmwEdkifiHvHk; w&kwfvlrsdK;awG&J@ v$rf;rdk;r_atmufudka&mufvdk@/aemufqHk;rif;aejynfawmf jzpfcJh&wJh rEWav; a&$+rdK@awmfyif w&kwf+rdk@awmf (China Town)

jzpfvdk@ae&yg+yD?bmoma&;bufwGifvnf; &cdkife,fpyfuae a&a=umif;uwqifh a&$@ajymif;0ifa&mufvm

=uwJh tajccsvmwJh bmom}uD;wck&J@ tEW&m,fuvnf; {&m0wDwdkif; +rdK@i,fav;awGutpjrefrmwEdkifiHvHk; v$rf;rdk;pjyKaeyg+yD? "acgifupvdk@ rdk;rvHk"vdk@ tkyfcsKyfolyk*~dKvfrsm;&J@ vbfay;vbf,lr_rsm;atmufrSm vlrsdK;a&m/ bmomyg wppESifh 0g;+rdKcHae&wm txift&Sm;yg? usefwJh usef;rma&;/ynma&;/ pD;yGm;a&;u¾toD;oD;vnf; ajym=upwrf;qdkv#if ajymrqHk;aygif/ awmoHk;awmifyg?tm;vHk;[m tcsdefrSDwm;qD;Edkifzdk@ vdktyfaeyg+yD? t"dutajzuawmh wEdkifiHvHk; nDnGwfEdkifygrStajymif;tvJwck trSefay:xGef;+yD; rif;ESifhjynfol vufwGJnDnGwfpGmjzifh EdkifiHawmftusdK;/ trsdK;bmomomoemtusdK;udk tjrefqHk; umuG,faqmif&Gufzdk@ vdkaeygw,f?

trSefawmh usaemfhtaeeJ@ TuJhodk@aqmif;yg;rsdK;udk ra&;om;vdkonfrSm pdwf&if;trSefyg?,cka&;om;&jcif;rSmvnf; trdajrtwGuf rcsdwifuJ jzpf&jcif;ESif htwl/ wpGef;wpaomar#mfvifhcsufjzifh wdkif;jynfta&;/ trsdK;om;ta&;/ omoemawmfta&;wdk@twGuf yg0ifa&;om;wifjy&jcif;omjzpfygw,f? rnfodk@yif&Sdap usaemfhtwGuf tcdkiftrm ,Hk=unfcsuf&Sdae&ygw,f?tb,fa=umifhqdkawmf usaemfwifjyrnfh ta=umif;t&m enf;vrf;aumif;onf Ak'<bk&m;&Sifudk,fwdkifn$efjycJhaom/ usifhoHk;cJhaom/ arwWmvrf;pOftay:wGif tajccHxm;Iom jzpf&ygawmh w,f?

usaemftaeESifh vGefcJhaom (6)ESpfausmf/2005ckESpfcef@uwnf;u Ak'<bk&m;&Sif.tqHk;trtay:tajccHI/ jrefrmjynf tajymif;tvJtwGuf/ tawG;aumif;wck ay:aygufcJh bl;ygw,f?bk&m;&Sif. atmifjcif;&Spfyg;udk tav;teuf tm&HkjyK&if;/ &eftaygif;udk arwWmjzifh atmifjrifcJhyHkudkav;pm;=unfndKcJh&ygw,f? omrnawmif q&mawmfbk&m;}uD;. ae@w"l0vkyfief; pOfxJrSmatmifjcif;&Spfyg;*gxmudk &Gwfzwf ylaZmfavh&dSa=umif; zwfom;avhvm zl;ojzifh rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf;}udK;pm;=unfhzl;&m/ atmifjrifrl &&dScJhbl;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh 0ifa&mufrdwJh tawG;av;eJ@twl/jrefrmjynfrSm&dSwJh wyfrawmfom; (5)odef;avmuf udk/ oHCmawmf (5)odef;ausmfuom/oHCmwyg;v#if wOD;pDE_ef;eJ@ arwWmtxl;ydk@ay; Edkifv#if aumif;avpGvdk@ awG;awmcJhbl;wmyg?wu,fvdkrsm; arwWmydk@rJh oHCmawmf awGxJrSm/ t&d,moHCmawmfawGrsm; yg0ifaecJh&ifawmh


69

twdkifxuftvGefaygh? avmbwufw,fvdk@bJ qdkqdk/ usaemfh&J@ wu,fhar#mfvifhcsufyg?'Dawmh/ usaemftawG;eJ@ twl eD;pyf&m/ q&mawmf/ oHCmawmfawGudk csOf;uyf+yD;

av#mufxm;rdygw,f? t&Sifbk&m;wdk@ arwWmydk@ay;+yD; wdkif;jynf +idrf;csrf;atmif/ ajymif;vJatmifaqmif&Gufay;zdk@aygh? udk,fhtawG;eJ@ udk,fawmh [kwfvdk@aygh? wqufwnf;bJ/ eD;pyf&m ax&f}uD;/0g}uD;/ q&mawmf}uD;rsm;xH qifhuJ qifhuJ av#mufxm;awmif;yef ay;zdk@aygh? zm;atmufawm&/q&mawmf}uD;uvnf; rdef@=um;zl;ygw,f? 'Db0rSmwif r*fzdkvfedAŠmef&bdk@qdkwm jzpfEdkifw,fwJh--'Dawmh 0dy\em&J@ tajccHjzpfwJh orxvkyfief;xlaxmif&mrSm psmef/ orRmygwfvkyfief;rsm; twGufwdwdusus vkdufem/ usihf}uH/ }udK;pm;tm;xkwfr,fqdk&if 6vavmuftwGif; rSm pwkwWpsmeftxdaygufajrmufEdkifw,fwJh-- rdrdwdk@oef&m oef&mtvdkuf arwWmurRXmef;yGm;rsm;olrsm; twGufvnf;arwWmpsmeftxd aygufajrmufEdkifw,f vdk@-- rdef@=um;cJhbl;wm rSwfom;rdbl;ygw,f? 'Dawmh/oHCmawmfawG }udK;pm;usifh }uH=u&if wESpftwGif;rSmyif arwWmpsmeftxd aygufajrmufolawG&dSvmEdkifr,f? tJh'DurSwqifh wjynfvHk;udk arwWmv$rf;+cHK+yD; arwWmydk@ay;ae=ur,f qdk&if wwdkif;jynfvHk;at;csrf;r,f/ +idrf;csrf;Edkifr,faygh-- 'guawmh usaemfh&J@ wzufowftawG;eJ@ ar#mfvifhcsufqENyg?'ga=umifhvnf; q&mawmfawGudk av#mufxm;rdwmyg?

'DvdkeJ@yJ--2007rSm oHCmawmfawG&J@ arwWmydk@ qkawmif;yGJawG/ arwWmokwf&GwfzwfyGJawGay:vmc J hawmh / twd ki f ;rod =unfE l ;c J h&y gw,f? ' gayr J h r =umci fr Smy J / t+z d Kc G Jc H& /ausmif;wdkufawG0ifpD;cH&+yD;/ oCHmawmfawG/ oDv&SifawG udk zrf;qD; tusOf;cscHcJh&wmawG=um;&jyefawmh 0rf;enf;a=uuGJ&ovdk / omoemawmftwGufa&m wd ki f; jynftwGufygxdwfvef@wkefv_yfcJh&ygw,f? wu,fvnf; a=uuGJp&myg? ax&0g'Ak'<bmom xGef;um;wJh usaemfwdk@E d ki fi Hr Sm &wemoH k ;y g ; * d k%f;oif haeyg +y D wqufwnf;ajym&&if tJ h' Dtcs de fumvuoufawmf&Snfq&mawmf}uD;wyg;rS rSwfom;zG,f&m oifcef;pm,lp&m rdef@ =um;wmudkem=um;cJ h&bl;ygw,f? usaemfrS--“2007 oHCmawmfawG arwWmyd k @ qkawmif;yG JawGratmifjrifjzpfcJh&wm/ bma=umifh xifygovJ bk&m;”qdkawmh? q&mawmf}uD;u--“tJh'Dwkef;uarwWmydk@ vrf;av#mufwJh oHCmawmfawGudk =unfh+yD; udkk&ifav;wyg;u ajymw,fwJh--oHCmawmfawG/arwWmydkaewmrSm a'go oHav;awG ygaew,fwJh”--rSwfom;zG,f&m --wcGef;wnf;aom tajzyg--wu,fvnf; owdjyKzdk@yg?

,ckwifjywJh aqmif;yg;&J@ tESpfom&jzpfwJh-- wdkif;jynfat;csrf;apbdk@ arwWmjzifhatmifjrifwJ h enf;vrf;aumif;ud k "rRmp&d, OD;aX;vd _i fa&;om;wJ h e,fjcm;awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmf}uD; OD;OwWrom&. “csrf;ajr@pGm b0aeenf;”pmtkyfyg-- q&mawmf}uD;a[m=um;aom/ !$efjyaom/ arwWmjzifh atmifjrifapEdkifaom enf;vrf;aumif;udk xkwfE_wf!$efjyyg&ap? arwWm(3)rsKd;&dS&mrSm apwem/ arwWmpdwfudk t&if;cHxm;+yD; udk,fvufjzifh aqmif&Gufay;jcif;rSefor#ud k um,uHarwWmvdk@ ac:qd k +yD; aumif;&mwdkufwGef; jcif;/ aumif;usK d;&atmifaxmufyH hulnDaom pum;ajym=um;ay;jcif;/ trSm;ra&mufatmif/ 'kuQra&mufatmifqHk;r=o0g'ay;jcif; rSefor#onf 0pDuHarwWm rnfygw,f?

raemuHarwWmuawmh pdwfapwempGrf;tm;jzpfygw,f? tm&Hk!$wf+yD; owWavm}uD;udkpdwfapwempGrf;tm;jzif h csrf;om=uap&ef/ usef;rm=uap&ef/ aumif;aom}uH&,f&G,fcsufatmifjrif=uap&ef/ pdwfwcdk;jzifh zefwD;ay;EdkifpGrf;aom tvkyfjzpfygw,f? vlwudk,fvHk;wGif


70

pdwfapwem"gwfonf wefcdk;t}uD;rm;qHk; jzpfa=umif; em;vnf=uygw,f? raemuHarwWmonf/teD;ta0; tm;vH k; / ouf&d S owW0gtm;vH k;ud k v$rf; +c H KE d ki fw,fvd k @ rSwfom;&ygw,f?q&mawmf}uD;!$efjywJh enf;t& jrefrmEdkifiHol/ EdkifiHom;awGtaeeJ@ tEW&m,fuif;a0;apbdk@twGufae@pOfoGm;vmv_yf&Sm;=u&mrSm rdrdtdrf/ ausmif;/ &Hk;/ tvkyfup+yD;xGufwmeJ@ rdrda&S@wl&_t&yfY&dS=uukefaom ewf/vl/owW0gtm;vHk;wdk@onf ab;&efa=umifh=u qif;&Juif;I udk,fpdwfESpfjzmcsrf;om=uygap--aumif;usKd; vdk&mqENjynfh0=uygap vdk@-- pdwfxJu tm&Hk!$wf+yD; raemuH/arwWmajrmufatmif/ arwWmydk@v$wfxm; &ygw,f?

'DvdkygbJ-- rdrdaemufrSm usefcJhwJh ae&mtwGufvnf;/ ig. aemuft&yfY&dS =uukefaomewf/vl/owW0gtm;vHk;wdk@onf/ ab;&efa=umifh=u qif;&J uif;I udk,fpdwf ESpfjzm csrf;om=uygap/aumif;usKd;vdk&mqENjynfh0=uygapvdk@ txufygenf;twdkif; pdwf!$wf+yD; arwWmydk@ v$wfxm;cJhyg?+yD;awmh 0J/,mt&yfudk vnf; ig. 0JbufY ,mbufY &dS=uukefaom qdk+yD; txufygenf;twdkif;vnf;aumif;/ rdrd. xuf/atmufudkvnf; xdkenf;vnf;aumif; arwWmydk@v$wfxm;cJhyg --tavhtusi f hvH k ;0r& d Sao;olrsm; qd k&i fawmh tpOD ;r Sm E _wfr S z Gz G& Gwfqd ky d k @ay; +y D ;tavhtusifh&vmcsdefrSm pdwfxJubJ aqmif&Gufyg--rdrd&J@ ESvHk;aoG;wnf&m &if!$ef@ae&mudk tm&HkjyKpdwfuyf+yD; toHv$if&HkrS toHvd_if;rsm; ta0;ae&modk@ tm;aumif;aom x&efprpfwmrsm;eJ@ydk@v$wfvdkufovdkygbJ-- rdrd&J@ arwWmudk pl;pdkuf+yD; ydk@v$wf=unfhapcsifygw,f?

'Dvdk ae@pOfc&D;rSm arwWmydk@oGm;jcif;&J@ tusKd;aus;Zl;uawmh c&D;wav#mufvHk; rdrdrSmbmtaESmuft,SufrS r&dSbl;/ ab;&eftEW&m,fuif;r,f aumif;rGefacsmarmpGm vdk&m c&D;qHk;r,frdrda&muf&ma'o ae&mwdkif; awG@}uHK&olrsm;uvnf; cspfcif =unfjzL vdkvm;pGm ESifh apmifh}udK+yD;0rf;omtm;& tultnDay;=uyH kud k tH h =ozG,f&m }uHKawG@&ygr,fvd k @ q&mawmf}uD;rSrdef@=um;xm;ygw,f? t"du uawmh rdrdoGm;rnfhvrf;c&D;rSm awG@qHk&r,fh olawGonf odzl;onfjzpfap/ rodbl;onf jzpfap/ pdwftm&Hktxl;!$wf+yD; }udKwifarwWm ydk@v$wfxm;zdk@ygbJ--vltrsm;eJ@qHkawG@&r,fqdk&ifvJ-- trsm;udk &nfpl;+yD; pdwf!$wf ydkif;jcm;+yD; toD;oD; arwWmydk@v$wfoGm;&ifrdrdvdk&m qEN acsmarmpGm jynfhpHk+yD; tHh=oavmufatmif 0rf;ajrmuf&ykH udpP+yD;ajrmufyHkudkvufawG@od=u&ygvdrfhr,f? 'Dawmh vufawG@ aqmif&Guf=unfh=uygpdk@--

qufvuf+yD; txl;tm;jzifh wifjyvdkwmuawmh rdrdudk rkef;aeoludk cspfvmatmifvkyfwJhenf; rdrdtay: &efrlaeoludk +idrf;at;oGm;atmif/ aqmif&Guf EdkifwJh vsKd@0Sufenf;vrf;aumif;wckuawmh “a&arwWmydk@oenf;”ygbJ-- jrefrmjynf&J@ vuf&dStajctae[m vdyfcJwif;vif;jzpfae&ygw,f-- tpd k;&acgif;aqmifrsm; taeeJ@ twdkuftcHrsm;tay: &efolozG,foabmxm;aqmif&Gufae/ qufqHaewm =umjrif hc J hyg +y D-- vuf&d StajctaerSmvnf;twdkuftcHbufu t+rJwrf;tavsmhay;cJh+yD; awG@qHk aqG;aEG;a&;udk awmif;qdkaecJhwmyg--wu,fwrf; tajymif;tvJudk az:aqmifay;EdkifwJh tajctae[m tpdk;&ydkif; acgif;aqmifrsm;qDrSmom&dSaeygw,f-- wu,fawmh trsK d;om;acgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ wuGausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkrif;udkEdkifwdk@ tygt0if twdkuftcH tiftm;pkrsm; taeeJ@ tpdk;&ydkif;&J@oabmxm; tajymif;tvJudk enf;rsKd;pHkeJ@ }udK;pm;&if; apmifhqdkif; ae&wmyg--acsmhwvSnfhajcmufwvSnfh r&dk;&atmif enf;rsKd;pHkoHk;cJh ayrJhvnf; 'Dae@xd ratmifrjrif jzpfae&ao;wmyg--wdkif;jynfacgif;aqmifrsm;&J@ oabmxm;wif;rmrl@/ cufxefrl@/ rmausmfrl@wdk[m +idrf;csrf;pGm ESifh


71

wdkif;jynfajymif;vJ zdk@twGuf t"dutwm;tqD; jzpfae&ygw,f? wu,fvnf; jrefrmjynf&J@jy\em[m vlyk*~dKvf wOD; wpkavmuf&J@ qHk;jzwfcsuf atmufrSmbJ &dSae&wmyg?

tJ'Dawmh jzpfEdkifwJh enf;vrf;aumif;uawmh vG,fulatmif ajym&&iftJ'Dyk*~dKvf (odk@)yk*~dKvfrsm;eJ@ pdwfESvHk;at;csrf;oGm;apzdk@/ olwdk@udk a&pdrfxm;vdkufzdk@ygyJ? vuf&Sd tajctaerSm/tqHk;tjzwfay;EdkifrJh yk*~dKvf (1) OD;/ (odk@) (2) OD;/ (3) OD;udk &nfrSef;+yD;/ aqmif &Gufzdk@yJvdkygw,f?,ckudpPu wwdkif;jynfvHk;eJ@ oufqdkifaewm jzpfwJhtwGuf/ wEdkifiHvHk; twdkif;twmeJ@0dkif;0ef; aqmif&Gufzdk@ vdktyfygw,f?

enf;vrf;uawmh &dk;&dk;&Sif;&Sif;av;yg? oef@&Sif;aom a&zefcGufwckudk/ rdrdtdrf&Sdbk&m;pifay: rSm wifxm;yg? oef@&Sif;aom ausmufcJ/ ausmufp&pfcJ (odk@) opfom;acsmif;av;udkrdrdarwWm ydk@vdkoludk &nfrSwf+yD;/ a&zefcGufxJ x!fhvdkuf+yD;/ pdrfxm;yg? rdrdydk@or!fhol wOD;pDtwGufausmufcJ wvHk;pDudk x!fhay;zdk@vdkygw,f? +yD;&if tr_duftr_Hrusatmif/ tzHk;zHk;xm;yg? “ol.pdwfESvHk;/ a&uJodk@ at;csrf;oGm;ygap” vdk@ v_dufvSJpGm arwWmydk@v$wfay;aeyg? ol.pdwfylqmaejcif;udk at;csrf;oGm;apzdk@ ol@udk ig a&pdrfxm;vdkuf+yDvdk@/ rdrdpdwfudkvJ &Sif;&Sif;xm;aeyg?ylyefaomu0if+yD;/ v_yf&Sm;aejcif; r&Sdatmifaeyg?

ol@udkvJ ig 'kuQ ra&mufapvdkyg? igvnf; pdwfcsrf;om/ olvnf; pdwfcsrf;om/ae+rJwdkif; aeap&ef/ jzpf+rJwdkif; jzpfap&ef/ ol@udk a&cGufxJ cspdrfxm;vdkuf+yDvdk@/ ,Hk=unfpdwfcspGmaeyg?ol@pdwfawG at;oGm;+yD? ol@pdwf=unfvifoGm;+yD;/ ol@rSm igwdk@udk &efrlcsifpdwfawGaysmufvGifhoGm;+yDvdk@vnf;/ rdrdwdk@pdwfxJrSm odaeyg? ta&;}uD;wmu/ wu,fcsrf;omapvdkaompdwf&if;apwemom xm;ay;aeyg? xdkol&J@ pdwf[m xdktcsdefydkif;twGif;rSmyJ/ rlajymif;vJvmwmudkawG@&ygvdrfhr,f? wu,fawmh ol&J@ pdwftm&kHxJrSm rdrdwdk@u ydk@v$wfay;aeaom pdwfwefcdk;a=umihf/ylqmI/ qlyGufI aecJhaom/ ol@&J@ a'gopdwfrmef[m/ wjznf;jznf; ajyat;oGm;ygvdrfhr,f?wqufwnf; rdrdwdk@tay:rSm oem;pdwf0ifvm+yD; tJ'DurSwqifh cspfcifpdwf/ =unfEl;pdwfodk@ajymif;0ifoGm;ygvdrfhr,f?

cspfcifpdwf 0ifa&mufvm+yD;aemuf olud k,fwd kifu rdrdud k jrwfEd k;zG,f&m/aumif;aomvlw a,muf tjzpf jrifvmygvdrfhr,f? =unfEl;0rf;omaompdwfvJ 0ifpm;aeygvdrfhr,f?+yD;awmh oludk,fwdkif ajymrSm;/ qdkrSm;/ vkyfudkifrSm;wdk@udk 0efcsawmif;yefvmwwfw,f? (odk@r[kwf)oludk,fwdkif awmif;yef 0efcs jcif; rjyK&ifvnf;/ rdrdtay:/ qufvuf&efrlaeawmhrnf r[kwfyg?rD;ud k a&jzih f / vH kavmufatmif yufjzef;xm;vd kufouJhod k @ udpP +y D; / wcgwnf;at;+idrf;oGm;ygvdrhfr,f? wenf;tm;jzifh ajym&&if/ tJ'D &efrlaewJh yk*d~Kvf[m/ rdrdwdk@udkr=u!fh0HhawmhyJ/ wjcm;a'oudk “tjrefqHk;a&SmifxGufajy;oGm;yHk” udk tHh=o zG,f awG@jrif&ygvdrfhr,fvdk@ q&mawmf}uD;rS rdef@=um;xm;ygw,f? ta&;}uD;wmu/ avmu obm0/ ol@bufudk,fhbuf &Sd=uwJh "rRwmrSm/ rdrdbufuom ajzmifhrSefaom arwWmpdwf/ yHkrSef xm;aernfqdkv#if/aumif;usdK;w&m; rSefor#/ rdrdwdk@xHodk@ {uefrkcs a&mufvmrnf rvGJyg?

'Dae&mrSm oHa0*,lp&m pum;wcGef; ajymjy&if/ tEkynm&Sif udkarwWm/ t+idrfhwckrSmajymovdkygyJ---? bma=umihf qif;&J csrf;om &Sdae=uovJar;awmh---? qif;&JwJh olawGu/csrf;omwJh olawGudk =u!fh&if;/ “qJ&if;-qJ&if;eJ@ qif;&JoGm;wmygyJwJh?” qifjcifp&mav;yg?A k' <tbd"rRm oabmt&vnf; r Se fuefygw,f? r dr dwd k @& J @ p dwfapwemawGuae/


72

uHajrmufoGm;wmygyJav? 'Dawmh rdrdwdk@ bufu/ rSefuefwJh arwWmpdwfudk ajymif;vJxm;&Sd=uygpdk@?q&mawmf}uD;rS/ qufvufrdef@=um;xm;&mrSm a&arwWmudk aqmif&Guf&mrSm/ aygufajrmufatmifjrifEdkif&eftwGuf/ aqmif &Guf=ur!fholrsm;taejzifh/ (1) t&ufaopm raomufpm;&ef/(2) jzpfEdkifv#if oufoufvGwfpm;&efESifh&Hzef&Hcg Oykofapmifh&ef/ (3) wzufom;udk a'gopdwfrxm;&ef/ rcHcsifpdwf/ “rme”rxm;&ef wdk@jzpfygw,f? 'gqdk&if (3) vtwGif;rSm tvkdqEN jy!fh0atmifjrifEdkifa=umif; txl;rdef@=um;ygw,f?

,ckwifjywJh a&arwWmykd@oenf;udk/ jrefrmjynfwjynfvHk; twdkif;twmtaeeJ@ v_yf&Sm;r_w&yftjzpf aqmif&Gufapvdkygw,f? q&mawmf/ oHCmawmfrsm;&J@ vrf;!$efr_udk cH,l+yD;/ t*Fgqkawmif;tzGJ@/ a':aemftkef;vStzGJ@/ “88” ausmif;om;rsm;tzJG@/ NLD vli,frsm;tzGJ@/ Xmeqdkif&m0efxrf;rsm;/ wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ “+idrf;”tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;/ jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;/vlrsdK; bmomra&G; yl;aygif; aqmif&Gufzdk@ zdwfac: v_H@aqmf wkdufwGef;tyfygw,f? jyifyudk xGuf+yD;aqmif&Gufp&mrvdkyJ/ rdrdwdk@ aetdrfrSmwif aqmif&GufEdkifvdk@/ tpdk;&&J@ tEW&m,fuvnf;uif;a0;Edkifovdk/ tifrwefrSvnf; tpGrf;xufjrufvSygw,f? pkaygif; aqmif&GufoihfwJh tcsdefawGudkt}uHay;vdkwmuawmh/ ae@pOf wae@udk eHeuf (3) }udrf/ eHeuf (5) em&D/ (6) em&D/ (7) em&DeJ@/nydkif; (3) }udrf/ nOD;ydkif; (8) em&D/ (9) em&D/ (10) em&D wdk@rSm/ wcsdefrSm tenf;qHk; (5) rdepfcef@yg0if arwWmydk@ay;yg? rdrdwdk@ tqifajywJhtcsdefrSm yl;aygif;yg0ifzdk@yg? wu,fvdk@ rtm;rvyf&ifvnf;/rdrd wdk@ a&muf&mt&yfuae+yD;/ yl;aygif;yg0if arwWmydk@oay;yg? rdrdwdk@ ydk@owJh arwWmonf/wOD;wnf; (odk@) wpkxJqDodk@ OD;wnfaezdk@yJ vdkygw,f? tvG,frSwfrdatmif wifjy&&if/aqmif&Guf&r!hftcsdefonf eHeuf (3) }udrf/ n (3) }udrf/ “5/ 6/ 7/ 8/ 9/ 10” em&Dxdk;wdkif;rSmyJjzpfygw,f? tenf;qHk; (3) vwdkif atmif aqmif&Gufapvdkygw,f?

b,fyk*~dKvfudk a&pdrf&rvJ/ arwWm txl;ydk@o&rvJuawmh/ v_yf&Sm;r_rSm OD;aqmifrJholrsm;rS/ pOf;pm; qHk;jzwfay;=uyg? EdkifiHawmfrSm trSefwu,f tm%m&Sdaeol wOD; (odk@) wzGJ@yJjzpfyg w,f? wu,fvdk@ twdkuftcHrsm;zufudk rvkdvm;wJh olrsm; jzpfaecJh&ifvnf;/twdkuftcHzufudk 'D enf;vrf;oHk;+yD; aqmuf&GufEdkifygw,f? t"du uawmh/ wwdkif;jynfvHk;wOD;eJ@ wOD; arwWmpdwfxm;+yD; trd jrefrmEdkifiHawmftwGuf/ trsdK;/ bmom/ omoemtwGufwdk;wufatmif/ +idrf;csrf;atmif/ aqmif&Guf =u zdk@yJ jzpfygw,f? trSefwu,fvnf; usihf}uHaqmif&Guf Edkifygapa=umif; qkawmif;tyfygw,f?

Taqmif;yg;udk jrefrmwjynfvHk;odk@ vufqifhurf; jzef@a0ay;yg&efvnf; tEl;t!Gwf arwWm&yfcHtyfygw,f? rnfodk@yif twdwfwGif &SdcJhygap/ bk&m;avmif;pdwf"gwf/ olawmfaumif;pdwf"gwf arG;jrLvsuf/ rdrdwdk@. pdwf&if;apwemtrSefudk/ txift&Sm;jyovsuf/ wwdkif;jynfvHk;udk arwWmjzifh v$rf;+cHK=uygpdk@?

arwWmppf/ arwWmrSefudk rdrdwdk@rS pwifusihfoHk;&onfrSpI/ ,ck rsufarSmufrSonfcsrf;omppf csrf;omrSefudk &&SdcHpm;Edkif=uvsuf/ trSefwu,f tjrwfqHk;csrf;omodk@wdkif &&SdEdkif=uygap?trdjrefrm EdkifiHawmf}uD;/ at;csrf;om,mvsuf/ jynfol jynfom;tm;vHk;/ aumif;usdK;/vdktifqEN[lor# jy!fh0 =uapzdk@/ a&arwWmydk@oenf;udk toHk;jyK +yD; pkaygif;aqmif&Guf=uygpdk@----?

atmifqufyd ki fatmifqufyd ki fatmifqufyd ki fatmifqufyd ki fatmifqufyd ki f


73

etztpdk;&[mzG J@pnf;yH ktajccHOya'r¶S dyJtkyfcsKyfcJ hw,f/ }uHŒzGwftpd k;&uawmhzGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'eJŒ tnD tkyfcsKyfcJhw,fqdkwm[kwfygw,f? 'gjzifhbmtajymif;tvJawGawG@ae&+yDvJ?

' Dae@tcs de f[m}uHŒz Gwfppftpd k ;&taeeJ@ 2008zG J @pnf;y H ktajccHOya'eJ @tnDtpdk;&topfw&yf tom; usatmif vHk;yrf;aecsdefjzpfygw,f? ppfwyfuwdkuf¶dkufvkyfzdk@rvdkwJhvkyfief;awGudk”t&yfbuf” v$Jajymif; ay;w,f qdkwmjzpfatmif tzufzufrSmvkyfae&ygw,f?ajym&&if'Dtvkyf[molwdk@twGufvG,fwmawmh r[kwfygbl;? t&ifuawmh ppfwyfutm;vHk;udkvuf0g;}uD;tkyfxm;wmqdkawmh tajctaeudkppfwyfu (e,f awGrSmqdk&if ppfwdkif;awGu)wdkuf¶d kufodae/ csKyfudkifaewmjzpfovdk pm;aygufawGudkvnf;olwdk@uyJtm;vHk;csKyfxm;/pm;oH k ;aeygw,f? tckusawmh wd ki f ;tpd k ;&/ jynfe,ftpd k ;&qd kwmawGvky fxm;awmh'Dtpdk;&awG&JŒtvkyf udkvnf;jyEdkifatmif/ wcsdefwnf;rSm tajctaeawGudk ppfwyfucsKyfudkifrdaeEdkifatmif tqifhqifhtpD&ifcH&/ cGihfjyKcsuf,l&wmawG/ nGef=um;wmawG tqifhqihf oG,foG,f0dkuf0dkufawGjzpfvmygw,f?

wcgwavrSm w+rdK@wnf;/ wc¶dkifwnf;jzpfaewJhudpPudk xdyfqHk; =uyfajy;aejynfawmftxdwuf+yD;rS aejynfawmfuae w+rdK@wnf;ae wjcm;Xmewckudkjyefcsay;wmjzpfaeawmhtcsdefawGt&rf;=uef@=umawGvnf; ¶S daeygw,f? 'g htjyif vmbf,lawmhvnf; t&ifuppfwyfudkwdkuf¶dkufay;vdk@&ayrJh tckawmhvrf;uauGŒaumufaeygw,f? aocsmatmifajym&&ifppfwyfud krcG H Œ&awmhwm r[kwfygbl;? tckvufawGŒrSm yg;pyfwaygufyd kc G H Œae&ygw,f?'DvdktcGifhtm%ma&m pm;aygufawGyg rSsrSswweJ@ olwdk@wGif; win-win jzpfwJhpepfw&yf tcdkiftrmtom;usatmif olwdk@taeeJ@tcsdef,l+yD; tawmfudk vkyf&OD;rSmyg?

}uHŒzGwfppftpdk;&[m 'DvdkvkyfaecsdefrSm a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk yk*Hbk&m;zl;cGihfjyKwm/tmZmenfae@rSm wufa&mufapwm/ Adkvfatmif=unfeJŒpum;ajymcdkif;xm;wm pwJhtay:,HudpPawGcGifhjyK+yD; jynfwGif;jynfy tmabmfawGrSm trSwf,laeygw,f? 'gawGudk olwdk@qifuGufxJ0if+yD;trSwfay;csifolawGutrSwfay;aewJh tjyif wcsdKŒuqdk&if tpu igrajymbl;vm;qdkwmrsdK;txdajymae=uygw,f? wcg EdkifiHa&;avmurSm}uHK&avh ¶SdwJh aemufwufwJhtpdk;&'dk@tpdk;&qkdolawGvnf;vufraxmifvm=uwmawGŒ&ygw,f? wu,fuawmh ppftpdk;&w&yf[m oufwrf;¶SnfvmwmeJ@trSs olwdk@rSmtawGŒt}uHKawGvnf; rsm;jym;=uG,f0vmw,fqdkwmudk rarhoihfygbl;? olwdk@taeeJ@olwdk@tm%mudk tEW&m,fray;a&;qdkwJhrlatmufrSm b,f[mavmufudkawmh vdkufavsm/b,f[mudkawmhtavSsmhray;eJ@ qkdwmudk aumif;aumif;cGJjcm;wwfygw,f? aocsmjyef=unhfvdkuf&if

2008ckESpfzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk

rsufajcrjywf-ueJ h&Jabmfzdk;oHacsmif;


74

ppftpdk;&awG[m rluswJhudpPawGtay:rSm b,fawmhrStavSsmhray;bl;qdkwm tm;vHk;todygyJ?tvG,fqHk;eJŒ tjrifomqHk;jy&&if EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;udpP/ wdkif;&if;vufeufudkifudpPwdk@rSm

wvufr awmiftavSsmhray;a&;/ wdkif;jynf&JŒpD;yGm;a&;udk olwdk@eJ@olwdk@&JŒ ykvif;wlAl;qdk@uawGcsnf;csKyfudkifxm;a&;wdk@[m b,foleJ@rSndSEd _if;rSm/ tay;t,lvkyfrSmr[kwfwJh olwkd@&JŒtajccHrlawGyJJr[kwfygvm;?jyefpOf;pm;vdkuf&if 1962ckESpf OD;§Adkvfae0if;upvdk@ Adkvfapmarmif/Ad kvfoef;a¶$tv,f OD;§Ad kvfodef;pdef tqHk; ppftm%m¶SifawGrSm wlnDwJh rltcsufawGtrsm;}uD;¶Sdw,fqdkwm awGŒ&ygr,f? tJ'gawGuawmh (rqv emrnfcHvdk@yJjzpfjzpf/ }uHŒzGwfemrnfcHvdk@yJjzpfjzpf/ tm%mudk ,m,Dodrf;xm;oltaeeJ@jzpfjzpf) tm%mudk olwdk@csnf;vuf0g;}uD;tkyfxm;wm/ jynfwGif;ppfudktay:rSm xm;¶SdwJhoabmxm;/ ausmif;om;or*~awGtay:xm;¶SdwJhoabmxm;/ pD;yGm;a&;udkolwdk@csnf; vuf0g;csnf;tkyfxm;vdkwJhoabmxm;/ wkdif;&if;om;jynfolawG tay:xm;¶SdwJhoabmxm; pwmawGygyJ? 'gawG[m ESpfaygif;60eD;yg; .-onf ruGJyJppftm%m¶Siftqufquf udkifpGJcJhwJh ay:vpDawGvdk@qdk&ygr,f?

wu,futpd k;&w&yf&JŒvuQ%mudk jzpfap/ tJ'Dtpd k;&OD;wnfaewmudk jzpfapodcsi f&i folwd k @& J Œz G J @pnf;tky f cs Ky fy H ktajcc HOya'ud k apma=um&ygw,f? ppftpd k ;&& J Œ2008ckESpfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'[m pay:xGufvm uwnf;u vlwdkif;&JŒqef@usifjcif;udkcHcJh&ygw,f? ajym&&if 2010 a¶G;aumufyGJ }uHŒzGwfur[kwfyJ 0ifcJholawG/ tcktrwfjzpfaeolawGawmifrS 'DzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'[m b,favmufqdk;w,f/ ppfwyftm%mvuf rvGwfa&;udktmrcHay;wJh Oya'jzpfw,fqdkwmudk jrifcJh/ todtrSwfjyKcJh=uygw,f? tck }uHŒzGwfppftpdk;&vkyfaewmawG[m tJ'D zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'yg &nfrSef;csufawGudk ykHo¾meftrsdK;rsdK;eJ@taumiftxnfazmf aewmjzpfw,fqdkwmudk rarhoihfygbl;?

'Dtpdk;& wufvmwm av;vausmfcJhwJhaemufrSm wdkif;jynfu dk(zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'yg owfrSwfcsuf twdkif;) tcsdefra¶G; tm%modrf;r,fh tEW&m,fu uGmvSrf;oGm;apcJhw,fvdk@b,folajymEdkifygovJ? =uyfajy;u v$wfawmfxJrSm }uHŒzGwftpdk;&ucsrSwfcsifwmudk =uHŒzGwfr[kwfwJhudk,fpm;vS,fawGu qef@usifvdk@ ysuf oGm;w,f/ &yfqdkif;xm;&w,fqdkwmrsdK;aum b,fES,f}udrfrsm;¶SdoGm;+yDvJ? udpPawGudk udk,fhudk,fudkrnmpwrf;/ rvdrfpwrf;=unhf=uprf;yg? ordkif;rSm ppftpdk;&&JŒtvdrftnmudk tumtuG,fay;ol/ zHk;zday;ol/ atmufapmihf vkyfay;oltjzpf emrnfrysufzdk@vdkygw,f?

Armjynfordkif;rSm ¶SdcJhwJh zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' oHk;ckxJu wckwnf;aom trsm;vuQ%maqmifwJh zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'vdk@ ajym&r,fh 1947 ckESpff zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' udkawmifrS zqyvtpdk;&[m olwdk@xifovdkqGJqef@+yD; twdkuftcHawGudkzdESdyfowfjzwfwmawG vkyfcJhygao;w,f? vuf¶Sd2008 ckESpffzGJ@pnf; tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'eJ@uawmh}uHŒzGwfppftpdk;& b,fhuavmuftxd &rf;Edkifw,fqdkwm vlwdkif;cef@rSef;Edkif ygw,f?

Armjynf&J ŒtajctaeawGudkajymif;zdk@qdk&if 2008ckESpf zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udkajymif;vJypfwmu p&ygr,f? 'Drdkua&pDtwGuf ta&;qdkaeolawG tm;vHk; 'DzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'qdk;}uD;udk rsufajcrjywf=uzdk@ vdkovdk rdrdwdk@&JŒ vkyfief;pOfwdkif;rSmvnf; 'DzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' zsufodrf;a&;udk xdyfwef;xm;=u&ygvdrfh r,f?

zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udk OD;wnfwdkuf&wJh wdkufyGJqdkwm[m vG,fvG,fr[kwfbl;qdkwmvnf; rarhzdk@ vdkygw,f? &Jabmfzdk;oHacsmif;


75

udk,fhbufu tiftm;aumif;rSwef;wlnDrSs aqG;aEG;Edkif-ur,f

75

atmif'if

(1)'Drdkua&pDeJŒ vlŒtcGifhta&;awG usaemfwdkŒ EdkifiHrSm jyefvnfxGef;um;zdkŒeJŒ trsdK;

om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;twGuf taumif;qkH;enf;vrf;u jrefrmppftkyfpk eJŒ a':atmifqef;pk=unfacgif;aqmifwJh 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk/wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkudk,fpm;vS,frsm; okH;yGifhqdkifawGŒqHkaqG;aEG; nSdEd_if;ajz&Sif;jcif;yJjzpfw,fvdkŒ usaemfwdkŒ vufcH,Hk=unfxm;=uygw,f/

tJ'Dvdk ,Hk=unfr_twdkif; ppftkyfpkudk awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;zdkŒ/ 'dkif,mavmh (dialogue)

vkyfzd kŒawmif;qdkcJ hwm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm =umjrifhcJ hygjyD/ tckxdawmh ppftkyfpku vkH;0vufrcHjiif;qefaeqJyg/ wu,fawmhvJ jy\emawG/ yÉdyuQawG/ ppfyGJawG/tm;vkH;[m b,fvdku pcJhpcJhaemufqkH;tqifhrSmESpfzufawGŒqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifhtqkH;owf&wmyg/ 'gayrnfh 'dkif,mavmhwdkif;[maumif;rGefwJh&vm'fudk rzefwD;Edkifygbl;/

txl;ojzifh wbuf&efolu tiftm;=uD;rm;jyD; tEdkif&aecsdefrSm 'dkif,mavmhqdkwmjzpfEdkifzG,fr&Sdovdk jzpfjyef&ifvJtm;enf;wJh bufu t&Sk H;ay;vufeufcs&wJh tajctaeeJŒtqkH;owfwwfygw,f/ usaemfwdkŒEdkifiHudk jAdwdoSsudkvdkeDtpdk;&u e,fcsJŒawmh t*Fvdyf-jrefrm ppfokH;=udrfjzpfcJhygw,f/ tJ'D ppfyGJ okH;ckpvkH;udk ESpfzufawGŒqHkaqG;aEG;jyD; tqkH;owfcJh&ayrnfhtJ'DaqG;aEG;yGJawGu usaemfwdkŒb,fvdk t&SkH;ay;&r,fqdkwmudk jyÏmef;twnfjyKwJhyGJawGyJjzpfcJh&ygw,f/

1947 ckESpf trsdK;om;acgif;aqmif=uD;AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; eJŒ 0ef=uD;csKyf tufwvDacgif;aqmifwJh jAdwdoSstpdk;&wdkŒ awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;wJhtcsdefusawmh jrefrmjynfolawGbufuacgif;aqmifaumif;rsm;&JhOD;aqmifr_atmufrSm nDnGwftm;aumif;aewJhtcsdef/ vGwfvyfa&;&,lzdkŒpdwf"mwfxufoef jyif;xefaewJhtcsdef/ppftawGŒt=uKH/vlxkwdkufyGJtawGŒt=uKHjrifhrm;jyD;b,fvdkenf;eJŒyJjzpfjzpf vGwfvyfa&;udkt&,lzdkŒ qkH;jzwfxm;wJhtcsdef/wbufrSm jAdwdoSstpdk;&taeeJŒu'kwd,urBmppf=uD;rSm OD;aqmifwdkufcdkufcJh&vdkŒ yifyef;jyD; pD;yGg;a&;t=uyftwnf;/ EdkifiHa&;t=uyftwnf;awGeJŒ &ifqdkifae&jyD; tm;enf;aewJhtcsdefyg/ 'ga=umifhrdkŒvdkŒ tJ'D aqG;aEG;yGJuae jrefrmEdkifiHudkwESpftwGif;vGwfvyfa&; ay;r,fqdkwJh uwdu0wf udk&cJhwmyg/?

'Dawmh awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;zdkŒawmif;qdkwmrSefayrnfh udk,fhbufu tiftm;raumif;&if'dkif,mavmhqdkwmjzpfvmEdkifp&mr&Sdbl;qdkwm&,f/ jzpf&ifawmifrS wef;wlnDrSsaqG;aEG;cGifh&jyD;tm;vkH;twGuftusdK;&SdwJh &vm'fawG xGufay:vmrnfhtajctaersdK;rSm r&SdyJ udk,fhbufuyJavSsmŒ jyD;&if; avSsmŒ&wJhtajctaersdK;udkyJ a&mufapEdkifygw,f/

ppftpdk;&u wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzGJŒtpnf;awGeJŒ oD;jcm;aqG;aEG;r_awGvkyfcJhbl;ygw,f/ tJ'DaqG;aEG;yGJawGrSmppftkyfpku tay:pD;uae "cifAsm;wdkŒ vufeufcs=u/Oya'abmifxJ0ifvm=u/ usKyfwdkŒudk rqefŒusifeJŒ/ 'gqdkcifAsm;wdkŒudk usKyfwdkŒu olaumif;jyKr,f"vdkŒqdkjyD; vufatmufcHjyKa&;aqG;aEG;wmrsdK;yJjzpfcJhygw,f/ ucsifu rxkaemfwdkŒ/ pcHkw&def;wdkŒ/ ytdkŒu


76

atmifcrf;xD wdkŒ/ u&ifu z'dkatmifqef; wdkŒ uawmh olaumif;jyKcHjyD; olwdkŒ&Jh awmfvSefa&;udkausmcdkif;oGm;=ujyD; oabmrwlwJh tzGJŒawGuawmh ppftkyfpk&Jh xdk;ppfudk &ifqdkifae=u&ygjyD/'ga=umif hta&;t=uD;qk H;u 'd kif,mavmhudk awmif;qd kaewJhwcsdefwnf;rSmyJ usaemfwd kŒ'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk=uD; tm;aumif;=uHhcdkifnDnGwf=uzdkŒvdktyfovdk wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftiftm;pkrsm;uvJ ppftkyfpku wzGJŒ jcif;cG J jcm;wdkufcd kufwm/pnf;&k H;wmudk pkaygif;jyD;nDnDnmnmwkHŒ jyef=uzdkŒvdkygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk=uD; eJŒ wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftiftm;pkrsm;tm;aumif;rS/ nDnGwfrS/ cdkifrmrS ppftkyfpkeJŒ wef;wlnDrSsaqG;aEG;Edkif=urSmyg/ (2)

usaemfu awG@qHkaqG;aEG; tajz&Sma&;udk axmufcHolyg/ 'gayrnfhvJ usaemfwdkŒ 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk=uD; eJŒwdkif;&if;om;awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm; tm;aumif;oefrmnDnGwfrS eJŒppftkyfpktm;enf;rSyJ usaemfwdkŒ awmif;qdkwJh 'dkif,mavmhqdkwmjzpfr,fvdkŒ ,Hk=unfxm;ygw,f/tJ' Dvd k ' d ki f,mavmhrs d K ; jzpfr Sy J tm;vk H ;twGuf tusd K ;& S dwJ h&vm'fawGxGufEd ki fr,fvd k Œtcdkiftrm,Hk=unfygw,f/ 'gayrnfhvJ jynfwGif;uae xGufajy;vmol wa,mufrdkŒ jynfwGif;u'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk=uD; tm;aumif;cdkifrma&;qdkwmudk ta0;u pdwf"mwfa&;&m axmufyHh¶HkuvGJvdkŒraqmif&GufEdkifolyg//

wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif tiftm;pkrsm; nDnGwfcdkifrmatmif qdkwmvJ qkawmif;ay;¶HkuvGJvdkŒbmrSrwwfEdkifyg/ usaemfwwfEdkifwm wckuawmh ppftkyfpktm;enf;a&;twGuftar&dueftpdk;&u OD;aqmifjyD; pD;yGg;a&;ydwfqdkŒr_awGeJŒ ppftkyfpk&Jhydkifqdkifr_awG/ aiG0ifvrf;a=umif;awGudk wm;jrpfatmif vH_Œaqmfpnf;&kH;wmygyJ/ jrefrmEdkifiHppfacgif;aqmifawG[m olwdkŒ&J hvlowf,eœ,m;=uD;udk tiftm;jznfhzdkŒ/ vufeufwyfqifzdkŒaiGa=u; tajrmuftrsm;okH;pGJ aeygw,f/t"du¶k%f;awGudk[efŒwm;zdkŒ/ 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk=uD;udk ESdrfESif;zdkŒ twGuf olwdkŒ&Jh axmufvSrf;a&;vkyfief;awG twGuf aiGa=u;tajrmuftrsm;okH;pGJygw,f?

tJ'gtjyif olwdkŒ eJŒ rdom;pkawG&Jh tusdK;pD;yGg;twGuf wdkif;jynf&Jh tzdk;wefo,HZmwypPnf;awG/ ausmufrsuf&wemawG/ uGsef;opfawG/ obm0"mwfaiGŒawGudk jynfyudka&mif;pm;jyD; &&SdwJhaiGa=u;awGudk jynfyb%fawGrSm cdk;0SufjrKyfESHxm;wmyg/ &JwHcGef eJŒ &wem uxGufwJh "mwfaiGŒawGudkxdkif;EdkifiHudk a&mif;wmuwif wESpfudk tar&duefa':vm oef; 500 ausmf&&SdjyD; pa&mif;csdefuae'DuaeŒtxd a':vm oef;axmifaygif;rsm;pGm &cJhjyD; jzpfayrnfh tJ'DydkufqHawG[m vlxk&Jhynma&;/usef;rma&;/ vlr_a&;udpPawGtwGuf r[kwfcJhyg/ 'Dawmh jrefrmppfacgif;aqmifawGudk pD;yGg;a&;ydwfqdkŒwm/ olwdkŒ cdk;0SufjrKyfESHxm;wJh ydkufqHawG/ ydkifqdkifr_awGudk xdef;csKyfwm/ wm;jrpfwm awG[mvkyfoifhvkyfxdkufwJhta&;,lr_vdkŒ usaemf,Hk=unfygw,f?

¶dk;¶dk; &Sif;&Sif;ajym&&if jrefrmppfacgif;aqmifawG&Jh aiG0ifvrf;a=umif;awGudk xdxda&mufa&mufydwfqdkŒEdkifr,fqdk&if/ olwdkŒ&Jh jynfyrSmodrf; qnf;xm;wJh aiGa=u;awG/ ydkifqdkifr_awGudkxdxda&mufa&mufxdef;csKyfEd kifr,fqdk&if ppftkyfpk[m wajz;ajz;eJŒ tm;enf;vmvdrfhr,fvdkŒ,Hk=unfxm;ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk,Hk=unfwJh twGuf tar&dueftpdk;&udk jrefrm@'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk=uD;udktjrifhrm;qkH; axmufcHyHhydk;zdkŒ eJŒ jrefrmppftkyfpkudk tjyif;xefqkH; ydwfqdkŒta&;,lzdkŒpnf;&kH;vH_ŒaqmfaecJhwm tckqdk 10 ESpf&SdygjyD //


77

(3)vGefcJhwJh (2) ESpf orRwtdkbm;rm; wufvmwJhtcsdefup+yD; jrefrmEdkifiHqdkif&m tar&duef

jynfaxmifpk&JŒrl0g'udk jyefvnfokH; oyf+yD; qef&SifeJ@zdtm;ay;r_awGudk qufvufqkyfudkifxm;+yD;wcsdefwnf;rSm jrefrmppftkyfpkeJ@ wdkuf¶dkufaqG;aEG;ndSEd_if;r,fqdkwJh (Pragmatic Engagement Policy)

rl0g'udk csrSwftaumiftxnfazmfcJhygw,f? wenf;tm;jzifhajymr,fqdk&if tar&dueftpdk;& uvnf;jrefrmppfacgif;aqmifrsm;eJ@ 'dkif,mavmhvkyfr,faygh? tJ'D rl0g'opfudk usaemfaxmufcHygw,f?t&ifwkef;u tar&duef uppftkyfpkudk=um;vluwqifhqufqH+yD;tajymif;tvJvkyfzkd@wdkufwGef;cJhw,f?

tck =um;vl§=um;EdkifiHudk rokH;awmhyJ wdkuf¶dkufpum;ajymr,f? ppftkyfpku tjyKoabmwkef@jyefrS/ tajymif;tvJawGvkyfrS qef&Sifudk ¶kyfodrf;r,f? 'g[m aumif;rGef wJh rl0g'w&yfyg? 'gayrnfhtJ'Dvdk wdkuf¶dkufqufqHr_tay:rSm ppftkyfpku tjrwfxkwf tcGifhta&;,l+yD; EdkifiHwum zdtm;ay;r_awGudk a00g;atmif/ avsmhenf;atmif vSnfhzsm;Edkifwmrkd@ owd}uD;}uD;xm;zkd@ t=uHjyKawmif;qdkcJhygw,f?

wu,fawmh tm%m&Sifrsm;eJ@ 'dkif,mavmhvkyfwJhae&mrSm txufuwifjycJhovdkudk,fhbufu tm;aumif;zkd@vdkygw,f? r[kwf&if tm%m&Sifu 'dkif,mavmhqdkwmudk av;pm;r_r&SdyJwzufu tm;enf;vkd@/ ta&;edrfhaevkd@ pum;ajymzkd@urf;vSrf;wmvkd@ jrifygvdrfhr,f? tJ'DvdkjrifwJhtcgusawmh tm%m&Sifu olvdkcsifwmudkyJ wbufowfawmif;qdk+yD; ol@bufuawmhwpHkw&m jyefay;zkd@ pOf;pm;rSmr[kwfyg?

'ga=umifh usaemfu tar&dueftpdk;&udk udk,fhbufu tm;aumif;atmift&ifvkyfzkd@/'dkif,mavmh vkyfrnfhtcsdefumvudk (1) ESpfjzpfap/ (2) ESpfjzpfap twdtusowfrSwfzkd@/ tJ'DwduswJhtcsdefZ,m;xJrSm udk,fhbufu vdkcsif wmawG/ (EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vkH; cGsif;csufr&Sdv$wfay;zkd@/ vlŒtcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_awG &yfwef@zkd@/ EdkifiHom;tm;vkH; wdkif;jynf&Jh EdkifiHa&;jzpfpOftwGif;rSm vGwfvyfpGm yg0ifcGifhjyKzkd@/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfacgif;aqmifwJh 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk/wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;eJ@ +idrf;csrf;pGmawGŒqHkaqG;aEG;+yD; rwlnDr_awGudk ndSEd_if;ajz&Sif;zkd@)pwmawGudk cdkifcdkifrmrm awmif;qdkzkd@/ +yD;awmh ppftkyfpku tjyKoabmwkefŒ jyef&if udk,fhbufuvdkufavsmEdkifwmawGudk csjyzkd@eJ@ ppftkyfpku rwkef@jyef &if udk,fhbufu ydk+yD;ta&;,lEdkifwmawGudkjyifqifxm;zkd@/ tJovdk t=uHjyKcJhygw,f? tckxdawmh tar&duef&Jh ppftkyfpkeJ@ 'dkif,mavmh[mESpfESpfom=umvmw,f? bm&vm'fr SrxGufbl;qdkwmudk0efcH=uayrnfh usaemft=uHjyKovdkjzpfrvmao;yg? (4)

wzufrSmvnf; qef&Sif[m xda&mufr_r&Sdbl; qdk+yD; tar&dueftpdk;&udk qef&SifawGvkH;0&kwfodrf;+yD; ppftkyfpkeJ@ &if;ESD;atmif qufqHzkd@ wdkufwGef;vH_Œaqmfae=uolawGvJtrsm;}uD;yg? olwkd@&Jht"dua0zefcsufuawmh w¶kwftpdk;&u jrefrmppftkyfpkudk pD;yGm;a&;taxmuftyHheJ@ EdkifiHa&;tumtuG,fay;aewmrkd@ tar&duef&Jh zdtm;ay;r_[m tusdK;oufa&mufr_r&Sdbl;vkd@ qdkyg w,f?'ga=umifh pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdk@r_udk¶kwfodrf;/ jrefrmppftkyfpkudk &if;&if;ESD;ESD;qufqH+yD; ,Hk=unfr_&atmif}uKd;pm;&if wajz; ajz;eJ@ tajymif;tvJawGvkyfatmif pnf;&kH;odrf;oGif;Edkifvdrfhr,f/ w¶kwfvufxJuae jrefrmppftkyfpkudk qGJxkwfEdkifzkd@u ydkta&;}uD;w,fvkd@ tJ'D^m%f}uD;&Sifrsm;ua=uG;a=umf=uygw,f?

w¶kwf&JŒtumtuG,fay;r_a=umifh tar&duef&JŒzdtm;ay;r_awG xda&mufoifhoavmuf


78

rxda&mufbl;qd kwm twdki f;twm wckxdawmhrSe fygw,f? 'gayr,f h w¶kwftpd k ;&utm%m&Sifrsm;tm;vkH;&Jh zcif}uD;/ oludk,fwdkifu olŒ jynfolawGudk tuef@ towfawG/ t=urf;zufrªawGeJ@ tkyfcsKyfaeovdk wurBmvkH;u tm%m&Siftpdk;&rsm;udk OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKaeoljzpfygw,f?w¶kwfeJ@ tar&duef&JŒwefbdk;xm;r_awGu ta&SŒeJ@taemuf ajzmifhajzmifh}uD; qef@usif=uygw,f?w¶kwfu 'Drdkua&pD/ w&m;rSs wr_eJ@ vlŒtcGifhta&;qdkwmudk uGefjrLepfygwD&Jh tm%mudk+cdrf;ajcmufr_tjzpfoabmxm;w,f? tar&duefu 'Drdkua&pD/ w&m;rSswr_ eJ@ vlŒtcGifhta&;qdkwmudkvl@tzGJŒtpnf;wdkif;rSm rvGJraoG&SdoifhwJh/ vlom;wdkif; cHpm;ydkifcGifh&SdwJh tajccH&ydkifcGifh rsm;vkd@,Hk=unfw,f? w¶kwftpdk;&u tm%m[m aoewfajymif;0rSm wnfw,fvkd@usifhokH;+yD; tar&duefutm%mqdkwm vlxk&JŒvGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,fwifajrSmufr_eJ@yJ &&Sdoifhw,fvkd@ vufcHw,f? 'ga=umifhwefbdk;xm;r_jcif; qef@usif=uwJhae&mrSm tar&dueftpdk;&udk olŒ&JŒwefbdk;xm;r_awGudkpGef@v$wf+yD;w¶kwftpdk;&vdk usifh=uHzkd@awmif;qdkwm t"dy`g,fr&Sdyg?

jrefrmppftkyfpkeJ@ &if;ESD;uGsrf;0ifoGm;&if tajymif;tvJawGvkyfatmif ajz;ajz;csif;pnf;¶kH;Edkifvdrfhr,fvkd@qdkwmvJ pdwful;,Of wmyJ jzpfygvdrfhr,f? tar&duefu tD*spforRwrlbm&ufudk r[mrdwftjzpfqufqH+yD; taxmuftyHhawGtrsm;}uD;ay;+yD; 'Drdkua&pD tajymif;tvJawGvkyfzkd@ pnf;¶kH;cJhayr,fh ratmifjrifyg? vlxk&JhtcGifhta&;awGudk uef@owfcsKyfcs,f+yD; vlxkudkt=urf;zuftkyfcsKyfcJhwJh rlbm&uf[m aemufqkH;awmh vlxktHk=uGr_awGuz,f&Sm;rSyJ tm%muqif;ay;&wmyg? qD;&D;,m; orRw tmqwfudkvJ tajymif;tvJvkyfrnfh acgif;aqmif wa,mufvkd@taemufEdkifiHawGu arSsmfvifhcJh=ubl;ygw,f? tckawmh tJ'Dtpdk;& awGtm;vkH;u jynfolawG&JŒ+idrf;csrf;pGm qENjyr_udk t=urf;zufowfjzwfESdrfeif;aewJh tmqwfudk 0dkif;0ef;¶H_Œcs ae=u&yg+yD?usaemfwkd@awmif;qdkaewJh trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;qdkwm jrefrmppftkyfpkeJ@ jrefrmjynfolrsm;t=um; jyefvnf oifhjrwfa&;jzpfygw,f? jrefrmppftkyfpkeJ@ tar&dueftygt0if 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHrsm;&JŒ jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;r[kwfyg?

aemufwcsufu qef&Sifurxda&mufbl;qdk&if tar&duefuGef*&ufv$wfawmfuOya'jyÏmef;csrSwfxm;wJh ta&;,lr_awGudk tar&dueftpdk;&u tjynfht0/ xdxda&mufa&muftaumiftxnfazmf&JŒvm;qdkwmudkvnf; jyefvnfokH;oyfoifhygw,f? usaemfuawmh tar&dueftpdk;&[m Oya'eJ@ jyÏmef;xm;wJhta&;,lr_awGudk tjynfht0taumiftxnf azmfjcif; r&Sdao;bl;?tar&duef oHwrefawGudk,fwdkifu qef&Sifudk ta&;}uD;wJhvufeufwcktjzpf tokH;rcs=ubl;vkd@axmufjycsifygw,f?

tar&duefoHwref tawmfrsm;rsm;u qef&Sifqdkwmudk tusdK;&SdwJhvufeufwckvkd@rjrifyJolwkd@&JŒoHwrefa&;&mtm;xkwfr_rSm t[ef@twm;wckvkd@jrifygw,f? 'Dqef&Sifa=umifh olwkd@[moufqdkif&mEdkifiHawGrSm tpdk;&acgif;aqmifawGeJ@ &if;&if;ESD;ESD; qufqHcGifhr&/ awGŒqHkcGifhr&/ olwkd@vGwfvGwfvyfvyfoGm;vmvkd@r&wmvkd@ tjypfjrif=uygw,f? 2003 ckESpfrSm tar&duefuGef*&ufv$wfawmfu jrefrmEdkifiHuwifydk@wJhoGif;ukefawGudk ydwfqdk@wJhta&;,lr_yg0ifwJh (Burmese

Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003) udk Oya'jyÏmef;cJhygw,f? tJ'DOya'u orRwuZlvdkifvxJrSm vufrSwfa&;xdk;twnfjyK+yD; wvt=um =o*kwfvxJrSmrS touf0ifwmyg? 'gayr,fhpufwifbmvxJrSmvkyfwJh v$wfawmf=um;emyGJwckrSm tJ'DwkH;u 'kvufaxmuf EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;vkyfaewJhyk*d~Kvfu 'DoGif;ukefydwfqdk@r_a=umifh jrefrmEdkifiHrSm txnfcsKyfpuf¶HkawG &meJ@csD+yD; ydwf&+yD;


79

trsKd;orD;av;awG axmifaygif;rsm;pGm tvkyfjyKwf&w,f? wcsKdŒrdef;uav;awG jynfhwefqmjzpfoGm;=uygw,fvkd@ xGufqdkoGm;ygw,f? wu,fawmh olxGufqdkwJhtcsdefrSm oGif;ukefydwfqdk@ta&;,lr_u oufa&mufr_&Sdwm &ufydkif;av;yJ &Sdyg ao;w,f? olajymovdk b,fvdkrSrjzpfEdkifyg?'gayr,fh tar&dueftpdk;&xdyffwef;t&m&Sd udk,fwdkifuajymwmrkd@ urBmw0Srf;u owif;pmawGrSmxdyffwef;owif;wyk'fjzpfcJh+yD; tckxdvJ qef&Sifonf omrmefjynfolrsm;udkom xdcdkufonfvkd@ajymcsifolrsm; twGuf xm0&udk;um;p&m jzpfaeygw,f? aemuf odyfr=umcifrSmyJ tJ'Dt&m&Sdvnf;wm0efutem;,l+yD; jrefrmEdkifiHtay: csrSwfxm;wJh qef&SifawG &kwfodrf;ay;zkd@ t}uD;tus,favmfbDvkyfaewJh pD;yGm;a&;aumfydka&;&Sif;rsm;udk,fpm;jyKtzGJŒwzGJŒ&JŒ t}uD;tuJ jzpfoGm;ygw,f?qdkvdkcsifwmu tar&duefoHwrefwcsKdŒudk,fwdkifu tpdk;&&JŒ qef&Sifrl0g'udkxdxda&mufa&muftaumiftxnfazmf&rnfhtpm; olwkd@udk,fwdkifu qef&Sifudk jypfwifa0bef+yD; tm;enf;atmifvkyfae=uwmyg?

2008 ckESpfrSm uGef*&ufv$wfawmfu Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE

Act of 2008 udk jyXmef;twnfjyKygw,f? tJ'DOya'rSmygwJhta&;,lr_awGxJrSm xif&Sm;wm (2)cku ppfacgif;aqmifawGeJ@ olwkd@udk pD;yGm;a&;/ EdkifiHa&;axmufyHhaeolawGudk ypfrSwf xm; ta&;,lwJhTargeted Financial Sanctions eJ@ olwkd@&J h aiGa=u;udpPawGudk pDrHcef@cG Jay;aewJhEd ki fiH jcm;b%fawGudkta&; ,lwJh Banking Sanction yg? tJ'DOya't& tar&duefb¾ma&;0ef}uD;Xmeu ppfacgif;aqmifawG/ rdom;pk0ifawG/ tvdkawmf&d pD;yGm;a&;orm;awGudkemrnfysufpm&if;xJ (Specially Designated Nationals§SDN) xnfhoGif;+yD; ta&;,lr_awGpwifcJhygw,f?

'gayrnfhvnf; 'Duae@ tar&dueftpdk;&u ypfrSwfxm;ta&;,lwJh emrnfysufpm&if;0ifyk*d~Kvfrsm;ta&twGuf[m Oa&myor*~u jynf0ifcGifhrjyKzkd@ jiif;qdkxm;wJhta&twGufeJ@ =opa=w;vstpdk;&u ypfrSwfxm;ta&;,lxm;wJhta& twGufxuf trsm;}uD;enf;aeygw,f? Oa&myor*~eJ@=opa=w;vstpdk;&uta&;,lxm;wJh tvdkawmf&dwcsKdŒ[m 'Duae@ txd tar&dueftpdk;&&JŒta&;,lr_uae uif;vGwfaeqJjzpfwmudk tHh=ozG,fawGŒ&ygw,f?

ydk+yD;ta&;}uD;wJh Banking Sanction udkawmh tar&dueftpdk;&u vkH;0taumiftxnfazmfwmrawG@&ygbl;? 2006 ckESpfu tJ'Dqef&SifeJ@ tar&dueftpdk;&u ajrmufudk&D;,m;tpdk;&rumtdkb%fwckrSmvSsdKŒ0SuftyfESHxm;wJh tar&duefa':vm oef; (20) ausmfudk xdef;csKyfvdkufEdkifvkd@aemufqkH;rSm uif*sK H;tDu ajcmufEd kifiHaqG;aEG;yG JrSm jyefygzk d@ uwdjyK&wmyg? tck jrefrmppfacgif;aqmifawGa&m/ tvdkawmf&dpD;yGm;a&;orm;awGa&m wdkif;jynfwGif;u o,HZmwawG/jynfolvlxk&J htusK d;pD;yGm;awGudk cd k;0Sufvk,lxm;wJh a':vm oef;axmifaygif;rsm;pGmudkjynfyEdkifiHwcsKdŒub%fawGrSm &if;ESD;jrSKyfESHxm;=uwmyg? tJ'DaiGa=u;awGudkomxdef;csKyfEdkifr,fqdk&ifppftkyfpkudk t}uD;tus,ftm;enf;aprSmyg?

'DtcsufawGa=umifh qef&Sifu rxda&mufbl;qdkwm[m tar&duefoHwrefawGuxda&mufr_&S datmif tokH;rcswm&,f/ tar&dueftpd k;&ud k,fYu qef&Sifud ktjynfht0taumiftxnfrazmfao;vkd@jzpfw,fvkd@ usaemf &J&J}uD;ajymEdkifygw,f? (5)

udk,fhbufu tiftm;aumif;rS wef;wlnDrSs pum;ajymvkd@&ygvdrfhr,f? 'D@twGuf


80

udk,fhbufutiftm;udk tjrifhrm;qkH;jzpf atmif wnfaqmufzkd@eJ@ jrefrmppftkyfpkudk pD;yGm;a&;/E d ki fi Ha&;ta&;,lr _awGe J @ tm;tifcs de J @atmif tjyif;xefqk H ; z dtm;ay;a&; E Sp fc k[mta&;t}uD;qkH;jzpfw,fvkd@ usaemf,Hk=unfygw,f? 'ga=umifhvnf; usaemfwkd@u tar&dueftpdk;&udkvuf&Sdcs rSwfxm;wJhOya't& ta&;,lr_awGudk tjynfht0eJ@ xda&mufatmiftaumiftxnfazmfzkd@/ppftkyfpkeJ@aqG;aEG;wmudk wduswJhtcsdefpm&if;owfrSwfzkd@/ owfrSwfxm;wJhtcsdefumvtwGif;jzp fay:vmEd ki fwJ htajctaeawGtay:r Sm aumif ;&i f aumif ;ovd k / qd k ;&i fqd k ;ovd kwkef@jyefEdkif&eftqifoifh&Sdzkd@ wdkufwGef;ae=uw,f? tJ'DvdkwdkufwGef;&mrSm usaemfwkd@&J@ US Cam-

paign for Burma tzGJŒ0ifrsm;/ tar&duefEdkifiHw0Srf;u jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDta&;axmufcHolrsm;eJ@vl@tcGi f hta&; tzG J Œ tpnf;rsm;/ uGef*&ufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;&JŒ ulnDtm;ay;r_e J @aqmif&Gufae=uwmyg?

'Dv_yf&Sm;r_&JŒ tqifhwqifhtaeeJ@ ZGefv (27) &ufae@u jrefrmppftkyfpkudk EdkifiHa&;t&/pD;yGm;a&;t& axmufcHyH hyd k;aewJh tvdkawmf&dpD;yGm;a&;orm;eJ@ 0g'jzef@csda&;orm; (42)a,muf&JŒtrnfpm&if;udk tar&duefb¾ma&;0ef}uD;xH usaemfwkd@ w&m;0ifwifoGif;+yD;'Dyk*d~KvfawGudk tar&dueftpdk;&u ypfrSwfxm;ta&;,lzkd@ awmif;qdkvdkufygw,f? (tJ'D tvdkawmf&d42 a,mufpm&if;udk atmufrSm=unfhyg/) 'D (42) OD;pm&if;udkvnf; jynfwGif;u rdwfaqGrsm;/& Jabmfr sm;& J ŒtultnDe J @ jy Kp kc J hwmyg?ody f +y D ; jynf hp H kw J h pm&i f ;awmhr[kwfao;yg?trSm;t,Gif;tcsKdŒvnf; &Sdygw,f? jynfolrsm;&Jh t=uHjyKcsuf/ jznfhpGufcsufawGudkvvnf;zdwfac:ygw,f? wa,mufuaxmufjyvkd@ O\m,lEdkufwuf abmvkH;uvyf&JŒyd kif&Sif[matmifausmfrdk;r[kwfyJ atmifrdk;ausmfjzpfw,fvkd@ od&ygw,f?

{&m0wD r*~Zif;&JŒbavmhudkydk@wJh rSwfcsufwckt& ppfudkif; a'o}uD; aumvif;+rdKŒtaemufbuf yifv,fbl;+rdKŒuav;rSm &kyf&Sifo¶kyfaqmifvGifrdk;&JŒ owWKwl;azmfa&;ukr`%Du a'ocHawG&JŒvkyfuGufawGudk ppfwyfeJ@aygif; t"rRodrf;qnf;+yD; vkyfief;vkyfaewmawG/ vrf;awGudkzsuf+yD;+rdKŒuav;udk epfem t¶kyfqdk;atmifvkyfaewmawG od&ygw,f? tvdkawmf&dpm&if;rSm xnfhoGif;&rnfhtjcm;yk*d~KvfawGtrsm;}uD;&Sdygao;w,f? vlxk&JŒt=uHjyKcsufawGeJ@ tvdkawmf&drsm;pm&if;udk ydk+yD;jynfhpHkatmifjyKpk+yD; tar&dueftpdk;&u ta&;,latmif quf+yD; awmif;qdkyghr,f?

Banking Sanction udk taumiftxnfazmfzkd@twGufvJ ZGef (2) &ufae@uatmufv$wfawmf EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrDwDu usif;ywJh =um;emyGJeJ@ ZGef (22) &ufae@rSmatmufv$wfawmf tm&SeJ@ypdzdwfa'oqdki f&m qyfaumfrDwDuusif;ywJ h =um;emyG Jr SmuGef*&ufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;udk usaemf w&m;0ifwifjyawmif;qdkcJhygw,f? qufvuf+yD;vJtar&duef jynfolrsm; / vlŒtcGi f hta&;v_y f& Sm;olrsm; / tzG J Œtpnf;rsm;& J htultnDe J @tar&dueftpd k;&ud k qufvufzdtm;ay;oGm;yg hr,f/ jrefrm ppftkyfpku usL;vGefaewJhppf&mZ0wfr_awG/ vlom;rsK d ;E G,fpkwckvk H;tay: t=urf;zufaer_awGud k ukvor*~upH kpr f ;a&;aumfr&Si fz G J Œpnf; +y D ; p H kpr f ;pp faq;zk d @ud kvnf; wu,fjzp fajrmufvmatmifqufvufvH_Œaqmfygr,f?

ppftkyfpkudk bufaygif;pHku tm;enf;atmifvkyfEdkifrS/ udk,fhbufu tiftm;aumif;rSyJ'd kif,mavmhqdkwm wu,fjzpfvm+yD; tJ'D 'd kif,mavmhrSm wef;wlnDrSsaqG;aEG;Ed kif =u+yD;wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxktwGuf trSefwu,ftusdK;&SdwJh&v'fawG xGufay:vmEdkifrSmyg? av;pm;pGmjzifh

atmif'if


81

vlcsrf;om}uD;rsm;


82

tar&duefvlrsdK; rpPwm,ufawmtr_ a=umifh etzppftkyfpkonf a':atmifqef;pk=unf udk 2010 a&G;aumufyGJwGif udk,fwdkifudk,fus yg0ifywfoufEdkifr_tajctaerS z,f&Sm;EdkifcJhonf// a&G;aumufyGJudk pdwfwdkif;us pDpOfEdkifcJhovdkrdrdwdk htEdkif&apcsifaom }uH hzGH hygwDudk tEdkif,lapcJhonf// aoewfwcsufrS razmufvdkuf&yJ ppftm%m&SifpepfrS ygvDref'Drdkua&pD pepfudk +idrf;+idrf;csrf;csrf;jzifh toGiful;ajymif;EdkifcJhonf// urBmay:wGif TuJhodk h aoG;xGufoH,dkr_tenf;qHk;jzifhppftm%m &SifpepfrS vltrsm;awmif;war#mfvifhaeaom jynfolvlxktkyfcsKyfa&; odk hr[kwf'Drdkua&pDpepfodk h ul;ajymif;Edkifaom EdkifiH[lI &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; jrefrmwpfEdkifiHwnf;om&Sdayvdrfhrnf//

xdkodk hajymif;vJEdkifcJhaomfvnf; urBmay:wGif EdkifiHa&;wGif tjiif;yGg;zG,f&mEdkifiHwpfcktjzpftb,f a=umifh qufvuf wnf&Sdaeygoenf;// taemufOa&my EdkifiHrsm;. pD;yGg;a&; ydwfqdk hta&;,lr_rsm;qufvuf wnf&Sdaejcif; / 2014 ckESpfwGif tmqD,H OuUX jzpfa&;twGuf tuef huGufcHae&jcif;ukvor*~. pdk;&drfp&mylyefp&mEdkifiHwckjzpfaejcif; rsm;onf tb,fa=umif hqufvufwnf&Sdaeygoenf;// xkd htjyif tpdk;& opfwufvm+yD;onfhaemufydkif; jynfwGif;ppfrD;rsm; wausmhjyefpaejcif; /e,fpyfa'orsm;wGif ppfajy; 'kuQonfrsm; tvHk;t&if;jzifh cdkvHka&muf&Sdvmjcif; ponfh jynfwGif;r+idrfroufr_rsm; tb,fha=umifh jzpfyGg;vm&oenf;//

xdkar;cGef;rsm;.aemufuG,fwGif euf&d_if;aom EdkifiHa&;jy\emw&yf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif &Sdaeonf[k qdk&rnfjzpfonf// xdkjy\emudk EdkifiHa&;enf;jzifh awG hqHkaqG;aEG;tajz&Sm&efrS wyg;wjcm;r&Sd[k ,Hk=unfaeolrsm;vnf;&Sdonf// awG hqHkaqG;aEG;a&;qdkonfrSm pdwful;,Ofoufoufomjzpfonf[k ,lqxm;olrsm;vnf;&Sdonf// wcsdK huvnf; xdyfwdkuf &ifqdkifoGm;a&;vrf;pOfjzifh omoGm;vdk=uonf// jynfya&muftcsdK haom awmfvSefa&;orm;/ pme,fZif;orm;rsm; uvnf; xdyfwdkuftm%mzDqefa&;vrf;jzifhoGmvdkonfh qENrsm;udk rD'D,mrsm;wGifr=umc%azmfjyaeonfudk awG@ae&onf//

jynfwGif;twdkuftcHrsm;taejzifh b,fvrf;odk hoGm;aeonfudk usaemfwdk h jrifawG hae&+yDjzpfonf//vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk,fwdkifu aoG;xGufoH,dkr_tenf;qHk;jzifhtajymif;tvJudk &,lvdka=umif;ajymqdk+yD;jzpfonf// pdwfcHpm;r_temw&rsm;usef&pfaprnfh tiftm;oHk; / vufeufoHk; tEdkif,ljcif;rsdK;jzifh trdjrefrmjynftem*wftwGuf 'Drdkua&pDpepf rxm;cJhvdkay/tm;vHk;yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;jzifh ausauseyfeyf vufcHEdkifonfh a&&SnfwnfwHhrnfh 'Drdkua&pDpepf onfom

rS h h hwyg;

25/ 7 / 2011 ae hjynfaxmifpk0ef}uD; OD;atmif=unfESifh vlxkacgif;aqmif awG hqHkyGJ//

rif;rif;odef;


83

tem*wftwGuf zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_udktmrcHEdkifrnfjzpfonf// wenf;tm;jzifhjynfwGif;ppfjzpfaeaom Ed kifiHwGiftb,fodk haom 'Drdkua&pDpepfjzifhEdkifiHwdk; wufatmif / vlrsdK;wdk;wufatmif vkyfaqmif Edkifrnfenf;//

a':atmifqef;pk=unf ESifh 0ef}uD;OD;atmif=unfwdk h. awG hqHkr_udk jynfwGif;/ jynfya0zef oltrsdK;rsdK;wdk h.toHrsm; trsdK;rsdK;=um;ae&jyefonf//2007 a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;jzpf+yD;etz ppftkyfpkvufxufwGif 9}udrf

wdkifwdkifawG hqHkcJhonf// ,ck tpdk;&opfzGJ h+yD; yxrqHk;t}udrfawG hqHk=u jcif;jzpfonf// e0rrS '\rodk@wufvSrf;vmjcif;yifjzpfonf// xdke0r t}udrftwGif;rSmyif tar&d uefvlrsdK; rpPwm,ufawmtr_jzifh a':atmifqef;pk=unf qufvuf xdrf;odrf;jcif;udkcHcJh&onf//xdke0r t}udrftwGif;rSmyif 2010a&G;aumufyGJudk 2008 zGJ hpnf;yHkt& vkyfoGm;jyefonf// ,ck jyefvnfawG hqHkaqG;aEG;aomtcgxifa=u;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh tqdk;taumif;ajym=urnfomjzpfonf//

usaemf avhvmrdoavmuf jynfya&muf twkduftcHtrsm;taejzifh trsm;qHk;ajymonfrSm “2014 tmqD,H wGif OuUX ae&m&&Sda&;” twGuf [efjyvkyfaqmifonf[kajzolu rsm;onf/,cif 9}udrfwkef;uvJ bmrSwdk;wufr_&SdrvmonfhtwGuf ,ckt}udrfudkvnf; oHo,jzifh apmifh=unfvdkolu rsm;onf// jynfwGif;twdkuftcHtrsm;pkuawmh “,ckawG hqHkr_rSonf tm;vHk;yg0ifaom awG hqHkaqG;aEG;tajz&Sma&;” jzpfvmzdk har#mfrSef;vdk=uonf// rdrdwdk h.oHo,udk a&S hwef;rwifwdkif;jynfaumif;pm;a&;twGuf tjyKoabmjzifh ar#mfvifhaeonfudkvnf; awG h&onf//

xdkodk hawG hqHk&mwGif ,cifjyKvkyfavhr&Sdonfh owif;axmufrsm;tm; ar;cGef; oHk;ck ar;jref;cGifhjyKjcif;ESifh yl;wGJoabmxm;xkwfjyefcsuf wdk hudk csufcsif;xkwfjyefjcif; ponfhwdk hyifjzpfonf//EdkifiHawmft}uHay;tzGJ hudk jynfyrD'D,mwcsdK hu ar;jref;&mwGif “,ckuJhodk hawG hqHkzdk hudk ,cifuwnf;u }udKwifjyif qifcJhonf[k” qdkonf// rnfodk hyifjzpfapumr_ xl;jcm;onf[k qdk&rnfomjzpfonf// vGefcJhonfhvujynfxJa&; 0ef}uD; Xme. 'DcsKyftay:xm; &Sdaom oabmxm;udkowif;pm rSaeI wdkif;od jynfod azmfjycJhjyD;jzpfonf// 'DcsKyfuvnf;w&m; Oya'qdk;rdk;r_udkvd kvm;onfESif htnD

tmZmenfae h 'DcsKyf&Hk;a&S hjrifuGif;


84

jynfxJa&;0ef}uD; OD;udkudk ESifh awG hqHkcGifhawmif;cJhonf// ,ckawG hqHk&olrSm OD;udkudkr[kwfaomOD;atmif=unf jzpfaeonf// jynfyrD'D,mrsm;wGif a&;om;csufrsm;t& ,cktpdk;&tzGJ hwGif orwOD;odef;pdef tkyfpk / 'korw OD;wifatmifjrifhOD;tkyfpk ponfjzifh uGJaea=umif;od&onf// OD;odef;pdeftkyfpku EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;udk v$wfay;+yD; awG hqHkaqG;aEG;a&;vrf;jzifh oGm;csifaomfvnf; /'korw OD;wifatmifjrifhOD;tkyfpku ,cif etz enf;twdkif; zdESdyft=uyfudkifenf;jzifhom oGm;vdkaea=umif; od&onf// odk haomfrnfonfhenf;jzifh oGm;vdkonfjzpfapumr_ tem*wf jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;wGifa':atmifqef;pk=unfrygbJ odk hr[kwf olrudk csefxm;+yD; oGm;vdk hr&a=umif;udk 25 &ufae h '\rt}udrfawG hqHkaqG;aEG;yGJu oufaocHae+yDjzpfonf//

'\rt}udrfaqG;aEG;yGJjzpfvmonfta=umif;&if;rSmvnf; trsm;jynfolvlxk. Edk;xvmonfh EdkifiHa&;pdwf"gwfa=umifhyifjzpfonf// a':atmifqef;pk=unf txdrf;todrf;cHae&pOfumvESifhvGwfajrmufaepOfumv tydkif;tjcm; 2ck udkEd_if;,SOf=unhfv#if jrefrmjynfolvlxktwGuf EdkifiHa&;a&csdefEdk;=um; wuf=uGr_ uGmjcm;aeonfudk awG h&rnfjzpfonf// “a':atmifqef;pk=unf vGwfajrmufvmjcif;[m aEGtcgajcmufaoGaewJh opfyifyef;rmefawG[m rdk;&Gmcsvdkufvdk h jyefvnfvef;qef;vmovdkrsdK;” jzpfw,fvdk h[Hom0wDOD;0if;wifu ajymcJhbl;onf//

olrvGwfajrmufonfhae h u jynfolvlxktrsm;pkrS tifeJ htm;eJ h 0rf;yrf;wom}udKqdk cJh=uyHk / vGwf+yD;aemufae h 'DcsKyf&Hk;a&S h vlxkodef;aomif;csDwufa&mufyHk pwmawG[m ,ckt&yfom;tpdk;&vdk hac:aewJh tpdk;&rif;rsm;taeESifh zifxdkifcHk v_yfaponfh tiftm;rsdK;yifjzpfonf// w&m;Oya't& rSwfyHkrwifjcif;a=umifh w&m;r0ifaom ygwD vdkyJqdkqdk / Oya'jyifytzGJ htpnf;vdk yJ owfrSwfowfrSwf jynfolvlxku 0ef;&Hxm;onfrSm trSefw&m;yifjzpfonf// jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;XmerSowday;pm xkwfjyefcJh+yD;onfhaemuf a':atmifqef;pk=unf jrefrmjynftv,fydkif; yk*Ha'oodk h oD;oef@c&D;xGufcJhonf// wcsdK hu olr. vGwfvyfcGifhudk prf;oyfjcif;jzpfonf[k qdkonf// rnfodk hyifqdkapa'ocHvlxk. av;pm;cspfcifr_udk rsm;pGm&&SdcJhonfh c&D;pOf[k qdkEdkifonf//

64 ESpfajrmuf tmZmenfae h tcrf;tem; usif;yyHk rSm ,cifESpfrsm;xufpmv#if xl;jcm;aejyefonf//,cif ygvDrmefacwf udk rrSDaomfjim;vnf; puf&Hkrsm;rS O=oqGJtav;jyKjcif; / jynfolvlxktrsm;tjym; csDwuftav;jyK=ujcif;rsm;udk vkyfcJh=uonf// 'DcsKyf&Hk;csKyfa&S hwGif vlxktiftm; axmif*%ef;txd&Sdae+yD; tzGJ hcsKyftzGJ h0ifrsm;ESifhtwl tmZmenfukef;odk h av;a,mufwuGJ csDwuf tav;jyKcJh=uonf// xdkodk h wp wp EdkifiHa&; a&csdefjrifhwufvmonfh tajctaeudk }uH hzGH htpdk;& owdxm;

anmifOD;wGif Todk h}udKqdkcJhyHk


85

rdonf//“ jynfolvlxk pdwfcsrf;omapjcif;tvdk hiSm” qdkonfh pum;udk 0ef}uD; OD;atmif=unf udk,fwdkif owif;axmufrsm;a&S hwGif awG hqHkyGJt+yD; zwf=um;cJhjcif;jzpfonf//

tmZmenfae ht+yD; wywft=umwGif jynfoltrsm;awmif;waeaom awG hqHkaqG;aEG;a&;udk yxrajcvSrf; taejzifh tpdk;&opfrS pwifvdkufonf// EdkifiHydkifowif;pmrsm;wGif rsufESmzHk;owif;tjzpfazmfjyxm;onf// avhvm=unhfoavmuf ,Hk=unfolenf;yg;+yD; oHo,jzifh apmifh=unhfvdk=uonf// awG hqHkr_aemufwGifwdk;wufr_ ajymif;vJr_ ESifh tcsdeftuefhtowfudk wdwdusus vdkcsif=uonf// 29 / 7 / 2011 aeh wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfrS jynfwGif;ppfESifhywfoufI olr twwfEdkifqHk;yl;aygif;yg0if aqmif&Gufvdka=umif;udk EdkifiHawmforw ESifh vufeufudkifwdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;xH tdwfzGifhay;pmwapmifay;ydk hcJhonf// vufeufudkifacgif;aqmifrsm; tm;vHk;rS 0rf;ompGmjzifhvufcH}udKqdka=umif; rD'D,mrsm;rS wqifh csufcsif;azmfxkwfajymqdkcJhonf//

olr. tdwfzGifhay;pmwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ hcsKyf qdkonfh toHk;tEH_;rygay // yk*~vdutaejzifh a&;aom;xm;aomoabmaqmifaeonf // tpdk;&opf}uD;taejzifh rnfodk h rnfyHk wkef@jyefrnfudk rod&ao;ay// ,cktcsdefxd “awrd”vkyfaeqJyifjzpfonf// orw t}uHay; a'gufwmaeZifvwfu awmh xkdtdwfzGifhay;pmudk }udKqdkvdkufonf// xdkpmonf 25 &ufae h 0ef}uD;OD;atmif=unfESifh awG hqHkr_ tajctae wdk;wufr_&Sd / r&Sd ukdvnf; prf;oyf&ma&mufaeonf// 'DcsKyftaejzifh r[kwfyJ a':atmifqef;pk=unf wpfOD;wnf;taejzifh a&;om;xm;aom oabmudk =unhfjcif;jzifh 25 &ufae@aqG;aEG;yGJwGif 'DcsKyfrSwfyHkrwifonfhudpPudk aqG;aEG;onfrSmxif&Sm;onf// ,cktdwfzGifhay;pmwGif'DcsKyfemrnfxnfhv#if tvkyfrjzpfrnfpdk;ojzifh a':atmifqef;pk=unfbufrS tvdrRmjzifh pma&;vdkuf[efwlonf//

'D&ufxJrSmyJ jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sif OuUX OD;wifat;rS 1990 a&G;aumuftEdkif& 'DcsKyfudk tm%mrv$JcJhwm[m ppfAdkvfcsKyfawGudk Ek&ifbwf ppfcHk&Hk;wifrSm pdk;&drf wJhtwGufjzpfa=umif; 0efcHajymqdkoGm;onf// 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ wGif }udKwifrJudpPESif h ywfowfIrw&m;vkyfaqmifr_udk ygwDtoD; oD;u 2 rdepfpD wifjy&mwGif “tawG ht}uHKenf;ao;vdk h”om[k ajzqdka=umif;od&onf// ,ck a':atmifqef;pk=unf. pmudk rnfodk hajzqdkrnfenf;//

a':atmifqef;pk=unf. pmESif hywfoufI tpdk;&opf}uD;bufrS wckckawmhwkef@jyef&ayrnf// “vdktyfonf// rvdktyfyg ”qdkwmavmuf ESif hyif &ygonf// “vdktyfonf”qdkygu awG hqHkaqG;aEG;a&; a&S htvm;tvm &Sdygonf// “rvdktyfyg” [k ta=umif;jyefvmygu awG hqHkaqG;aEG; a&; tvm;tvmenf;ygonf// vHk;0ta=umif; rjyefvmygv#if29 &ufae hu jrefrm - tdkref abmvHk;yGJ =unfhy&dwfowfudk ok0À abmvHk; tm;upm;twGif;rS vrf;ray:odk h wufvdkuf=u zdk@ tm;ay;v_H haqmf&Hk “rS wyg; tjcm; r&Sd ”awmhyga=umif; // / / rif;rif;odef;

rw&m;r_rSefor# qef husif=u//


86

“vlwa,muf&JŒwefzdk;[m ol jzwfoef;ausmfv$m;aewJhacwf}uD;u ol@ ycHk;ay: wifay;vdkufwJhordkif;wm0efudk ol b,favmuf o,fydk;xrf;aqmifcJhw,fqdkwJh tcsufeJ@ wdkif;wm&rSmyJ” [lIq&m Aef;armfwifatmifu wcgu qdkcJhzl;onf?

rSefayonf? ,ae@jrefrmpmayordkif;Y 0wˆKpmtkyfrsm;ae@pOfxGuf&Sdaeaomfvnf;ta=umif;t&mtm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ tawG;tac: tajrmftjriftm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ ta&;tom;tzG J @tEG J @tm;jzi f hvnf;aumif; / av;eufr _ / odr far G @r _ / ta&;tom;nH hzsi f ;r _ ponf htm;enf;aer_rsm;a=umifh t&Snfojzifh rwnfwHhEdkifbJ ckjrifckaysmufqdkovdk pmvnf;aysmufvlvnf;wdrfjrKyfoGm;cJ h =u&onf? odk@aomf rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;). 0wˆKrsm;onf ,ae@wdkif*EW0ifrSwfausmuftwifcHEdkifcJhonfrSm od*ôa&$&nfvdk t&nfrDatmif a&;zGJ@oDuHk;EdkifcJhaoma=umifh[kqdk&ayrnf?

ola&;cJhaom “aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;” onf +rdKŒaeynmwwf tvkyfvufrJhtdrfaxmifa&;udkvnf;aumif;/ “yGifhwcsKdŒa=uGwcsKdŒ” wGif +rdKŒawmfae ynmwwf trsKd;orD;uav;tcsKdŒ. b0udkvnf;aumif;/ “&GufvSyef;” wGif rdom;pktwGif;a&; jzpf&yfudkvnf;aumif;/“iyvDZmwfvrf;” wGif +rdKŒay: txufwef;v$mjzpf&yfudk vnf;aumif;/ “tcspfqdkaomt&m” wGif*Dwavmu aemufcHZmwfvrf;udkvnf;aumif;/ “b,folvmulyghr,f” wGif rv$Jra&SmifomojzifharSmifcdkvkyfief;vkyf&aomb0udk vnf;aumif;/ “rSwyg;tjcm;r&Sd+yD” wGif rdcifwOD;. rkqdk;rb0wGifom;orD;rsm;udk jyKpkysKd;axmifyHk/ om;orD;rsm;u rdciftay: wHk@jyefyHkESifh rdcifwOD;. teEWarwWmudkvnf;aumif; zGJ@qdkxm;ayonf?

xdk@a=umifhyif ola&;om;cJhaom “aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;” 0wˆKonf 1974

(ti f;vsm;) odkf@r[kwf

xm0& xGef;vif;awmufyaernfhuavmif&Si f

oef;0if;vdSkif

rdk;rdk;


87

ckESpftwGuf trsKd;om;pmay(0wˆK&Snf)qkudk &&SdcJhonf?qkay;yGJY rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) u“uGsefrwdk@taeeJ@ ae@pOf&ifqdkif awG@=uHKae&wJh vl@b0ta=umif;t&mav;awG[m

uGsefrwdk@ywf0ef;usifrSm tjrJ&Sdaeygw,f? 'Dta=umif;awG t&mav;awG[m uGsefrwdk@ tpGrf;&SdvSsif&Sdoavmuf a&;rukefEdkifatmif rsm;jym;vSygw,f? 'Dta=umif;t&mav;awGudk tajcwnf+yD; a&;cJhvdk@/uGsefrtaeeJ@ ckvdk jynfol&JŒ tm;ay;csD;jrSifhr_udk&&SdcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f? a&SŒudkvnf; qufvuf+yD;uGsefrwdk@&JŒvlr_0ef;usifu tjzpftysufuav;awGudk tajcwnf+yD; tpGrf;&SdorSs a&;zGJ@oGm;zdk@ uGsefrrSm&nf&G,fcsuf &Sdygw,f” [lI ajym=um;cJhavonf?

xdk&nf&Gufcsuftwdkif;yifvSsif rdk;rkd;onf ola&;om;aom 0wˆK&Snf/ 0wˆKwdkwdk@Yvlr_ywf0ef;usifta=umif;udk tpOfwpdkuf a&;om;cJhonf? ol. yxrqHk;0wˆK&Snfjzpfaom T“aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;” 0wˆK.trSmpmYyif -

“uGsefrwGif a&;p&m trsm;tjym; &Sdygonf? xdka&;p&mrsm;rSmvnf; uGsefr.Eke,fao;aom tawG@t=uHKt& zGJ@EGJ@aomZmwfvrf;ESifh r&ifhusufao;onfh tawG;tac:&nf&G,fcsufrsm;wGifom tusKH;0ifaeygvdrfhrnf? uGsefronf trsKd;orD;wa,mufjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm ,ae@acwfESif htnD oGm;vmv_yf&Sm;ae=uaom trsK d;orD;i,fwdk@. b0tcuftcJrsm;udkvnf; od&SdcHpm;ae&ygonf? pma&;rnf[laom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh uavmif udkifwdkif;tqdkygtawG@t=uHKwdk@yif tajccHonfh ta=umif;t&m tjzpftysufwdk@udk a&;om;cJh&ygonf?

pifppf Todk@yif jzpfxdkufonf[k uGsefr ,Hk=unfrdygonf? pm;0wfaea&;/ cufcJr_rsm;jzifhjyGrf;wD;aeonfh ywf0ef;usifwGif ae@pOfESifhtrSsqdkovdk usifvnfae&ol wOD;.uavmifrS*dk,me@Hoif;aom/ ydk;zJ uwWDygzHk;v$rf;aom/ cspfpdwfjynfhvSsHaom/ qGwfysHŒ vGrf;armzG,faomta=umif;t&m tjzpftysufwd k @ xGufay:rvmonfrSm obm0usyg vdrf hrnf” [lItrSma&;xm;onf?

“aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;” 0wˆK&Snfonf cspfcif=uifemr_/ apwem a0jzmr_wdk@udktajcjyKI tdrfaxmifwckudk wnfaqmufvSsif om,mcsrf;ajrhjcif;ESifh +yD;jynfhpHkrnf[k xifjrifarSsmfrSef;IvufxyfcJh=uaom cspfolESpfOD;rSm pD;yGm;a&;ESifh aea&; xdkifa&;/ aqGa&;rsKd;a&; paom vlrsKd;a&;jy\emrsm;a=umifh tqifrajyjzpf&yHkudk wifjyxm;onf? r*Fvm{nfhp&dwfudk owdk@om;uacs;iSm;ae&I {nh fc Hy G JwGif owdk@orD;crsm &ifarmae&yH k / r*FvmOD;nrSmyif b,ftdrftdyf&rSef;rodjzpf&yH ktp tdrfaxmif&Sifb0wGif rdef;uav;onf a,muQr/ a,mufrESif ha,mufsm;av;. arG;csif;rdbtodkif;t0dkif;Y pdwfnpf&yHkrsm;/ tdrfcGJae&ef }udK;yrf;aomtcgYvnf;tdrfpay:ay;a&;udpP/ &onfhvpmESifh rvHkavmufonhfudpP/ udk,f0efaqmifpOf cHpm;&aom'kuQ/uav;arG;zGm;vmaomtcg jyKpkapmifha&Smufrnfhol r&Sdojzifh tdrfaxmif&Sifb0Y ZeD;armifESHESpfOD;'kuQoHo&mxJ w0Jvnfvnfae&yHkwdk@udk ZmwftdrfzGJ@xm;onf?

ol. “aysufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;” udk qkay;aom trsKd;om;pmayqk pdppf a&G;cs,fa&;aumfrwD/ (0wK&Snfbmom&yftzGJ@i,f)u “T0wK&Snfonf aea&; xdkifa&;/ aqGa&; rsKd;a&;a=umifhtdrfaxmifa&; tqifrajyjzpf&aom vli,fZeD;armifESHESpfOD;. b0udk yDjyifatmif zGJ@qdkEdkifonf?b0tajctaet& csKdŒwJhI rjzpfrae &ifqdkif¶kef;uefrnf [laom tjyKoabmtm;enf;aomfvnf;e*dktajctaerSefudk o¶kyfay:atmif azmfjyEdkifpGrf;&Sdonf? ta&;tom; ajyjypfaumif;rGefI


88

qGJaqmifr_&Sdonf[k xifjrif,lq=uygonf” [lI rSwfcsufay;xm;onf?“aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;” 0wˆKqk&pOfu rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)onf vrf;pOfygwD

okawoeXmewGif okawoevufaxmuftjzpf tr_xrf;vsuf&Sdonf? 1977 ck Edk0ifbmvY oltm;jrefrmpmay okawoD *smreftrsKd;orD; a'gufwm tifeDrm&Dtuf&S,f (jrefrmtrnf a':ESif;qD)ESihf rdwfqufay;pOfu ydefydefoG,foG,fjzpfaomfvnf; aemufydkif;wGif 0+zdK;wkwfcdkifvmaom[efyefudkowdjyKrdonf? rdk;rdk;onf tom;ndKI rsufvHk; rsufzefaumif;onf? pum;ajymyHk at;aq;onf?,Ofaus;odrfarG@I at;at;aq;aq; aevdk[ef&Sdonf? *smreftrsKd;orD;ESifhrdwfqufpOfu olESifhtwlq&mr om,m0wD prf;prf;EGJ@vnf; vdkufygvmonf? *smreftrsKd;orD;}uD;u “ol@0wˆKrsm;onfacwf+y d Ki fvlr _a&;b0 (0g) rsufarSmufacwf omref jynfoltrsm;pk.b0ud k xif[yfa&;zGJ@EdkifonfhtwGuf acwf+ydKifb0o¶kyfazmf 0wˆKa&;q&mr” [k csD;usL;ajymqdkcJhonf?

rSefayonf? rdk;rdk;onf omref vlr_b0ywf0ef;usifudkpmemI olwdk@¶kef;uefyHk trsKd;rsKd;/olwdk@b0v_yf&Sm;jzwfoef;yH k tzHkzH k / olwdk@tvS toG,foG,fudk xJxJ0if0if avhvmumyuwdjzpfpOftwdkif; ¶dk;¶dk;uav; wifjyavh&Sdonf? xdk@a=umifhyif tjcm;0wˆKrsm;uJhodk@ tzGJ@tEGJ@tuGef@tnGef@ rygaomfvnf; wu,fjzpfysufaeonfhtvm; toufygvSayonf? vl@b0ESifheD;pyfIobm0usaejcif; jzpfonf?

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)onf olajymcsifaomta=umif;udk vG,fvG,fajym.? &Sif;&Sif; a&;.?pmzwfolwdk@em;vnfatmif vdk&if;tESpfcsKyf wifjywwf.? pifppf obm0tvSudk wifjy&efcHpm;wwf&.? cHpm;wwfaom “^mOf” rdk;rdk;wGif &Sd.? xdkodk@cHpm;&ef ta=umif;cHwdk@onf rdk;rdk;.ywf0ef;usifwGif&Sd.? cHpm;wwfzdk@twGuf =unfhwwfjrifwwf em;vnfwwf em,lwwfaomtod&S d&.? xdktodrsK d; rd k;rd k;wGif &S d.? vlwdk@ em;vnfEd kifaompum;jzif h ajyjypfatmifa&;om;xm;aom pmudk “pum;ajy” [k ac:ay&m/ rdk;rdk;onf ol@cHpm;csufwdk@udk pum;ajyjzifhpmzwfoltm; tqifhwifjya&;zG J @.? Todk@ jzif h rd k;rd k;.pmwdk@onf pmzwfy&dowf&ifud kpGJudkifv_yfcwfvmonf[k qdkcsifygonf?

xdka=umifhvnf; q&maZmf*sDu ......“av;pm;tyfaom pmrsKd;jzpfajrmufvma&;twGuf uavmifpGrf;&nfudk vnf;aumif;/

udk,fE_wfESvHk; tawG@t=uHKudkvnf;aumif; vdktyfonfrSm xif&Sm;onf? wzef xdkt*FgESpfyg;ESifhjynfhpHkEdkifp&mta=umif;&Sdonf? xdk@a=umifhomvSsif av;pm;tyfaom pmrsKd;jzpfajrmufvmatmifa&;aomtcg ^m%fxkwfI/ 0d&d,xkwfI a&;=u&rnfom jzpfonf” [k ol. “&opmaytzGifh”pmtkyfwGif rdef@qdkzl;.?

tEkynmqdkonfrSm q&maZmf*sDajymovdkyif bmta=umif;yJ a&;a&;/ udk,fwdkif jycsifaomta=umif;t&mudk y&dwfowfxHodk@ odrfarGŒEl;nHhpGm a&mufavav tEkynmajrmufavavjzpfonf?

pma&;q&monf oljrifaom ta=umif;udkwifjy&mwGif wdkuf¶dkufwifjyIvnf; a&;onf?oG,f0dkufIvnf; a&;onf? b,facsmufum nmvSrf;ovdkvnf; a&;onf? rdk;rdk;onf oG,f0kdufIa&;wwfoljzpfonf? tpDtpOfcsIvnf; a&;wwfoljzpfonf? rnfodk@yifa&;a&; ol@udk,fpm;jyKa&;om;cJhaom Zmwfaqmifrsm;tay:xm;&SdcJhonfh ol. apwem/ olwdk@udk,fpm; ajymjycsifaom&i fxJu ta=umi f ;t&m/ 0wˆ KxJu Zmwfaqmi fr sm;.b0ud k pmzwfolud k, fwd ki fcHpm;em;vnfapcsifonfh ol.apwemonf tjrJxm0& cdkifrmpGm wnf&SdaecJhonfhta=umif;udk 1988


89

ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvxkwf pmay *sme,fwGif “apwem rrSm;cJhyg” acgif;pOfjzifh rkd;rdk;u -“uGsefr. arhavsmhayg hqr_a=umif h uGsefr.pmawGxJrSm tcsuftvuftcsK d Œ

rSm;aumif;rSm;cJhrdonf jzpfaomfvnf; uGsefr. xdkapwem t&if;cH ta=umif;tcsufrsm;uawmhrrSm;cJhao;yg[k pdwfwGifoef@&Sif;pGm ,Hk=unfaeqJyif jzpfyg.” [lI a&;om;xm;avonf?

odk@uvdk jynfolbufrSm xm0pOf&yfwnfI jynfolwdk@. cHpm;r_ a0'emudk yDjyifpGma&;zGJ@Edkifr_a=umifh ol. vlr_ywf0ef;usif 0wˆKrsm;onf pmzwfy&dwfowfrsm; tm;ay; ESpfoufr_udk&,lEdkifcJhonf?

rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)onf &efukefwuUodkvf tif;vsm;aqmifwGif ynmoif=um;&if;aexdkifcJ hzl;aoma=umifh rk d k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)[laom uavmiftrnfudk ,ljcif;jzpfonf? ol.trnft&if;rSm a':pef;pef; jzpfonf? ol@udk yJcl;wdkif; 'dkufOD;+rdKŒe,fwGif tz OD;xGef;/ trd a': jr&Sifwdk@rS1944 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv 24 &uf t*Fgae@Y zGm;jrifcJhonf? rvdc. jrefrm0wˆKtnGef; (6) wGif1945 ckESpf =o*kwf 21 [k azmfjyxm;onf? 1965 ckESpfwGif &efukef 0dZ…m/ odyHwuUodkvfwGifynmoif&if; uAsm/ 0wˆKESifh aqmif;yg;rsm;udk pwif a&;om;cJhonf?

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) uavmiftrnfjzifh pIa&;onfrSm 1965 ckESpf rwfvxkwf wdkif;&if;ar*sme,fY “&GufvSyef;uav; udk,hfb0” uAsmjzpfonf? ol.yxrqHk; yHkESdyfcJhaom 0wKwdkrSm 1972ckESp f / pufwifbmvxkwf aiGwm&D r*~Zif;yg “tdrfeD;csif;” jzpf +y D; ruG,fvGefrDtxdaemufqHk;a&;om;azmjycJhaom 0wKrSm 1990 rwfvxkwf pHy,fjzL r*~Zif;yg “oduQm&SdwJh rkef@[if;cg;”jzpfygonf?

ol. yxrqHk;vHkcsif;0wˆK&SnfrSm 1974 ckESpftwGuf trsKd;om;pmayqk&&SdcJhonfh“aysmufaomvrf;rSm; prf;w0g;” jzpf+yD; aemufqHk;xkwfa0cJhonhf vHk;csif;0wˆK&SnfrSm 1987 ckESpf/{+yDvY xkwfa0onfh “cHwufEkav;awG nSdK;csdefwefawmh” pmtkyfjzpfonf?

olonf trsKd;om;pmayqkudk 1974 . 1980/ 1982/ 1986 ckESpfrsm;wGif 4 }udrf wdkifwdkifqGwfcl;EdkifcJhonf?

acwf+yd KifcHpm;r_ b0o¶kyfazmfud k zG J @qd kcJ honfh ol.tEkynm vuf&mrsm;rSmjynfwGif;omru jynfyEdkifiHrsm;jzpfaom &k&Sm;/ *syef/ t*Fvefwdk@txd pdrfh0ifxdk;azmuf EdkifcJhonf?

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) onf 0wˆKtrnfay;yHkrSmvnf; wrlxl;jcm;onf? ol@0wˆKrsm;teuf“oaAŠowWm ta0&ma[mEWK”(1978)/ “rSwpfyg; tjcm;r&Sd+yD” (1978)/ “a&$wd*Hkudk jrifvSsif”(1979)/ “+i dr f ;ud k& Sufyg”(1980)/ “*s K d ;” (1980)/ “ork' N&mc kE Sp fpi f ; jrp fri f ;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,f”(1980)/ “a=uGrvdkeJ@a0/a0rvdkeJ@a=uG”(1981)/“yef;¶dkif;w&m”(1981)/“nDrav;utcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;”(1981)/ “rok"rRpm&D”(1982)/ “emrusef;onf tdkESif;qD”ESpfwGJ(1983)/“ jre frm jynfr Sm ae=uonf”(1983) / “a=uG&i ftwla=uGr,f” (1983) /“rD;a&mifatmufudk0ifvSsif”(1985) wdk@rSm xif&Sm;onf?

rok"rRpm&D a&;pOfu oludk,fwdkif uwHk;&dwfI oDv&Sif0wfonf[k =um;&onf?a&;p&mta=umif;&yftwGuf obm0,kwWd&S dap&ef uGif;qif;avhvmjcif;wrsKd;yifjzpfonf?ola&;cJhaom “rSwpfyg; tjcm;r&Sd+yD” ESifh “rok"rpm&D” 0wˆKudk ¶dkuful;I “nDr av;utcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;” 0wˆKudk AD'D,dk ¶dkuful;cJhygonf?


90

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) onf 1989 ckESpf =o*kwfrSpI q&m}uD; r[maqG. orD; cifaqGOD;OD;pD;xkwfa0aom pHy,fjzL r*~Zif;wGif wm0efcH pmwnf;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJh&m uG,fvGefcsdeftxdjzpfonf? olonf uG,fvGefcsdeftxd pmayrsm;udk Z,fqufovdk a&;om;cJh&m 0wˆKwdkESifh r*~Zif;0wˆK&Snf pkpkaygif; 101 yk'f/ vHk;csif;0wˆK 24 tkyf/ 0wˆKwkdaygif;csKyf 5 tkyf aqmif;yg;aygif; 55yk'fce@f&Sdonf[k od&onf?

,if;wdk@ pmaywm0efudk ausyGefpGmxrf;&Guf&if;jzifh 1990 jynfhESpf rwfv 13 &ufae@wGif&efukef+rdKŒ Y uGefvGefoGm;cJhavonf? uGefvGefcsdefY cifyGef; OD;rsKd;nGef@ (pmayavmu)ESifh om;ESpfa,muforD;wa,muf usef&pfcJhonf? uGefvGefpOfu olonf touf 46 ESpfom &Sdao;onf?

ol. =uGif;usefaom&kyfuvyfudk =uHawmok\efY rwfv 17 &ufae@wGif *loGif;o+*õK[fcJhonf? ,cktcg =uHawmok\ef zsufvdkufojzifh ajrmufOuUmvmy+rdKŒe,f&Sd a&a0;ok\efYajymif;a&GŒ*loGif;xm;onf?

ol qHk;pOfu q&mr}uD; vlxka':trmu -“Asm'd'kuQqkdwJh aowGif;oGm;zdk@twGuf cHpm;&wJha&m*gawmh t=um}uD; rcHpm;&&Smaygh/

Edk@ayr,fh toufuav;rS 40 ausmf¶Hk&Sdao;wmrdk@ aer,fqdk&if taeEdkif}uD;aygh? ESajrmvdkufwmrdk;rdk;&,f? ajzrqnfEdkifatmifygyJ”

“rdk;rdk;psmyeu ol@pmudk cspfwJhy&dwfowfursm;avawmh 'kwd, atmifAvpsmye jzpfaerSmayghav? tEkynm t&nftaoG;u wufwkef;tcsdefrSm &Sifaorif;aemuf aumufaumufygvdkuf&Sm&wmuvm;”

“rdk;rdk;[m pma&;ouf 18 ESpftwGif; 0wˆKwdk 0wˆK&Snf aqmif;yg;awG trsm;}uD;a&;om;cJhw,f”

“trsKd;om;pmayqkudk av;}udrfwdkifwdkif qGwfcl;cJhw,f? ol@pmuav;awGudk tjrJwrf;apmifhzwfvm=uwJh pmzwfy&dwfowftzdk@ uavmifuav;u a&;ouf&vmwmeJ@ trSs &ifhusufvmw,f/ tdÁajEN&vmw,f? tjrifawG ydkaumif;vmw,f? wnfwnf+idrf+idrf rSefrSefuefuef wdk;wufvmw,fqdkwmudk owdxm;rd=uwm}uD;ygyJ/ 'ga=umifh uGsefr orD;}uD;eJ@rS &G,fwlavmuf &Sdao; wJhrdef;uav;udk “rdk;rdk;&,f ta=uGapmvdk@ tar ESajrmvSw,f ihgorD;[m wdk@acwfjrefrmpmay o&zleJ@pdefwyGifhyguG,f” vdk@ olqHk;onfhae@ ua&;rdwJh pmwkduav;xJrSm xnfha&;rdw,f?

rdk;rdk;a& acwfwacwfudk xif[yfjyaer,fh rif;pmuav;awG t"Gef@&Snfvdk@ wnfaerSmyguG,f?

ighorD;jzpfav&mb0rSm udk,fpdwfcsrf;ajrŒ+yD; owW0gawGtusKd;udk qwufxrf;ydk;o,fydk;Edkifygap?”[lI 1990 jynfhESpf arvxkwf pHy,fjzLr*~Zif;wGif rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) twGuftarhvufaqmif acgif;pOfjzifh a&;om;cJhavonf?

uAsmq&m}uD; armifpGrf;&nfuvnf; ......“taejrifhjrwf/ taojrwfonfhjrifhjrwfolrSm raoygwnfhpmayavmu jrefjynfvSwGifESrtrnf / armfuGef;wnfvdrfhoifonf rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)”

oef;0if;vdSkifZGef 27/ 2011


91

“a&$ r&S dwmu bmrS rjzpfbl;? qef r&S d&ifawmh 'kuQt}uD;tus,fa&mufrSm ²²² “a&$ r&S dwmu bmrS rjzpfbl;? qef r&S d&ifawmh 'kuQt}uD;tus,fa&mufrSm ²²² “a&$ r&S dwmu bmrS rjzpfbl;? qef r&S d&ifawmh 'kuQt}uD;tus,fa&mufrSm ²²² “a&$ r&S dwmu bmrS rjzpfbl;? qef r&S d&ifawmh 'kuQt}uD;tus,fa&mufrSm ²²² “a&$ r&S dwmu bmrS rjzpfbl;? qef r&S d&ifawmh 'kuQt}uD;tus,fa&mufrSm ²²²"txuftnm tif;awmf }uD;a'o rmefvnf+r d K Œuav;u vli,fwa,muf

*sme,fwdkufawGudk pH kprf;ar;jref;+yD; a&mufvmw,f? cspfp&m jrefrmh¶d k;&m "avhtwdkif;a&mufa&mufcsif; OD;csuefawmh+yD;rS ol@udk,fol rdwfqufw,f? aemufawmh ol@&ifxJrSmrsKdodyfxm;&wmawG rsm;vGef;vdk@ b,fvdkrS atmifhtD; raeEdkifawmhvdk@ vm+yD;&ifzGifhwmyg vdk@ewfoHraESmbJ yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymvdkufw,f? a&$&Sm ausmufwl; a&$&Sm ausmufwl; a&$&Sm ausmufwl; a&$&Sm ausmufwl; a&$&Sm ausmufwl;

aeraumif;vdk@ pmawmifra&;EdkifwJhtcsdef jzpfaeayr,fh ol@crsm 'Dvdk &ifzGifhzdk@ oufoufa0;vHacgifzsm;a'ou wyifwyef; vmcJ h&&SmwmjzpfwJ htwGuf oufomovdk ae&if;em;axmifay;cJhw,f? pum;ajym&ifom arm+yD; em;axmifwmu armrSrarmwm? ol ajymwmuolwkd@a'ow0dkufu v,form;awG v,frvkyfawmhbJ jrpf¶dk;wavSsmuf a&$&SmolawGu &Sm=u/arSmfawGxJoGm;+yD; ausmufwl;olawGu wl;=u jzpfaewJhtwGuf wcsdefcsdefrSm olrsm;EdkifiHu qefudk0,fpm;&wJhtjzpfrsKd; a&mufoGm;rSm pdk;&drfae&ygw,f wJh? “a&$r&Sdwmu bmrS rjzpfbl;? qefr&Sd&ifawmh 'kuQt}uD;tus,fa&mufrSm cifAs” rsufESmpdrf;awG rsufESmpdrf;awG rsufESmpdrf;awG rsufESmpdrf;awG rsufESmpdrf;awG

teD;tem;0ef;usif a'oawGuomru rEœav;vdkae&mu rsufESmpdrf;awGvnf; trsm;}uD;awG@jrif=u&w,fwJh? jcHapmifh&&if awmfyg+yD/ oGm;ae+yD; vkyfpm;=uyg? xGuforSs oD;ESHawG tukef,lygvdk@ajymwmawmif oGm;aecsifol r&SdwJh ae&mawGu jcHajrawGudk odef;&meJ@ axmifeJ@csDay;+yD; 0,fwmudkra&mif;csifol b,fol&SdyghrvJ? 'g obm0yJ? tjypfwifvdk@vnf; r&bl;? rae@uawmif oefvsifoDv0gqdyfurf;oGm;&m vrf;ab;0J,m&Sd v,fuGufawGudk t0,fvdkufaevdk@ w{uudk odef; 20avmufeJ@ a&mif;ae=uw,fqdkwJh owif;awG *sme,f wapmifrSm zwfvdkuf&ao;w,f? aZm}uD;vGef;vdk@ aZm}uD;vGef;vdk@ aZm}uD;vGef;vdk@ aZm}uD;vGef;vdk@ aZm}uD;vGef;vdk@

EdkifiHwnfaqmufpumvrSm puf¶Hk/ tvkyf¶HkawG wnfaqmuf=u/ +rdKŒ jyzGHŒ+zdK;awGvkyfaqmif=uqdkwm vkyf¶dk;vkyfpOf jzpf¶dk;jzpfpOfawGrdk@ 'Dowif;rsKd;awG[m odyfrqef;ygbl;? 'gayr,fhpnf;vGwf0g;vGwfawmh rjzpfapoifhbl;? 1950 OD;ydkif;umvu vGwfajrmufvmp w¶kwfjynfrSmwnfaqmufa&;aZmawG }uD;rm;vGefuJ+yD; aus;vufa'ou tdrfwdkif;tdrfwdkif;rSm oH&nfusdKzdkawG&Sd&r,f? oHwdkoHpawG pkaqmif;&SmazG+yD; oH&nfusKdvkyfief; vkyf&r,f? oHeJ@ oHr%drsm;rsm;

'Drdkua&pDeJ hrtyfpyfwJhvlwef;pm;

vlxkpdef0if;


92

xkwfvkyfEdkifrS jrefjref pufr_EdkifiH}uD; wnfaqmufEdkifr,fqdkwJh ‘r[mckefysHausmfv$m;’ (Great Leap

Forward) p Dr Hude f ; }uD ; csr Swfvky faqmifc J hwma=umif h uaomif ;ueif ; jzp fr _ }uD ;a=umufp&maumif;atmif ay:aygufcJhzl;w,f? oifcef;pm,loifh oifcef;pm,loifh oifcef;pm,loifh oifcef;pm,loifh oifcef;pm,loifh

awmu v,form;awG v,frpdkufEdkifawmh pyg;rxGufawmhbJ }uD;rm;wJh tiwfab;}uD;=uHKawG@cJh&vdk@ ay:vpD trSm;udk tjrefpGef@ypf+yD; v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;udk jyef+yD; OD;pm;ay;cJh=u&w,f?'Dtjzpfudk aumif;aumif; oifcef;pm ,loifhw,f? puf¶HkawG aqmufyg? +rdKŒ jyawG wnfaqmufyg?'gayr,fh pdkufysKd;aewJh v,f,mawG ae&mrSmawmh raqmufoifhbl;? jrefrmjynfrSm ajrvGwfajr¶dkif;awGtrsm;}uD; &Sdygw,f?

pufr_vkyfief;eJ@ tdkifwDvkyfief;u pdkufysK d;a&; vkyfief;xuf ydkta&;}uD;w,fvdk@r,lqoifhbl;? “a&$r&Sdwmu bmrS rjzpfbl;? qefr&Sd&ifawmh 'kuQ t}uD;tus,fa&mufrSm cifAs”qdkwJh rmefvnfu vli,fajymwJh pum;udk rsufuG,fjyKrxm;oifhbl;? ur ur ur ur ur BB BB BmrSm eHygwfwpfmrSm eHygwfwpfmrSm eHygwfwpfmrSm eHygwfwpfmrSm eHygwfwpf

jrefrmEdkifiH[m bkd;pOfabmifqufu pdkufysKd;a&;EdkifiH jzpfw,f? e,fcsJŒvufatmufusa&mufaepOf umvuawmif ur?mrSm qefwifydk@ a&mif;cswJh eHygwfwpfEdkifiH jzpfcJhw,f?ywf0ef;usif a'oEdkifiHawG tm;vHk;avmufeD;yg;[m t&G,ftpm; yrm%tm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiHxuf}uD;rm;us,f0ef;=uw,f? ajruGuf{&d,m trsm;}uD; &Sdw,f?

'gayr,fh a&ajrtaetxm;eJ@ &moDOwk tajctaeu jrefrmEdkifiHavmuf oym,jzpf+yD;rSswwm r&Sdwma=umifh b,fEdkifiHrS aumif;aumif; rpdkufysKd;Edkif=ubl;? pdkuf+yD;rdk;acgifvdk@ oa&m}uD;cdkif;wmeJ@ &dwfodrf;cgeD;rS jrpfa& acsmif;a&awG vSsHwufvmvdk@ &GmudkpGef@+yD; udk,fvGwf ¶kef;ajy;&wmeJ@tifrwef 'kuQ }uD;rm;&Sm=uw,f? tm;vHk;+ydKoGm;r,f tm;vHk;+ydKoGm;r,f tm;vHk;+ydKoGm;r,f tm;vHk;+ydKoGm;r,f tm;vHk;+ydKoGm;r,f

jrefrmEdkifiHrSmawmh tylvGefvdk@ tat;vGefvdk@ vlawG tajrmuftjrm; ao=u&wmrsKd;r&Sdovdk rdk;acgifvGef;vdk@/ a&}uD;vGef;vdk@ 'kuQa&muf&wmrsKd;vnf; }uD;}uD;rm;rm;/ rsm;rsm;pm;pm;r=uHKzl;ygbl;? em*pfuawmh jcGif;csufaygh? aemuf+yD;awmh pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;vdk@ ajymwJhtcgrSmawmifolv,form;eJ@ aumufpdkuforawGudkcsnf; jrifaevdk@ rjzpfbl;? pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;udk trSDjyK+yD;&yfwnfae=u&wJh vlOD;a&[m EdkifiHhvlOD;a&&JŒ 75 &mcdkifE_ef;avmuf &Sdygw,f? pdkufysKd;a&;,dkifeJ@oGm;&if&efukef bk&ifhaemifvdk ukefpnfaps;uGuf}uD; wckvHk; +ydKusoGm;rSmyg? wEdkifiHvHk;tES@H&SdaewJhqefpufawGeJ@ qufpyf vkyfief;awG/ avSorŠefeJ@ oabFmawG/ armfawmfum;awGvnf; vkyfp&mr&SdawmhbJ jzpfukef=urSmyg? r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfcsuf r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfcsuf r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfcsuf r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfcsuf r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfcsuf

tJ'ga=umifh rvGJraoG vkyfudkvkyf&r,fh pufr_wnfaqmufa&;rsm; vkyfwJhtcgrSmpepfwus pDrHudef;cs+yD;vkyfzdk@ txl;vdktyfw,f? 'ghtjyif rarhtyfwJh tcsufwcku 'Drdkua&pDpepfxlaxmif&mrSm wkdif;oljynfom; tm;vHk;&JŒ wufwuf=uG=uG yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_ r&S drjzpfvdktyfw,fqdkwm jzpfw,f? pdwfa&mudk,fyg tm;wufoa&m yg0if aqmif&Gufzdk@qdk&if wkdif;jynfudktkyfcsKyfaewJh tpdk;&[m olwkd@tm;vHk; twGuf rSefrSefuefuef vkyfaqmifaew,f? olwkd@ tusKd;pD;yGm;udktjrJwrf; umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;aew,fvdk@ oHo, uif;uif;eJ@ vHk;0 ,Hk=unf pdwfcsr_ &Sdaezdk@


93

vdktyfw,f? }udK;pm;qJumv }udK;pm;qJumv }udK;pm;qJumv }udK;pm;qJumv }udK;pm;qJumv

tpdk;&w&yf[m jynfoltrsm;udk vspfvsL¶_+yD; vlwpk wzGJ@twGufom vkyfaqmifaew,f?vlwpk wzGJ@ tusKd;pD;yGm;udkom umuG,fapmifha&Smufaew,fvdk@ xifjrif,lqae&ifawmh b,fawmhrSpdwfygvufyg wufwuf=uG=uG yg0ifvmrSm r[kwfwm aocsmw,f? 'Dae@ vuf&Sdtpdk;&opf[mjynfolvlxk&JŒ ,Hk=unfudk;pm;r_udk tjynfht0 &&Sdzdk@ }udK;pm;aeqJumv jzpfw,f? tpdk;&wm0ef&SdolawG wa,muf+yD;wa,muf xGufvm+yD; w&m;Oya'udk rSefrSefuefuef wnfhwnfhrwfrwfvdkufem taumiftxnf azmf=uzdk@ ajym=um;ae=uwm awG@&w,f? 'g tvGefta&;}uD;wJhtcsufjzpfw,f? w&m;Oya'[m jynfolawGudk tjrJwrf; umuG,f apmifha&Smufw,f? rsufESm ESpfzufr&Sdbl;? w&m;Oya'&JŒtxufrSm b,folrSr&Sdbl;vdk@ olwdk@ trSefwu,f ,Hk=unfvm&if b,fvdktpdk;&rsKd;rqdk olwdk@ axmufcH=urSm jzpfw,f? vrf;ab;aps;onf &Sif;wJhtcg vrf;ab;aps;onf &Sif;wJhtcg vrf;ab;aps;onf &Sif;wJhtcg vrf;ab;aps;onf &Sif;wJhtcg vrf;ab;aps;onf &Sif;wJhtcg

'Dvdk tajctaerSm tqifhtoD;oD;u wm0ef&S d 0efxrf;rsm;[m puf¶Hktvkyf¶H k(tpdk;&jzpfjzpf/ yk*~vdu jzpfjzpf) aqmufzdk@ v,f,majrrsm; odrf;,lwJhtcg/ vrf;azmufwHwm;aqmufzd k @ vlaetdrfajcrsm; odrf;,lwJ htcg/ ,kwfp GtqH k ; yvufazmif;ay:uvrf;ab;aps;onfawG &Sif;vif;wJhtcgjzpfjzpf Oya'[m ESpfrsKd; r&Sdbl;qdkwmudk jywfjywfom;om;jyzdk@vdkygvdrfhr,f? 'Drdkua&pD&JŒ tESpfom&[m EdkifiHom; wOD;csif;pD&JŒtusKd;pD;yGm;udk zGJ@pnf; tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'xJrSm xnfhoGif;a&;qGJ jyÏmef;ay;xm;jcif; jzpfw,f? rtyfpyfbl; rtyfpyfbl; rtyfpyfbl; rtyfpyfbl; rtyfpyfbl;

Oya'xJrSmygw,fqdk¶HkeJ@vnf; r+yD;ao;bl;? wu,fvufawG@ umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;zdk@vdkw,f? yvufazmif;ay:rSm aps;ra&mif;&bl;qdk&if b,folrSudk ra&mif;&wmrsKd; jzpfoifhw,f?'Drdkua&pDpepfatmufrSm jynfoljynfom;tm;vHk; wef;wlnDrSs tcGifhta&; &Sdw,f? tcGifhxl;cHvlwef;pm;qdkwm 'Drdkua&pDeJ@ enf;enf;av;rS rtyfpyfygbl;?

vlxkpdef0if; (http://www.news-eleven.com rS ul;,lazmfjyygw,f?)

vlxkpdef0if;ESifh a':atmifqef;pk=unfawG hqHkpOf//


94

rar#mfvifhyJ AdkvfrSL;pef;atmiffESifh pum;ajymcGifh&vdkufonf? 2011 rwfv 16 7uf/urBmhtaemufjcrf;ESifh ,dk;',m;Arme,fpyfteD; awmfvSefa&;a'owdk@ ESpfbufw,fvDzHk;ESifhajym=ujcif;jzpfonf? rdwf aqG udkatmifjrifhxGef;. qufoG,fay;rSKa=umifh ,ckuJhodk@ pum;ajymcGifh&jcif;jzpfonf? AdkvfrSL;pef;atmif u AdkvfrSL;apmvm;bG,f( AdkvfESlwfcrf;ar$; ) .awmfvSefa&;wyfzJG@rSjzpfonf// olESifhpum;ajymp w,fvDzkef;xJhwGif pum;vHk;awGu roJruGJ/ ryDro/ c%=umawmh ajym&if;yDo=unfvifoGm;onf? usaemfuyif pwifrdwfqufpum;ajym&onf? xdk@a=umifh ,ae@wdkufyJG0ifae=uonfh 'DaubDat awmfvSefa&; tiftm;pkudk av;pm;a=umif; tm;udk;tm;xm;a=umif; OD;!Gwf*k%f,la=umif; tzdESdyfcHtrsKd;om;vlxkzufu &yfwnfudk,fpm;jyKum &efolppftkyfpkudk wdkufcdkufawmfvSefaeonfhtwGuf 0rf;omrqHk;jzpfrda=umif; usaemfu tm;&yg;&ajymrdonf? AdkvfrSL;pef;atmifuvnf; usaemfxkwfa0aeonfh opPmawmfvSefa&;pmayr*~Zif;udkzwf&_&a=umif; w,fvDzkef;xJhrSm awG@qHkpum;ajymcGifh&wJhtwGuf 0rf;om;a=umif; wufwuf=uG=uGajymonf? aoewf vufeufxuf uavmifvufeufu tpGrf;xufa=umif;yg olu*k%f,ljyD;ajymonf?olae&mESif hol toD;oD;tpGrf;xu=fua=umif; wcgw&H tcsdefumvESif h tajctaeawGuawmfvSefa&;aoewfESifh awmfvSef aomuavmifwdk@udk tuef@towfjzifh tpGrf;xufapa=umif;usaemfjyefvnfaqG;aEG;jzpfonf? usaemfwdk@ESpfOD;tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;jzpfonfh ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk jyefvnfpm&if;wifonfhtcgjynfwGif;ppfwav#mufvHk; vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&; tiftm;pktcsif;csif; nD!Gwfa&; rwnfaqmufEdkifcJhyHkudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjzpfonf? &efolppftkyfpkudk ckcHawmfvSef&mwGif vufeufudkifwdkufyJGESifhvlxkwdkuf yJG aygif;pyfa&;rSm tiftm;enf;cJha=umif; raygif;pyfEdkifa=umif;ajymjzpfonf? tzdESdyfcHvlxkawGxJhrSm trsKd;om;toD;oD;. wef;wlnDr#cGifh/ udk,fh=urRmudk,fzefwD;cGifh/ udk,fydkifjyXgef;cGifhrsm;tygt0if 'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;twGuf 'Drdkua&pDckcHppfjzpfa=umif; usaemfxyfrHjznfhpGufaqG;aEG;onf? us,fjyef@onfhordkif;.awmif;qdkrSKudk AdkvfrSL;utxyfxyfaqG;aEG;aecJhonfrSm &ifudkcsrf;ajr@apavonf? usaemfwdk@u tzdESdufcHjynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;twGuf wdkufyJG0ifaewmjzpfw,f? u&ifvlrsKd;wrsKd;wnf;twGufr[kwfbl;? usaemfwdk@udk,fusdK;twGufvnf; r[kwfbl;? Armjynf tzdESdyfcHvlxkw&yfvHk;

awmfvSefa&; &Jabmfrsm;ESifhpum;ajymjcif;

xl;wifh


95

vGwfajrmufzdk@twGuf usaemfwdk@ toufay;wdkufaewmjzpfw,f? awmfvSefa&;aoewfoH/ ppftm%m&Sifpepfzsufodrf;a&;/ aoewfoH / tzdESdyfcHvlxkvGwfajrmufa&;twGuf vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;aoewfoHtwdkif;yif ol.&Sif;jywkef@jyefoHrSmvnf;=unfvif&Si fvif; um jrnf[def;yJ hwifxyfaeavonf? u&ifjynfe,fvGwfajrmufa&;/u&ifvlrsKd;vGwfajrmufa&;wckwnf; twGuf r[kwfawmh? ArmjynfawmfvSef;a&;rsm;u xl;jcm;rSKrsm;&SdcJhonf? vlrsKd;pkrsm;onf [email protected],f/e,fajr&&Sd a&;/ olwdk@vlrsKd;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf OD;wnfcJhonfursm;onf? xdktawG;tac:utvGef;trif;v$rf;rdk;cJhonf? ArmvlrsKd;pkwGif ArmvlrsKd;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf tjcm;vlrsKd;pkrsm;enf;wl awmfvSe fa&;tif tm;p koD ; jcm;r&& S dc J h ? vGe fc J honf hE Sp fav;q,f0e fusi fu0ef=uD;csKyfa[mif;OD;EkESifh tzJG@tpnf;awmcdkolykef jzpfaomtcg ppftkyfpkacgif;aqmifae0if;vufurf;vmrSmudkapmifh=uonf? v$wfawmfwGifukvm;xdkif 0if,l&efjzpfonf? ArmvlrsKd;pkvGwfajrmufa&; twGufr[kwf? ArmvlrsKd;=uD;0g'pGJudkifol azmufjyefonfh tkyfpk zdESdyfoludkawmfvSefwdkufcdkuf&mwGif wef;wlnDr#cGifhawmif;qdkaomfvnf; vlrsKd;pkrsm;.tawG;tac: pdwf"gwfwGifrdrdvlrsKd;pkvGwfajrmufa&; e,fajra'o&&Sda&;twGuf ArmvlrsKd;pkudk rkef;wD;a&;omv$rf; rdk;cJhonf? odk@aomfjrdK@jyvlxkwdkufyJGESifh ausmif;om;vSKyf&Sm;rSKaoG;pGef;wdkufyJGrsm;onfArmjynfppftm%m &Sifpepfzsufodrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDESifhjynfwGif;jidrf;csrf;a&; okd@OD;wnfcJhonf?tzdESdyfcHvlxktoD;oD;rvGwf ajrmufor# ArmjynfrvGwfajrmufEdkif? ArmjynfrvGwfajrmufor#vlrsKd;=uD;i,fvwf toD;oD;onfvnf; rvGwfajrmufEdkif[k ,Hk=unfrSKjzifh vSKyf&Sm;&kef;uefcJh=uonf? wcsKd@vlrsKd;pkrsm;rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudkyif ArmvlrsKd;=uD;0g'jzpfonf[ktvGJvGJtrSm;rSm; pGyfpGJcJ h=uonf? aemifwGifae0if;vufxufrSm ArmvlrsKd;=uD; ppftkyfpkESifh&ifqdkifawG@&awmhrS ordkif; ocFef;pmopfrsm;udk&&SdcJhawmhonf? ,ckrl ppftm%m&Sifpepfzsufodrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&; wef;wlnDr#a&;qdkonfhbHkoabmwlnD csuf bHkvkyfief;pOfcsrSwfum trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tiftm;jzifh bHk&efoludk0dkif;wdkufa&;qdkonfh ordkif;oif =um;csufudk qkyfudkifvmcJh=ujcif;jzpfonf? wcsKd@vnf;vGefcJhonfh ESpfig;q,fESpfav;q,futwdkif;u|J ajc&mcGuf tawG;tac:xJwGif zm;oli,fjzpfae=uqJ? xdkuJhodk@aomvlrsKd;rkef;wD;a&; usOf;ajrmif;aom rsufuef;rsKd;cspfpdwf"gwfudk w,loefvufcHxm;qJ ArmvlrsKd;=uD;0g'DppftkyfpkESifhwcsKd@aomvlrsKd;pkrsm;udk ordkif;uxm;&pfcJh+yD;jzpfonf? (2) 2011 rwfv 17 &ufae@rSmyJ ppftkyfpkvufatmufrS cJGxGufawmfvSefaom 'DaubDatrSAdkvfrSL;csKyfapmvm;bG,f (AdkvfE_wfcrf;ar$;) ESifh Adkvf&J@ tifwmeufazhpfbkwf pmrsufESmay:rSawG@qHkaqG;aEG;cef;rsm;udk xyfrHawG@&Sd&jyefonf? xyfIyif qGwfysH@yDwdjzifh tm;wuf&avonf? tzdESdyfcHvlxkawG tm;vHk;twGuf usaemfwdk@qufvufwdkufyJG0ifoGm;rSm jzpfw,f?tckvdk&efol udk awmfvSefwdkufcd kufaewm[m usaemfwdk@udk,fusK d;twGuf wckrSrygbl;?usaemfwdk@awGtoufay;+yD; wdkufyJG0ifaewJhtwGuf usaemfwdk@udk vlxkutm;ay;=uw,f?tm;udk;=uw,f? jynfwGif;u vlxkomru jynfya&mufvlxkawGuvnf; usaemfwdk@udktm;&0rf;ompGmESifh ulnD=uw,f? axmufyhH=uw,f? [dkwkef;u usaemfwdk@&JabmfawG zdeyfawG/ ppfzdeyfawG

pmrsufESm 97 odk@


96

,cktcgjrefrmjynfajrmufydkif;ucsifjynfe,fwGifwdkufyGJrsm;qufwdkufjzpfyGm;aejcif;udkawG²jrif&/=um;&/odae&onf? OD;odef;pdefonf,cifEdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csLyfESifh}uHhzGwfygwDacgif;aqmifjzpfpOfu ta&S²awmiftm&S tmqD,H (Association of South East Asian Nations) rSmucsifvGwfajrmufa&; tzGJ²( KIO) udkpHjytaeESifh&Sif;ypfrnf [k+cdrf;ajcmufcJhonf? ,cktcgorRwOD;odef;pdef jzpfvmonfhtcg vufawG²taumiftxnfaz:aeovm;[kyifxif&ygonf?

xdkpOfuOD;odef;pdefonf 4if;wdk².opPmcH yef0gtajcpdkuf e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzGJ² (,cifucsif'Drdkua&pDopfwyfrawmf (NDA-K) ESifhv0g,eftajcpdkufjynfol²ppf tzGJ²(,cif KIO cGJxGufAdkvfASL;}uD;vqefatmif0gtzGJ²)wdk²udkomqifhac: today;jcif;r[kwfbJ/ ucsifwpfrsdK;om;vkH;tm;+cdrf;ajcmufvdkufjcif;yifjzpfonf? TtcsufrSm ppftpdk;&acwftqufquf usifhokH;vmaomwdkif;&if;om;ajcr_ef;a&; ay:vpDudkxkwfaz:vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/

ucsifonfjrefrm.&efolr[kwfyga&S;ya0o%DrS,ae²xd ucsifwdk²onfrnfhol²&efolrSr[kwfyg/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH

vGwfvyfa&;r&cif/ yxrurBmppfESif h' kwd,urBmppfwd k²wGif ucsiftrs d K;om; rsm;onfr[mrdwfzufrS 101 av;0D;pfwyf(Lewis)ESifh tar&duef &def;*sm;pfwyf(American Rangers )

wyfom;rsm;tjzifhulnD wdkufcJhonf/ zufqpf*syefwdk²udk txufjrefrmjynfrS armif;xkwf&mwGift"du tcef;u¾rSyg0ifcJhonf/ vGwfvyfa&;awmif;qdkcJhpOfu Armacgif;aqmif AdkvfcsLyfatmifqef;ESifh twlucsiftrsdK;om;acgif;aqmif rsm;jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiHawmf}uD; (Union Of Burma)

ay:xGef;vma&;twGufyg0if}udK;yrf;cJhonf?jrefrmacgif;aqmif 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ek. ygvDreftpdk;&umvu u&ifawmfvSefa&;udk

wdkufcdkufajcr_ef;um EkdifiHawmfudku,fwifcJhonf/ jrefrmhwyfrawmfwGifvnf;/ucsif trsdK;om;rsm;(jyifOD;vGifppfwuUodkvfausmif;tkyftjzpf 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;}uD;t,fvfcGefaemif/ ucsifjynfe,fajrmufydkif;wdkif; ppfXmecsKyfwdkif;rSL;rsm;tjzpf wdkif;rSL;vbefv/ wdkif; rSL;t,fvfurfzef ponfjzifh)wdkif;jynfwm0ef udkausyGefatmifxrf;aqmifcJh=uonf/ odk²aomf jrefrmppftpdk;& tm%m&Sifrsm;u/ucsifrsm;udk&efoltjzpfa=ujimjcif;onf0rf; enf;zG,fjzpfonf?

,cktcg ucsifvlxkaomfvnf;4if;/ jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;aomfvnf;4if;/ ar#mfvifhaomyef;wdkifrSm/ vlrsdK;/ bmom/ qif;&J/ csrf;om/ tqifhtwef;cGJjcm;r_r&SdbJ/ wpfjynfaxmif om;rsm;tm;vkH;onf/ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpk}uD;udk vdkcsifawmifhwvdkcsifolrsm; omjzpfonf/tvm;wljynfwGif;rS vufeufudkiftzGJ²tpnf;/vufeuf rJhtzGJ²tpnf; tm;vkH;. ar#mfvifhcsufar#mfvifhcsufar#mfvifhcsufar#mfvifhcsufar#mfvifhcsufESif h yef;wd kifyef;wd kifyef;wd kifyef;wd kifyef;wd kif rSmvnf; wax&mwnf;jzpfonf? xdk²a=umif h(KIO) onf4if;'Drd kua&pDudkykHaz:aeolrsm;tm;vkH;ESifhrdwfaqGjzpf onf? qdkvdk&if;rSm ppftpdk;&.(KIO) tm;pHjy tjzpfacsr_ef;a&;rSm ppfrSefaomjynfaxmifpkvd kvm;ol vufeufudkif / vufeufrJ h / jynfwGif;/ jynfy/tzGJ²tpnf;tm;vkH; wdk²udk ygppfa=ujimvdkufjcif;jzpfonf?

t,fvfEl;&mpnf;vkH;jcif;onftiftm;pnf;vkH;jcif;onftiftm;pnf;vkH;jcif;onftiftm;pnf;vkH;jcif;onftiftm;pnf;vkH;jcif;onftiftm;


97

ppftpdk;&onf4if;wdk²rSwpfyg;usefvlwef;pm;tm;vkH;udkvlom;tjzpfrjrif,ae²wdkifppftpdk;&onf4if;wdk²rS wpfyg;usefvlwef;pm;rsm;tm;vkH;udk wefbdk;xm;jcif;

r&Sdyg/Ttcsufudk OD;odef;pdef.ajymqdkcsufu oufaojyaeonf/ 4if;wdk² udk,fwdkifrSmrif;rsdK;rif;EG,ftjzpfcH ,lxm;+yD;/ usefvlwef;pm;rsm;tm; u|efjyKcdkif;apjcif;/ aejynfawmftwGuftcGefcHapjcif;/4if;wdk²&mZoHemcHvdkufav#mufapjcif;/&Spfck d;udk; uG,fapjcif;uJhodk²/wd&dp>mefvdkqufqHonf?jrefrmppfacgif; aqmifrsm;onf usefvlwef;pm;rsm;tm;/ vl&dkif;/ wd&dp>mef/ todO%frJholrsm;/ vlydef;/vlEkH/ vlt/ vlay/ vlaw/rsm; jzpfatmif/ EdkifiH. EdkifiHa&;/vlr_a&;/ynma&;/ paomta&;aygif;rsm;pGmudk zdESdyfcsLyfcs,f uef²owfxm;cJhonf?

xdka=umifhppftpdk;&. 'Drdkua&pDonf uGJjym;aomwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tm; vlrsdK;okef;owfjzwfjcif;/(Heterogeneous Genocide) omjzpfonf?

ppftpdk;&.ajcmufvef² owfjzwfjcif;uwpfrsdK;/ acsmhjrL zifykwfacgif;ykwf ajrmufyifhajymqdkqufqHjcif;uwpfzkH/ aemufqkH;rsdK;jzKwfowfjzwfjcif;cH&rnfh b0wGif wdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm;qufvuftouf&Sifaexdkif=urnfavm/

ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ²(KIO)onf ucsifjynfe,fudk,fydkiftkyfcsLyfa&; wpfckwnf;twGufom OD;wnfaejcif;r[kwfyg/ ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;ESifhppfrSef aomjynfaxmifpktwGuf}udK;yrf;ae+yDjzpfonf? ucsifomru ,ae²jrefrmjynfwGif;&Sd rnfonfhwdkif;&if;om;rsm;rqdk(Nationality) qdkaomae&mwGif (Myanmar) jrefrm[k omjznfh=u&ygonf?

,ckcs defxdEd kifiHawmftm%mudkqkyfud kifxm;onfh ppftpd k;&acgif;aqmifrsm;.tm%m&Sifpepfudk wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; taejzifh ArmESifhwdkif;&if;om; t=um;cGJjcm;zdESdyfr_ atmufrS/vGwfvyfI ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pD ESifhppfrSefaomjynfaxmifpk}uD;qDodk² wdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm;vufwGJvsuf pnf;vkH;nDnGwfpGmjzifh ZGJrav#mhbJav#muf vrf;=uygpkd²?

t,fvfEl;&m (L.Noora )

udk,fpDr&S d =ubl;? tckppfzdeyf/ ppf,leDazmif;awG udk,fpDudk,fiS &&S dae=u+yD? vlxkawG&J@axmufcHtm;ay;rSK / apmifha&SmufaxmufyhHrSKa=umifh usaemfwdk@&JabmfawG[m 'Dvdktajctaea&mufvm+yD; aysmf&$iftm;wufae=uwmjzpfw,f? &efolu tustqHk;rsm;pGmESifh wyfzJG@pnf;yHkysufae=u+yD? usaemfwdk@u ArmjynfvGwfajrmufzdk@ tzdESdyfcHvlxktoD;oD; 'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifhvl@tcGifhta&; &&Sdzdk@ atmifyJG&wJhtxd wdkufyJG0ifoGm;r,f? ,ckusaemfwdk@[m autifef,lESifhvnf;yl;aygif;oGm;+yD; yl;aygif; wdkufyJG0ifae=u+yD? awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkacgif;aqmif. &Sifvif;ajym=um;csufudk em;axmif&SKjrif&olvGwfajrmuf a&;orm;wd ki f ; vlxktoD;oD;onf aoG;em;xifa&mufvmrSmjzpfonf?&ifckefoHonf&ifxJhwGif v_dufvSJ vd_if;xvmrSmjzpfonf? [email protected]&;wdkufyJGaoewfoH. t"dy`m,f EdkifiHa&;yef;wdkif. t"dy`m,frSmArmwusyf u&ifwusyf/ &Srf;wusyf/ rGef/ &cdkif/ ucsif/ csif;/ ytdk@/ yavmif wusyf&&Sda&;xufwef;wlnDr#a&;'Drdkua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&; ppftm%m&Sifpepfzsufodrf;a&; jzpfonf? Tonfyif v#ifckcHppfrS awmfvSefppf odk@ tem*gwftwGuf bHkoabmwlnDcsuf OD;wnfcsufESifh bHkvkyfief;pOfcsrSwfItpysKd;vdkufjcif;jzpfav onf?

rwf 19 / 2011

xl;wifh

pmrsufESm 95 rStquf


98

tzGm;twGuf rkef hjym;ovufarmifpdk;csdef

(1)

“tudka& c%em;=u&atmif/ cg;awG acgif;awGemvS+yD ylvS+yD t&rf;armw,ftudk&m”avwdkufouJhodk@ tvsift[kefjzifhoGm;aeaom rdk;OD;onfol@ajcvSrf;rsm;udk wkH@ueJ&yfvdkufonf?uefpGef;&Guftxrf;udk csum ol@ESrESif;at;xHodk@ uokwfu&wfjyefqkwfajy;&onf? tarSmifxJrSmprf;oGm;&if ESri,fESif;at;udk awG@&onf? ESif;at;xdkif aepOf ol@acgif;ay:rS av;vHvSaomuefpGef;&Gufawmif;}uD;udk r +yD; ajray:odk@csvdkufonf?

“tudku aemufa=umif;jyefvSnfhr=unfhbl;? tudk&m armvdkufwm toufxGufawmhr,f?cvkwfwkduf+yD; ypfvJaooGm; ygapvdk@awmif qkawmif;rdw,f t[kwfyJ?”

ESif;at;udk jymodkvwGif arG;ojzifh tzGm;u ESif;at;[k trnfay;xm;onf? ESif;at;.tudku rd k;OD;us e,kefvwGif arG;ojzif h rd k ;O D;[k trnfay;cJ honf? oH k;&ufqufwd kufcl;jzwfpkaqmif;xm;aom uefpGef;&Gufrsm;udk òrd@uav;odk@ tudkESifhESrESpfa,muf oGm;a&mif;ae=u?xdkodk@yif q,f&ufw}udrf/ q,fhig;&ufw}udrf uefpGef;&GufoGm;a&mif;ae=u?

&GmESifhwrkdifausmfa0;aom “tif;wGif;}uD; zsKdufawm” wGif xrif;iwfonfh v,fulvDrsm;vma&mufuefpGef;&Guf cl;jzwf =uonf? qefzdk;/ qm;zdk;/ iydzdk; twGuf rdk;OD;wdk@Srdom;pkuJhodk@yifajz&Sif;=u&onf? olwdk@armifESr onfae@tdrfrS xGufvmcJhyHkrSm ykHrSefoGm;aeus eHeufig;em&DxufapmyHk&onf? bkef;}uD;ausmif; wHk;armif;acgufoHvnf; r=um;&? ta&SŒrdk;aumif;uifydwfum;ay:wGifESif;qDeDtm±Hkudk rjrif&ao;?

oxHkpk&GmESifhòr@uav;rSm ig;rdkifeD;yg;a0;onf? um;vrf;r&Sd? wu,fu ò[email protected];cif;udktjrefa&mufvdkvSonf? uefpGef;&Gufpnf;rsm;udk jrefjrefa&mif;cs&wJh aiGeJ@qef0,frnf?tzGm;pm;csifvGef;vS awmihfwonfhrkef@jym;ovuf(rkef@jym;pvuf)udk 0,frnf? aemufESpf&ufwGifoDwif;u|wfawmhrnf? owif;u|wfwGif &Gmvnfbkef;}uD;ausmif;udk tzGm;uza&mif;wkdifxkwfuav;wxkwfvSLcsifonf? za&mif;wd ki fxkwf wxkwf0,frnf? xd koH k;c kud k0,frnf? tzGm;xHtjrefjyef&rnfqdkonfh pdwfqENu rdk;OD;udkaph aqmfarmif;ESifaecJhonf? xdkpdwfqENjyif;jyr_jzifheHeufav;em&DrwkdifrD tdyf,mrSEdk;vmcJhum tdrfrSxGufvmjzpfcJhonf?

vGefcJhonfh q,fhav;ig;&ufuwnf;u tdyf,mxJwGif tzGm;vJavsmif;aecJhonf?'Dwcg rusef;rmyHku xl;jcm;onf? wae@xufwae@ pum;rajymyJ EGrf;onfxuf EGrf;usvmcJhonf?tzGm;bmpm;rvJ? aps;ubm0,fvmcJh&rvJ? rdk;OD;u tzGm;udkteD; wdk;uyf+yD;ar;onf? “om;&,f pm;zdk@qefut"du? +yD;awmh v_difjrpfeJ@ òrd@eJ@um;vrf;azmufzdk@twGufrdom;pkwtdrfaxmifud k ppfwyftpk d;&u aiGoH k;axmifxJ hcd ki f;w,fr[kwfvm;? om;wkd@uefpGef;&Gufa&mif;vdk@&rJ haiGeJ@ vHkavmufyghrvm;uG,f æ yd kv#HrS tzGm;twGuf rkef@jym;ovufwckavmuf0,fyguG,f? +y D ;awmh oDwif;u|wf&i f bke f ; }uD;ausmi f ;ud kvSLz d k @za&mif;wkdiftxkwfao;wxkwf?”


99

tzGm;twGuf tm;wif;um uefpGef;&Gufweif hwyd k;xrf;vmcJ honf? tzGm;.pum;vHk;rsm;toHrsm;onf v_dif;xumem; xJwGif=um;ae&onf? cgwdkif;xuf ESpfqxrf;vmcJhonf?&&SdcJhonfh aiGa=u;onftzGm;twGuft"du? rkef@jym;ovuf av;ig;q,f ck0,fvmcJhr,f? +yD;awmhqef0,f&r,f? jzpfEkdif&if qDeJ@ykZGefiyd0,f&r,f? vrf;azmufzdk@tpdk;&udk ay;&rJhaiGudkacgif;xJuxkwfxm;w,f? udpPr&S d? ajrwl;&? vrf;ajrzd k @& txyfxyftcgcg u|efcHcJ h +y D; +yD? 'Dwcgtwif;t"rRaiGxnfhcdkif;&if/ ajrzdk@cdkif;&ifawG@=uao;wmaygh? zdk;axmifwdk@/ om0wdk@/ atmifaiGwdk@eJ@n‡dxm;+yD;om;? aus;&GmtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@eJ@ &ifqkdifajz&Sif;=ur,f? +idrfcHvdk@ rjzpfawmhbl;? +idrfcHavtcdkif;cH&wJh EGm;jzpfav? EGm;awGr[kwfbl;qdkwm jy&awmhr,f? awG@=uao;wmayghqdkonfhpdwf"gwfrmefóud;udk wif;xm;onf? tHusdwfvsuf?

xdktm;wif;r_wGef;tm;rsm;/ pdwfaZmrsm;u rdk;OD;udktvif;a&mifay;aeonf? xdktvif;a&mif ESifhyif rdk;raomuftm±k%fr usif;rD tarSmifxkxJ0,f vrf;=urf;ay:Y tav;csdefrsm; vSaom0efxkwf0efydk;udk tvsiftjref o,faqmifvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf?rdk;OD;wudk,fvHk;udk ac|;rdk;awGu&GmapGxm;cJhonf? ac|;pufac|oD;rsm;onf i,fxdyfutawmifhvdkuf xGufvmcJhav ovm;rod?ESif;at;onfvnf; ac|;oD;ac|;aygufrsm;jzifh wud,fvHk;epfaeonf? acgif;ck u&GufacGudkqGJqef@umrsufESmay:rS ac|;pufrsm;udk okwfvdkufonf? ESif;at;u toufq,fhav;ESpf? t[m&rjynfrpHkjzifh}u D ; jyi f ;vmcJ honf h tys K daygufuav;? r JI ajcmufuyfavonf? y de fy de foG,foG,f0kdif;pufawmufyaeaom rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;u ol@rsufESmay:wGif &$ef;&$ef;vJhIaeojzifh =unfhaysmf±_Œaysmf&S dvSonf? rsufvHk;rsufawmiftvSu ESif;at;rsufESmay:wGif rdk;xm;onf?

rdk;ODu rydefr0? tom;u ndKndK? t&yfjrifhjrifh? toufu q,fhckESpfESpfqdkaomfvnf;rdbESpfyg;pvHk;r&Sd/ tzGm;ESifh}uD;jyif; cJh&ojzifh touft&G,fydsKEkoavmuf/ pdwfu vl}uD;pdwf?vl}uD;tawG;? vli,fqdkaomfvnf; =urf;wrf;cufxa&mfaomb0udk jzwfoef;&if; &ifhusufapcJhonf?vli,fb0udk ajymif;vJypfaecJhonf? pmoifausmif;acgif;avmif;oHESifh b,fvdkrSrywfowfcJh?u|JcavmufoHESifh }uD;jyif;vmcJh&onfhuav;? zcifuqHk;yg;cJh+yD? rdcifu u&iftrsKd;om; apmrdk;ZufESifhaemuftdrfaxmifðyum u&ifjynfe,fxJ a&mufaeonf? tquftoG,fjywfoGm;cJhonfrSmq,fESpfausmfcJh+yD? aoovm;/ &SifvsufyJvm;? rdcifb,fae&m a&mufaeonfudkyif rodEkdifawmh?tzGm;&ifcGif/ tzGm;t&dyf/ tzGm;arwWm&ifaiG@udkv_H&if; }uD;jyif;vmcJh&onfharmifESr?

&GmxJwGif aqGrsKd;rsm;&Sd=uaomfvnf; b0toD;oD; vltoD;oD;onf reufpm npmyHkrSefpm;Edkifzdk@twGuf aovkarsmyg; ±kef;uefae=u&ojzifh wa,mufudk wa,muf ru,fwifEdkif=u?udk,fh’kuQESifhudk,f? ol@'kuQESifhol? taptyg;cH aus;u|efb0jcif;u vnf;wxyfwnf;? wyHkwnf;?b0ajy;vrf;ay:wGif rGJawaomcsKdifh0Srf;rsm;/ ajcmufurBm;rsm;/ =uyfwnf;cufcJaom awmifpOfawmifwef;rsm;udk ausmfv$m;jzwfoef;vmcJh=u&onfrSmvnf; wqifwnf;/ w&G,fwnf;? odk@ayrifh ta&;óuHoufvHkaumif;=upwrf;/ ta&;}uD;aoG;eD;=upwrf; qdkonfh b0wlwdk@. cH,lr_u ajy;v$m;±kef;uefae=u&aom b0rsm;udk qGJaphum aygif;pyfxm;cJh=u+yD;jzpfonf?

“oGm;=updk@ nDrav;a&/ tm±k%fwufvm+yD” rdk;OD;u Ed_;aqmfvdkufonfESifh nDrav;ESif;at;onf Edk;xvmcJhum toifhjyifygava&m?ESif;at;acgif;ay:odk@ av;yifpD;ydk; aomuefpGef;&Gufawmif;udk yifhwifay;+yD;onfESifh òrd@uav;qDodk@tarmqdk@vkrwwf c&D;ESif=u&awmhonf? rdk;OD;wdk@ armifESr. ajcvSrf;aw;oGm;udk rdk;OD;. ycHk;xuf

Luminary MagazineVolume 5,No.5 1 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 0

100

0g;wHydk;rS xGufay:vmonfh “u|dusuf æ u|dusufæ “ pnf;csufu yk'fjzwfay;aeavonf? vrf;.wcsKd@ae&mwGif &GmpGefwJtdrfuav;rsm;udk jzwfausmf&pOf 0g;wHydk;. u|dusuf toHonfw Jt dr ftwGi f ;r S v,form;u d k E d k ;x apayvdr f h rn f ?

(2)aps;ESdrfI 0,fwwfonfhuefpGef;'dkifodk@ ra&mif;csvdkawmh? tcsdefukefcH+yD; vufvDvnf;

ra&mif;vdkawmh? rdk;OD;wdk@ armifESr udk tzGm;u apmifhóudESifhrnf? tzGm;&JŒ eHeufpmtrDS tdrfjyefa&mufzdk@vdkonf? xdk@a=umifh ukefpdef;wef;vrf;ab;wGif vufvDra&mif; csvdkawmh? aemufawmh &efukefuDvDaps; ukefpdrf;onf a':xm;&Sifu olwdk@. uefpGef;pnf;rsm;udk odrf;usKH;0,f,lvkdufonf? rdk;OD;wdk@armifESrwGufcsufxm;onfh wefbdk;rSm aiG&Spf&m? a':xm;&Sifu aiGckESpf&mhig;q,fESifh wefbdk;jzwfum0,f,lcJhjcif;jzpfonf? vufxJodk@ aiGa&mufvmonfESif h wHyd k;ESif h jcif;udk vrf;ab;uGrf;,mqdkifwGifacwWtyfESHcJh+yD; qefa&mif;onfhaps;wef;odk@ tajy;tv$m;oGm;=uonf? qefESpfjynfaiGajcmuf&m? rdk;OD;.pdwfxJwGif av;yifaom 0efxkwf0efydk;onf avsmhusoGm;onf? acgif;wjcrf;ayghoGm;+yD? aps;.ta&SŒbufjcrf;wGif&Sdaom rkef@jym;ovufqdkifodk@ taomhESifonf? xdkpOfrSmyJ vrf;ay:wGif jy\emwufonf?

rdk;OD;wdk@armifESr tajytv$m;oGm;aepOf uef@vef@jzwfav#mufvmaom w±kwfrajcaxmufudk rdk;OD;u cvkwfwkdufrdonf? w±kwfr. ajcusif;0wfae&mwGif rdk;OD;. ajcaxmufrS"g;armufuJhodk@ c|efxufvefwufaeaom ajconf;"g;oGm;jzifh xkd;uavmfrd jcif;jzpfonf? aea&mifroef;aom w±kwfr. jzL0if;aom ajcaxmufrS aoG;pufrsm;pD;usvmonf? w±kwfru &efawG@avawmhonf?

“'Dawmom;awGu zdeyfr&Sdbl;? zdeyfrpD;wwfwJholawG/ odwfqdk;w,f? vludk cvkwfwdkufw,f? ol@ajcaxmufrSm "g;oGm; awGwwfxm;w,f? tawmf±dkif;wJhaumif”qlqJ}udrf;armif;onf?rdk;OD;u trSwfwrJhcvkwfwdkufrda=umif;/ w±kwfru bma=umifhwnfhwnfhvmwdk;&wmvJ? bma=umifhra&SmifwmvJ? zdeyfrpD;wmu i,fi,fxJu zdeyfrpD;cJhvdk@ zdeyfrpD;wwfawmha=umif;/ zdeyfrpD;wmtjypf&Sdovm;? &Sif;jyonf? 'DxufvJ ydkydkrdkrdkolrajymwwf? wu,fu uwWDyg zdeyfpD;/ a&$xD;aqmif;oltxufwef;v$mESifh zdeyfr&Sdaom rpD;aom atmufqHk;v$mwdk@. yËdyuQyifjzpfonf?w±kwfruatmf}uD;[pfus,f toHjymaemufaemufESifh &efawG@awmh ab;ywf0ef;usif vrf;oGm;vrf;vmrsm;uvSrf; =unfhai;=uonf? wcsKdŒu &yfvsufom;? wcsKdŒu+yHKvsuf? n‡dK;a&mfa[mif;EGrf;EGrf; t0wftxnfwdk@udk qifjref;xm;aom qif;&J aus;awmom;armifESrudk pmemoltcsKdŒu u±k%mouf=uonf?

“tudk&,f &Sufvkdufwm[,f? &ifawGyef;awGwkefaewmyJ? vlawGu 0dkif;=unfhae=uwm?rsufvHk;aygif;waxmifeJ@”ESif;at;tvGefyJ &Sufav+yD? rsufESmudk b,frSm oGm;zGufxm;&rvJ?vloGm;vlvm xlxyfwJh aps;vrf;rSmrS cvkwfwdkufrd avjcif; æ qdk+yD; woo wzGwzGajymaeawmhonf? vl}uD;[efyef zrf;xm;+yD;om; rdk;OD;u ol@ESrudk'g&Sufp&mr[kwfbl;? a=umufp&mvJr [kwfbl;? 'gawGudk *±krpdkufbl;[k wkef@jyefonf?

“vrf;ay:rSm cvkwfwdkufwwfw,f? OD;wJhvlu tEW&m,fudk=unfha&Smifaygh? igwdk@rSmuausmufwHk;awG/ xGefwHk;awG/ "g; pufx,fwHk;awG/ uZif;±dk;awGudk cvkwfwdkufoGm;ae&wm?

Luminary MagazineVolume 5,No.51 0 11 0 11 0 11 0 11 0 1

101

ikwfawGql;awG ykZGefuspfpmcJawGudk wkdufcdkufoGm;ae&wm? igwdk@ajc axmufawGu oHacsmif;awGvdkrma=umrae&if tvkyf=urf;awGudk vkyfEkdifrSmr[kwfbl;? xrif;iwf±HkyJ &Sdawmhr,f? nDrav;&JŒ”xkdodk@yif ESpfodrfhcJhavonf? csrf;omºuG,f0or# awmufyajyjypfaomqif,ifr_jzifh Ekzwfaomw±kyfrESifh pl;prf;aomrsuf vHk;rsm;udk aemufa=umbufwGif xm;&pfcJhum ESri,fESif;at;udkqGJac:vmcJhonf? vmnDrav; oGm;pdk@[kqdkum qGJac:vmcJhonf?

ESif;at;ycHk;xufwGif uef@vef@jzwfwifxm;aom acgif;ckykqdk;pkwfonf avxJwGifvGifhxGufoGm;&mrS ajrodk@ðywfusonf? uokwfu&wf ESif;at;ukef;aumuf&jyefonf? xdk@aemufukef;x+yD; uaomajrmyg; ajy;vkduf&jyefonf? tudkqJGac:&modk@ vdkufvm&if; &SufIrqHk;awmh? ( 3 )

rkef@jym;ovufqdkifodk@ a&mufvmpOf tzGm;twGuf rkef@jym;ovufoHk;ckrSmvdkufonf?tzGm;twGufjzpfI taotcsm xkwfay;zdk@ygxyfajymonf? tkwfeH&H/ wHwdkif;}uD;. wzufwGifrkef@jym;ovufqdkifuav;u &Sdaeonf? tkwfeH&H. tjcm;wzufwGif emrnf}uD; w±kwfudwfrkef@qdkifESifhpdefa&$ywWjrm; &wemta&mif;qkdifpwdk;? xdkqdkifESpfqdkifu cef@xnfvSpGm[def;aeonf? a0qmcef@xnfvSyr_u rD;cdk;=uyfcdk;a&mif rkef@jym;ovufqdkifuav;udk v$rf;&pftkyfrdk;xm;onf? urBmESpfckjzpfay:aeonf? avxkxJwGif vGifhysH ygvmaom urBmwzufjcrf;rS toHAvHrsm;udkyg wqufxJ=um;ae&onf?rdk;OD;wdk@ armifESr yifyrf;cJhor# qmavmifvGef;vSpGm rkef@jym;ovufudk w0 weifhpm;vdkvSaomfvnf; tuef@towfjzif h pm;ae=u&onf? b,fESpfckpDpm;&rvJ? wa,mufudkrkef@ESpfcsyfpDavmufyJpm;&rnf? rkef@jym;ovufpm;&if;u pdwfem;xJodk@ toH v_dif;rsm; a0h0Jum0ifvmonf? “at;awG@r,f? puFmylu jyefa&mufawmhrSvmcJ hr,f? aemufq,f&ufrSm puFmylrSm&Sdaer,f? tzGm;udk aq;oGm;ukrvdk@? bma&m*g&SdovJqdkwm oGm;+yD;prf;oyfzdk@ygyJ? tzGm;utaumif;pm;rkef@awG/ udwfawG/ ,dkawG udkrpm;csifbl;? rpm;bl;av? rkef@jym;ovufyJpm;w,f?tJ'grSwu,fha&m*g? a&m*grawG@awmhvJ taysmfc&D;xGufwmyJaygh OD;pdefn$ef@&,f? [kwfvm;? rdom;pktaysmfc&D;xGufxmayghAsm? av,mOfysHvufrSwf0,fcJh+yD;+yD? wJcdkzdk@ a[mfw,ftcef;awmif w,fvDzHk;eJ@iSm;xm;cJh+yD;+yD? uJ æ OD;pdefn$ef@a& puFmylu jyefrSaps;pum;ajymr,f? cifAsm; +cHajruGufudk b,fol@udkrSra&mif;ygeJ@? usyfodef;waxmifvdk@yJ owfrSwfxm;yg? tJ'g om;ti,fqHk;twGufyJav?” urBmwck. wbufjcrf;rS toHrsm;udk twkdif;om;=um;ae&avonf? rsufESmjcif;qkdifpum;ajymaejcif;vm;? [dkbuf'Dbuf w,fvDzkef;ESifh atmf[pfajymaejcif;yJvm;? 'Dvdkajym&wmt&omawG@ykH&onf? rawmufyaom armifESronf acgif;wdk@udkiH k@um rkef@jym;ovufudktnd‡K;jzifhpm;ae=uonf? bm&,frod? odrfi,fonf[k cHpm;&aom tysKdaygufrESif;at;onfqdk@Iidkcsifaeonf? &Suf&GHŒ jcif;rsm;u &ifudkydkI qdk@apcJhavovm;rod? 'ga=umifh òrd@ay:rvmcsifwm?òrd@&JŒajray: ajcrcscsifwm[k pdwfxJu &Gwf qdkaeavonf?

rkef@jym;ovufwckudk q,fhig;usyf? (vGefcJhonfh ESpfESpfq,fuwusyf? ESpfoHk;q,fuESpfq,fhig;jym;?) tzGm;twGuf oHk;csyf? olwdk@armifESrav;csyftwGuf aiGw&mhig;usyfay;+yD;aemufvufusefaiGtenf;i,fjzifh qD0,fzdk@óud;pm;onf? ZdrfcHypPnf;jzpf aeonfh pm;tkef;qDudk r0,fEdkifawmh?tdrfrS ,lvmcJhonfh qDykvif;udk jyef,lvmcJh&onf? ig;iydESifh i±kwfoD; tenf;i,f0,fvmcJh onf?


102

( 4 ) òrd@v,fwdkufwmrsm;/ aps;rsm;udk ausmfvGefvmcJ honf? òrd@jyifodk@ a&mufaomtcgw[l;[l;wdkufcwfaeaom taemuf awmifavu olwdk@udk tm;yg;w& qD;óudE_wfqufae=uonf?rdk;urukefao;? rD;cdk;&ifhwdrfwkdufrsm;onf olwdk@udk OD;acgif;ay:wGif t[kefjzifh vGifhyg;ajrmygaeonf?avudkqefwufae&ojzifh ESif;at;. acgif;rSqHr#ifrsm; &pfywfðcHxm;aom vHkcsnfpwdk@rSm wzsyfzsyfvGifhaeavonf? rdk;OD;u eufzeftwGuf tdyfrufrsm;udk jrifruf&if; cyfoGufoGufav#mufaeonf? ESif;at;ua=umcdkif;vmcJhonfh aps;xJodk@ jyefa&mufaeum odrfi,fvSonfh&Sufpdwfudk wEHk@EHk@xdawG@cHpm;ae&onf? wb0xJ wc&D;xJrSmyJ ESrESifhtudk. tawG; tdyfrufwdk@onf rwlonfvnf;&Sdonf?wlonfvnf;&Sdonf? òrdŒuav;rStjyef tjyefvrf;ay:wGif olwdk@ESpfOD;wlnDonfhtawG;rSm tzGm;udkpuFmy lwGi f aq;oGm;ukrnf? a&m*g& Smaz Grnfqd konf h olwd k @twGufxl ;qef ;onf hta=umif ;t&myif jzp fonf? =uyfc d k ;a&mi f oef;aeonf h r ke f @ jym;ovufwJuav;.tkwfwHwkdif;wzufjcrf; udwfrkef@wdkufqDrS ajymqdkaecJh=uonfh udpPxJwGif ajrta&mif;t0,fvJygonf? tdrfjcHajrwuGufudk odef;waxmifwefonf qdkonfhypfrSwfwGif olwdk@. tawG;r#m;ESpfpif;utwloGm;IpkdufaecJhonf? puFmylrSm r[kwfbl;? òrd@awmf&efukefrSmvJr[kwfbl;? a[m'D igwdk@awmòrd@uav;rSm tzGm;udk aq;ukvdk@&&if b,favmuf aumif;vdkufrvJ? xdktawG;onfvnf; oDóud;wckxJwGif òydifwloDuHk;rdvsufom; jzpfae=ujyefonf?

wdrfwdkufawGvGifharsm rdk;aumif;uifatmufwGif pdrf;jr pyg;cif;}uD;rSmrdk;aumif;uifESifhxdpyfonfhae&mtxd war#mfwac: =unfhIrqHk;awmh? taemufawmifavu cyf=urf;=urf;wkdufcwfpOf a&v_dif;xum ,drf;v_yfjrL;uaeaom pyg;cif;}uD;udk=unfhum rdk;OD;arm[kdufaeavonf?a&SŒvwefaqmifrkef;wGif pyg;yifwdk@ &ifwGif;wGif aiGEdk@&nfwdk@oaE<wnfum pyg;awGzHk;=ua&mhrnf?aemufawmh pyg;ESHawGjynfhodwfum ajrodk@idkufpif;=uayawmhrnf? a&$wajy; jrwajy;/ a&$w&pf jrw&pfpyg;cif;}uD;onf a&$a&$a&mifawmufy ,Sufoef;&mrS ±dk;jywfv,fuGif;tjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;ayvdrfhrnf?

avudk qefwufaeaom rdk;OD;tm; tawG;rsm;u ±dkufykwfv_yfcwfaecJhonf? pyg;awGrSnfh0if;vm&ifaum/ &dwfodrf;+yD;&if aum igwdk@u qefwjynfaiGwaxmifausmf ESpfaxmifeJ@0,fpm;ae&tHk;rSmyJvm;? OD;jr'ifxHwGif wrdk;wGif;v,fxGefcJhonfh vkyftm;c pyg;ig;q,fxJupyg;ay;aiGacs;,lpm;cJ honfrSm pyg;q,fwif;yJ usefawmhw,fr[kwfvm;? pyg;cif;awGpdkufysKd;xGef,ufcJhwJh v,fulvDeJ@ v,form;awG[m pyg;pdkuf&if;xrif;iwf&ovm;[m? bma=umifhbmjzpfvdk@ iwf&rSmvJ? xdkar;cGef;u ol@&ifudk odrfhwkefatmif qGJcgypfvdkufonf?

wokefokefwkdufcwfaeonfh &moDavxJwGif pyg;cif;}uD;u v_dif;tdxum w&SJ&SJwoJoJatmfjrnfaeonf? rdk;OD;udk avSmif ajymifaeovm;? w&dyf&dyfav#mufvSrf;aeaom rdk;OD;wdk@ESpfa,mufudk pyg;v,fuGif;}uD;u vSrf;ai;armh=unfhum idk±_dufoH woJoJESifh idkyGJqifaecJhavovm;?

ta0;rS=unfhv#if rdk@armufr_dif;ndKŒaom &Gmuav;onf ajcvSrf;wdkif;wGif eD;IeD;IvmcJhJ+yD?&Gmudk0ifaomtcg tzGm;eHeuf pmpm;csdefjzpfaeI v_dufvSJ0rf;om &SdaecJh=uonf? &GmxdyfrSr0ifvdkawmh?&Gmvnfvrf;twk di f; tcs de fukefc HI rav#mufvd kawmh? &Gm. aemufausmbufrSaeIoufu,frkd;x&Hum tzGm;tdrfuav;xHodk@ ESpfa,mufom; jzwf0ifvdkuf=uonf?

“tzGm;a& ætzGm; æ rdESif;wdk@jyefvm+yD”


103

tdrf. wHpuf+rdwfudk 0ifonfESifh toHudktkyfI rdESif;u wpmpmatmfac:onf? tzGm;uESif;at;udk cspfpEdk;jzifh rdESif;[k ac:chJonfrSm =umcJh+yDyJ? rdESif;u rkef@jym;ovuftxkwfudk ,lumtzGm;tdyf,mxJodk@ 0ifvmcJhonf? rdk;OD;u rdESif;aemufu xyfcsyfruGm òyH;I &,fI vdkufygvmcJhonf?ESpfa,mufom; òydifwlxkdifcsum tdyfaysmfaeaom tzGm;udkE_d;onf? wu,fu woufwmvkH; rEdk;aomtdyfjcif;jzifh tzGm;tdyfaysmfaecJh+yDyJ? a&cJwH k ;uJ hod k @ at;pufcJawmif haeaom tawG@tm&H krsm;u olwd k @ud k,f olwd k @wkefv_yfapcJhonf? 'DrSmav tzGm;&,f/ tzGm;pm;csifwJh rkef@jym;ovufav tzGm;&J@ a[m'DrSmza&mif;wk difxkwf/ tzGm;x=unfhtH k;av? x+yD; pm;ygtH k;vm; tzGm;&,f”

rdESif;onf awmifhcJat;pufaeaom tzGm;. ajctpHkay:odk@ arSmufcsvdkufonf? rdk;OD;qdk@aecJhavonf? [kwfrS[kwfyghrvm;? xdwfvef@tHh=ojcif;ESifhtwl =uufao aoaeonf?touf&SL&yfoGm;onf? +yD;rS rdk;OD;wcsufvGwf [pfwifvdkufonf? tdrfuav;. aqG;aom0g;x&Hrsm;uGmusrwwf wkefcgoGm;onftxd? qdk@eifha=uuGJvSpGm idkcsvdkufonf?

“tzGm; / a[m'Dr Sm tzGm;twGuf r ke f @ jym;ovufav”armifpdk;csdefarmifpdk;csdefarmifpdk;csdefarmifpdk;csdefarmifpdk;csdef

rdk;&Gmv#if tdkrefESifh yGJwGif jrefrm tvm;tvm aumif;onf[k pifumyledkifiHom;abmvHk;enf;jy qDAm*sDuu oHk;oyfcJhonf? ,ae@,SOfjydKifaom abmvHk;yGJwGif ok0% uGif;twGif;tvGefxl;qef;aom rdk;rsm; jzpfonfh ausmufcJrdk;/ zdeyfrdk;/ a&Al;rdk;/ t&ufykvif;rdk;rsm; &GmoGef;cJhjyD;yGJysufoGm;onf[k owif;&&Sdonf? odk@aomf tqdkyg xl;qef;aom rdk;rSm tdkrefu jrefrmtoif;bufodk@eSpf*dk; oGif;jyD;rSom &GmoGef;aom rdk;jzpfojzifh qDAm*sD a[mudef;xkwfcJhaom tajz rxGufay: edkifcJhay?

“yGJpuwnf;u tJ'D xl;qef;wJh rdk; &Gm&rSmAs? 'grS udk,fhbufudk wpf*dk;rS toGif;rcH&cifyGJysufoGm;rSm? &vm'fu 0-0 eJ@ yGJysufrSm qdkawmh t&H_;ay;cH&w,f qdk&ifawmif oa&vdk@ajymvdk@&ygw,f? tckawmh rdk;&Gmwm aemufusvdk@ jrefrmawG eSpf*dk; toGif;cH&wm jzpfygw,f”[kqmAm*sDu ajymonf? “b,fvdkyJ jzpfjzpf/ u|efawmf judkwif a[mudef;xkwfcJhovdk zdeyfrdk;/ cJrdk;/a&oef@Al;/ ykvif; rdk;awGa=umifh tdkreftoif; 'kuQ vSvSawG@oGm;wmuawmh trSefygyJ” [k qmAm*sDuqufajymjyD; ol@a[mudef; rSefuefa=umif; oufaojyoGm;cJhonf?

Zlvd kif 12/ 2011Zlvdkif 12/ 2011Zlvdkif 12/ 2011Zlvdkif 12/ 2011Zlvdkif 12/ 2011

jrefrm-tkdrefabmvHk;yGJwGifxl;qef;aomrdk;rsm;&GmoGef;


104

“csdKwmav;awG a¶G;pm;vdk@ &ygw,farmif”ukrkj'm&J@ apm'uwufoHu u|efawmfhxJuef@vef@jzwf 0ifvmcJhw,f? “Armjynfu ppfAdkvfawGu aygif;&oif;&wm rcufygbl;/ olwdk@udkem;vnfrJh vludk ¶Smae=uwm”quf+yD;ajymvmwJh ukrkj'm&J@ pum;vHk;awG u|efawmfh em;xJoH&nfylrsm;vdk vdrfh+yD; pD;0ifvmcJhw,f? u|efawmf[m ukrj'm&J@ rsufESmEkEkav;udk aphaph=unfh&if;“rif;u csdKwmav;awG a¶G;pm; r,fqdkawmh cg;wmav;awGu b,fol@twGufvJ/ tquftoG,fr¶SdwJholawG/ qif;&JrGJawaewJh vl awGtwGufvm;”vdk@ ar;vdkufawmh @@@@@@ “a}omf 'guawmh armif&,f uHw&m;twdkif;aygh/ tm;vHk;twGufawmh pOf;pm;+yD; vkyfraeEdkifbl;armif? udk,frvkyfvJ olrsm;awG vkyf=urSm/ vkyfvJvkyfae=u+yD armif”[k rsufv$mcs&if; wdk;v#pGmwHk@jyefvmcJhw,f? ajym&ufvdkufwm ukrkj'm/ t+rJ olrsm;ta&; OD;pm;ay; pOf;pm;wwfwJh ukrkj'mqDu rar#mfvifhbJ wpfudk,faumif; pum;awG =um;vdkuf&awmh wkefv_yfjcif; }uD;pGmeJ@ ukrkj'mudkrjrif zl;wJh vlwpfa,mufvdk rSifwufai;pdkuf =unfhaerdcJhw,f?

tvif;tdrf 5 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf 0tvif;tdrf 5 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf 0tvif;tdrf 5 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf 0tvif;tdrf 5 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf 0tvif;tdrf 5 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf 0w¬Kw¬Kw¬Kw¬Kw¬Kwdk jydKifyGJwdk jydKifyGJwdk jydKifyGJwdk jydKifyGJwdk jydKifyGJ

0wKtrnf rdk;cg;a&jzef;rS vef;rSmvm;ukrkj'mtrnf&if; oef;0if;uavmiftrnf rif;aumif;cspf (pifumyl)

emwm&Snf aomuawGeJ h

EGrf;e,fae&SmwJh Armjynfu rdcifawG 0rf;ajrmuf-uzdk h

cspfol wdkif; yef;aumufEdkifapzdk h

va&mifatmufrSmyJ rif;yGifhvdkufyg

avmuudk tvSqifvdkufygawmh h h hukrkj'm&,f


105

rif;ajymwJh uHw&m;twdkif;aygh qdkwJh pum;xJu uHw&m;qkdwm rif;wdk@igwdk@vdk wm0efrJhol awG&J@ wpfbdk@xJ=unfh+yD; usL;vGefcJh=uwJh tvkyfoHk;yg;uHawG r[kwfygvm; ukrkj'm? wu,fawmhu|efawmfeJ@ ukrkj'm[m ausmif;om;b0uwnf;u &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrSm twlwuf&if; pdwfwludk,fwlrdk@ cspfolb0udk a&mufcJh=uolawGyg? tJ'Dwkef;u ukrkj'mu *sDa[m taqmifol/ u|efawmfu attaqmif ausmif;om;/ar*smcsif;uvnf; twlrdk@ twlpmoif/ twloGm; twlpm;/ twef;tm;&if OD;cspfqdkif 'grSr[kwfaEGat;qdkifrSmxdkiftat;aomuf&if; udk,hf0ef;usifrSm }uHKawGae&wJh b0tarmawG aysmuf¶SukefwJhtdrfrufawG ta=umif; wckwfw& ajymjzpf=uw,f? tck ukrkj'm[m t&ifwkef;u ukrkj'meJ@ vHk;vHk;jcm;em;oGm;+yD? wcsdK@&ufawGrSm twef;apm+yD;vdk@ aerapmif;cif xrif;pm;zdk@ apmao;&if/ tif;pdefvrf;r}uD;ab; RITausmif;eJ@ c0J+cHtpyfu a¶$pifEG,fqdkwJh vufzuf&nfqdkifav;rSm xdkifjzpf=uw,f? oef@jyef@+yD; vl¶Sif;wJh tJ'Dqdkifav;rSm xdkifaecdkuf/ wcgw&H vrf;r}uD;ay:rSm Edkif;wl;Edkif; um;euf}uD;awGvHk+cHK a&;,mOfwef;awGeJ@ a0gueJ a0gueJ jzwfoGm;w,fqdk&if “olwdk@awG[m wm0efrauswJh tcGifhxl;cH awGaygh armif”vdk@ ukrkj'm qdkwwf+rJ? “tpdk;&u tpdk;&wm0ef/ EdkifiHom;u EdkifiHom;wm0efudk,fpD ,lwwf=u/ ausyGefEdkif=ur,f qdk&if/ ukrkj'mwdk@ wdkif;jynf 'Dvdk 'kuQyifv,fa0aep&m ta=umif;r¶Sdbl; armif”vdk@vnf; ajymwwfao;w,f? tJ'Dwkef;u u|efawmf[m ukrkj'meJ@ cspfoljzpfcGifh&wmudkyJ *k%f ,l&if; =unfEl;cJh&olyg? rSwfrdao;vm; ukrkj'm @@@ tJ'Dwkef;u wm0efodr_/ wm0ef,lwwfr_eJ@ ywfoufvdk@ udk,fzwfzl;wJh ykHjyifwpfyk'fudk ajymjycJhwmudk @@@? ¶Gmv,frSm pOfhtdk;}uD;cs+yD; wpftdrfudk xef;&nf wjrLtdk;qDxnfh/tm;vHk; aysmfyg;aomufpm; uckef=uzdk@ vkyfwJhtpDtpOfrSm ¶Gmom;wdkif;u udk,fpDwm0efr,lbJ/tcGifh xl;cHcsif=uvdk@ jrLtdk;xJrSm a&awGyJ ,lvm=uawmh pOfhtdk;}uD;xJrSm a&awGeJ@ jynfhoGm;wJhta=umif;ajymjyawmh wcpfcpf&,f&if; “¶Gmom;awGuvnf;aemf xef&nfwpfjrL rsm; bmaps;}uD;wmvdkufvdk@ ukrkj'muawmh xef;&nfbJ ,lvmrSmyg armif”vdk@ ajymcJhwm ckxd udk,fhem;xJrSm=um;a,mifqJyg ukrkj'm&,f? tJ'DyHkjyifav;xJu ¶Gmom;awGeJ@ udk,fwdk@ Armjynfom;awG[m twlwlyJ r[kwfvm;?vlwdkif;tcGifhxl;cHcsif=u/ csdKwmav;awG a¶G;pm;csif=uawmh rdk;cg;a& aomuf=uwmyJJ r[kwfvm;?vwfwavmudk,fhrdom;pk ajyvnfa&;twGuf vHk;yef;aewJh iawawGyJ rsm;aewmrdk@ ordkif;bD;}uD;aemufjyefvnf &if; 'Drdkua&pD t¶k%frusif;Edkifwm r[kwfvm;? wenf;ajym&&if ppftm%m¶Sif,EW&m;}uD; tm;aumif;armif;oef vnfywfckefarmif;Edkifzdk@ qDxdk;ol xdk;/ *D,mcsdK;ol csdK;vkyfae=uwm csdKwmav;awG a¶G;pm;csifolawGbJ r[kwfvm; ukrkj'm? “tJ'DxJrSm rodvdk@ rdkufwJholawGxufpm&if/ trSm;eJ@trSefudkvnf; cGJjcm;odwJhacwfynmwwfyk*~dKvfawG ododeJ@rdkuf+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifpepfudk xrf;ydk; 0dkif;&Hae=uolawGu tjypfydk}uD;w,f armif/ 'Dvdkvl rsdK;awGudk ukrkj'm ydk¶GHw,f ydkrkef;w,f”vdk@rif;bJ ajymcJhw,fav? trSwf&rdao;w,f ukrkj'm? wwd,ESpf ausmif;zGifhawmh ¶Sm;yg;wJh yHkqGJtaxmufuljyKu&d,m av;udk/ ausmif;awmifzufxdyf OD;ay:OD;acgif;vdk@ ac:=uwJh rk'fOD;c|ef}uD;em;u pma&;u&d,mqdkifrSm a&mif;ay;cJhw,fav? udk,fwdk@ESpfa,mufvHk; tajy;tv$m; aeyl}uD; atmufoGm;+yD;


106

wef;pDae=uwkef; ausmif; om;wpfa,mufu wef;rpDyJ =um;jzwfwdk;cJhvdk@ ukrkj'mu uwfuwfvefatmif &efawG@+yD; armif;xkwfypfawmh tm;vHk; 0dkif;vufckyfwD;=uw,f av? rw&m;r_qdk&if acgif;ikH@rcHwwfwJhpdwf/ trSefw&m;udk &J&J&ifqdkifwwfwJh pdwf/tacsmiform;awG tcGifhxl;cHcsifolawGudk jywfjywfom;om; qef@usifwwfwJh pdwfawG[m rif;&J@0dao\awG bJr[kwfvm; ukrk j'm? 'DvdkeJ@ udk,fwdk@ESpfa,mufvHk; ausmif;+yD;/ pufr_tif*sifeD,mbGJ@&+yDqdkawmh tvkyf¶SmcJh=uw,fav?

0efxrf;a¶G;cs,f avhusifha&;tzGJ@rSm a&;ajzawG 0ifajz/ ajzwdkif;vnf; atmifyg&ufeJ@aemufqHk; vlawG@E_wfajz tifwmAsL;wdkif;rSm ratmifcJh=uwm taumif}uD;}uD; t+rD;¶Snf¶SnftkyfcsKyfolawGeJ@ tcsdwftquf r¶Sdvdk@qdkwm xif¶Sm;aecJhawmh “v#mrSm jrufayguf&if wl¶Gif;eJ@xdk;aumfypfr,f/ 'Dqefukefajr av; tcGifhxl;cHqDudkawmh 'l;oGm;raxmufEdkifbl; armif”vdk@a'g}uD;arm}uD; ukrkj'm&J@ ajym[efav;udkoabmus&if; ydkvdk@av;pm;jrwfEdk;&wm udk,fyg? wu,fawmh udk,fwdk@ESpfa,mufvHk; cspfolb0uae ydk+yD;euf¶_dif;wJh b0c&D;azmftjzpf vufwGJzdk@ qHk;jzwfcJh=uwmuvnf; todwl/ tjrifwl/ aoG;ul; cHpm;Edkifjcif;wlvdk@bJ r[kwfvm; ukrkj'm?tJ 'Daemuf&efukefrSm wpfESpfavmuf &&mtvkyfvkyf/ b0wufvrf;¶Sm&if; udk,fhwkdif;jynf&J@tajcaerSef udk ¶Sif;¶Sif;vif;vif; odvmcJh&w,f r[kwfvm;? “tpdk;& jyefwrf;0ift&m¶Sd jzpf&ifawmif orRmtmZD0 rjzpfEdkifawmhwm/ wdkif;jynfb¾m cdk;0SufzJh,lrS xrif;0rJh olcdk;b0udkawmhta&muf rcHEdkifbl; armif” vdk@ rif;ajymcJhwJh pum;awG[m zdkusifxdk;xm;wJh oHyljym;eJ@ xdk;uyfvdkufovdk udk,fhESvHk;om;tay: trm¶Gwfyrm pGJxif&pfcJhwmyg ukrkj'm? aemufqHk;awmh udk,fwdk@ESpfOD;vHk; ¶dk;om;pGm }uD;ygG;csrf;omvdkpdwf/ orRmtmZD0eJ@ b0udkwdk;wufvdkpdwf awGeJ@bJ ypPE W&pft&yf jzpfrSef;rod jzpfoGm;wJh trdajrudk &ifememeJ@ pGef@cGgcJh=u/ a&=unf&mjrufEk&m wdkif;wpfyg;udk xGufcJh=uwm r[kwfvm;? wenf;tm;jzifhqdk&if udk,fvGwf¶kef;jy;=uwmygvdk@pGwfpGJvmcJh&ifvJ jiif;p&mta=umif; r¶Sdygbl; ukrkj'm? “vl,kwfrmeJ@ vltE<awG tkyfcsKyfaewJh 'Dvl@tzGJ@tpnf;rSm ¶dk;om;olawG/ vlaumifolaumif;awGtwGuf aep&mr¶Sdbl; armif/ olrsm;wdkif;jynfrSmae&if tEdSrfcH&EdkifayrJh udk,fhtpGrf;tp ¶Sdoavmuf}uD;ygG;EdkifwJh b0rdk@ ydkcHkrifw,f armif/ olrsm;rsuf&nf }uD;i,fusrS xrif;pm;&rJhb0/ vlvlcsif;*wHk; ay:xdyfuGuf+yD;rS csrf;omrJh b0udkawmh ukrkj'm r,lcsifbl; armif”vdk@ q,fpkESpf wpfckausmfwkef;u rif;ajymcJhwJh pum;awG[m tdrfrufxJrSm =um;cJh&wmr[kwfbl; ukrkj'm? ac|;eJ@aoG;eJ@ &if;+yD; b0udk tjypfuif;uif;eJ@ tajcusatmif wnfaqmuf+yD;umrS bmha=umifhrsm; aAGazmufcsif&wmvJ ukrkj'm? wdrf!Gef@cl;pm;aeygv#ufeJ@ bmjzpfvdk@ rpifykyfudk vufvSrf;csif&wmvJ? rdk;cg;a&jzef;rS vef;rSmvm; ukrkj'm&,f @@@ ? ¶dk;om;jcif; va&mifatmufrSm opPmavajyerf;wdkif; tqef;jym;qHk; yGifhwwfwJh *k%fj'yfawG ydkifqdkifae&ufeJ@ &mZ0ifr¶dkif;ygapeJ@vm; ukrkj'm?emwm¶Snf aomuawGeJ@ EGrf;e,fae¶SmwJh Armjynfu rdcifawG 0rf;ajrmuf=uzdk@/cspfol wdkif;yef;aumufEdkifapzdk@ va&mifatmufrSmyJ rif;yGifhvdkufyg/ avmuudk tvSqifvdkufygawmh @@@@@@ukrkj'm&,f @@@ ? ?

rif;aumif;cspf(pifumyl) rwfv 7&uf/ 2011?


107

rdk;awGuwpdrfhpdrf heJ@ ¶GmaewJhtcsdefawGudk a&wGufrdawmh (6)&ufwdwd¶Sdae+yD?&yfoGm;wJhtcsdefr¶Sdvdk@ rdk;¶GmxJrSmbJ oGm;vmv_yf¶_m; a&mif;jrJ0,fjrJ vkyfae=uwJh &yfuGufxJuvlawGudk=unfh&if; usaemf xD;av;zGifh+yD; ZeD;onfvufurf;ay;wJh xrif;bl;av;eJ@ tvkyfxGufcJhayrJh/tvkyfxJa&muf&if tvkyfr¶SdrSm }udrf;aoodae+yD;+yD? 'gayrJh ¶Sdvdk¶Sdjim;qdkwJh ar#mfvifhcsufeJ@oGm;cJh&jyef+yDav? rae@uwnf;u 'Dae@tajctaeudk od+yD;om;/ olaÏ;udk,fwdkifuyif toHxGuf+yD;+iD;aeonfhtcsdefrdk@ usawmftygt0iftvkyform;ig;a,muf 'Dae@twGuf tdrfp&dwf odyfrvG,f?

vGefcJhwJhESpf&ufubJ ajymcJhao;onf?‘rif;wdk@wpfawG wywfavmuf tdrfrSmem;&if;apmifhae=uOD;/ igaejynfawmfbuf c%oGm;p&m¶Sdw,f’wJh? q&majymawmh vG,fw,fav/ usawmhtajctaeu wpfywfem;vdk@ b,fenf;ESifhrS rjzpfEdkif? rdom;pk av;a,mufpm;zdk@ ae@wdkif;tvkyf¶SdaerSawmf¶HkbJjzpfaeao;/ &wJhaiGu 3500/ um;cu toGm;tjyef 300/aq;vdyf0,f&if 200/ pkpkaygif;rS3000bJusefonf? qefwpfjynf 1000ray;&if tqifrajy/ om;om;ausmif;rkefzdk; 300ray;&ifrkef@0,fvdk@ravmuf? tcsdKr_ef@/ qD/ i¶kyf=uufoGef/ [if;csufp&m0,fzdk@ usaemfhZeD; b,fvdkpDrHonfusaemfrar;&J? oludk,fwdkif usef;rma&;raumif;&if; pufcsKyfae&onf? csufcsdefjyKwfcsdef c%z,frdk;vif;u rdk;csKyftdyf&m0ifwJhxd pufay:urqif; vkyf&+yD;/ 800&zdk@renf;? tJ'gudkbJaus;Zl;wifae&onf?

tvif;tdrf 5 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf 0tvif;tdrf 5 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf 0tvif;tdrf 5 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf 0tvif;tdrf 5 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf 0tvif;tdrf 5 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf 0w¬Kw¬Kw¬Kw¬Kw¬Kwdk jydKifyGJwdk jydKifyGJwdk jydKifyGJwdk jydKifyGJwdk jydKifyGJ

0wKtrnf olwdk hwawGudkajymvdkufyg h h htrnf&if; aZmfvGifOD;uavmiftrnf Zifa,mf (rav;&Sm;)

aejynfawmfrSm &SdaewJh owW0gawGaejynfawmfrSm &SdaewJh owW0gawGaejynfawmfrSm &SdaewJh owW0gawGaejynfawmfrSm &SdaewJh owW0gawGaejynfawmfrSm &SdaewJh owW0gawG

usef;rmcsrf;om-uygap h h husef;rmcsrf;om-uygap h h husef;rmcsrf;om-uygap h h husef;rmcsrf;om-uygap h h husef;rmcsrf;om-uygap h h h


108

ol@0ifaiGav;u vifr,m;ESpfa,muf/ om;om;eJ@usaemf ararwdk@twGuf nreufaumfzDrpfbdk;av; &aevdk@av? ZeD;onfu &yfuGufaq;cef;udk aeraumif;vdk@oGm;wdkif; a'gufwmu "gwfrSef¶dkufcdkif;onf? tqkwfxJrSm a&0if+yD; temjzpfrSmpdk;vdk@[kajymcJhonf? usaemfvnf; }udK;pm;onf/ (5)vavmuf jzpfoGm;wJhtxd "gwfrSef¶d kufjzpfwJ hqDudk ra&muftm;/ vufxJrSmydkufqHwpfaomif;jynfhatmif b,fawmhrSrydkcJh? ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;eJ@ tvdkpm&if;bJjyaeawmh/tdrfuZeD;onf a&m*gvnf;c% aysmufoGm;w,f xifwmbJ/ ckxdawmh oufomaeav&J@? 'gawmifvukefwdkif; aejynfawmf0efxrf;vkyfaewJh nDrav;u araroHk;zdk@ ol@vcydkatmif pkpk+yD; tvdkufoday;aeao;onf? 'DvdkeJ@bJ tqifrajyvnf;ajy/ ajyvnf; ajy&wmayghav? &ifwxdwfxdwfeJ@/ raysmfEdkifygbl;aygh? tvkyfa¶S@rSm usaemfhwynfhav; wpfa,mufa&mufaeonfh tajctaeudk cef@rSef;=unfhawmh tvkyfr¶Sdvdk@ tjyifrSm xdkifaeonf[k xifygonf?odk@aomfoluusaemfhudk jrifonfESifh +yHK;+yD;‘tpfudkvmwmeJ@ tawmfbJ/ [dkbufu q&mvSa0¶HkrSmtvkyfenf;enf;¶Sdw,f? tJ'g b,folvmvm oGm;rvkyfvdk@qdkawmh tqifajyoGm;+yD’wJh? usawmfvnf;touf¶_acsmifoGm;w,fayg h? wu,fbJ &ifxJrSm ayg hoGm;+y D; / r d k ;¶ GmxJrSm vm&usd K ;eyfoGm;vdk@‘a[haumif@@@oGm;usdK; a&mh’qdk+yD; aq;ayghvdyfwdkudk ay;vdkufw,f? tcsrf;ajyaygh?

naetvkyfodrf;awmh wpfa,muf 3000pD ,l+yD;awmhjyefcJh&w,f? &aeus ae@wGufxufenf;ayrJ h 0rf;omrdonf? aemufwpfywfavmuf tvkyf&Ed ki fao;awmhrqd k;ygbl;qd k +y D;auseyfae&wmayg h ? usaem f h wynf hav;uawmh ol&aeus vky fcxuf 300yd k&vd k @tpfudkvufB&nfaomufyg qdk+yD; twif;wdkufwmeJ@raomuf&ufayrJh aomufcJh&w,fav?‘rsdKvdk@rusygbl; ighwynfh&m’qdkawmh ‘usaemf pdwfraumif;jzpfatmi frajymygeJ@ tpfudk&m/tpfudkeJ@twl tvkyfvkyfvmwm =um+yDbJ/ tpfudka=umifh usaemf 'Dtvkyfav; vkyfwwfwmyg’wJh?+yD;awmh vrf;cGJ+yD; tdrftjyef c&D;udk quf=uawmhw,fav? um;ay:a&mufjyefawmhvnf; udk,fudk,fwdkif udk,fhta=umif;udk jyefpOf;pm; =unfhrdw,f?usaemfae@¶Sdwdkif; tvkyfvkyfw,f? tcsdef¶Sdwdkif; tvkyf tvkyf jzpfatmifvkyfae&ayrJh/ rdom;pkav;rSmydkw,fqdkwJh tcsdeftcg r}uHKbl;vdkufbJ/ tvdk tvdk awG}uD;bJ tjrJjzpfaewwfwJh obm0udkyg?tuFs Dqdk wpfxnf0,fzdk@ pOf;pm;ae&w,f? xrDqdkvnf; wpfxnf0,fzdk@ tjrJtm;,lae&vdk@r*Fvmaqmifqdk vl}uHKyg;&aygif;rsm;+yD? tvSLwdk@ ema&;wdk@qdkvnf; ararbJ oGm;jzpfonfursm;w,faygh? araru rdk;vif;rd k;csKyf bk&m;¶Sdcd k;/ ykwD;pdyf r#a0&if;eJ@bJ yifpif&cgpb0udkjzwfoef;aewmqdkawmh/ tJ'Dwm0efudk ararbJ ,lxm;w,f?

vl}uD;olrqdkawmh ydk+yD;wifhw,fwmaygh? ajymomajym&wmyg }udK;pm;ygv#ufeJ@tjrJvdkaewm obm0bJ[m? wu,fwrf;awG;=unfhawmh usaemfwdk@rdom;pk wpfckwnf; jzpfaewmrSr[kwfbJav? usaemfwdk@&J@ &yfuGufwpfckvkH; jzpfaewJh tjzpfrSefygbJ? ukefpdrf; ukefajcmuf/ om;ig;tpkHa&mif;wJh &yfuGufaps;av;xJrSm =unfhvdkufygOD;? qefonfawG rsm;}uD;bJ/ ¶S,f}uD;bJa&mif;wJhqdkifrSm 0,folyg;+yD;/ qefjzpf¶Hk t0grygwJh 750²800qdkwJh qefqdkifawGrSm wpfjynfcsif;vufvDpdwf+yD; a&mifae&wm ac|wvHk;vHk;eJ@aygh? +yD;awmh ukefpdrf;wef;rSmvnf; qlnHatmf[pf+yD;a¶G;=u z,f=u 0,fae=u aps;qpf=ueJ@ aysmfp&maumif;aeao;w,f? trf;p&m 50wefr¶Sdvdk@ wdk@p&m0,fcdkif;aewJh aps;onf&J@awmif;yefoHeJ@ aps;0,fp&m twd,lvmwJh aiGydkrygwJh tdrf¶Sifr&J@vGefqGJaewJh yGJuvnf; pdwfyifyef;p&mbJ? om;ig;a&mif;wJh twef;rSmawmhvlr¶Sdoavmuf yg;ae+yD/


109

¶SdaewJh vlenf;enf;av;uvnf; ta¶S@eJ@taemufudk tacgufacguf av#mufae+yD;pOf;pm;aewJh olwdk@tawG;uawmh olwdk@bJ ykHaz:Edkifvdrfhraygh? tdrfOD;ewfvkyfwJh a,muFsm; tdrfjyefvmrSxrif;[if;csuf&rJh tdrf¶SifrwcsdK@awGuawmh ‘vifar#mfukef;’vdk@ pyg,f,mawG trnfwyfac:a0:xm;wJh aps;xdyfem; rSwfwdkifem;u a&rwifwJh ukefajrav;rSm pk+yD;&yfvdk@ um;ar#mf&if; tqifrajywmawGudk ºum;p&mvkyf+yD; +ydKifae=uav&J@? t&ifacwfu vlawGvdk ydkifqdkifwmeJ@ *k%fj'yfºum;p&mrSr¶Sdawmh¶SdwJh'kuQeJ@ a0'emawGudk ydkifqdkifr_tjzpfeJ@ awG;,l+yD; ajymaevdkuf=um obm0r[kwfwJhobm0 &ifzGifhoHvdk@awmif xifrdygw,f? cifAsm; =um;bl;vm;vdk@ ar;csifw,f? r=um;bl;&if cifAsm;wpfacgufavmufvmcJhygvdk@ zdwfac:yg&ap? ‘vifar#mfukef;&J@ aomupum;0dkif;’ae@wdkif;¶Sdaeygw,f? vdkif;um;pD;vmwJh tcsdefrSmvnf; udk,fhtyl udk,fhtawG;eJ@ wpfa,mufxJ tm¶kHvGefae&ifuHaumif;w,f rSwfyg? tJ'DvdkrS r[kwfbJ ylyifp&mrygvdk@ wjcm;vlawG&J@ pum;oHudk em;oGm;pGifh&ifolwdk@tcsif;csif; ajymae=uwJh pD;yGg;a&; csLcsmr_awG[m +iD;wGm;&if; idkae&wJh oDcsif;vdk/ r&yfrem;{&ifusL;aeovdk 0rf;omp&m a0;vdk@/ yDwdjzpfp&mt¶Sif;aygh? tJ'Dvdk tcgcg jrifawG@ae&vdk@vnf;usawmhtaeeJ@ tqifrajywmudk ydk+yD;rcHpm;rdawmhygbl;? aeom;us+yD; aewwfoGm;yg+yD?oli,fcsif;awG rawG@wm=umvdk@ E_wfquf&if ‘aeaumif;w,f r[kwfvm; oli,fcsif;’vdk@bJar;rdw,f? ‘tqifajyvm;’vdk@ rar;&Jawmhbl;? oltqifajywm rajywmawmh rodygbl;? ‘oli,fcsif;tqifajy&J@vm;’vdk@ udk,fhudk jyefar;vm&if ‘at;yguGm@@@@rif; vufB&nf aomufygvm;’vdk@ rac:Edkifvdk@yg?'guvnf; ¶dk;om;pGmbJ 0efcHwmyg? 'DvdkeJ@ pyg,f,m&J@toHu usaemftygt0if c&D;onftm;vHk;udk ajreDvrf; a&mufyg+yDqdkwmeJ@ tawG;awG/ &ifzGifhoHawGudk tqHk;owf &yfay;vdkufvdk@ rwdwfao;wJh rdk;=um;rSmtdrfjyefa&mufcJhw,faygh? tdrfa&mufawmh za,mif;wdkiftvif;u wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufjrif&¶kHom ¶Sdonfhtcsdef&yfuGufxJrSm tdrfwdkif;awmh rDwmwyfay;xm;yg&J@? wpfvHk;oHk;&wJhrDwmcaqmif&if 800rjynfh/ rDwmxdef;odrf;c qdk+yD; tydk500 ay;&wmbJ¶dSonf? udk,fhtdrfrSmwyfxm;wJh rDwmudk olwdk@awG apmifhavsmufay;wm aus;Zl;wif&rnf[k usaemfawG;rdonf?pwyfuwnf;u tcktcsdefxd wpfcgrS tcdk;rcH&bl;vdk@yg[k aus;Zl;wifawG;rdjcif; jzpfygonf?om;om;eJ@ ZeD;u usaemfhudk xrif;pm;zdk@apmifhae+yDrdk@ a&csdK;+yD;xrif;yGJ0ifrdonf? araruawmh(10)&uf Oykofapmifh oDv,lxm;onfrdk@ ukvm;xdkifay:rSm taEG;xnfav; 0wfvdk@ pdwfykwD;pdyfaeav&J@? bJOcsOf&nf[if;av;ayrJh xrif;pm;vdk@rqdk;vS? za,mif;wdkifESifhrdk@ rdk;csKyfatmif aevdk@r&/apmapmtdyfrS &rnfjzpfonf? 'guvnf; tydkxGufaiGbJav/ ydkvdk@rjzpfao;ay? arS;ueJ tdyfaysmfoGm;+yD;rS/ ¶kwfw&uf jyefEdk;vsif rnfonfhtcgr# ajzmifhajzmifhwef;wef;jyeftdyfr&aomusawmf? rdk;¶Gmaeonfh toHrsm;=um;rS tvif;¶Sdaeonfh tm¶kHwpfckudk cHpm;rdaeojzifhrsufvHk;zGif h=unfhvdkufrdonf? aumif;uifwpfckvHk; eD&JI aeavonf? apmapmuwnf;uowdxm;rdonfh xdktvif;a&mifonf ntarSmifxJY ydkrdkawmufyaejcif;onf aumif;jcif;r[kwf?avxefjcif; jzpfEdkifrnf[kawG;&if; tdyf,mrS tomt,m xrdonfESifh ZeD;uar;onf? usaemftrSeftwdkif; ajymIrjzpf? xdk@=umifhaumif;uifwpfckvHk; eDaeyHkaxmuf&if 'Dnavwdkufrvm;rodbl;uGm/ tJ'ga=umifh tdyfraysmfvdk@yg[k awG;awG;qq ajym&if; pdk;&drfaerdavonf? araruvnf; rtdyfao;? toufav;&vmI ttdyftae enf;oGm;onfjzpfaumif;jzpfrnf/za,mifwdkifav;xGef;I xvm+yD; pum;0dkif;av; zGJ@aerdonf? enf;enf;csif;


110

rd k;apGIvmygonf? nuvnf;12em&Dausmfausmf jzpfyg+yD / at;I tdyf,mxJY rdom;pkjyefvnfvJavsmif; aevdkuf=uonf? tdyfI raysmfEd ki fawmhay? avwdkufcwfE_ef; yd kIjrifhjrifvm+yDjzpfonf? &yfuGufwpfckvHk; "gwfrD;a&mifrsm; vif;vufaeonfudk awG@ae&onf?a&rsm;u wajz;ajz;rsm;vm/ avwdkufE_ef;u jrifh¶Hkr[kwfawmh? eHeuf 3em&Dcef@wGif t}uD;pm;rkefwdkif;tjzpf a&muf¶Sdwdkufcwf+yD; wpf&yfuGufvHk; tvl;tvJ cH=u&ygawmhonf? rdk;¶GmIavwdkufonf/ ta¶S@rStaemufodk@ c%wdkufonf? +yD;v#if awmifrSajrmuf/ taemufrSta¶S@/ ywfywfvnf vSnfhI wdkufawmhonf? touft&ajym&v#if vl}uD;ydkif; 0ifae+yDjzpfaom usawmhb0wGifyxrOD;qHk; }uHKawG@&jcif; jzpfonf? av=urf;onfudk vHk;0ra=umuf/ *¶kvnf; rpd kufrd/touf}uD;+yDjzpfwJh arareJ@ rusef;rmwJhZeD; a=umuf+yD; aerumif;jzpfaerSmbJ pdk;&drf+yD;/ tdrfjyifrxGuf&J?tdrfxJuaebJ bk&m;w&if; t+idK;w}uD;wdkufcwfaewJh rkefwdkif;'%fudkbJ cH&if;eJ@ ypPnf;awGa&rpdkatmif aocsmpkaeum ae&awmhw,f? oGyfrdk;xm;w,f qdkayrJh/ oGyfqdkac:&¶kHom¶SdaomoHjym;tyg;av;rsm;om jzpfaeunfrdk@ avwdkufE_ef;tm; jyif;vmonfESifhtr# ESpfcsyfoHk;csyfr#txyfvdkuf acgifrS pwifyGifhoGm;+yD; rdk;a&rsm;0ifvm+yD;/ qlnHjcif; toHu rSefrSef}uD; =um;ae&+yD;/c%=umawmh oHk;csyfvkH; cg;}udK;oGm;+yD;/ w0kef;0kef;eJ@ qlnHaewmaygh? jywf+yD; vGifhoGm;vdk@ wjcm;wpftdrftdrfu vludk xd&ifawmh 'kuQygbJ[k awG;+yD; ylyifaerdw,f? tdrfxJrSm a&awG0if+yD;tbufbufu pdk¶GJae+yD; avwdkufE_ef;u aqmifhaqmifhqGJonfh ykHpHjzpfvm+yD;/ eHeuf 4;30avmufrSmwpfcsufa0S@vdkufwJh ava=umifh ajc&if;bufu axmufwdkifawG }udK;+yD; x&Hu tdrfxJudk0ifvmum/cGufykHpH jzpfoGm;wJh tdrfav;udk ajray:udk vJusoGm;atmif ‘em*pf’u tvJxdk;eJ@ tEdkif,loGm;vdkufw,f? olrsm;awG wpfa,muf+yD; wpfa,muf vJ+yD;aeyg+yD? tdrfav;u olEdkifoavmufawmifhcHoGm;ygao;w,f? 'gayrJh aemufqHk;tcsdefrSmawmh olvJ taumifqHk; t¶_H;orm;bGJ@udk,loGm;&yg+yD? ypPnf;awGvnf; jyef@usJ¶_yfyGvdk@ aeayrJh/ t&ifqHk; bk&m;pifav;xJu jrwfpGmbk&m;¶kyfxkawmfudk yifh+yD; tdrfa¶S@opfyifav;ab;rSm &yfaewJh ararudk yvyfpwpftdyf ay;+yD; a&rpdkatmifvkyf&if;/ om;om;eJ@ZeD;onfudk tm;ay;+yD; rdk;'%fudk aveJ@wGJ+yD; wpfem&Davmuf quf'kuQcH+yD;rSavwdkufwm &yfoGm;ygawmhw,f?tJ'Duwnf;u yifyef;vdkufwm b,fvdkawGjzpfukefvJ rodayrJh/ajrpdkufwJav;wpfckjzpfatmif }uHzef+yD;qif&awmhw,f? reuf 10em&DavmufrSm rdk;uvnf; wdwfyg+yD?a&xJrSm vJaewJh tdrfuav;udk rdom;pkvdkuf xdkif=unfhae&if; pOf;pm;cef;awG 0ifae&awmhwmaygh?b,fuaep+yD; bmvkyf&rvJawmh rodayrJh/ tydkaiG bmrSr¶SdwJh usaemfhrdom;pk tajctaeudkusaemfodaeavawmh bmrSpm;csifpdwf r¶dSawmh?

aps;qdkifawGu rzGifh/ zGifhwJhqdkifawGuvnf; aps;awG csufjcif;wuf? vrf;awGtm;vHk;uawmhopfyif}uD;awG vJ+yD; ydwfaeavawmh vuB&nfqdkifavmufbJJ jrifae&onf? tqmajy¶kHraomufcsi faomufcsi fvuB&nfaomuf +y D ; p d k¶ G Jaeonf h yp Pnf;rsm;ud k [d k' Da¶ $ @&i f ;wpfaeukefoGm;onfrd k @ ajcvufyif ro,fEd ki f?ajrpd kufwJav;xJrSm ' kuQud k pwif +y D ;wG,fzufcH&awmhrSmygvm; qkdwJh todeJ@ yifhoufudk¶–+yD; tdyfvdkuf&w,fav? aemufae@reuftdyf,mu Edk;awmh a&aEG;"gwfAl;xJu a&aEG;,l+yD; aumfzDazsmfay;wJh ZeD;u tudkuftcJ aysmufaq;ygaomufzdk@ay;w,f? usawmf arareJ@ rsufvHk;csif; pum;ajymrd yg+yD? ararbmajymcsiffvnf; usawmfem;vnfygw,f? usaemf+yHK;+yD;awmh pum;ajym jzpfygw,f? arar om;em;vnfygw,f/ Zifa,mf


111

qdkayrJh arar om;u ‘a,meoH‘ygvdk@ @@@ ararvnf; +yHK;+yD;awmh acgif;+idrfhw,fav?‘em*pf’'kuQuawmh trsm;}uD;yg? tm;vHk;vnf; odoifhoavmuf odrSmyg? usaemfwdk@

rdom;pk tygt0iftdrf+ydKoGm;wJh vlawG renf;ygbl;? rSwfrSwf&&yg/ EdkifiHawmfu ay;wJh yvyfpwpfyHk;wpfvHk;/ cGufwpfckeJ@qef2jynfcsif; 5cgavmuf &vdkufygw,f? toGm;tvmawG cufcJoGm;vdk@ukefypPnf; aps;awGuvnf; pnf;rJhurf;rJh yg;pyfxJu qdkaps;awG jzpfoGm;+yD;/ pm;zdk@aomufzdk@ cufcJ+yD;/wpfae@vkyfrS wpfae@pm;&rJh rdom;pkawG z¶dkz&JeJ@/ b,folrsm; b,fursm;qdk+yD; ar#mfvif&if;/tpkvdkuf tpkvdkuf u,fq,fa&;pcef;,m,DwJawGrSmaygh? udk,fcsif;pmpdwf¶SdwJh wpfa,mufcsif;tvSL¶SifawGuawmh/ Edkifoavmuf EdkifovdkvSL=uayrJh 'kuQa&mufaewJh olawGudk wpfreuf wpfnyJulnDEdkifrSmaygh? ‘em*pf‘qdkwJh rkefwdkif;u usaemfwdk@vkd vlwef;pm;awGudkbJ 'kuQay;Edkifwmyg? +yD;jynfhpkHwJhvlcsrf;omawG&J@ wdkufwmawGudkawmh trsm;qHk;tqifh trdk;zGifhEdkif¶HkbJ pGrf;cJhygw,f? tJ'Dawmh r¶SdwJhrpGrf;wJh oludk EdSyfpufEdkifwJh ‘em*pf’tpGrf;avmufudk usawmf rav;pm;rdawmhbl;? ausmrGJvlwef;pm;udkbJ ESdyfpufEdkifwJh wrefewfqdk; wpfa,mufavmufbJvdk@ awG;awmhw,f? usaemf0rf;renf;csifawmhbl;/ 0rf;enf;aevnf; bmrSxl;rSmrS r[kwfawmhwm'Dawmh taumif;qHk; jzpfatmifudk,fxl udk,fxrSbJ &r,fvdk@ pOf;pm;rdawmhw,f? tdrf+ydKwJhvlawG pm&if;vdkufaumufvdk@pm&if;ay;vdkufwmbJ ¶S dwmyg? bmrSrxl;Ed kifbl;qdkwm odae+yDbJ? pm&if;jyvdk@ tay:ub,fvdkulnDay;vdkufyg qdkvnf;/ usaemfwdk@qD a&mufrvmEdkifygbl;? olwdk@tqifajyovdk cGJa0,lvdkufr,f qdkwm rSef;+yD;om;yg? tJ'Dawmh 'kuQ=um;xJrSmbJ rmefwif;&awmhwmaygh? aemufqkH;tqifh b,fvdktaumif;qkH;jzpfrvJvdk@ acgif;csif;qdkif+yD; rdom;pkawG }uHpnf&w,f? awG;awmwdkifyif&if; aemufqHk; qHk;jzwfcsufcs+yD;aiG&rJh ae&mudk pOf;pm;/ vufawG@ taumiftxnfaz:&awmhwmaygh? yxrqHk; tdrf+ydKwJhvlawGtwGuf owif;aumif;ud k &yfuGufxJrSm pwif=um;&wmuawmh r.&.u ¶H k;rSmoGyfawGa&mufae+yDwJh? tdrf+ydKwJhvlawG axmufcHpm ,lcJhygwJh? ‘em*pf’jzpfuwnf;u &yfuGufxJrSmOuUÏ r¶Sdygbl;? b,fa&mufvdk@ b,faygufaerSef; rodovdk bmrS pDpOfay;EdkifwJJh t&nftcsif;r¶Sdygbl;? &yfuGuf&J@ OuUÏqdkwm em,u*k%ftjynfhr¶Sdcsifawmh aeyg? jynfolawG&J@ 'kuQudkem;vnfay;&rSmaygh? yg0gjycsif¶Hk/ *k%fvdkcsifvdk@ wpfckwnf;eJ@ vl}uD;vkyfae+yD;/ tvkyfr¶Sdvdk@ rdef;rudkta=umif;jycsufay;+yD; tdrfxJuae tdrftjyifudk w&m;0ifxGuf+yD; tavvdkufcGifh &¶HkvkyfwJhOuUÏaerSmyg? wu,fvdktyfvmawmh acgif;a¶SmifoGm;vdk@ vrf;xJu q,ftdrfrSL;u ¶Hk;xJoGm;+yD;/wkef;x+yD; rSwfcsufudk OuUÏudk,fpm; vkyfvm+yD; oGyfoGm;xkwf&w,fav? oGyfur.&.u¶Hk;rSmav#mufv$mwpfapmifudk (10)csyfxkwfay;w,f? tvum;awmh r[kwfygbl;/ wpfayudk 700usyfE_ef;eJ@0,f&wmyg? xdkif;EdkifiH wHqdyfygvdk@ xdkif;EdkifiHapwemudk av;pm;rdygw,f? xdkif;EdkifiHu vSLwJh7ayoGyfwpfcsyfudk 4900ay;&+yD; 100u oGyftwiftcs tvkyform;c ¶Sdvdk@ 7ayoGyfwpfcsyfudk5000eJ@ ay;+yD; 0,fcJh&ygw,f? 'gvnf; obm0usygw,fav? 'Dtwdkif; tvum;ay;vdkuf&if tdrfr+ydKwJh vlawGuvnf; av#mufv$ma&;+yD; vmawmif;aerSmayghaemf? rjzpfraerdk@vdk@om 0,fcJh&wmyg/aiGig;aomif;&zdk@ usaemf wpfESpfavmuf tvkyfrSefae&ifawmif pkzdk@ rvG,fygbl;? 'gayrJh ajym&OD;r,f/r.&.uOuUÏ}uD;u oabmawmh aumif;om;? ol@qDrSm oGyf0,fwJh usaemfwdk@udk/ opfav#mufzdk@av#mufv$mrSm vufrSwfxdk;ay;w,f? tdrf+ydKoGm;wm rSefuefvdk@ opfxkwfay;&ef axmufcHygonfaygh?usaemfuawmh bmeJ@jzpfjzpf 0rf;omwmh trSefygbJ? tjyifrSm opfwpfwefudk 6odef; 8odef; jzpfaeawmh


112

tpdk;&aps;eJ@ 120000avmufeJ@ &Edkifvdk@ qdkygawmh? tJ'DvdkeJ@ '*kefawmifydkif; opfqdkifudk ar#mfvifhcsufwayG@wydkufeJ@ csDwufcJhwmaygh? wpfywfavmuf csdef;+yD;rS usawmfwdk@tvSnfh a&mufwmyg?uHaumif;axmufrpGmeJ@opfawmh &vdkufygw,f? tdrfaqmufvdk@&atmif rDSwJht¶Snf rygbl;?¶dk;¶dk;yHkxm;wJh xif;ykHav; wpfykHavmufbJ ¶SdrSmyg?

usaemfbmajymvdk@&rSmvJ?r,lvnf; ¶_H; ,lvnf; oHk;vdk@rS r&wm? 'gayrJh olwdk@twGufawmh (usaemfhudk opfwefig;rl;a&mif;vdkufygonf?usaemfu &ygonf[k vufrSwfxdk;ay;+yD;)taygufzgp&m usaemfhqDu axmufcHpm jyefawmif &oGm;w,fayghav? trSefawmh em;vSnfh+yD;yg;¶dkufvdkufwmyg? opfay;wm r[kwfygbl;/ xif;awG ay;wmyg? 'gayrJh txufudk tpD&ifcHpmwif&if opftaumif;awG jynfolawGudk ay;vdkuf+yD[k oufaoawGeJ@ vdrfvdk@ &EdkifoGm;yg+yD?usawmfwdk@uawmh em+yD;&if;em&wJh rdat;aygh? 'DvdkeJ@ vuform;iSg;+yD; r¶SdrJh¶SdrJh acs;iSg;xm;wJhaiGeJ@ ar#mwdkif0,f+yD; rdom;pkaevdk@&¶HkbJ10’x20’tdrfav; jyefxlaxmif ,l&awmhwmaygh? wdkifxl+yD; trdk;eJ@tcif;uawmh tdrfvHk;av;ay:oGm;+yDaygh? 'gayrJh tdrf&J@ tumx&HawGu tqiftajyawmhbl;? vuform;awG pdwf¶Snf¶SnfeJ@jyefjyifqifay;vdk@ acgif;&if;ydkif;av;awmh jyef&yg&J@/ ajc&if;bufuawmh bmrS rvkyfEdkifawmhvdk@,m,DwJxdk;+yD; ypPnf;tkyfwJh yvyfpwpfawGeJ@bJ umxm;vdkuf&awmhwmaygh? tJ'DvdkeJ@ jzpf!Spf+yD;tdrfav;jyefjzpfoGm;ayrJh usaemhf&J@acgif;ay:rSmawmh taºu;awG pk+yHKoGm;awmhwmaygh? tJ'Dtcsdefuaep+yD;awmh usaemf aoaocsmcsm awG;ygw,f/ ykHrSeftvkyf vkyfaeyg&J@ tm;vHk; tywfrvnfEdkifwm‘em*pf’ tvJxdk;vdkufawmh/ usaemfwdk@ b,fvdk qufvufcsDwufrvJaygh? 'gayrJh @@@@@ usaemf Passportxkwfay;wJh ¶Hk;}uD;udk aus;Zl;wifygw,f? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh tckxGufaygufwpfck awG@+yD; vGwfvGwfvyfvyf ysHoef;cGifh &+yDaygh? 'ga=umifhrdk@ ‘a,meoH Zifa,mf’vdktysHavhusifh aeyg+yD? tawmifawGem+yD; '%f&mawG AvyGeJ@ tcHcufvdk@vnf; yifyef;aeyg+yD? 'gayrJhawmfawmfjrifhjrifhrSmysHoef;wwfae+yDrdk@vdk@ tm;rav#mhygbl;? xyf+yD; jrifhoxufjrifhatmif ysH+yD;tvsifjrefqkH;t¶SdefeJ@ xdk;pdkufqif;Edkifzdk@ }udK;pm;tHk;rSmyg? 'DtcsdefrSm usaemfwG,fwmwJh rdom;pkeJ@cGJcGmae&ayrJh/ tdrfrSmuyfxm;wJh yvyfpwpfav;udk cGm+yD; x&Htopf wifEdkifyg+yD? tqkwfxJudk a&0if+yD;a&m*gjzpfaewJh ZeD;onfud kvnf;aq;¶H kwif a&pkyfxkwf+yD; aq;ukay;Ed ki fyg +yD? usaemfjzpfatmifvkyfEdkifpGrf;awG &awmhrSmrdk@/ usawmhararvnf; pdwfcsrf;om udk,fcsrf;omeJ@ oDvaqmufbm0emyGg;wJh tr_udk jyKEdkifaeonf jzpfayonf? usaemf r=umcifrSm taºu;awG a=uawmhrSmygvm;[k cHpm;0rf;om&if;/ aemufxyf b,fvdkrsdK; tcuftcJawG ¶SdaeygapOD;awmh/ rnfonfhtcgrS OD;r!$wfbJ a¶S@odk@omv#if csDwufrnf[laomowd oHEd<Ïmef csvdkuf&if;/ bk&m;¶Sdcdk;I reufjzef tvkyfqif;&eftwGuf tdyf,m0if&if; arwWmydk@aerdygawmhw,f? aejynfawmfrSm ¶SdaewJh owW0gawG @@@@ usef;rmcsrf;om=uygap @@@@ oifwdk@udk ,rrif;}uD;&J@ udk,f&Hawmf tm%myg;uGufom;awGu wif;ykwfxrf;+yD; apmifh&if; qDtdk;udk rD;xdk;aeav&J@ ?

Zifa,mf


113

rdk;ajropf

p-um0VmxJu'kdif,mvufwpf (27)

(u)Taqmif;yg;wGif topfESifhta[mif;=um;wGif&Sdaom yËdyuQukd rmhufcf. tawG;

tac:twkdif;yif tESpf om&ukd qkwfzrf;Edkif&ef azmfjyvkdufygonf?vl htzGJ htpnf;ESifh obm0avmue,fy,fxJwGif jzpfay:wkd;wufr_rsm;onf w&H

rvyfjzpfay:aeonf? bma=umifh jzpfay:wkd;wufr_awG&SdvmovJ/ b,fvkdjzpfay:wkd;wufvmcJhovJ?a&S hhykdif;wGif ,if;wkd hESifhywfouf I qufpyfESD;EG,fcJhor# &Sif;vif;cJhjyD;jzpfonf? ,ckxyfrH&Sif;vif;&efvkdtyfvmchJjyefojzifh bma=umifh/ b,fvkdwkd;wuf jzpfxGef;cJhonfukd rmhufcf. tawG;tac:twkdif;&Sif;vif;ygrnf?

jzpfay:wkd;wuf&jcif;. ta=umif;t&if;rSm qef husifbuftiftm;pkwkd h. wkdufyGJa=umifhyifjzpfonf? xkdqef husifbuftiftm;pkwkd h. wkdufyGJonf a&Smifwcifay:aygufvmjcif;r[kwf?

oufqk di f&m jzp fpO f.obm 0ADZwGif&Sdaom twGif;yËdyuQrsm;wGiftajccHI ay:ayguf vmjcif;jzpfonf? topfESifh ta[mif ;=um;wGif yËdyuQonf ay:aygufvm onf?ar G ;z Gm; }uD ;xGm; v#uf& S daomt&mrsm;onf csKyfjidrf;aysmufuG,fv#uf&Sdaom t&mrsm;ukd yËdyuQjyKonf? xk dtcsufuk d vl htzG J @tpnf;. jzpfay:wk d;wufr_wGifxif&Sm;pGmawG h&onf?

a&S hokd h csDwufv_yf&Sm;&mwGif tqifhwkdif;onf topfokd@

vSrf;wufr_wckyifjzpfonf? jzpfay:wkd;wufr_. jzpfpOfwGif topfonf }uD;xGm;oefpGrf;vmumta[mif;uk dv$rf;rk d;oGm;onf? tqif hwk dif;onf topfok d@vSrf; wufr_wckyifjzpfonf?vGefavjyD;aomtqifhokd h jyefa&mufjcif;r[kwf? ,if;okd hjzifh jzpfay:wkd;wufr_[lonf topfuta[mif;ukdausmfjzwfum v$rf;rdk;oGm;jcif;yifjzpfonf? xkd ha=umifh jzpfay:wkd;wufr_onf ta[mif;ukdxdrf;odrf;jcif;r[kwfyJ jiif;y,fjcif;jzpfonf?

a&S htcef;wGif qef husifbufjzpfaom t&mtcsif;csif;. wkdufyGJa=umifh t&nftcsif;ajymif;vJr_whrnf okd hrnfykH&Sdvma=umif; azmfjycJhjyD;jzpfonf? &kyf0wÎKrsm;wGif t&nfrStckd;taiG hokd h/ vl@tzGJ tpnf; wGif pepf a[mif;rS pepfopfokd h rnfokd hajymif;vJvmcJha=umif; awG hjrifcJh=u&jyD;jzpfonf?ajymif;vJr_wkdif;wGif qef husifbuf t&mrsm;. “wkdufyGJ”onf tajccHtoGifajymif;r_/ t&nftcsif;ajymif;vJr_ukd jzpfay:aponf?

wdkufyGJonfjyifywGif a&SmifwcifjzpfyGm;cJhonfr[kwf? twGif;ykdif;wGif ra&SmifrvGJomjzpfay:vmjcif; jzpfonf? tu,fI Tokd h pOf;pm;rnfqkdygpkd h? wdkufyGJonf oD;jcm;wnf&Sdaeaomtiftm;pkrsm;rS xGufay:vmum aemufrSoGm;a&muf wkdufckdufrdonf[k ,lqv#if rnfonfhenf;ESifhr#tEkyËdavmrukd em;vnfonf[k rqkdEkdifawmh ay?


114

wkdufyGJonf tjyifwGifr[kwfyJ twGif;I&Sdaeonf? a&Smifwcifr[kwfyJ rvGJra&Smifomjzpfayonf? jzpfpOf}uD;w&yfvkH;. yËdyuQusaomobm0rS xGufay:vmayonf? qef husifbufwkd@onf wckESifhwck oD;jcm; uif;uGmwnf&Sdae=uonfr[kwfyJ ,if;yËdyuQusaom jzpfpOf}uD;w&yfvkH;xJwGif cGJjcm;Ir&atmif qufoG,f,Suf EG,faeonf? xkdt&mrsm;onf jzpfpOf}uD;wckvkH;.twGif;yËdyuQ ukd tajccHum ay:aygufvmjyD;rS twkduftcHjzpf=ujcif;jzpfonf?

&kyfcE<mwck. ajymif;vJr_vrf;a=umif;wGif&Sdaom qefhusifbufjzpfonfh t&mrsm;onf&kyftoGifo¾ef .twGif;ADZwGif&Sdaom qGJiifjcif;ESifhwGef;vSefjcif; tiftm;pkwkd h. yËdyuQusaomnDnGwfaygif;pnf;r_tajccHrS xGufay:vmjcif;jzpfayonf? t&if;&Sifvl htzGJ htpnf;wGif&Sdaomvlwef;pm;wkdufyGJonfvnf; xkdenf;twkdif;yif jzpfonf? t&if;&Sifvl htzGJ htpnf;. twGif;ADZY&SdaombkHtvkyfESifhyk*~vdu tjrwfcGJa0r_wkd h. yËdyuQusaom nDnGwfaygif;pnf;r_ tajccHrS ay:xGufvmjcif;jzpfonf?

xkdokd h qef husifbuftiftm;pkrsm;. wkdufyGJonftwGif;rS rvGJra&Smifom ay:aygufvmonf[laom tcsufukd tEkyËdavmr ('kdif,mvufwpf)uspGm odjrifem;vnfjcif;/ wkdufyGJ.tusKd;w&m;rsm;ukd odjrifem;vnfjcif;/ wkdufyGJonf jzpfpOfwckvkH;.yËdyuQrsm;ukd tajccHonf[ktEkyËdavmruspGm odjrifem;vnfjcif;ponfwkd honf tawG;tac:ydkif;qkdif&m cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmr_w&yftaejzifhom wifjyaejcif;r[kwf/ vufawG hb0wkdufyGJxJwGif xkdod jrifr_onf vrf;jytvif;a&mifjzpfojzifh ta&;}uD;vSayonf?

(c)&kyf0wÎK &kyfb0. a,bl,stm;jzifh yËdyuQrsm;onf wpkHwckaomjzpfpOf/ wpkHwckaom

pepfwck. twGif;tESpfom&/ twGif;ADZyifjzpfonf? jzpfay:wkd;wufr_ukd ay:aygufvmaponfhwkdufyGJonfvnf; qef husif buft&mtcsif;csif; a&Smifwcifjzpfay:aom jyifywkdufckdufr_r[kwfay?t&m0wÎK rsm;/ vlwef;pm;b0. tcsif; csif;yËdyuQwGif tajccHaom wkdufyJGomjzpfayonf? Tokd@tm;jzifh yËdyuQrsm; vGJa&Smifr&aom tusKd;w&m;onf ay:aygufvmayonf? vJGa&Smifr&aomtajzonf ay:aygufvmayonf?

Oyrm Armjynfvl htzGJ htpnf;wGif ppftm%m&Sifpepfukd toufoGif;xm;onfh tkyfpkd;zdESdyfol ppftkyfpk ESifh ppftm%m&Sifpepfukd vkH;0qef husifaom vlrsKd;pkHtzdESdyfcHvlxkonf yËdyuQwkdufyGJjyif;xefv#uf&Sdonf? ppftm %m&Sifae0if; tm%meef;ykv†ifxufrS qifajy;cJh& aomfvnf;aemufxyfwufvmonfh ppftkyfpkrsm;ESifh tzdESdyfcH vlxkt=um;rS wkdufyGJonf qufvufjyif;xefqJjzpfonf? 'Drkdua&pDESifh 'Drkdua&pD qdwfuG,faomzufqpfwkd honf twGif;ADZt& qef@husifbufjzpfonf? a&Smifwcifjzpfay:vmcJhonfh jyifywkdufyGJr[kwf? tusKd;pD;yGm;jcif;rwlonfhtajccHay:wGif jzpfay:vmonfh yËdyuQwkdufyGJomjzpfonf? xkdyËdyuQwkdufyGJa=umifh vGJa&Smifr&aomtusKd;w&m; tajzonfum; jynfwGif;ppfyifjzpfonf? vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;ESifh xyfzefwvJvJay:xGufvmcJhonfh t&G,f tpm; }uD;}uD;i,fi,f vlxkwkdufyGJrsm;yifjzpfonf?

obm0wGif4if;/ vl htzGJ htpnf;wGif4if;/ jyifyjzpfaom a&Smifwcifjzpfaom yËdyuQrsm;r&Sdr[kwf/ &Sdonf? &Sdvmvdrfhrnf? okd h &mwGif jzpfay:wkd;wufr+. vrf;a=umif;ukd tqkH;tjzwfjyK&mwGifjyifyjzpfaom a&Smifwcif jzpfaomyËdyuQrsm;onf ta&;}uD;vSonf r[kwfay?

(*)


115

jzpfay:wkd;wufr+jzpfpOfw&yfvkH;wGif tjrifhokd h/ txufokd h wkd;wufv_yf&Sm;r+_zpfonf?tqifhwkdif;wGif t&nftcsif;a[mif;rS t&nftcsif;opfokd h ul;ajymif;r_oabmukd aqmifonf?xkdtqifhwkdif;onf yËdyuQrsm;pGmukd tqufrjywfay:aygufapum ajzvnf;ajz&Sif;ay;onf?

jzpfay:wkd;wufr_tqifhwkdif;Y tysufoabmESifh tjyKoabm/ twdwfESifhtem*wf/ csKyfjidrf;ysufpD;ae onfht&mESifh arG;zGm;jzpfay:aeonfht&m[lI &Sdaeonf? jzpfay:wkd;wufr_tqifhopfonfta[mif;.ADZtwGif;Y &Sdaom yËdyuQrsm;/ wkdufyGJrsm;rS arG;zGm;vmpOfuwnf;u yËdyuQopfrsm;.rsKd;aphonf wygwnf;ygvmcJhjyD;jzpf onf? xkdodk htwdwfrS wpkHw&monf uyfjidygvmumxkdtqifhopfokd h wl&lv_yf&Sm;aeonfh tem*wfrS wpkH w &monfvnf; 0ifa&mufudef;atmif;pjyKaeaom a=umifhjzpfonf?

xkd ha=umifhyif ,if;ukdtajccHum ta[mif;ESifhtopfwkd h. wkdufyGJ/ csKyfjidrf;ysufpD; aeonfht&mESifharG; zGm;jzpfay:aeonfht&mwkd h. wkdufyGJ/ aysmufuG,fqkwf,kwfaeonfht&mESifh jzpfay:wkd;wuf aeonfh t&mwkd h . wkdufyGJ[lI ay:vmjcif;jzpfonf? xkdokd htm;jzifh jzpfay:wkd;wufr_onf topfjzpfaomjzpfay:wkd;wufr_ukd tjrJwrf;a&S h&_aeonf? jzpfay:wkd;wufr_. toGifvuQ%mukdvlr_jzpfay:wkd;wufr_wGif/ txl;ojzifh ppftm %m&SifpepfrS 'Drkdua&pDpepfokd h/ t&if;&Sif'Drkdua&pDrSjynfol h'Drkdua&pDokd h jzpfay:wkd;wufr_wGif xif&Sm;pGmawG hjrifEkdifayonf?

t&if;&Sifpepf. tajccHyËdyuQrSm bkHukefvkyfa&;ESifh yk*~vdutjrwfcGJa0r_wkd h.yËdyuQjzpfonf? ,if;onf topfESifhta[mif;wkd h. yËdyuQjzpfonf? bkHukefvkyfa&;onf toGifopfjzpf I/ yk*~vdutjrwfcGJa0r_onf toGifa[mif;jzpfonf?

ta[mif;ESifhtopf/ twdwfESifhtem*wfwkd h. yËdyuQrsm;onf vlr_tzGJ htpnf;xJwGiftqufrjywf jzpfay:aecJh/ aeqJjzpfonf? ,ae humvwGif 'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/ awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm;twGif;Y4if;/ zufqpfppftkyfpkESifh vlrsKd;pkHtzdESdyfcH vlxkt=um;&Sd yËdyuQwkdufyGJrsm;ukd4if;/b,f[mu ta[mif;vnf;/ twdwf vnf;/ b,ft&monf topfvnf;/ tem*wfvnf; qef;ppf=unfhoifhayonf? rkd;ajropf

Zlvdkif 12 / 2011

,refae@u jrefrmh 'Drdkua&pD acgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pkjunfeSif h awG@qHkpOftwGif; jrefrmtpdk;& 0efjuD; OD;atmifjunf&kwfw&uf eSvHk;atmifhaom a0'em jzpfay:cHpm;&ajumif; owif;&&Sdonf? a':atmifqef;pkjunf. “twGif;tm;”udk rcHedkifaomajumifh,ckuJhodk@OD;atmifjunf &ifbwf atmifhoGm;jcif; jzpfajumif; od&onf?a0'em jyif;xef vGef;aomajumifh 0efjuD; OD;atmifjunfrSm &ifbwfudkvufjzifh zdxm;&jyD; rsufeSmrSmvnf; &_HhrJhaeonf?

“a':pk&J h twGif;tm;u tawmfjyif;w,fAs? u|efawmfhyg0gavmufeJh rcHedkifbl;? &ifbwfawmfawmf atmifhoGm;w,f? pl;jyD;atmifhwm”[k awG@qHkr_ tjyD;wGif owif;axmufrsm;udk OD;atmifjunfuajymonf? “'DyHkpH twdkif;qdk&if eSvHk;puf wyfxm;wJh orRwjuD; taeeJh awG@zdk@tqifoifh jzpfOD;r,frxifbl; [k 4if;u qufvuf ajymjum;oGm;onf?

0ef}uD;OD;atmif-unfESvHk;atmifhonfha0'emcHpm;&


116

bmomjyef tcef;quf

Tpmtkyfonf pma&;q&mr karen

connelly . rl&if;pmtkyfwtkyfjzpf+yD;pmzwfolrsm; tm; tvGeftrif;

zwfapcsifaom qENa=umifh }uKd;pm;wifjyvkdufygonf? Tpmtkyftm;zwfapjcif;jzifh jref rmEkdifiHtwGif;

tkyfcsKyfrif;rlaeaom ppftpkd;&. vufxufwGif jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkd@ rnfa&G@rnfr#xdvl@tcGifh ta&; qkH;&_H;ae+yD;

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;&Sd tusOf;axmif rsm;twGif;rnfuJhokd hzdpD;ESdyfpuf

rnfuJhokd qif;&J'kuQcH&Ippftpkd;&. vlrqefr_rsm;ukd

uGufuGufuGif;uGif; odjrif&rnf jzpfygonf?

tcef;quftjzpf azmfjyoGm;ygrnf?

tvif;tdrfr* tvif;tdrfr* tvif;tdrfr* tvif;tdrfr* tvif;tdrfr* ~Zif;~Zif;~Zif;~Zif;~Zif;

,cifvrStquf ,cifvrStquf ,cifvrStquf ,cifvrStquf ,cifvrStquf tdrfajrSmifavSmiftdrf tcef; ( 45)

wJpkwfav;&SdwJhae&mukd ckefaygufajy;vGm;&if; ajcvSrf;awGukd a&wGufaevkdufw,f? tpGrf;ukeftjref qkH; ajy;aeayrJh toHus,fvkd hrjzpfbl;? wa,mufa,muf odcJh&if tawmfhukd 'kuQa&mufoGm;vdrfhr,f?-uGufowf wJhwkwfukd xkwfvkdufjyD; udk,fcE<mukd,faemufrSm 0Sufvkdufw,f?

csrf;wkefaew,f?rkd;onf;vkd h acsmif;a&awG[m awmfawmfav;eufaew,f? tarSmifxJrSm vufwzufESif h

rSef;&Smvkduf w,f? tarSmifxJrSmvnf; ol[m ol0Sufxm;wJhrD;jcpfukd &SmEkdifw,f?'gayrJh b,fvkdprf;-unfhprf;-unfh rawG hyg? “ igb,frSmrsm; ajymif;jyD;xm;ygvdrfh ”qkdjyD;

pOf;pm;ae w,f? rk d;a&uswJh a&vrf;a-umif;av; wavsmufvkH;vnf; &SmrawG hyg? bma-umif hxm;aeusae&mrSm igrxm;yg vdrfh? “ aomufokH;ruswJht&l;”vkd h ukd,fhukdukd,f usdrfqJaerdw,f? tjypfwif&if;ikdaerdw,f?

aemufwcg xyf&Smvdkufw,f? vkHcsnfta[mif;awG/ apmifta[mif;awG-um;rSmvnf; &SmwmrawGyg? ykd;aumifxJhxm;wJh rD;jcpfbl;/ aemufjyD;awmh a&$wd*kHbk&m;"gwfykHxJhxm;wJh tdwfus,fus,fxJrSmvnf;&Smygw,f? pkdaewJhvufn‡d;ukd t0wfESifhokwfvkduf&if; rD;jcpfqHESifhrD;jcpfbl;ukd jcpfvkdufw,f? wcsuf/ ESpfcsuf/okH;csuf? rD;jcpf vkd h r&ao;yg? aemufqkH; atmifjrifoGm;w,f?

bmomjyefqdkol RRRRRoland Haroland Haroland Haroland Haroland Hardydydydydy(c)armifarmifvwf(c)armifarmifvwf(c)armifarmifvwf(c)armifarmifvwf(c)armifarmifvwf


117

tdyf,mukd vSefavSmjyD; ajr-uD;ukd wl;vkdufw,f? wl;w,f/ qufjyD;wl;w,f?wl&if;/ wl;&if; awmfawmfeufwJhtxd wl;ayrJh rawG hao;bl;? “ ig'DavmufeufwJhtxd xm;cJh

ovm;´” pOf;pm;aew,f? abmvfyif b,fa&mufoGm;ovJ´ tJ'Dabmvfyif[m awZ&J h ta&;-uD;qkH;ypPnf;ol hvufxJrSm&SdaecJhwm/ aumifav;pOf;pm;rdw,f?

“igbk&m;&Sdckd;wm enf;oGm;vkd h ihgukd bk&m; ru,fwmvm;´“'grSr[kwf&if igewfukd qkrawmif;wwfbJ awmif;wmvGJoGm;wmvm;? 'ga-umifh igikdae&wmbJ

r[kwf vm;?” ======================awZpum;a-umif h axmifrSL;ukdcspfEk dif &kwfw&uf x&yfvkdufrdw,f? ol hem;ukdawmif

olr,kHEdkifcJhbl;? awZrsm; ol hukk dtwnfESifh aemufajymifaewmvm;? 'gayrJh aw;qkdiSuf -urf;jyifrSmw&m;usifhaewJhykHpHESifh xkdifaewmawG h&awmh 'Dpum;[m wu,f ajymwmbJ jzpfrSmbJvkd h awG;rdw,f?

ukdcspfEkdif aoaocsmcsm -um;vkdufw,f? tpmiwfcHjyD; qENjyr,fqkdwm tJ'DtpmiwfcHqENjywmbm twGufvJ´

q&m0efajymoGm;wJhpum;awG[m ukdcspfEkdifem;xJu rxGufao;yg? &Spfyg;oDv apmifhwmawmifawmf awmfvGefaejyD? aemufwckpdwfxJrSm wrsKd;cHpm;&w,f? igol htay: 'Davmufaumif;wmawmifighrsufESmukd raxmufxm;bJ olvkyfcsifwm vkyfawmhr,faygh?

axmifrSL;ukdcspfEkdifu axmifxJrSm vkyfcJhbl;wJh tpmiwfcHqENjywm b,favmuf jy\em-uD;w,f?tEW&,f-uD;wm b,fwkH;urSvnf; atmifjrifcJhwmr&SdcJhbl;? aemufykdqkd;wmu axmif&J hwm0efcHvl }uD;awGuvnf;b,fwkef;urvkdufavsmcJhygbl;? aocsifao 'Dtwkdif; v$wfxm;ay;vkdufw,f?

“usaemf em;vnfygw,f”vkd h awZuajymvkduf&if;“ usaemfwa,mufxJ ukd,f[mukd,f qENjywmbJ? ”“ bkef;-uD;awGvdkvm;”vkd h udkcspfEkdifar;vkdufw,f?“[kwfw,f” 'gayrJh h h h h“ usaemfu ausmif;om;qkdawmh ausmif;om;vkdbJ oydwfarSmufr,f”oydwfarSmufw,fqkdwm[m [kd;a&S;a&S;wkef;uwnf; &Sdw,f? vlwkdif;odw,f? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;

wkd hacwfwkef;uvnf; &SdcJhw,f? &[ef;awGu pcJhwm? bk&if&J h t*"dvkdufpm;wmukd oydwfarSmufusw,f?qGrf;cHwJh tcgrSm oydwfawGukd atmufbufukdarSmufxm;jyD; qENjy-uw,f? bk&ifhqDu avmif;wJhqGrf;ukdbkef;ray;bl; vkd h qkH;jzwfxm;wJhtwkdif; qGrf;ukdvufrcHbl;?

1988ckESpfrSm bkef;-uD;awGvnf; owWd&Sd&Sd oydwfarSmuf-uw,f? emrnfausmfwJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif rkd;oD;ZGefu &[ef;ysKdawGukd OD;aqmifjyD; oydwfarSmufusw,f? &[ef;awGcsDwufqENjy&if; oydwfawGarSmuf &if; oGm;-uwmukd vltrsm;pk yg0ifv+yf&Sm;vm-uw,f? aemufawmh vlxk[m axmifaomif; rujzpfvm-uw,f?

ukdcspfEdkif rauseyfyg? “ oydwfarSmufw,fqkdwm odyf-uD;rm;wJh vkyf&yfbJ” cifAsm;[m &[ef;ysKdvJr[kwf[l;? 'g[m axmif? bkef;-uD;ausmif;r[kwfbl;? aemufjyD; cifAsm;u usrf;rma&; wtm;aumif;wJholr[kwfbl;qkdwm rarheJhOD; ” vkd h toHus,fus,f ajymvkdufw,f?

ukdcspfEkdif pum;a-umifh awZ&,fcsifoGm;w,f? “ usaemfukd pm&Gufw&GufeJ h abmvfyif c%ay;yg?usaemf pm&if;vkyfcsifw,f?”

&,fp&m aysmufuG,foGm;wJh axmifrSL;ukdcspfEkdif&J hrsufESm[m tkdrif;&ifha&mfoGm;w,f? tcef;


118

jyifxGuf jyD; p-uFefrSm awmifhawmifh-uD; vrf;av#mufaew,f? ukdcspfEkdif[m ppfwyf&J hrsufESmzkH;wyfxm;&wJholjzpfygw,f? olawZukd pum;ajymcsifayrJh tp&Smr&yg? aemufjyD; EkdifiHa&; tusOf;om;wa,mufuol h&J haxmifrSL;qDu awmif;wJhypPnf;[m axmifrSL;twGuf awmfawmf'kuQrsm;apw,f?

“ ukdcspfEkdif oHacsmif;racgufcif usaemfcifAsm; &J h tultnDukd vdkcsifw,f”“ cifAsm;/ usaemfqDu tultnDvkdw,f [kwfvm;”“ [kwfygw,f? wu,fqkd&if aumifav;[m pmzwfwwfzkd hawmh vkdtyfygw,f”“ ukdawZ 'Daumifav;[m cifAsm;ukd bm'kuQawG ay;aewmvJ”awZ vufarmif;ukd ukwfjcpfaerdw,f?jyD;awmh “cifAsm; ulnDrSjzpfrSmyg? wjcm;vlawGxuf cifAsm; u yk d jyD;,k H-unf&w,f?

vkyfp&mawGtrsm; -uD;&Sdw,f? ukdcspfEkdifomulnD&if tqifajyrSmyg? udkcspfEkdif usaemfwkd htm;vkH;vnf; yifyef;vSygjyD? a':atmifqef; pk-unfvJ yifyef;aejyD? usaemf wcgwav pOf;pm;-unfhw,f? AkdvfcsKyfawGvJ pdwfyifyef;/vlyifyef;jzpfaerSmbJ? e,fpyfrSmvnf; ukd,fhvlrsKd;tcsif;csif; owfjzwfae-uwm pdwfysufp&m aumif;w,f?”

“ usaemf ukdcspfEkdifukd tultnDawmif;wm[m usaemfhrSmu ukdcspfEkdifuvGJjyD; b,folrStquftoG,f r&Sdbl;? ukdcspfEkdif[m owWd&Sd&SdESifhrSefuefwJh vrf;ay:av#mufaewJholqkdawmh usaemfpdwfcs&w,f?'g[m vGwfvyf jcif;t&ombJ? usaemftck tusOf;usae&ayrJh usaemfhb0twGuf usaemfhbmoma&G;w,f?'gayrJh aumifav;rSm bmrS r&Sdbl;? ol hb0[m 'DtusOf;axmifvkdbJ? usaemf aumifav;eJ haoaocsmcsmpum;ajymjyD;jyD? 'Daumifav; vnf; 'Dtif;pdefaxmifu v$wfajrmufcsifw,f? usaemf tpmiwfcHqENjywmrvkyfcif aumifav;ukd 'Duv$wfajrmuf oGm;wm t&ifjrifcsifw,fAsm?”

“ -unfhjrifwkdifjrKd he,f ( )vrf;rSm a&S;uswJhpmoifwkduf wck&Sdw,f? ausmif;wkdifq&mawmf-uD;ukd usaemfhtar aumif;aumif;odygw,f? 'Dawmh ukdcspfEkdif aumifav;eJ h q&mawmf-uD;qDbJoGm;oGm;usaemfht aruwqifh oGm;oGm; tqifajyygw,f? q&mawmf-uD;eJhawG h&if usaemfu 'Duav; pmzwfwwf/a&;wwfapcsif vkd h tyfwmvkd hav#mufay;yg? q&mawmf-uD;u uav;ukdpmoifay;r,f/ ukd&if0wfay;r,fqkd&ifaxmifykdif-uD;vnf; cGifhjyKrSmbJ? cGifhrjyK&if ukd&if0wfwmukd uef huGufwJholjzpfoGm;r,f?”

“-udrf;aoygw,f? aumifav;ukd cGifhjyKygvdrfhr,f?” ======================

udkcspfEkdif av;av;vHvH oufjyif;wcsufcsvkdufw,f?“ ukdawZ ajymoavmuf vG,fr,frxifbl;? awmfawmfpGef hpm;&vdrfhr,f?” axmifrSL;ukdcspfEdkif[m

ajymajymqkdqkdESifh aemufajcwvSrf;qkwfvkdufjyD; tusOf;wHcg;ukd ydwfjyD;jyefoGm;w,f? awZwa,muf eH&HukdrSD&yfjyD; ol hukdjyKH;jyH;-uD; -unfhaer,fqkdwm aemufvSnfhr-unfhbJ odaeygw,f? ajymvkd hajymwmr[kwfbl;?aumifav; 'DaxmifxJu xGufoGm;r,fqkdwm rvG,fbl;? aumifav; woufvkH; axmifxJrSmaysmfaecJhwm?

awZ[m xrif;yef;uefukd ai;-unfh&if; ckeu ukdcspfEkdif&yfaewJhae&mrSm aumifav;vnf;&yfaeus?

aumifav;&J h rsufESmrSm &J&ifhjcif;awG ay:vmw,f? olwu,f pmoifcsifaew,fqkdwm?a-umuf&GH hjcif;xuf owdW&Sdjcif;u ykdomaew,f? ol hb0twGuf olwkdufyGJ0if&rSmbJ? aemufqkH;awmh

uav;av;&J h qkH;jzwfcsufu ta&;-uD;qkH;bJ jzpfw,f?awZ tm;wufoa&mESifh pmoufausmif;wkdufemrnfu “ ynm0wD ”vkd h ac:w,f?uJ udkcspfEkdif aumifav;udpPukd b,fvkdykHpHESifh ulnDay;rSmvJ

qufvufazmfjy oGm;ygrnf? bmomjyefqdkol RRRRRoland Haroland Haroland Haroland Haroland Hardydydydydy(c)armifarmifvwf(c)armifarmifvwf(c)armifarmifvwf(c)armifarmifvwf(c)armifarmifvwf


119

jroef;wif hjroef;wif hjroef;wif hjroef;wif hjroef;wif h

'Da&jri fhopfEdkifiHa&; tawG;tjrif bmomjyef tcef;quf

jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpf vrf;pOfygwD vufxuf/jrefrmhwyfrawmftrnfcH ppftm%m&Sifrsm;rSxkwfa0cGifhjyK+yD;aemuf ydwfyif wm;jrpfjcif;cH&aom q&mjroef;wifq&mjroef;wifq&mjroef;wifq&mjroef;wifq&mjroef;wifh . 'Da&jrifhopf'Da&jrifhopf'Da&jrifhopf'Da&jrifhopf'Da&jrifhopf(armfpDwkef; ESifh w&kwfawmfvSefa&;) pmtkyftm;/ tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; &Jabmfrsm; taejzifhvufawG hb0 w&kwfjynfawmfvSefa&;ESifh cH,ljzwfoef;r_rsm;udk pmzwfolwdk h avhvmod&SdEdkifap&ef tcef;quftjzpf azmfjyvkdufygonf//

(pma&;ol. rdom;pkESifh qufoG,fa&; cufcJojzifh today;jcif; r&SdonfudkcGifhv$wfay;yg&ef awmif;yeftyfygonf)

ol@ vrf;pOfatmifjrifa&;twGuf/ tcs de fwcs de fwGif yk*~ d Kvf ud k;uG,fr_onf rnfr#tusdK;,kwfapEdkifonfudk armfod+yD; jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh “yk*~dKvfudk;uG,fr_udk aoG;at;oGm;atmifvkyf&rnf ” [k 1970 ckESpfu t*~gpEdk;udk ajymcJhjcif; jzpfonf?

armfpDwkef; tawG;tac: [lonf vuf&S d ordkif;acwf. xl;jcm;csufrsm;ESif haygif;pyfxm;o!fh rwf0g'-vDeif0g' jzpfonf? todw&m;opfudk yuwd vufawG@rS xkwf,l&efoif=um;onf? rwf0g'udk wdkif;jynfwjynf. wdusaom tajctaersm;ESifh vkdufavsmnDatmifusifhoHk;onf? awmf vSefa&;udk vrf;jyonf? tvkyf. vrf;!$efjzpfonf? armf. tawG;tac:onftaumiftxnfrJhaom todynmqdkif&m pnf;urf;w&yf r[kwf? toufygaom &Sifoefaomvlxk vrf;pOf jzpfonf? ygwD vkyf[ef jyifa&; umvtwGif; csefau&Sdwfu w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwDudkbufaygif;pHkrS ydwfqdk@xm;onf? odk@&mwGif csHKuif;&Sd ygwD. qufoG,fa&; AsL[monf/ rSefrSef}uD;tvkyfvkyfv#uf &Sdonf?

1942 ckESpf rwfv (28) &ufae@wGif w&kwf uGefjrLepfygwDu/ ulrifwefodk@awmif;qkdcsufrsm; wifjyvdkufonf? w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwDukd w&m;0if ygwDwcktjzpf todtrSwfjyK&rnf? vGwfajrmuf+yD;e,fajrrsm;udk udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfa&; a'orsm;tjzpf/ todtrSwf jyK&rnf?trSwf (8) ppfa=umif; wyfrawmfudk wyfr}uD; (3) ckrS (8) cktxd wdk;csJ@cGifh jyK&rnf? pwkwˆwyfrawmfopfudk jrpf0gjrpf awmifbufwGif wyfpGJcGifh jyK&rnf? ponfwdk@jzpfonf? 4if;ESifhtwl!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& zGJ@pnf;a&;twGuf tcsuf (10) csuf udkvnf; wifjyonf? csefau&SdwfuuGefjrLepfwdk@. awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk y,fcsvdkuf ojzifh aphpyf aqG;aEG;r_rsm; ysufoGm;onf?

odk@&mwGif EdkifiHwum tajctaeu/ uGefjrLepfwdk@zufodk@ tav;wif;aeonf?tar&duefonf ta&S@tm&S awmifydkif;wGif *syefudk wdkuf&onf? xdk@a=umihf *syefudk wdkufr!fhtm;rsm;udk ol@zufwGif pkpnf;xm;zdk@vdkonf? tar&duef vufeufudk tm;udk;ae&o!fhcsefau&Sdwfonf uGefjrLepfrsm;udk wdkufcsifaeaomfvnf; tar&duefu [ef@wm;ojzihf rwdkufEdkif?odk@&mwGif uGefjrLepfrsm;ESihf aemufqHk; ydwf pm&if;&Sif;&eftwGuf vufeufrsm;udk usdwfpkaeonf?

csHKuif;wGif&Sdo!fh tar&duef oHwrefrsm;ESihf owif;pmq&mrsm;onf/ csefau&SdwfudkoHo, jzpfae=uonf? csefau&Sdwf. wyfrsm; tajctae/ csefau&Sdwf vufatmufuvlxktajctaeudk =u!fhI pdwfysufae=uonf? 1944 ckESpfwGif tar&duefu *syefudk t+yD;owfxkd;ppfqif&eftwGuf/ csefau&Sdwf. wyfrsm;udk jyefzGJ@&ef AdkvfcsKyfpwD;0Jvfudk v$wfvdkufonf?ppfrsufESmwGif *syefppfwyf (50) &mE_ef;udk uGefjrLepfrsm;u acsr_ef;aeo!fh owif;rsm;udk


120

=um;&o!fhtcgwGif/ tar&duefwdk@ uGefjrLepfrsm;udk txif}uD;vm=uonf? csefau&Sdwfu *syefudkaumif;aumif; rwdkufyJ/ uGefjrLepfrsm;ESifh jynfwGif;ppfcif;&ef jyifqifaejcif;udk =u!fhI/ orw&kpbJh uvnf;/ r=unfrom jzpfaeonf?

csefau&SdwfESihf jynfwGif;ppfjzpf&ef/ tvm;tvmawG &Sdaeonf[k armfu 1944ckESpfwGif *efompwdef;udk ajymcJhonf? xdk@twGuf armhfbufu =u!fhv#if/ udk,hfwyfudk jyif&rnf?ygwDudk odyfonf;cdkifrmatmif wnfaqmuf&vdrfhrnf? “tEdkif,l&Jovm;/ [kwfw,f/u|efawmfwdk@[m tEdkif,l&Jw,f” [k armfu ajymcJhonf? armf. pum;vHk;rsm;onf/ w&kwfjynfwjynfvHk;wGif atmifyGJcH&ef oH"dXmefudk azmfjyvdkufjcif; jzpfonf? pifppf tm%modrf;&ef&nf&G,fjcif; r&Sdo!fh awmfvSefa&;w&yfonf bmr# t"dy`g,f &Sdrnf r[kwf?

tm%modrf;a&;wdkufyGJ atmifjrifa&;Y/ vkyf[ef jyK jyifa&; v_yf&Sm;r_onfta&;}uD;aom tcef;rS ygaeonf? xdktcsdefu uGefjrLepfygwDonf 4if;. yef;wdkifudk a&mufzdk@(5) ESpfr#om vdkawmhonf? odk@&mwGif xdktcsdefwGif a&mufrnf[k rnfolr# rxifrd=u?vkyf[efjyifa&; v_yf&Sm;r_onf xdk yef;wdkifodk@ a&mufa&;Y t"du usa=umif;udk rnfolr#rod=u ?

owWr uGefu&uf? 1945 ck {+yDv?owWr uGefu&uf? 1945 ck {+yDv?owWr uGefu&uf? 1945 ck {+yDv?owWr uGefu&uf? 1945 ck {+yDv?owWr uGefu&uf? 1945 ck {+yDv?w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwD. owWruGefu&ufudk ,iftef;wGif usif;yonf? 1942 ck {+yDvrS

ZGefvtxd =umonf? qXr uGefu&ufudk 1928 ck armfpudkwGif usif;ycJhjcif;jzpf&m/ (17) ESpf=um oGm;+yD;/ xdkpOfu w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwDonf trJvdkufcHae&o!fh tpdwfpdwftydkif;ydkif;jzpfaeo!fh ygwDuav;wck jzpfonf? 1945 ckESpfwGifrl urBmwGif 'kwd, t}uD;qHk; uGefjrLepfygwDjzpfae+yD?

owWruGefu&ufudk “nD!Gwf&mwGif pHjy uGefu&uf/ tvGefatmifjrifwJh uGefu&uf” [k armfu ajymcJhonf? uGefu&ufygwDordkif;udk pDppfcJhonf? EdkifiHa&;ESihf ordkif;a&;tajctaersm;udk aumufcsufqGJcJhonf? atmifyGJrsm;udk oHk;oyfonf? trSm;rsm;udk z,f&Sif;onf?ygwDnD!Gwfa&;/ vkyf[efjyKjyifa&;/ ukefxkwfvkyfa&;/ *syefckcHa&;wdk@wGif atmifjrifonf[kausnmcJhonf? ygwD. a&S@ vrf;pOfudk csrSwfonf? ( “!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&” pmwrf; vufa&G;pifusrf;/wGJ 3?)

owWruGefu&uf usif;y&m/ taqmuftOD;udk ,iftef;wGif jywdkufvkyfxm;onf?owWr uGe fu&ufonf w&kwfuGe f jrLep fy gwD. ord ki f ;wGi f / ta&; }uD ;onf?awmfvSefa&;tqifhwck+yD;I/ aemuf wqifhodk@ wufr!fh/ ajcvSrf;wckjzpfonf?

armfu awmifydkif; ppfrsufESmodk@xGufr!hf/ trSwf (8) ppfa=umif; wyfeDawmfwyfr[mtrSwf (359) rS wyfom;rsm;tm;/ rdef@cGef;ajymum uAsmwyk'f &Gwfjyonf?

ydkif;yifvdkvJ usifh&r,f/ rdk;rcyifvdkvJ usifh&r,fydkif;yif[m t+rJpdrf;w,f/ rdk;oufavxJ rkef;wdkif;xJrSmrm;rm;&yfw,f? (ydkif;yifrSm rl&Sdw,f)rdk;rcyifu ae&mwumrSm pdkufvdk@&w,f?aEGusawmh


121

ol@tudkif;tcufawG &Snfvm+yD;r&nfrwGufEdkifwJh rdk;rc&GufawG[mvSypGm v_yf&Sm;=uw,f? (rdk;rcyifrSm aysmhaysmif;r_&Sdw,f?)

armfonf owWruGefu&ufwGif rdef@cGef; oHk;ck ajymonf? “!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&”“,GDuHk;awmif”+zdK jcif; ESifh “vkyf[efjyK jyifa&;ESihf ukefxkwfvkyfa&; v_yf&Sm;r_}uD;ESpfck. ta&;ygyHk” qdko!fh rdef@cGef;rsm; jzpfonf? “!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&” pmwrf;onf ta&;}uD;onf? xdkpmwrf;udkem;vnf&eftwGuf owWr uGefu&uf aemufcH&mZ0ifudk odxm;zdk@vdkonf?

w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwDESifh csefau&Sdwf/ tar&duef/ qdkAD,uf ,leD,Hwdk@. qufqHa&;/qdkAD,uf ,leD,HESifh tar&duef/ csefau&Sdwfwdk@. qufqHa&;udpPrsm;onf/ owWruGefu&ufwGifarmfajymo!fh rdef@cGef;rsm;ESifh qufpyfaeonf? 1945 ck {+yDvwGif w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwDESifhwyfeDawmfonf trsdK;om; tiftm;pkwckr#om r[kwfawmh? EdkifiHwumvuQ%maqmifo!fh/tiftm;pk}uD;w&yfjzpfae+yD? ygwDwGif;Y armfonf oabmw&m;a&;t& atmifyGJ&ae+yD? armfpDwkef;tawG;tac:onf/ w&kwfuGefjrL epfygwD. vrf;!$efr_ jzpfae+yD? ygwD0if (1231128) &Sdae+yD?wyfeDawmftiftm; (910000) &Sdae+yD? jynfol@ppf (2299000) &Sdae+yD?

vkyf[efjyKjyifa&; v_yf&Sm;r_a=umifh ygwDonf/ pnf;&Hk;nD!GwfI pnf;urf;aooyfo!fhygwD jzpfae+yD? ppfwyftiftm;vnf; aumif;ae+yD? t&nftcsif;&Sdo!fh acgif;aqmifrsm;ESihfaus;vuf tawG@t}uHK&SdI/ udk,fusdK;riJhaom/ ygwDau'grsm;vnf; &Sdae+yD? ,iftef;.*k%fowif;onf/ w&kwfjynfwGifomru/ urBmodk@yif ysH@ES@ Hae+yD? ukefxkwfvkyfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_atmifjrifo!fhtwGuf ulrifwef tpdk;&. tusihfysufr_/ vmbfpm;r_/ &ufpufr_/aiGazmif;yGr_wdk@onf/ ydkI odomxif&Sm; vmonf? w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwDu a'ocHvlxkudk*&kpdkufonf? wnf+idrfo!fh pD;yGm;a&;ay:vpDrsm;udk usifhoHk;aeonf? wzufY csefau&Sdwftpdk;&onf/ pD;yGm;a&; t=uyftwnf;rsm;a=umifh *,drf;*,dkif jzpfaeonf? aus;vufvlxkonf/twd'kuQa&mufaeonf? w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwDu aus;vufvGwf ajrmuf+yD;/ a'owGifomru/w&kwfjynfw0Srf;wGif =oZmwufaeonf? w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwDonf/ csefau&Sdwfxufyifw&kwfjynfolrsm;udk/ udk,fpm;jyK Edkifonf[k/ xkdpOfu ,iftef;odk@ a&mufcJho!fh tar&dueftpdk;&avhvma&;tzGJ@ acgif;aqmif *|efaywef a';pD;ppfu ajymcJhonf?

Tatmifjrifr_rsm;udk &cJhjcif;rSm/ &JabmfarmfpDwkef;. acgif;aqmifr_a=umifh jzpfonf[kowWr uGefu&ufu twnfjyKonf? uGefu&ufu qGef,DuGefz&ihfudk todtrSwfjyK+yD;aemuf/ygwD. ,cifvrf;pOfrSm;rsm;udk a0zefoHk;oyfonf? usef;udk@axmif. ppfbk&if0g'ESif h0rfrif;ESifhcsefay&Sefwdk@. w&m;ao0g'udk &_wfcsa0zefcJhonf?

*syefckcH qef@usifa&;tqifh r+yD;qHk;ao;? xdk@a=umifh *syefckcHa&; ppftwGif;/ ygwDordkif;rSjy\emtcsdK@ESihf ywfoufI aumufcsufcsqGJxkwf&ef/ tcsdef,l&vdrfhOD;rnf[k armfuaxmufjycJhonf? TonfrSm armfuygwDwGif;wGif vkyf[efjyKjyifa&; v_yf&Sm;r_ atmifjrifcJho!fhwdkifvrf;pOfESpf&yf wdkufyGJonf/ tqHk;wdkif ra&mufao;[k owday;vdkufjcif; jzpfonf? ol@rdef@cGef;t+yD;/vufckyf=obm ay;=uolrsm;xJY wae@wGif ol@vrf;pOfudk jyefI qef@usifr!fholrsm;&Sdaeao;onfudkarmfjrifonf? armfonf tacsmiform;rsm;udk “teH@cH”&mwGif/ tvGefxufjrufonf[kajym=uonf? odk@&mwGif armfonf tacsmiform;[k teH@cH&&kHjzihf xdkvludk rwdkuf? olwdk@.


122

Zmwd&kyf bGm;bGm;ay:vmawmhrS wdkufonf? ol@ab;wGif v#dK@0if wG,fuyfaeo!fh/tacsmi form;rsm;ud k olodonf? od k @&mwGi f tcs de fra&mufao;? ygwDwGi f ;Yol@vrf;pOftxGwftxdyf atmifjrifr_udk &o!fhtcsdefuwnf;u/ a&S@wGif ygwDwGif;wdkufyGJrsm;udkwdkuf&OD;rnf[k armf jrifonf?

owWruGefu&uf usif;ycsdefwGif/ tar&duefESifh qdkAD,uf ,leD,Honf/ ppf+yD; urBm}uD;.tem*wftwGuf pDrHudef;awGqGJae=uonf? 1944 ck ZlvdkifvrSpI tar&duef tpdk;&u/,iftef;wGif avhvma&; rpf&Sifwckxm;jcif;/ / tar&duef t&m&Sdrsm;ESihf owif;pmq&mrsm;vma&mufjcif;wd k @a=umif h / w&kwfuGe f jrLepfygwDonf/ urBm h E d ki fi Ha&; ZmwfcH kwGi fta&;}uD;o!fhtcef;odk@ a&mufvmonf?

ykvJqdyfurf;udk *syef0ifwdkuf+yD;o!fhaemuf tar&dueftwGuf ta&;t}uD;qHk;rSmcsefau &Sdwfudk *syefckcHa&;ppfa=umif;xJ qGJoGif;xm;a&;jzpfonf? ppf+yD;umvwGif w&kwfudkol@t0dkif;t0ef;xJ wGif xm;&eftwGuf/ “EdkifiH}uDdd;”wEdkifiHtjzpf/ tar&duefu qufqHaeonf?w&kwfu ol@udk axmufcH&eftwGuf *syefodrf;xm;o!fh wdkif0rfonf/ w&kwf. e,fajr[ktar&duefu todtrSwf jyKonf? csefau&Sdwfuvnf; tar&duefudk axmufcHrnf[kqdkum/tar&duefxHrS aiG!Spfonf? *syefudk wdkufzdk@[kqdkum 1943 ckESpfwGif tar&duefxHrS a':vmoef;waxmif awmif;onf? pifppf *syefudk xdxda&mufa&muf udkifEd kifonf r[kwf?tar&dueftpdk;&onf/ csefau&Sdwfudk aiGxkwfacs;um csefau&Sdwf. ajcvSrf;udk apmihf=u!fhonf?1942 ckESpfrS 1943 ckESpftxd (2) ESpfwdkifwdkif csefau&Sdwf. *syefckcHa&; pGrf;&nfudk tuJcwfonf?odk@&mwGif *syefudk wdkuf&mY/ csefau&Sdwf. tpGrf;udk bmr# rawG@&? rjrif&? [email protected];ukdom =um;ae&onf? csefau&Sdwfu tar&duef owif;pm q&mrsm;tm;/,iftef;odk@oGm;cGifhrjy KyJ xm;aomfvnf;/ csHLuif;wGif &Sdo!fh/ uGefjrLepfwdk@. qufoG,fa&;rpf&SifrSwqifh uGefjrLepfwdk@. *syefckcHa&; ppfatmifyGJrsm;udk =um;ae&onf?

1944 ck *|efvwGif tar&duef 'k orw/ [ife&D a0gavhpf w&kwfjynfodk@a&mufvmonf? tar&duef orw &kpbJh. arwWm&yfcHcsufa=umihf csefau&Sdwfonf ,iftef;wGiftar&dueftpdk;& rpf&Sifwck xm;cGihfudk vdkufavsmvdkuf&onf? &kpbJhu “w&kwfjynf ajrmufydkif;ESihfrefcsL&D;,m;rS &efol *syefwdk@. owif;rsm;udk pkaqmif;&ef”[k ta=umif;jyonf? 1944ckESpfwGif *syefu t}uD;qHk;ESifh aemufqHk;ydwf xkd;ppf}uD;w&yf qifonf? csefau&Sdwfu ol@wyfawGudkqkwfay;um *syefxdk;ppfudk vrf;zGifhay;cJhonf?

csefau&Sdwf. wyfrsm;udk jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;&ef a&mufaeo!fh tar&duef AdkvfcsKyfpwD;0Jvfu TudpPwGif csefau&Sdwfudk qef@usifonf? csefau&Sdwfu qkwfay;ojzifh*syefxdk;ppfonf/ w&kwfjynf awmifydkif;u tar&duef avwyfpcef;rsm;udk +cdrf;ajcmufae+yD?tar&duefonf wyfr}uD; (30) pmr# zGJ@Edkifatmif csefau&Sdwfudk vufeufawG/ aiGawGyHkatmay;cJhonf? odk@&mwGif csefau&Sdwfu Tvufeufrsm;/ aiGrsm;udk *syefppfyGJwGif roHk;?olwu,fwdkufvdko!fh uGefjrLepf qef@usifa&; ppfyGJ twGuf oHk;&ef zJhI pkxm;onf? tar&duefuw&kwfjynfwGif avmavmq,f jynfwGif;ppf tjzpf rcHEdkifao;? ol@tzdk@ ypdzdwfu *syefppfyGJonf/ta&;}uD;aeonf? csefau&Sdwf *syefESifhaygif;oGm;rnfudk pdk;&drfonf? tar&duefu aiGESifhvufeuftultnDay;&ef jiif;qdkwdkif;/ csefau&Sdwfuvnf; *syefESifh aygif;r!fh[k [efjyum aiG!Spfonf?


123

'korw a0gavhpfESifh tar&duef owif;pmq&mrsm;. a0zefcsufrsm;a=umihfcsefau&Sdwf tkyfpdk;r_. ,dk,Gif;azmufjyefr_rsm; zHk;r&atmif ay:vmonf? 1944 ckESpfwGiftar&dueftpdk;&u tar&duef ppft&m&Sd (17) OD;ESihf EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xme tr_xrf;/ (2) OD; yg0ifo!fh/rpf&Sifwckudk ,iftef; odk@ v$wfonf? xdkrpf&Sifudk 'pfuUZDrpf&Sif[k ac:onf? 'pfuUZD avhvma&;rpf&Sifu/ ,iftef;rS uGefjrLepfwdk@. tiftm;/ pnf;&Hk;a&;ESifh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk yGifhvif;pGm/wduspGm/ tpD&ifcHpm a&;ykd@ onf? tzGJ@0ifrsm;onf aemifaomtcgwGif “teDvdkvm;olrsm;”[ktpGyfpGJcH&um &mxl;rS tjzKwfcHcJh =u&onf? tar&duefonf 1945 ck uwnf;u/ ppfat;wdkufyGJudkpaeonf?

,iftef;u w&kwfuGefjrLepfrsm;onf/ olwdk@. &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk 'pfuUZD avhvma&;rpf&Sif tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESihf owif;pmq&mrsm;udk yGifhyGihfvif;vif; xkwfajymcJh=uonf? ,iftef;wGif&SdpOfavhvma&;tzGJ@0ifrsm;onf aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;/ oifwef;rsm;/ ZwfcHkrsm;/ ppfpcef;rsm;udk oGm;=u!fhcJh=uonf? w&kwfuGefjrLepfrsm;onf/ vlxkxJwGif tjrpfwG,faeolrsm;jzpfa=umif; awG@cJh&onf?cse fau&S dwf . ppfom;rsm;u a&m*gxlajymonf? iwfonf? pnf;urf;r J honf?uGefjrLepfppfom;rsm;u ysdK&G,fonf tpm0vifonf? pnf;urf;&S donf? rGef&nfonf?csefau&Sdwf. t&m&Sdrsm;u b0ifjrifhonf? Zdrf ,pfonf? uGefjrLepf t&m&Sdrsm;u &dk;om;onf?+cdK;+cHonf? 1944 ckESpfY armfpDwkef;. vconf tar&duef (3) a':vmr#om&Sdonf?Tqef@usifbufrsm;udk awG@cJh&onf?

xdktawmtwGif; yufx&pf[mav w&kwfjynfodk@ a&mufvmonf? [mavonfcsefau &SdwfESihf tar&duef AdkvfcsKyf pwD;0Jvfwkd@ ESpfOD;=um; uGJvGJr_rsm;udk aphpyfay;&ef orw&kpbJhu v$wfvdkufol jzpfonf? [mavonf csefau&Sdwfbufudk ypfI axmufcHcJhonf? uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&; vkyf&ef aoG;xkd;ay;cJhonf? 1944 ck ZlvdkifvxJwGif ,iftef;odk@ a&mufaeo!fh'pfuUZD avhvma&; rpf&Sifu uGefjrLepf wyfrsm;ESihf csefau&Sdwfwyfrsm;udk AdkvfcsKyf pwD;0Jvf.uGyfuJr_atmufwGif aygif;ay;&ef/ orw &kpbJhodk@ t}uHay;cJhonf? 'korw a0ghavhpfuvnf;csefau&Sdwftm; uGefjrLepfrsm;ESihf aygif;I/ !$ef@ aygif; tpdk;&wckzGJ@&ef t}uHay;cJhonf[k qdkonf?uGefjrLepfrsm;uvnf; 'Drdkua&pD orwEdkifiH wck wnfaxmif&ef a=uG;a=umfcJhonf? odk@&mwGifuGefjrLepfwdk@vdkvm;o!fh tpdk;&tzGJ@onf csefau&Sdwf vkdcsifo!fh tpdk;&tzGJ@rsdK;r[kwf?uGefjrLepfwdk@u csefau&Sdwf. ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk zsufodrf;csif onf? wygwD tm%m&Sifpepfudk !$ef@aygif;tpdk;&jzifh tpm;xdk;csifonf? csefau&Sdwfu TtjzpfrsdK;udk vufrcH? TwGif[mavonf ,iftef;udk txif}uD;o!fh AdkvfcsKyf pwD;0Jvfudk w&kwfjynfrS yxkwf vdkufonf?tar&duef oHtrwf a0gavhpfvnf; E_wfxGufoGm;onf? [mavonf tar&duefoHtrwfjzpfvmum csefau&SdwfESifh uGefjrLepfrsm;udk jyefaygif;xkwfay;&ef }ud K;pm;onf?

odk@&mwGif [mavonf rEd kifo!fh 0efudk csD jcif;jzpfonf? “rdrd rodaomjy\emyHk}uD;xJwGif prf;w0g;0g; vkyfaeol wOD;. oem;zG,ftjzpf [k [mav. aqmif&Gufcsufudktar&duef owif;pm q&m oD,dk'dk0_dufu a&;onf? pifppf [mavonf w&kwfjynfta=umif;udkvnf; aumif;aumif;rod? rsufaphr_efvGef;ojzifh pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udkvnf; rzwf/rSwfpkrSwfwrf; jzifhvnf; tvkyfrvkyf? vuf atmufi,fom;udk qJa&;wdkif;xGmum ol@oabmESifholxif&mpdkif;onf? Tr#avmufqdkv#if udpP r&Sdao;? xdk@xufqdk;onfrSm [mavonf ,iftef;&Sd


124

tar&duef avhvma&;tzG J @0ifrsm;ud kvnf; “teDvk dvm;ol” awG[k }udrf;armif;umolxif&molvkyfjcif; jzpfonf?

xdkESpf Edk0ifbmv (7) &ufae@wGif [mavonf bmrajym nmrajymjzifh ,iftef;odk@+AH K; pm;}uD; aygufvmonf? [mavonf uGefjrLepfawG txif}uD;atmif &ifywfwGifolwdkufcJhzl;o!fh ppfyGJrsm;rS a&$wHqdyfrsm;udk tukefwyfqifvmonf? csLtifvdkif;u armfudkoGm;ac:um/ avqdyfodk@ qif;=uonf? olonf ruUqDudk tpdk;&ESifh aphpyf&ef/ a&eHukr`%Dwckua':vmwoef;ay; Xm;cJhzl;o!fh aphpyfa&;orm; jzpfonf? ol aphpyfv#if rkcs atmif&rnf[kvnf;tar&duef avhvma&;tzGJ@0ifrsm; a&S@wGif =uGm;vHk; xkwfvdkufao;onf?

[mavonf ,iftef;wGif ESpf&uf aeonf?xdkESpf&uftwGif; [mavonf/ ulrifwefESifh wdkifyifI/ a&;cJhaom tcsuf ig;csufyg

tqdk jyKcsuf wckudk armfxH wifonf? armfu aphpyfaqG;aEG;&ef jiif;y,faeolrSm rdrdwdk@ r[kwf?ulrifwef rsm;om jzpfonf[k qdkum/ [mav. tqdkudk yg,fcsvdkufonf? uGefjrLepfygwDu!$ef@aygif; tpdk;& w&yf zGJ@&ef/ t}udrfaygif;rsm;pGm urf;vSrf;cJha=umif;/ odk@&mwGif ulrifwefygwDonf/ol@udk,fol yxr qHk; jy K jyifajymif;vJ&rnf[k wifjycJha=umif;/ csefau&Sdwfonf ol@ygwDudkjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;&ef rvdkvm; a=umif;jzifh armfu ajymjyonf? csefau&Sdwfonf ol. taumif;qHk;ppfwyfrsm;udk uGefjrLepfwdk@tm; ydwfqdk@&ef toHk;jy KcJha=umif;jzifhvnf; armfu [mavudkajymjyonf?

[mavonf armf. pum;rsm;udk em;axmif+yD;aemuf awGoGm;onf? xdk@aemufol@zgomol tqdkjyKcsufw&yf a&;onf? armfESihftwl vufrSwfxdk;um xdktqdkjy Kcsufudk ,lI/csLHuif;&Sd csefau&Sdwf xH jyefoGm;onf? csLtifvdkif;vnf; ygoGm;onf? Ttqdkjy Kcsufonfw&m;r#wonf[kvnf; [mav ud k,fwd ki f yg;py fu xkwfajymonf? od k @&mwGi fcsefau&SdwfuvufrcH? okd@jzihf [mavonf ,iftef;odk@ aemufwacguf jyefvmum/ csefau&Sdwf.xyfrHtqdkjyKcsufudk ,lvmjyefonf? odk@&mwGif bmr# topftqef;ryg? csefau&Sdwf.tm%m&Sifpepf wnfwef@cdkif+rJa&;udkom &nf&G,fonf? [mavuvnf; csefau&Sdwf.uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;udk rodrom axmufcHae&mrS ajAmif axmufcH vmonf?

csefau&Sdwf.tqdkudk armfu y,fcsvdkufo!fhtcgwGif csefau&Sdwfonf aemuftqdkwckwifjyefonf? “uGefjrLepfudk trsdK;om; ppfaumifpDwGif &mxl;}uD;}uD; wae&m ay;rnf”[kurf;vSrf;onf? [mavu csefau&Sdwf. urf;vSrf;csufudk vufcH&ef/ csKHuif;wGif &Sdo!fh/uGefjrLepfudk,fpm;vS,f csLtifvdkif;udk qG,fonf? tar&duef oHudk,fpm;vS,f tzGJ@0if/ bm;&ufu,iftef;odk@ oGm;um/ armfudk em;csonf? 1944 ck 'DZifbm (10) &ufae@wGif armfESifhbm;&ufwdk@awG@qHkaomtcg/ awG@qHkyGJ tajctae raumif;/ wif;rmvmonf? uGefjrLepfrsm;ESihfcsHKuif;&Sd tar&duef tpdk;& udk,fpm;vnfrsm; onf wav#mufvHk; qufqHa&;aumif;cJhonf?uGefjrLepfwdk@ wifjyaom !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&rludk w&m;onf r#wonf[k olwdk@yif axmufcHcJhonf?,ckrnfodk@enf;? csefau&Sdwf. rludk vufcH&ef/ em;csae=u +yD? armfonf “ck pmav;ausmf-ckqDxrif;” vkyfo!fh tar&duefudk,fpm;vnfrsm;udk a'gyGonf? csef au&Sdwfudkvnf; usdefqJonf?

“u|efawmfwdk@udk wifjywJh csefau&Sdwf&J@ rloHk;csufxJrSm t"du tusqHk;uawmh/


125uGefjrLepf wyfawGudk trsdK;om;ppfaumifpDatmufrSm oGwfoGif;+yD; jyefzGJ@&r,fqdkwJhtcsufyJ”[k armfu bm;&ufudk ajymonf? “t"dyg,fuawmh u|efawmfwdk@ wyftm;vHk;udk csefau&Sdwfuol@vufatmufxm;&r,fvdk@ qdkvdkwmyJ?---'gudkom vufcHvdkuf&if ol@vufckyfxJua&jzpfoGm;rSmaygh? 'g[m vufeufcswmeJh twlwlyJ? vufeufcswJhtwGuf trsdK;om;ppfaumifpDrSmae&m wae&m &r,f? wae&m&awmhaum bmvky fr SmvJ?” tar& duefE Si h fyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvdkv#if/ csefau&Sdwf. pnf;urf;csufrsm;udk vufcH& rnf[kvnf;/ csKHuif;wGif&Sdo!fh csLtifvdkif;udk [mavu txufpD;jzifh &dkif;pdkif;pGm ajymcJhonf?

“pnf;urf;csufawGudk vufcH&r,fomajym+yD;/ [mav[m u|efawmfwdk@&J@ vHk+cHKa&;twGuf bmrS tmrcHcsuf ray;bl;? u|efawmf[m csefau&Sdwf&J@ pum;udk r,HkEdkifbl;?w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwDESif h ulrifwefygwDwdk@&J@ qufqHa&;ordkif;udk ,xmblwmususavhvmzl;olwdkif; csefau&Sdwftay: u|efawmfwdk@ ,Hk=unfEdkifp&mr&Sdbl;qdkwm aumif;aumif;odw,f” [k armfu ajymonf?

armf pdwfqdk;ae+yD? odk@&mwGif pum;ajymaomtcgY armfonf csKyfwnf;um pum;vHk;udka&G;I ajymonf? [mav ,iftef;odk@a&mufvmonf? uGefjrLepfwdk@u !Gef@aygif;tpdk&zGJ@&ef rlig;csuf wifonf? [mavu xdkrludk w&m;r#wonfqdkum/ vufrSwfyif xdk;cJhao;onf/ ,ckt&uf (30) t=umwGif xkdolonf csefau&Sdwf. wefjyeftqdkudk ,lvmum vufcH&efuGefjrLepfwdk@udk wdkufwGef; aejyefonf? uGefjrLepfwdk@u tar&dueftpdk;& udk,fpm;vS,f tjyKtrlonf/ opPmazmuf tjy Ktrl jzpfonf[k ajymvdkufonf?

!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ zGJ@v#if rdrdwdk@yg0ifrnf[k armfu r=uc% ajymcJhonf?jzpfyGm;tHhqJqJ jynfwGif;ppf}uD;udk a&SmifuGif;vdkonf? “ppfudk wae@r#yif rwdkufcsif ”[k armfuajymcJhonf? odk@&mwGif csefau&SdwfESifh ra&SmifrvGJom ppfjzpf&awmhrnf? tar&duefonfcsefau&Sdwfudk axmufcHvdrfhrnf[karmf odonf?

“[mav [m--w&kwfjynf uGefjrLepfygwDu wifjywJh ulrifweftm%m&Sifpepfudkzsufodrf;+yD; 'Drdkua&pD !Gef@aygif;tpdk;& wnfaxmifa&; pDrHudef;udk oabmwlcJhzl;w,f? 'gayrJhaemufawmh [mav[m csufcsif; uwdzsuf+yD;/ ,iftef;rSm olajymcJ hwJ h pum;awGudkjyefrsdKcsvdkufw,f? 'gudk {+yDv (2) &ufae@u 0g&Sifwef+rd K@rSm [mavxkwfjyefcJhwJh ausnmcsufutxif;om; az: jyw,f? tJ'D tcsdefrSmyJ 'D[mav&J@ yg;pyfaygufxJu xGufvmwJh ajymqdkcsuft&csefau&Sdwf udk,fpm;jy KwJh ulrifweftpdk;&[m rif;om;av; jzpfoGm;+yD;/ w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwD[mbD;vlobuf jzpfoGm;w,f?--tar&dueftpdk;&[m [mav&J@ ay:vpDrsdK;udk rajymif;yJ/qufvufusifhoHk;oGm;r,fqdk&if tar&duef tpdk;&&J@ jynfolrsm;tzdk@ twdkif;rod }uD;av;wJh0efxkyf0efydk;rsm;udk aqmif=uOf;vm+yD;/ tawmrowf ab;'kuQawG awG@vm&vdrfhr,f” [k armfuowday;cJhonf? ( “[mav ay:vpD. tEW&m,fESifh ywfoufI a0zefcsuf” vufa&G;pifusrf;twGJ 3)

odk@&mwGif tar&duefoHtrwf [mavonf “w&kwfjynf&Sd tiftm;pkrsm;udkaygif;pnf;Edkif&ef ”}ud K;pm;+rJ }ud K;pm;vsuf&Sdonf? ol “aygif;pnf;a&;” rSm w&kwfjynf&Sdtiftm;pkrsm; tm;vHk;udk csefau&Sdwf. ajcz0g;atmufwGif oGwfoGif;xm;o!fh “aygif;pnf;a&;”jzpfonf? [mav tzdk@ w&kwfjynf onf csefau&Sdwf/ csefau&Sdwfonf w&kwfjynf jzpfaeonf?csefau&SdwfatmufwGif w&kwfjynfolrsm; rnfodk@aexdkif&onfudk [mav rod? [mavonf


126

}uD;us,fcrf;em;o!f h p Htdrf }uD;wGif wOD;wnf;ae um csefau&S dwf wnfcif;o!f h /npmpm;yG J }uD;rsm;wGif tcsdefukefaeonf? csefau&Sdwf. t}uHay;t&m&S d rsm;rStytjcm;rnfolESifhr#vnf; rawG@/ rnfol@t}uH Om%fudkrSvnf; r,lawmh?

1945 ck Zefe0g&DvY [mavpdwful;wck &jyefonf? csefau&SdwfESifh aqG;aEG;aphpyf&efw&kwfuGefjrLepfrsm;udk pwmvifrSwqihf zdtm;ay;oihfonf[k [mav oabm&onf? xdk@a=umihf[mavonf &k&Sm;rsm;ESihf aqG;aEG;onf? &k&Sm;rsm;. oabmxm;udk wD;acguf=u!fhonf?&k&Sm;rsm;ESifh pum;ajym+yD;aemuf “&k&Sm;rsm;onf w&kwfuGefjrLepfrsm;udk txif}uD;jcif;r&Sd”[k[mavu ol@bmom aumufcsufcsonf? xdk@a=umihf pwmvifESifh csefau&Sdwf=um;wGifoabmwlnDcsufwck csKyfqdkEdkifv#if armfonf tvdkvdk ab;a&mufoGm;rnf? pwmvifESihfcsefau&Sdwfwdk@t=um; cspf=unfa&;pmcsKyfwck csKyfEdkifv#if armf. &GufavSonf av&awmhrnfr[kwf? a&pkefarsmawmhrnf[k [mav wGufonf? TwGif [mavonf xdkpmcsKyfrsdK;udkvdkvm;onf? xdkr#ru csefau&Sdwfonf w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwD wGif; wdkufyGJ owif;rsm;udk/t+rJavhvmonf? w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwDwGif;u armf qef@usifa&;tpk. tvm;tvmudkcef@rSef;onf?

odk@&mwGif xdktcsdefY tar&duefjynfaxmifpktzdk@ ppfy&d,m,f ajymif;p&m udpPrsm;ay:vmonf? ypdzdwf ppfyGJY tar&duefwyfrsm;. “u|ef;pkrsm;udk ckeful; ” odrf;ydkufo!fhenf;y&d,m,f onf atmifjrifaeonf? tEkjrLAHk;udk ydkifvmonf? odk@jzifh *syefudkt+yD;owfwdkufa&;wGif w&kwf ppfwyfrsm;. tcef;ESifh tajccHpcef; tjzpf&Sdaeaom/ w&kwfjynf.tcef;onf/ tvdkvdk av#musoGm; onf? ,cifuavmuf ta&;rygawmhyJ/ jzpfoGm;onf?xdkr#ru ppf+yD;umv EdkifiHa&;wGif urBm@ tiftm;pkrsm; !Sda&;Y/ tar&duefESihf &k&Sm;[email protected];onf/ t"dujzpfvmonf? xdk@a=umihf tar&duefonf &k&Sm;ESifh !Sdzdk@vdkvmonf?tar&duefonf w&kwfjynf}uD;udk aps;uGuftjzpf qufxdrf; xm;csifonf? TwGif tar&duefESifh&k&Sm;wdk@ a,mfvfwm uGefz&ifhwGif !Sd=uonf?

“w&kwfeDESifh ywfoufo!fh rSwfpk taxGaxG” qdko!fh pmtkyfwGif t*~gpEdk;u&kpbJh. w&kwfjynf oabmxm;udk t&dyftjrGuf azmfjyxm;onf? tar&duef orw &kpbJhruG,fvGefrDuav; wGif awG@qHk&mY/ &kpbJhu w&kwfjynfwGif w&m;0if tpdk;&tzGJ@ESpfzGJ@&SdvmEdkifo!fh/ t"dy`g,frsdK; ajymvdkufonf[k t*~gpEdk;u a&;cJhonf? Todk@jzifh tar&duefonfrlvu ulrifwefESihf uGefjrLepfwdk@ =um;wGif jzefajzoltjzpfrS pGufzufolb0odk@ a&mufvmonf?w&kwfjynfESifh ywfoufo!fh tar&duef EdkifiHjcm;a&;0g'onf Tenf;jzifh &kyfvHk;ay:vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf?

1945 ckESpfwGif &kpbJh/ pwmvifESifh csmcsDwdk@ a,mfvfwm uGefz&ifhudk usif;yaecsdefwGifw&kwfuGefjrLepfygwDu owWruGefu&ufudk usif;y&ef jyifaeonf? armfonf a,mfvfwm uGefz&ihf.ta&;ygyHkudk owdjy KrdyHk&onf? a,mfvfwm uGefz&ifhodk@ csefau&Sdwftm; zdwf=um;jcif; r&Sdo!fhtcsufESihf w&kwfe,fajrESifh ywfoufo!fh tydk'frsm; yg0ifaejcif;wdk@udk armfowdjy KrdyHk&onf?

a,mfvfwmwGif &kpbJhu *syefudk ppfausnm&ef pwmvifudk wdkufwGef;onf? TwGifpwmvifu w&kwfe,fajray:wGif&Sd ydk@tmomESifh a';&if; qdyfurf;rsm;udk &k&Sm;odk@ iSm;&r!fhjyif/rGef*dkvD,m;udk ydkae+rJ/ usm;ae+rJ todtrSwfjyK&rnf? odk@rSom *syefudk ppfausnmEdkifrnf[k


127

awmif; onf? tar&duefwdk@u pum;vHk; tenf;i,fajymif;um/ pwmvif. awmif;qdkcsufudkoabmwlvdkuf onf? csefau&Sdwfuvnf; oabmwlvdkufonf?

a,mfvfwm uGefz&ihf+yD;I (2) v t=umwGif &kpbJh uG,fvGefonf? xdktcsdefY ppfat;wdkufyGJ pae+yD? a,mfvfwm uGefz&ihfwGif oabmwlcJho!fh tcsdK@ tcsufrsm;udkvnf; tar&duefuajymif;ypfvdkufonf? tar&duefvufwGif tEkjrLAHk; &Sdae+yD? xdk@a=umihf urBm@a&;&mrsm;wGif&k&Sm;ESihf !Sdzdk@ rvdkawmh? wudk,fawmf pcef;oGm;Edkif+yD? tar&duefwGif uGefjrLepf qef@usifa&;udkwGifwGif}uD; 0g'jzifh pjyKvmonf?

w&kwf jynfE Si h f ywfoufIrl [mavu ulrifwefE Si h f h uGe f jrLepfwd k @ud kaphpyfay;vdkao;onf? “aygif;pnf;”apvdkao;onf? odk@&mwGif [mav. aygif;pnf;enf;rSmrajymif;vJ? csefau&Sdwf ajcz0g; atmufwGif aygif;pnf;enf; jzpfonf? tar&duef. ay:vpDonfw&kwfjynfwGif csefau&Sdwf}uD; pdk;r_udk xdef;odrf;xm;&efjzpfonf[kyif [mavu ajAmifausnmonf?csefau&Sdwfatmufodk@ 0ifvm atmif w&kwfuGefjrLepfrsm;udk “zdwGef;” ay;&rnf[k qdkonf?[mav. wGufudef;t& w&kwfjynfwGif tar&duef tusdK;pD;yGm;udk umuG,fr!fholrSm armfacgif;aqmifo!fh jynfcspftpdk;&r[kwf? csefau&Sdwf om jzpfonf? w&kwfjynfwGif csefau&Sdwfudkwifxm;+yD; xkdaps;uGuf}uD;udk rdrdwdk@ tusdK;twGuf toHk;cs csifonf? xdk@a=umihfyifppfr+yD;cifuwnf;u tar&duef t&if;&Sif ukr`%D}uD;rsm;. udk,fpm;vnfrsm;onfav,mOfysHw0D0Djzihf 0ifvdkufxGufvdkuf vkyfae=uonf?

1945 ck azazmf0g&DvwGif [mavonf 0g&Sifwefodk@ jyefoGm;um/ csefau&Sdwfudkvufeuf axmufyHh&rnf[k ajymcJhonf? “teDvdkvm;ol ”[k [mavorkwfjcif;udk cHcJh&oltar&duef avhvma&; rpf&SiftzGJ@0if *|efqm;Apfu “ [mav 'kAdkvfcsKyf a0'DrD[mESihfa&wyfAdkvfcsKyfrdkif;vfwdk@onf w&kwfjynfppfa&; jy\emrsm;udk tylwjyif; aqG;aEG;cJh=uonf? 4if;wdk@uw&kwfuGefjrLepf ‘olykef’ wdk@udkcsefau&Sdwf tm; enf;enf;yg;yg; tultnDay;I/ ESdrfeif;cdkif;v#if atmifjrifrnf[k ,lq=uonf” [k a&;cJhonf? a&wyfAdkvfcsKyf rdkif;vfonf aemifwGif w&kwfjynfodk@ a&mufvmum csefau&Sdwf.v#dK@0Sufykvdyfrif;}uD; wdkifvDESihfwGJI/ uGefjrLepfrsm;udk owfjzwfcJhonf?

1945 ck {+yDv w&ufae@wGif ,iftef;odk@ a&mufaeo!fh tar&duef avhvma&;tzGJ@0if*|efqm;Apfonf armfESihf wwd,t}udrf awG@qHkonf? xdktcsdefrSm ygwDu owWruGefu&ufrwdkifrSD uav; jzpfonf? w&kwfjynfolrsm;ESihf tar&duefjynfolrsm;onf wOD;udkwOD; pmemaomtpOftvm &SdcJha=umif;/ ppf+yD; w&kwfjynf. pD;yGm;a&;udk wdk;wufatmif vkyf&ef vkda=umif;wdk@a=umihftar&duefESih f w&kwfjynfolrsm;=um;wGif yÉ dyuQrsm;/ txifvGJr_rsm; r&S dvk da=umif;/tar&duefrsm;onf/ ulrifwef uGefjrLepf jy\emrsm;udk aumif;pGm em;vnf[efrwl=ua=umif;/ulrifwef uGefjrLepf jy\emonf EdkifiHa&;ygwDESpf&yf. omref&efyGJrsdK;/ twdkuftcHjzpfr_rsdK;r[kwfa=umif;/ ppfa&;xdyfwdkuf jzpfr_rsdK; jzpfa=umif;/ uGefjrLepfrsm;u vufeufpGef@vdkufygu/csefau&Sdwfonf uGefjrLepfrsm;udk tpkvdkuf owfjzwf&ef vufaES;vdrfhrnf r[kwfa=umif;jzihf armfuajymjyonf?

rdrdwdk@ w&kwfjynfolrsm;onf tar&duefjynfolrsm;ESihf vufwGJI/ *syefudk ckcHwdkufcdkufvdk


128

jrefrmedkifiH&Jh trsdK;om;acgif;aqmif}uD;AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; tygt0if tmZmenfyk*~dKvf}uD;9 OD;wdk@[m wdkif;jynfwm0efudkxrf;aqmif&if; vufeufudkif t=urf;zuform;awG&Jhvkyf}uHr_a=umifh1947 ck Zlvdkifv 19 &ufae@rSm toufqHk;&_H;cJh&ygw,f//xdkodk h acgif;aqmifrsm; vkyf}uHcH&aomae@udk jrefrmedkifiHom;taygif;wdk hu wnDwnGwfwnf; *k%fjyKum tmZmenfae@[k owfrSwfcJh=uygw,f? ,ae@usa&mufwJh 64 eSpfajrmuf tmZmenfae@ tcrf;tem;udk trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ hcsKyf(vGwfajrmufe,fajr) *syefXmecGJrS OD;pD;usif;yum*syefa&muf jrefrmedkifiHom;rsm;eSifh tzGJ@tpnftoD;oD;rS jrefrmedkifiHom;rsm;u shinnagawa (tokyo) &Sd ppftcGef&Hk;a&S @wGif usif;yumusqHk;avjyD;aomtmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;tm;vGrf;ol hyef;acGrsm;jzifh *g0&jyKOD;nGwftav;jyKcJ@=uygonf?owif;// // tvif;tdrf "gwfyHk// // at;odkuf


129

*syefa&muf jrefrmh'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkrsm;taejzifh 2010 a&G;aumufyGJonf jrefrmedkifiHYppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDay:xGef;a&;twGuf azmfaqmifay;rnfhtpm; ppfwyfu edkifiHa&;wGif vuf0g;}uD;tkyfcsK,fvS,fcGif hudk w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyK&efazmfaqmifrnhfa&G;aumufyGJjzpfonhftwGufqefhusifuefhuGufxm;onf? a&G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifumtedkif&ygwDrsm;tm; *syefodk@vma&muf&ef *syeftpdk;&uzdwfac: jcif;onf 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk todtrSwfjyKovdkjzpfonhftwGuf jyif;xefpGm uef@uGuf&ef txl;vdktyfayonf?

*syeftpdk;&. tqdkyg vkyf&yftm; qefhusifuefhuGufajumif; azmfxkwf jyor_tjzpfpkaygif;/pDwef;vSnfhvnf qENjyyGJudk jrefrmedkifiH 'Drdkua&pD uGef,uf(*syef) NDB (japan) OD;pD;I,ae@Zlvdkifv 11&ufae@ wevFmae@ mikawadai yef;jcHwGif aehvnf 1em&DcGJ pkIae@vnf 2 em&DwGiftcrf;tem;pum *syef edkifiHjcm;a&;0efjuD;Xme&Hk;ta&ShjzwfI Hibiya yef;jcHtxd pDwef;vSnfhvnfqENjycJhju&m *syefa&muf jrefrmedkifiHom; ta,muf (200) cef@wufa&mufcJh=uygonf?


130

7 / 7 / 2011 ae@wGif 49 ESpfajrmuf 7 Zlvdkif0rf;enf;jcif; txdrf;trSwf tcrf;tem;udkjrefrmppftcGef&Hk;a&S hwGif*syefa&mufjrefrmhta&;v_yf&Sm;olrsm;rS usif;ypOf//owif;// // tvif;tdrf "gwfyHk // // &Jjrifhatmif


131

(7) aevif;atmif / cifcifav;

(8) wifarmifudk

(9) oJ;vGifOD;

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; tm;

ulnDaxmufyHhay;aom

wdk htm; tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; &Jabmfrsm;rS

rSwfwrf;wif *k%fjyKtyfygonf//

(1) bdkbdkouf

(2) &Jrif;0if;

(3) ausmfxGef;Edkif

(4) cdkifOD;i,f

(5) 0if;bdkbdk

(6) pdkif;yef;armif


132

e-mail vdyfpm - vdyfpm - vdyfpm - vdyfpm - vdyfpm - [email protected]

web vdyfpm - vdyfpm - vdyfpm - vdyfpm - vdyfpm - http://alineain.net/

http://luminarymagazine.wordpress.com/

http://alinneain.blogspot.com/

tvif;tdrf wm0efcH&J+idrf;

ta0;&muf t,f'DwmaZmfaZmfatmif (t*Fvef)

ABFSU (88)rsKd;quf

t,f'DwmaZmfaZmfEkdif / rif;rif;odef;

rsKd;jrifhatmif

tr_aqmift,f'DwmcifarmifaZmf /Anm;b&kdif,efuif;

xGef;+idrf; / tHharmf /

ausmfrkd;Ekdif / rcdkif=unf0if;

pmpDpm&dkufausmfxGÉf0if; / pnfoljrifh

aZmfrsKd; / [def;rif;

jynf+zdK;&J / L-NOORA

jynfwGif;jynfy jzef hcsda&; jr0if;pdk; / atmif=unf

ausmfjrifhxGef; / ausmfol&ausmfcdkif0if; / wifEdkif / jrihfOD; /

wifrif;Edkif / ELEJAH

yef;csDo&kyfazmfxDvm

ausmfvif;xGÉfatmifcif

tvitvitvitvitvi f;tdrf odk hqufoG,f&eff;tdrf odk hqufoG,f&eff;tdrf odk hqufoG,f&eff;tdrf odk hqufoG,f&eff;tdrf odk hqufoG,f&efPOST 169-0075

TOKYO TO, SHINJUKU-KU

TAKADANOBABA,3-7-10

303,HIGARI BLD

TEL - FAX 03 - 6313 - 4178

Japan.

TEL

080-5070-0080

080-3574-9700

090-9954-5070

090-6528-9292

090-7198-4763

b¾ma&;atmifaZ,smndK / xGef;xGef;0if;

rEkEka0 / atmifrsdK;rif; jrwfausmfol

&Hk;tzGJ h=unfwkd; / aeatmifausmftm;opfrGef / [efaZmf0if;

jrihfudk / r0if;oE Wmatmif

Web Site / owif; ESifh rD'D,mat;okduf / &Jjrifhatmif

rsdK;apm / cdkifvif;rsdK;ausmfodef; / ausmfrsdK;xGef;

rvJhvJh0if;udk

pmtkyfcsKyfvkyfa&;aX;0if; / at;aZmfjrifh

0if;Edkif(vifydk&if)(Ibaraki) 0if;Edkif (yef;yJwef;)


133

အလင္းအိမ္မဂၢဇင္း အတြဲ (၅) အမွတ္ (၅)

Documents

Transcript of အလင္းအိမ္မဂၢဇင္း အတြဲ (၅) အမွတ္ (၅)