အလင္းအိမ္မဂၢဇင္း အတြဲ (၅) အမွတ္ (၈)

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11111 tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(8)

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urmykvJ05/ 10/ 2011?

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xl;wifhatmufwdkbm / 21 / 2011

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rif;wm&m09 / 30 / 2011

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23


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26


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aemufwpfckjzpfedkifajc&dSwmu omoemudk axmufyHHhae=uwJh 'um 'umrrsm;[momoemudk ynmeJho'<g bufrSspGmxm;jyD; udk;uG,fqnf;uyfedkifwJh pGrf;&nfrsm;enf;aewmudkawGh&w,f? 'D=um;xJ twW rmeawGutpGef;xGufaeawmh udk;uG,frSkrsm;rSmvJ tpGef;xGufaewmudkawGh&w,f? eJeJav;&Sif;jyyg&ap?

trsm;pk[m omoemudk udk;uG,fwJhae&mrSm oHCmudk udk;uG,fjcif;rdks;xuf q&mudkudk;uG,f=uwmrsm;w,f? ”yk*~d kvfcifrS w&m;rifw,f” ”yk*~d kvf=udkufrS w&m;qdkufw,f”jzpfae=uw,f? yk*~dkvfudk;uG,frSkeJh oHCmudk; uG,frSk a&maxG;ae=uw,f? 'ga=umifh a&S;q&mawmf=uD;u ”oHCmudk q&muG,fw,ff” vdkh qdkrdefhcJh=uw,f?

vSlwJhwef;wJhtcg/ oHCdu'gerdks; oufa&mufatmif vSl'gef;wwfol ta&twGufuenf;enf;vmw,f? twWpGe f; / rmeawGpGe f;xGufaeolrsm;qd k&if &[ef;oHCmrsm;ud kudk;uG,f=uwJhtcgrSm rdrdpdwfxm;eJhwlwJh &[ef; oHCmrdks;rS/ rdrdt=udkufudk rSefonfjzpfap/rSm;onfjzpfap rdrdbufuvdkufjyD; ajymqdkwwfwJh &[ef;oHCmrdks;rS vSlcsif/ 'gef;csif=uwm?olwdk hpdwfeJh xyfwlxyfrSs rusedkifawmhwJh&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;qdk&ifawmh bdkif hbdkifyJaygh?omoemrsufe Smud k =unf hwwfolu tawmfud k& Sm;vmjy Dvd k hq d k&r Smy J ? ' DxJr Smpnf;&Hk;a&;tm;aumif;ol/ aiGa=u; "etxdkuftavSsmuf jynfhpHkoljzpfaecJhr,fqdk&if udk,fpGrf;jyedkifzdkhausmif;opfwnfaxmifay;wmrdks;wdk h / pnf;&H k; ay;wmrdks;wdk h / wzufom;&J h*k%foduQmudkacszsufwmrdks;wdkhudk pwifjykvkyf=uawmhwm?

'ga=umifhvJ jrefrmedkifiHrSm tdrfomom&dSwJh ausmif;i,fav;awG/ rdSkvdkaygufaewm?

27


pdwf0ifpm;zdkhaumif;w,f? tudks;quf taeeJh 'DtawG;tac:awGu jynfolawGeJhtwl edkifiHjcm;udkygvmw,f?

b,foludkrS tjypfwifaejcif; r[kwfyg? wpfpdwfwpfydkif;xif[yfaewJh jrefrmvlrdks;wdkh&Jhpdwf"mwfudk odapcsifvdkhyg? 'DvdktawG; tac:rdks;awG&dSaeygvSsuf wcdkshjrefrmawGu (tar&durSm&dSwJhjrefrmawGu) jrefrmausmif;awGudk tjcm; vlrdks;rsm; (xdkif;/ uar?'D,m;ponf)&Jh ausmif;=uD;awGeJhedSkif;cdkif;jyD; ajymcsif=uw,f? jrefrmawG&Jh pdwf"mwfawG rjykjyifedkifao;orSsumvywfvHk; ”,SOfrwkeJh&Sufp&m” vdkhom qdkvdkufcsifyg&Jh?

aemufwpfckjzpfedkifajc&dSao;wmu 'um 'umrtrsm;pk[m emrnf=uD;/ bkef;=uD;/tacGst&H=uD;rS udk;uG,fcsif=uwm/ vSl'gef;csif=uwm? aA'if,=umrsm;wwfxm;&if ydkjyD;awmifoabmuswwf=uwm? usrf;*efrsm;rSm *k%feJhausmf=um;rSkudk tav;jykjyD; udk;uG,fwwfwJhOD;a&yrm% (aCmoyrm%) [m ig;yHk yHk&if av;yHk&dSw,fvdkh az: jyxm;vdkh jrefrmwdkh udk;uG,fwJhenf;upmeJhayeJhnDaew,fvdkhyJ ajym&avrvm;rod? pdwf0i f pm;zdkhaumi f;w,f?

'um 'umrrsm;u *k%f&dSrS udk;uG,fcsif=uwmqdkawmh wpfcdksh&[ef; oHCmawmfrsm;[m*k%f&dSa&;udk oJoJrJrJ tm;xkwf=uawmhw,f? wpfcdks h'um 'umrrsm;[m o'<gom&dSjyD;/ynmutm;enf; aeawmh a,musmf;rSef&if ”?;” wyfvdk h&wJh *k%fyk'frd ks;eJ h tvm;wlwJh/&[ef;awmfrSef&if bJGh&Jha&ShrSm wyfvdkh&wJh ”b'NeW” qdkwJh *k%fyk'fudk wpf*k%fwpfcJ=uD;xifae=uw,f?'ga=umifh ”b'NeW”ygw,fqdk&ifyJ wu,fh*&dwf=uD; xifjyD; =unfndkvdkhrqHk;/ tr$ef;wifvdkhrqHk;?

'Dta&;awG;udk jrifawmfrlwJhbk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfjrwf=uD;u &[ef;awmfrsm;udk”r&ao;wJh w&m;xl;/ w&m;jrwfrsm;udk rdrdrSm &xm;jyDvdkh 0g=uGm;ajymqdk&if yg&mZdu? &xm;wJhw&m;xl;/ w&m;jrwfrsm;udkyif vlomra%wdkhtm; ajym=um;&if ygpdwftmywfoifhap” vdkhynwfawmf rlcJh&wm? omoemudk apmifha&Smufedkifzdkh ynwfawmfrlcJhwmyg? tem*wfudk =udkwifjrifawmfrlwJh jrwfpGm bk&m;yg? udk,fhtusKd;&Sdzdk@twGuf olrsm;udkvSL

aemufwpfckjzpfedkifajc&dSaeao;wmu a[ma&;/ ajyma&;u¾? jrwfpGmbk&m;&Jhomoemudk u¾eJh cJGajym&if (1) y&d,wWdomoem (2) yÉdywWdomoem (3) yÉda0"omoem &,fvdkhomoemoHk;&yf&dSw,f? tJ'DomoemawmfoHk;&yfudk ”y”oHk;vHk;omoemvdkh qdk=uw,f?tJ'Domoemudk axmufyHHh=uwJhtcgrSm a[ma&; ajyma&;udkrDSjyD; vltrsm;u tvSl'geudk jyk=uw,f?a[mwJhyk*~dkvfu qV*F'geokwWHrdks;/ a0vmrZmwfawmf rsKd;udk aZmif;ay;a[mqdk&if tJ'DtcdsefupjyD;tvSlcHyk*~dkvfudk a&G;cs,fjyD; vSl'gef;=uawmhw,f?

qV*F'ge okwWHrSm ukodkvf'gejyk&mrSm tudks;rsm;pGm&&dSedkifa&;twGuf tvSlcHyk*~dkvfudka&G;cs,fjyD; vSl'gef;=u&r,f? a&G;cs,fwJhtcgrSm (1) avmbuif;jyD;wJhyk*~ d kvf (odk hr[kwf)avmbuif;atmif tm;xkwfaeqJyk*~dkvf (2) a'gouif;jyD;wJhyk*~dkvf (odkhr[kwf) a'gouif;atmiftm;xkwfaeqJyk*~dkvf (3) arm[uif;jyD;wJhyk*~dkvf (odkhr[kwf) arm[uif;atmif tm;xkwfaeqJyk*~dkvf?

28


'Dvdkyk*~dkvfrdks;awGudk vSl'gef;&if tudks;aus;Zl; b,favmufrsm;edkifovJqdk&if ork'N&ma&udk jynfwdkh/awmif;wdkheJh csifhwGufjyD; a&wGufrjyedkifovdk &&dSedkifwJh ukodkvfudks;udk a&wGufjyvdkh r&edkifbl;wJh?bk&m;a[mxm;wJhw&m;yg? 'Dvdk bk&m;a[ma'oemu &dSxm; avawmh ukodkvfjyk&iftudks;rsm;rsm;&csifwJh ykxkZOfrsm;[m ukodkvfudks;rsm;rsm;&zdkh yk*~dkvfudka&G;jyD; vSlawmh wmaygh?'ga=umifh omoemavmurSm ajymqdkae=uwmuawmh jrefjref=uD;yGm;csif&if &dyfomwnfaxmifygwJh?pOf;pm;edkifzdkhyg?

&dyfomjyD;&if pmoifwdkufrsm;u =uD;yGm;edkifwJhtcGifhtvrf;rSm 'kwd,ae&mrSm&dSw,fvdkhqdk&rSmyg? usrf;*efrsm;rSm – omoemawmfoHk;&yfrSm yÉda0"omoemu =umeJhwlw,f?yÉdywWdomoemu a&eJhwlw,f? y&d,wWdomoemu uefabmif=uD;eJhwlw,f? =umyef;awGtjrJvef;edkifzdkh a&&dS&r,f? a&awG uef=uD;xJrSm tjrJwnf&dSedkifzdkh a&uefabmif=uD;awG cdkifcHh&r,fqdkwJhusrf;*efpum; &dSxm;w,f? 'Dawmh a&uefabmif=uD;eJh wlwJh y&d,wWdomoemawmf=uD;cdkifcHhrSomoemoHk;&yfpvHk; cdkifcHhrSmjzpfw,f?

'ga=umifh y&d,wWd omoem awmf=uD;cdkifcHhatmif vSl'gef;axmufyHhjcif;[m omoemjyKukodkvfjzpfw,fqdkwmod=uawmh y&d,wWdomoemudk =udk;pm;jyD; axmufyHhvm=uw,f?0rf;omp&myg? 'gayrJh *k%frx,fwJhpmoifwdkufawGrSmawmh taxmuf tyHhrsm; enf;yg;jrJenf;yg;/ypPnf;av;yg;vJ &Sm;yg;jrJ&Sm;yg;aeqJqdkwmudk owif;pum; yg;vdkufcsifyg&Jh? trsm;tusKd;twGuf y&[dwtvSL

Ak'<omoemawmfjrwf=uD;&Jh tem*wfta&;udk acwftjrifeJhoHk;oyfajymqdk&&if&ifat;edkifp&m ta=umif;r&dSyg? tb,fha=umifhqdkaomf omoemhtzJGhtpnf;rsm;rcdkifrmjcif;/ausmif;xdkif/ ausmif;ydkifa&G; cs,f&mY t&nftcsif;xuf yk*~dkvfudk?;pm;ay;a&G;cs,faejcif;/ ausmif;=uD;/ausmif;i,fawGrsm;oavmuf edkifiHeJ hvlrdks;&Jhtudks;pD;yGm;/ omoemawmf&Jhtudks;pD;yGm;udkvkyfud ki fay;wJ h &[ef;oHCmawmfta&twGufrSm rsm;oavmuf enf;yg;aeao;jcif;/acwfeSifhavSsmfnDpGm ynma&;pepfrsm;udk jykjyifajymif;vJGedkifrSkr&dSao;jcif;/ omoemjykvkyfief;rsm;Yy&[dwvkyfief;rsm;udk acwfumvtavSsmuf awmif;qdkaerSkrsm;udk vspfvls&Sk xm;=uwJh&[ef;oHCmawmfta&twGufu rsm;vGe f ;aeao;jci f ;-pwJ hta=umif ;rsm;a=umif h&wufrat;edkifolwdkhtwGuf &ifat;edkifp&mr&dSyg?

omoemawmfoH k ;&y f a&&Snfwnfwef he d ki f&e f y&d,wW domoemawmfonfta&;=uD;a=umif; az: jyjyD; jzpfw,f? odkhaomf xdky&d,wWdomoemeSifhwlwJh uefabmif=uD;udk pHepfwusjcHpnf;&d k;um&Hxm;jcif; (odk hr[kwf) vHk jcH kaomtapmif hta&Smufrsm;udkcsxm;jcif;-pwJhvkyfoifhvkyfxdkufwmrsm;udk jykvkyfrxm;edkifcJh=u&iff uefabmif=uD;udk zsufqD;vdkolwdkhu tvG,fwulcdks;azgufedkifjcif;/ a&uefxJodkh tnpfta=u;rsm;pGefhjcif;/ tqdwfcyfjcif;-ponfrsm;udk jykvkyfedkifIwdk;wufaewJhedkifiHrsm;/ vlhtcGifhta&; tjynfht0&dSwJhedkifiHrsm;Y aomufa&/ oHk;a&tjzifh toHk;jykwJha&avSmifuef=uD;rsm;udk jcHpnf;&d k;um&Hxm;jcif;/ tapmifhta&Smufrsm;udk csxm;jcifrsm;jykvkyfxm;onfudk awGhjrifedkifw,f?

29


'Dae&mrSm txl;jykajymjcif;wmu y&[dwvkyfief;rsm;[m a&uefabmif=uD;udkwnfwHhedkifzdkh/ uefxJrSm a&rsm;tjrJwef;wnf&dSaezdkheJh =umyef;av;rsm; tjrJvef;qefedkifzdkhudk vHk;jcHkrSkay;edkifwJhjc Hpnf;& d k ;e Si f hwlaea=umif; owdjy ke d ki f =uzd k hy g? t&m&mwd ki f ;qd kovd k r Je J hqH k ; jzwfwJ h,aehacwfur?m.usifhxHk;rsm;Y jrefrmedkifiHY Ak'<bmom0if?;a&;rsm; tvGeftuHGs enf;yg;oGm;cJh&if?;a&rsm;wJhbmom0ifrsm;&Jh omoem[m edkifiHawmf&Jh bmom/ omoemjzpfoGm;edkifqdkwm trdks;/bmom/ omoemudk jrwfedk;olwdkif; owd&dSedkif=uzdkhyg?

”ajrrd k s;Ivlrd k s;raysmuf/ vlrd k srS vlrd k s;aysmufonf” qdkwJhtqdk&d Sxm;aomfvJ'Dacwf'DtcgY xdktqdkonf &meSkef;jynfhrSefonf[k rqdkedkifawmhyg? tb,f a=umifhqdkaomf vlrdksuvlrdks;raysmufedkifyg? aysmufoGm;edkifwmu bmom/ omoem,Ofaus;rSk tarGteSpfrsm;yg?vlrdks;qdkwmuawmh &dSjrJ&dSaerSmyg? Oyrm/ rav;&Sm;edkifiH/ tif'dkeD;&Sm;edkifwdkhrSm omoemawmhuG,foGm;cJhw,f? rav;vlrdks;/ tif'dkeD;&Sm;vlrdks;awGuawmh &dSjrJ&dSaeqJyg? awG;awmqifjcifedkifzdkhyg?

jrefedkifiH.acwfordkif;twGuf ta&;=uD;vSwJh tcef;u¾rSm yg0ifaewJh y&[dwomoem(od k hr[kwf) y&[dwvkyfief;rsm;&J h ta&;ygrS kud k a[majymay;ol/ a&;om;ay;olrsm;enf;aeonfudkawGh&w,f? tvSl&Sifrsm; &_a'gifhrS =unfhrnfqdk&ifawmh y&[dwausmif;rsm;rSma&muf&dSae=uwJhudk&ifrsm;/ ausmif;om;rsm;/ oduQm &Sifrsm;/ ausmif;olrsm;udk vSl'gef;zdkh/ ay;urf;zdkhcufcJaernfrSm odomedkifygw,f? odkhaomf xdkuav;rsm;udk Ak'<bmom&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;uapmifha&Smufxm;&if xdkuav;rsm;[m Ak'<bmom0ifrsm;om jzpfvm=u rnfrSm 99µ&mcdkifeSkef;aocsmoavmuf&dSygw,f? xdkuav;rsm;&JheSvHk;om;rSm "rRapwDrsm;wnfxm;ay;=u r,fqdk&ifausmif;om;wpfa,muf apwDwpfql/ ausmif;om;wpf&m apwDwpf&m/ ausmif;om; wpfaxmifapwDwpfaxmifrdks; wnfay;jcif;uJhodkh =uD;rm;aomukodkvfudks;rsm;udk &&dSedkif=urSmyg? vSl'gef;wJhypPnf;=uD;rm;zdkhut"duvm;/ pddwfapwemut"duvm;qdkwm oabmaygufedkifzdkhyg? tvSLcHvm; tvSLvm;

ukodkvfjyk&mY aus;Zlrsm;edkifzdkh tavhtxeSpfrdks;&dSa=umif;udk odxm;zdkhyg? tvSlcHudka&G;cs,fI ukodkvfjykjcif;[m t&dom0uwdkh&Jh tavhtxvdkhqdk&rSmyg? tvSlcHudk a&G;cs,fjcif;rjykyJtvSlc Hy k* ~ d kvfrsm; tqifajyrS k / qif;&JiwfrGwfrS kab;rSvGwfajrmufrS kud k t"duxm;jyD;y&[dwtudks;rsm;rSkudkom y"mexm;jyD;/ ukodkvfjykjcif;[m bk&m;tavmif;awmfwdkh&Jh tavhtxyg?bk&m;avmif;awmfwdkh ukodkvfjyk&mrSm twW[dwtudks;pD;yGm;xuf y&[dwtudks;pD;yGm;udktav;xm;I pdwf=unf=unfvifeJh ukodkvf'gersm;udk jykcJh=u wma=umifh avmuwGif twlr&dS/twkr&dSwJh ukodkvfudks;udk&cJhjcif;yg? ukodkvf'gejyk&mrSm tvSlcHyk*~dkvfrsm; tay:rSmxm;wJh apwemeSifhtod m%fynmwdkh[m rnfrSsta&;=uD;a=umif; odedkifzdkhyg? t&d,mom0ursm;&Jh ukodkvfjykenf;/bk&m;avmif;rsm;&Jhukodkvfjykenf;/ 'DeSpfenf;udk =udkuf&ma&G;cs,fedkifzdkhyg?

trd k s ; / bmom/ omoemawmftwGufqd k&i f a jymcsi fwmawGuawmhwpfyHkwpfyif=uD;&dSaewm? 'gayrJh b,folrqdk jzpfedkif&ifawmh tajymavSsmhjyD; wdkif;udks;/ jynfudks;/omoemawmftudks;rsm;zdkh udk,fvkyfay;edkif oavmuf vkyfay;=uzdkhyg?

'Dae&mrSm tar&dueforRw *Gsef tufzf uae'Du ajymzl;w,f? ”wdkif;jynfu oiftwGuf

30


bmvkyfjyD;jyDvJ rar;ygeJh/ oifu wdkif;jynftwGuf bmawG vkyfjyD;jyDvJ”vdkhar;ygwJh? twk,ledkifzdkhyg?tckawmh udk,fhpdwfeJh oabmrwdkufqdkif&if ajymcsif&majymwmrdks;/ qJa&;wdkif;xGmaewmrdks;uawmhtrdks;/ bmom/ omoemawmftwGuf bmrS jzpfvmedkifrSmr[kwfyg?wu,fawmh tcdsefawG/vkyftm;awG/ t&if;teDS;awGrsm;pGmpdkufxkwfoGm;=uwJh q&mawmf=uD;rsm;/ wdkif;jyk/ jynfjyk&Sifbk&ifrsm;/ wdkif;jynfacgif;aqmif;rsm;&Jh arwWm/ apwemawGudk em;vnfedkifolwdkhtwGufawmholwdkhapwemudk wefzdk;jzwfIr&yg? olwdkh&Jh tem*wfarSsmfrSef;csufrsm;a=umifh cef;em;vSwJhausmif;wdkuf=uD;awG/ &dyfom=uD;awG/ jrdkhjy/ jynf&GmawGudk wnfaxmifoGm;=uw,fudk owd&edkifzdkhyg?av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;apcsifwmuawmh ausmif;wdkuf=uD;rsm;/ &dyfom=uD;rsm;/ jrdkhjyjynf&Gmrsm;udkwnfaqmuf=uwJh yk*~ d kvfawG[m olwdk h&J h twW[dwtudks;twGufayavm/ (odk hr[kwf)aemufvmaemufom;awG&Jh y&[dw tudks;twGufayavm? rSsrSswwpOf;pm;edkif=uzdkhyg?

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Education) ynma&;pepfudk owfrSwfjyÏmef;xm;w,f? ynma&;pepfaumif;rGefr_a=umifhtar&duefEkdifiHrSmaexdkif=uwJh ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;[m olwdk@&Jh &ydkifcGifhudk i,fi,f}uD;}uD; tm;vkH;eD;eD; odem;vnfxm;=uw,f? (5) ESpft&G,f/ (6) ESpft&G,f uav;i,fav;rsm;up+yD;rw&m;vkyfcJh&if 911 (ta&;ay: zkef;vkdif;) udkac:+yD;/ udk,fwdkifwdkif=um;ajymqdkEkdiff=uw,f?tusK d ;quftaeeJ@ ynma&;aumif;r Ge fawmh p D ;y Gm;a&;awGvnf; aumif;r Ge fw,f?vlaer_tqif hwef;awGvnf; jrif hrm;w,f? vlwpfa,muf&J h&yd ki fcGif hawGud k trsm;pkuodem;vnfxm;=uawmh tar&duefEkdifiHvdkEkdifiHrsKd;rSm urBmŒvlom;awG aysmfaysmf}uD; vma&mufaeEkdif=uwm[m tqef;wus,f}uD;awmh r[kwfawmhyg? rSsrSsww qifjcifokH;oyfEkdifzdk@yg?

Oa&myEkdifiHawGudkvnf; vufvSrf;rSDorSs avhvm=unfhapcsifygw,f? ynma&;/pD;yGm;a&;utp vlaer_tqifhtwef;rsm; xdyfwef;rSm&SdaewJh t*FvefEkdifiH&Jhynma&;pepfudkok H ;oyf =unf hyg? ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;[m touf (5) ESp fr S (16) ESp ftxdynmudkoif=um;=u&w,f? ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olwdkif;twGuf txufwef;ynmukd tdkv,fA,f(O- Level) txd roifraeynma&;pepftaeeJ@ jyXmef;owfrSwfxm;w,f? atv,fA,f (A-

level) udkawmh roifrae& ynma&;taersKd;eJ@ owfrSwfxm;jcif;r[kwfyJ oif,lvdku oif,lEkdif+yD;/roif,lvdkuvJ roifyJaeEkdifwJhtaetxm;rsKd;eJ@ owfrSwfjyXmef;ay; xm;wm? ynmwwfajrmufzdk@qdkwm tm;uswwfolrsm;om &EkdifwJhqkv'frsKd;yg? vlwdkif;vlwdkif; ynmoif,lzdk@ tcGifhtvrf;vnf;&Sd/ }udK;pm;oif,lvdkwJhpdwfrsKd;vnf; &Sd&if ynmwwf}uD;jzpfzdk@qdkwm tcuf}uD;awmhr[kwfvSyg?

tdrfeD;em;jcif;jzpfwJh puFmylEkdifiH&Jh ynma&;pepfudk avhvm=unfhyg? t*FvefEkdifiH&Jhynma&;pepfud k twk,lxm;wmudk awG@&w,f? aumif;wmudktwk,lxm;wmrsK d;rd k @

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txifao;p&mr&Sdyg? &Sufp&mvnf; r[kwfyg? wu,f&Sufoifhwmu ynmoif=um;cGifh &ygvSsufeJ@roif,lyJ tcsdefawGudk tvum;jzKef;aewmrsKd;uom &Sufp&myg? olwdk@EkdifiHrSm ynmoif=um;&rJhtouft&G,f[m touftm;jzifh (6) ESpfrS (15) ESpfxd ynmudkoif,lzdk@ owfrSwfay;xm;w,f?v,fA,ftm;jzifh tdkv,fA,f (O- Level) txd? ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm; ausmif;ae&rnfht&G,fY ausmif;rSefrSef rwufcJhaomf (odk@r[kwf) ausmif;rwufyJaecJhaomf rdbrsm; udkwd ki f =um;avh& S dw,f? uav;rsm;& J hynmoif =um;r _ud k r dbrsm;urulnDc J haom frdbrsm;ygtjypf&Sdw,fvdk@ Oya'eJ@jyXmef; xm; wmjzpfvdk@ ausmif;ysufuGufwJhuav;rsm;&Jhrdbrsm;udk'%faiGtjzpf puFmyla':vm 5000 (odk@r[kwf) axmif'%fwpfESpf jypf'%f uscH&efowfrSwfxm;w,f? ' Dvd kOya'rs K d ;ud k xkwf jye fxm;awmh puFmy lE k di fi H& J h ynma&;pep f[mta&SŒawmiftm&SEkdifiHrsm;xJrSm a&S@wef;ua&mufaewmudk awG@jrifEkdif=urSmyg? puFmylEkdifiH&Jhvlaer_tqifhtwef;[mvnf; txufwef;rSmyJ &SdaeqJyg? 'Dae&mrSm 'D issue ('Dta&;) udkxnhf+yD;aqG;aEG;aewm[m vlenf;pk&Jh vlaer_tqifhtwef;udk uGufr=unhf=uyJ vltrsm;pk&Jhvlaer_tqihf wef;udk jcKHikH=unfhwwf=uzdk@yg? wu,fawmh olwdk@vlrsKd;awG 'DvdktajctaerskKd;eJ@ta&SŒawmiftm&S&SdEkdifiHrsm;tv,frSm *k%f&Sd&Sd eJ@aeEkdif+yD;/ udk,fhvlrsKd;awGuraeEkdif=uwm[m“olawmfwm r[kwfbl;/ cifAsm;nHhwm”vkd@yJ qdk&rSmyg? qifjcifr_w&m;eJ@ tajz&Sm Ekdif=uzdk@yg?

jrefrmEkdifiH&Jhynma&;pepfeJ@ vlaer_tqifhtwef;udk =unfhygOD;? b,ftqifhtwef;rSm&SdaevJvdk@ar;cJh&if wdwdususajzEkdifol &Sdr,fr[kwfyg? bma=umifhvJqdk&if 'Dtar;udkajzzdk@oifhawmfwJhtcsdeftcg r[kwfao;vdk@ygvdk@yJ qdk&rSmyg? bmyJjzpfjzpfav jrefrmEk difiHrSmusif hok H;aewJhynma&;pepf[m tvGefedrf@usaewmuawmh trSefyg? txufwef;txdjyXmef;usrf;pmrsm;[m oif¶kd;n$ef;wrf;taeeJ@ t*FvdyfpmuvGJ&if tjcm;bmom&yfrsm;tvGeftrif; redrfhusvSayrJh oif=um;a&;pepfeJ@ jyXmef;xm;wJh pepfu tvGefedrf@usaeawmht&mtm;vkH;[m edrf@usaew,fvdk@yJ qdk&rSmyg? Oyrm/ ynma&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; jyXmef;xm;wJhpepfudkt&ifokH;oyf=unfhyg? ynmudkroifrae& owfrSwfxm;wJht&G,f (Compulsory School Age)

u touftm;jzifh (6) ESpfrS (9) ESpft&G,f (4-wef;) xdomjzpfw,f?ynmoif=um;csdef t&G,fuenf;&wJhtxJ ausmif;om; (odk@r[kwf) ausmif;olwpf

a,muf av;wef;ynm+yD;qkH;onftxd ausmif;rwufcJhaomf (odk@r[kwf) ausmif;raecJhaomfb,frdbudkrS (odk@r[kwf) b,ftkyfxdef; oludkrS '%faiG¶kdufjcif; (odk@r[kwf) axmif'%fuscHapjcif;Oya'ud k jyXmef;xm;jcif;r&S dyg? ' Dvd kqd k jrefrmEk di fi Hr Sm ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;ynma&;edrfhusaejcif;[m b,folrSmtjypf&SdvJvdk@ar;cJh&if b,folrSmrS tjypfr&Sdbl;vdk@qdk&rSmyg?bma=umifhvJ qdk&if tjypfwifjcif;oufoufeJ@awmh Solution (jy\emudkajz&Sif;ay;jcif;) udkajz&Sif;ay;EkdifrSmr[kwfvdk@yg? rSsrSsww ajym& r,fqdk&ifawmh EkdifiHawmfu ynmoif=um;a&;pepfeJ@pyfwJhOya'udk wdwdusus xkwfjyefay;xm;jcif;rsKd;r&Sdao;wm[mvnf; ta=umif;wpf&yfjzpfw,f?'DvdkrSr[kwfyJ 'geJ@ywfouf+yD; b,folrSm tjypf&SdEkdifvJ/ ajymygvdk@ ZGwftwif;ar;ae&ifawmh tm;vkH;rSm tjypf&Sdw,fvdk@yJ ajz&rSmyJ? pOfpm;Ekdif=uzdk@yg?

jrefrmEkdifiHrSm usifhokH;aewJh ynmoif=um;a&;pepfudk okH;oyf=unfhyg? bmrqdk

38


tvGwfusufrSwf&wJh pepf? 'D=um;xJ q&m/ q&mrrsm;u usufrSwfcdkif;xm;wJh pmydk'fudkajzqdk&mrSmpmyk d' ftqk H ; (od k @r[kwf) 0gustqk H ;r Sm “./ onf” ponfavmuf vG JoGm; &ify JajzqdkwJhausmif;om;tm; trSwfavSsmhwJhpepfqdkawmh 'DusufrSwfwJhynma&;pepf[m b,fvdkvkyf+yD;a&S;wef;udk a&mufEkdif rvJ? 'Djy\emudk ynm&Sifrsm; av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;Ekdif=uzdk@yg?usufrSwfwJhpepfudk raumif;bl;vdk@ajymaejcif; r[kwfyg? rvdktyfyJ tokH;jyKaevdk@ wifjyaejcif;yg?az: jrLvmwdk@/ tDauG&Sif;wdk@/ (*%ef;) tvDwdk@udk usufrSwfcdkif;wm[m aumif;ygw,f? vdkvnf;vdktyfygw,f? 'gayrJh rvdktyfbJeJ@ oabmw&m;eJ@rSwfvdk@ &EkdifwJhbmom&yfrsKd;awGudkZGwftwif;}uD; usufrSwfcdkif;aewm [m ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;twGuf tcsdefukef/ vlyifyrf;+yD;/tusKd;rsm;vJ &Sdoifh oavmufr&SdEk difvdk@ ajymaejcif;yg? tu,fI om EkdifiHawmfrS (1)ynma&;pepfeJ@ (2) ynmoif=um;enf;pepfrsm;udk ajymif;vJjyKjyifay;r,fqdk&if jrefrmvlrsKd;wdk@&Jhynma&;[m jyefvnfOD;armhvmEkdifw,fvdk@ ajymvdk&if;yg? b0tqifhtwef;awGjrifhrm;zdk@vluynmudk rSD&w,fqdkwmrSefayrJh ynmqdkwm vlujrAifhwifay;rS &Ekdifw,fqdkwmudkvJowdrlEkdif=uzdk@yg?

jrefrmEkdifiHrSm ynma&;pepfawG/ ynmoif=um;a&;pepfawG ajymif;vJcsifw,fqdk&ifcufcJr,fawmhrxifyg? o,HZmwawG aygrsm;vSwJh jrefrmEkdifiHrSm vlwpfa,muf&Jh &ykdifcGifhawG/EkdifiHom;wpfa,muf&JŒ vkyfydkifcGifhawGudk vlwkdif;eD;eD; od&Sdvmatmif tpOD;rSm ynmay;zdk@yg?csrf;omwJhb0/ +idrf;csrf;wJhb0/ wnf+idrfwJhb0rsKd;awGeJ@ EkdifiH&Jh*k%fudkaqmifEkdifatmif pkaygif;+yD;usKd;pm;=uzdk@yg? ynma&;tqifhtwef;/ vlaer_tqifhtwef;rsm; jrifhrm;vmatmif wEkdifiHvkH;roifrae&ynma&;pepfudk rlvwef;ynma&; pepfrSonf txufwef;ynma&;pepfqDodk@ a&mufatmif 0dkif;0ef;ajymif;vJay;=u&rSm? vlrsKd;*k%fx,frS EkdifiH&Jh*k%f[mvnf; xnfvmEkdifrSmyg?ynma&;pepfaumif;rGefygrS vlrsKd;a&m/ EkdifiHyg aumif;rGefvmrSmyg? jrefrmEkdifiHrSm EkdifiHol/EkdifiHom;rsm;twGuf &ydkifcGifhawG/ w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;r_awG/ w&m;rSswr_awG &vmwJhtJ'Dae@rSm 'dk@[m“jrefrmEkdifiHom;awGyg”vdk@ &if aumh+yD; ajzEkdifzdk@yg?

jrefrmEk difiHrSm ynma&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ usef;rm;a&;ESif h vlaer_tqifhtwef;rsm;odyfudkedrfhusaewmyJvdk@ wpfpkHwpfa,mufuajym vmcJh&if ajymoludk trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"mwf&Sdolrsm;u 0dkif;+yD;tjypfwif=urSmvm;? tjypfwifoleJ@ tjypfjrifol? twlwlyJvm;? 'Dae&mrSmynma&;tjrifeJ@ywfouf+yD; awmif+rdKŒr[m*E<m¶kHq&mawmfbk&m;}uD;&Jh tawG;tjrifudk wifjyygap?jrefrmjynfzGm; trsK d ;aumif;om;/ trsK d ;aumif;orD;awGud k }uD;yGm;csrf;omapcsifwJ hawmif+rdKŒr[m*E<m¶kH q&mawmfbk&m;}uD;u wdkif;oljynf om;awG vl@tqifhtwef;awGedrf@usae&wm[m ynma&;/ pD;yGm;a&;a=umifhomr[kwfyJ jynfol/ jynfom;rsm;/ txl;ojzifh trsKd;om;rsm; vkH@v0D&d,w&m;rsm; enf;yg;aer_a=umifh jzpf&wmvdk@ axmufjyawmfrlw,f?udk,fydkiftawG;eJ@ qifjcifEkdifzdk@yg?

q&mawmfbk&m;}uD;u “trsKd;om;wdk@onf pD;yGm;a&;bufwGifom tcsufrusonfr[kwfao;/ ynma&;bufrSmvnf; a*Zufudk =unfhvSsif *k%f;xl;aqmifESifh atmifjrifolenf;yg;vSonfhtjyif txufwef; ynm&yfYvnf; tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;xuf &mcdkifE_ef; enf;yg;onf[k =um;&.?

39


xdkuJhodk@ jzpf&jcif;rSm taru tarG;nHhIcsnf; r[kwfwef&m? ausmif;awmf}uD;rsm;0,f aiGukefa=u;usrsm;pGmcH+yD;ae=uygvSsuf aiGaxmufyhH=u&aom rdbtpfudk tpfrwdk@ dukd riJhnSm=ubJvkH;v0D&d,uif;I tysif;ayg+yD; ujrif; a=umxaer_wdk@a=umifhom trsm;tjym;jzpfwef&m.”wJh?(udk,fusif htbd"rRm ESm-136-137) q&mawmfbk&m;}uD;&J h arwWm/ apwemrsm;um;tHHh=oavmufp&myg? arwWm/ apwemwdk@&Jh wefzdk;rsKd;qdkwm wef;zdk;odolrsm;om wefzdk;&SdrSef;odEkdif=uw,f r[kwfygvm;?

trsKd;om;awG[m trsKd;orD;awGavmuf ynma&;rSm r}udK;pm;wm[mtrSefyg?Oyrmav;wpfckudk xkwfjyr,f? ,ckacwf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif aq;ausmif;wuf&ef ausmif;0ifcGifhtrSwfudk owfrSwfac:,l&mY ausmif;olrsm;&Jh q,fwef;atmif&rSwfatmuf/ trSwf (30) avSsmhIausmif;om;rsm;udk ac:,lxm;a=umif; =um;od&w,f? udk,fwdkifvnf; pkHprf;ar;jref;=unfhw,f?=um;wJ h twdki f;vnf; rSefaewm? rwlnDwJ htcsK d ;tpm;/ rrSs wwJh ynma&;pepfud kawGŒae&ao;w,f? qdk=uygpdk@? aq;ausmif;0ifcGifhtrSwfudk (,ckESpfY) ausmif;om;rsm;twGuftrSwfaygif; (465) &vSsif aq;ausmif;odk@ wufa&mufEkdifcGifh&Sd+yD;/ ausmif;olrsm;twGufawmhtrSwf aygif; (495) rSwf&rS aq;ausmif;odk@ wufa&mufcGifh&&Sd=uw,f? E_dif;,SOf=unfhzdk@eJ@/pOf;pm;a0zefEkdifzdk@yg?

q&mawmfbk&m;}uD; qufvufrdef@=um;xm;wmu “(wuUodkvf) ausmif;awmfodk@a&muf=uonfhtcsdefrSm touf (20) eD;yg; &Sd=uayvdrfhrnf? xdkrSsavmuf toufr}uD;=uaomwyifa&$xD;/ bk&ifhaemif/ rif;&JausmfpGmpaom vlrsKd;. usufoa&aqmif vli,fawGxGef;um;cJhaomtrsKd;om;jzpfygvsuf igwdk@vufxufrS tb,fha=umifh tysif;b0Y tzsif;ttvkyfae=uoenf;?& Jrmef & JaoG; & Jp dwfarG ;um &JZmenfp dwfxm;jzi f h & J& Jawmufawmuf uav;rsm;jzpfoifh=uonfr[kwfavm” wJh? (udk,fusifh tbd"rRm ESm-137) q&mawmf bk&m;}uD;axmufjyxm;wJhtwdkif; t&m&mwdkif;rSm edrf husaejcif;[m “taru tarG;nHhIcsnf;r[kwfwef&m”qdkwJh tcsufuav;udk owdjyKEk dif=uzdk@ fyg? vl@b0rSm trSefudkajymayrJhtrSefajymol&Jhpum;udk vufcHolu vufrcH Ekdifbl;qdk&if aumif;usKd;qdkwmudk b,frSmjzpfvmEkdifrSmvJ? q&mawmfbk&m;}uD;uawmh apwemtjynfheJ@ tcGifhtcgoifhwdkif; vlawGudka&m/&Sif&[ef;awGudkyg rdef@=um;awmfrlcJ hwmyJ? tvkyfusK d;pm;vdk@ }uD;yGm;csrf;omolrsm;udktjypfjrifaewmrsKd;xuf udk,hfb0udk udk,fem;vnfatmif/ udk,fhtvkyfudk udk,fvkyfEkdifatmifajymcJ hwmyg? q&mawmfbk&m;}uD;&J hwd kufwGef;csufawG[m trsK d;om;a&;twGufqdkwm=unfhwwfolrsm; jrifEkdif=urSmyg? “=unhfaomoljrif.” qdkwm 'DvdkoabmrsKd;jzpfrSmyg?

“vlwdk@bufYom ynmpHcsdefnhhHonfr[kwfao;? omoemynmvnf; tcgtavsmufatmufusvsufyif? rSef.? a&S;u bkef; awmf}uD;rsm;onf &yfole,fom; vltrsm;.q&mjzpf¶kHomru +rdK@jywdk@Yvnf; rif;nDrif;om; rSL;rwfom;wdk@. q&mawmf rsm;jzpf=uonf?rdrdwdk@onf (acwf) tcgESifhvdkufatmif ynma&;udk jyKjyifEkdifcJh=uvSsif ,cktcsdefrSmvnf;wdkif;oljynfom;wdk@. q&mtjzpfY wnfEkdifzG,f&Sd.? ,ckaomfum; xdkuJhodk@ rjyKrjyifEkdif=ur_a=umifhq&mtjzpfrSyif avSsmus¶kHomru wcsKdŒaus;&Gm ausmif;/ &Gmausmif;rsm;Y qGrf;cHay;rnfhuav;yif

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r&Sdawmhacs? Ttcsufum; jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf omoema&;toufiif aejcif;yif jzpfawmhonf?Todk@jzpf&jcif;. ta=umif;&if;udk&Sif;&vSsif udk,f htxkyfudk,fajzjy&ma&mufrnfjzpfIr&Sif;vif;vdkawmh yg? Todk@ usef;rma&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&; ponfwdk@jzifh tbufbufuatmufusaemufus jzpf=u&jcif;rSm vkH@v0D&d,uif;I tysif;rsm;r_a=umifhjzpfonf”[krdef@rSmawmfrlcJhw,f? (udk,fusifhtbd"rRm- ESm 137-13*) &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;onf wdkif;oljynfom;[email protected]&mtjzpf &yfwnfEkdifa&;twGuf jyKvkyfoifhwJht&mawGxJrSm b,ft&muydk ta&;}uD;ae+yDvJqdkwm av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;Ekdif=uzdk@yg?

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bduQK"rRyd, (USA)

pufwifbm 3/ 2011(rdk;rcrD'D,mrS)

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udkwrif ao;odrf atmif vkyfxm;jcif; jzpfonf?NLD ygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; taejzif awG@jcif;r[kwfyg?odk@jzpfI a':pktaejzifh pOf;pm;&rnhf tcsufrSm rdrdudk,fpm;jyK e,fyg,fu dkxifomjrifom

jzpfoifhon fqdkonfh tcsufyif?Ttcsufukd ajym& onfrSm aqG;aEG;&rnfh tcsufrsm;/ tqifhqifh jrifhwufvmrnfh

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,if;odk@&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; pDrHrxm;ygu/ rdrdbuf. ,kH=unfpdwfcsr_ a'gufwdkif aysm@acGoGm;eSdifonf? tokH;cscHjzpfoGm;eSdifonf?

ckwzef =um;jzwf a&G;aumufyGJ &SdvmrnfjzpfI Zmwfvrf;u ydk&SKyfvmOD;rnf?TudpPtay: a&$@uGufawG tcif;tusif;opfawG ay:vmOD;rnf?

tm%m&Sifpepf. tkXfjrpftjzpf2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHu dkcktwdkif;xm;jyD; ekdifiHa&; tajymif;tvJudkpOf;pm;ygu2010 a&G;aumufyGJumv ,if;a&G;aumufyGJudk tajymif;tvJ . tpqdkjyD; pdwful;,OfcJhaom trwfrsm; ,ck=uKHawG@ae&onfh 'kuQxuf tqrsm;pGm qdk;vmaom 'kuQyifv,fxJwGif trwfrif;rsm;omru wdkif;jynfygepfoGm;ayrnf²?

tajymif;tvJvlxk.jyif;jyaomqeNavm acgif;aqmif.qENavm

0i f;jri fharmi f

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jrpfqkH a&umwmudpPwGif(2010) tpdk;&u acwW&yfqdkif;vdkufonfrSm wdkif;&if;om;aygif;pHk vlxk vlwef;pm;aygif;pkH uef@uGufoHrsm; qlyGufvmonfh tcsufu t"duusaomta=umif;w&m;tjzpf ygaeonf?

rjrifomonfh a&atmuf pD;a=umif;rsm;vnf;&Sdaeonf?w&kyfe*g;=uD;u tydkifcsnfjyD;rS vkyfojzifhjznf&cufonf?,if;udpPudk vm&Sif;jy&ef w&kwftpdk;&u zdwfac:xm;jyD? cufacsjyD ?w&kw=fuD; uwzuf/ wwdkif;jynf tkH=uGvmrnfuwzuf/ xdyfydkif;AdkvfcsKyfrsm;twGif;

tm%mekdifiHa&; yÉdyuQu wzuf/ r0a&pm pm;ae&onfh jynfolvlx ktvGeftuGsH qif;&JrGJawr_uwpfzuf/

jynfwGif; ppfudk Adkvfusvdkpdwf eSifhtaumuf=uHaeojzihf jynfwGif;ppfu avmifvsufavmifqJrdk@ zkH;zdr&aom wif;rmonfh AdkvfcsKyfrsm;. twGif;pdwfu wpfrsKd;/

(2014) tmqD,HOuUX jzpfa&;u wzkH/ taemuf tkyfpkaxmufcHa&; omru/w&kyf&efudk usm;uefekdifa&;u wpfrsdK;/

w&pfcsif; w&pfcsif; wif;=uyfvm ae&m/ wpfae@wjcm; tajctae qdk;vmrnfhoabm&Sdonf?

,ae@ ekdifiHa&;. t"duta&;rSm t"rR,lxm;onfh jynfol@tm%m jynfol@vufxJjyefa&mufa&;yif jzpfonf?

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tm%m&Sifpepf.atmufwGif wlnDaom tm%m&l;p&dkufrsm; wxyfwnf;&Sdaeonfudktxl; owdxm; It=uH xkwfoifhonf?

w&kyfu jrpfqkHa& umwm &yfqdkif;onfh udpPa=umifh a'goaygufuJGvsu f&Sdonf?jrefrmedkifiHudk twdwf orkdif; wavSsmufvkH; i,fekdiftjzpf qufqHcJh&m ckrStmcHonf

qdkjyD; Akdvfoef;a&GeSifh taygif; tygrsm; omru jrefrmjynfudkyg ocF%f;pmvSvS ay;vmOD;rnf?&Suf&rf;&rf;ekdifonf?

tar&duefeSifh taemuftkyfpku Akdvfodef;pdeftpdk&. jrpfqkHa&umwm &yfqdkif;onfhqkH;jzwfcsufudk axmufcHxm;onf?

TwGif ykH=urf; avmif;=unfhygu tar&duef *VKkHeSifh w&kyfe*g;wdk@ tm&SwdkufwGif; yx0DekdifiHa&; r[mAslllL[m &kyfvkH;ay: vmygonf?

w&ky fu olp Dr Hxm;onf h twd ki f ;omjzp fvmygu &vmrnf h p D ;y Gm;a&;ekdifiHa&;tusKkd;pD;yGm;rSm tqrwef=uD;rm;aeI vufvGwffcHrnhf r[kwfovdk superpower.oduQmtuscHrnfr[kwfyg?

Tta&;onf aoa&; &Sifa&;jzpfI Adkvfoef;a&$ Adkvfodef;pdef acgi;fcsif; &kdufcgab;=uyfeH=uyfjzpfaeonf?kk

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cktdeNd,odk@ Adkvfodef;pdef oGm;rnfrSm ,if;udpPyifjzpfrnf?ta&SarSsmf&if; acsmufurŠm;awG@rS taemufjyef vSnfh&jyefonf?tm%m&Sif vlrdkufwdk@. Zmwfodrf;um; aysmf&$ifzG,fjzpfcJvS./txdef;tuGwfrJ@aom tm%m&Sif ,EW&m;. ed*kH;onf rdrdtukodkvfeSifh rdrdom tedXm&kH

b0odk@ a&muf&jrJjzpfon frSmekdifiHa&; ed,mr jzpfonf?tm%m&Sifpepf. Zmwfodrf;onf &_yfaxG;vS./ jyif;&S. toufaygif;rsm;pGm paw;&.?

Ttajctae atmufwGif taumif;buf tawG;vGefaeygu tEW&m,fudk zdwfac:ovdk jzpfoGm;rnf?jynfwGif;rSm tm%m& ppfAkdvf/ ppfAdkvfxGufeSifh vlcsrf;omrsm;uwzuf/ ekdifiHa&;twdkuftcHtiftm;pkeSifh wdkif;&if;om; vufudkiftzGJ@rsm;wzuf/,if;twGif; yÉdyuQvSKdif;on fquftm;aumif; aeqJjzpfonf?

2010 a&G;aumufyGJu ykHaz:ay;vdkufonfh v$wfawmf ekdifiHa&;u trnfcHrSs omjzpfae?twdkuftcH tiftm;u 10µom&Sd v$wfawmfekdidiHa&;wGif tvkyfrjzpf?

odk@jzpfI twdkuftcHtiftm;pk. ekdifiHa&; vufeufrSmvrf;ay:ekdifiHa&;om &Sdawmhonf?vrf;ay:ekdifiHa&; (Streetpolitics) onfacwftqufquf okH;jrJokH;vsuf&Sd.?rJqEN&SifjynfolawGtwGuf r&kd;ekdifaom vufeufjzpf.? ,ae@tajctaeonfum;

jynfyekdifiHekifhqufpyfjzpfxGef;aom jy\emjzpfvmonf?udk,fwGif;a&m*grSwqifh tyrSDvmjcif;jzpfI a&m*g taqmufttkH =uD;aejyDjzpfonf?

,if;jy\em=uD; ajz&Sif;&ef tiftm;yrm% =uD;=uD;rm;rm;vdk ygrnf?jyify=oZmtiftm; (Influence politics) udk tm;jznfhokH;rSom vdkcsifaomyef;wdkif

a&mufekdifygrnf?w&kyfe*g;&efqG,f enf;toG,f&Sdekdifonf? oleJ@vufwGJvkyfekdifrnf@tpdk;& jzpfvmatmif

t=uyfudkifrnfvm;/ Oya'enf;vrf;jzifh avsmfa=u;awmif;rnfvm;/ 0vlrsKd;pkvufeufudkifwyfzGJ@udkvltiftm; vufeuftiftm;wdk;csJ@ay;jyD;oD;jcm; 0 jynfe,faxmif IpifjyKdif&yfwnfaprnfvm;/

xGef;jrifhekdif uJ@odk@ pD;yGm;a&;orm;awG arG;xkyfjyD; jrefrmhpD;yGma&;udk csKyfudkifrnfvm;/vGefcJhonfh25eSpf uwnf;u ododomom w&kyfrsm; jrefrmjynfxJ 0ifa&mufvm=u&m &cdkifjynfe,fxdawG@jrif ae&onf? ckvnf; 0ifqJjzpf&mtvkH; t&if;jzifh qufumqufum 0ifa&mufjyD;vltiftm; pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;aygif;jyD; pD;yGm;a&; us$efjyKrnfvm;?

vlOD;a&zdtm;oHk;jyD; wdkif;jynfudkrsdKoGm;rnfvm;pdk;&drfp&maumif;vSonf?ckyiftusOf;om;6000ausmf(edkifia&; tusOf;om; 184 a,muf tygt0if) v$wfaejyD/

odk@aomf edkifiHa&;tusOf;om; 1700 cef@usef ao;onfhtjyif edkifiHa&;tusOf;om; pum;vHk;udkroHk;yJ a&Smifxm;jcif;rS m pOf;pm;p&m jzpfaeonf?

ucsifeSifh u&ifjynfe,fwdk@wGif ppf&Sdefjrifhxm;jyD; wzufwGif +idrf;csrf;a&; vdkcsifykHjyvsufwcsdK@aomwdkif;&if;om; tzGJh@rsm;udk awG@qkHaqG;aEG;jyonf?

jrpfqk H a&umwm acwWqd ki f;i H hxm;jcif;rSm vnf;obm0 ab;tEW&m,fud kpdk;&drfIvnf;r[kwf/ jynfolhqENudk vdkufavsm vdkIvnf; r[kwf/ ra=ueyfoH qloHawGuwqifh

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iSufaysmawmwef; vSnf;vrf;a}umif; ESifh &dk;ay:u avnSif;

edkifiHa&;tHwk vmrnf udkpdk;&dr faeI xkwfajym vm&jcif;jzpfonf?ed kifiHa&;tajymif;tvJudk tm%mcsKyfudkifxm;olu avsmhay;wmudk apmifhjyD;

awmif;rnfvm;/tcGifhtvrf;ay:cdkuf tajctae opfudk zefwD; wdkuf,lrvm; qdkonfh ar;cGef;onf,ae@pdef ac:aeonfh ar;cGef;rsm;jzpfonf?

,aeŒedkifiHa&;jy\em. ta=umif;&if;rSm jynfol@tm%mu dkt"rRvk,lxm;Ijzpfonf?odk@aof 2010 a¶G;aumufyGJeSihf ”tcsavmif;”qdkum rsufvSnf@jyvdkuf&m a¶GaumufwifajrSmufvdkufaom tpdk;&jzpf oGm;onf?

vlxkuwu,f wifajrSmufvkdufonfh ppfrSefaomtpdk;& [kwf&J@vm;qdkonfh Oya'abmif0ifr_ pHeSifh=unfhvdkufaomtcg teSp frygyJ tumoufoufjzpfaeonfudkawG@ekdifonf?

2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHOya'eSifh ppftm%m wnfjrJa&; tumuG,fay;xm;jyD; ppfbk&ifeef;qufoufqdk;&Snfap&ef usm;uef ay;xm;onf?

TrSs tajccHtkXfjrpftcdkiftrm wnfaqmufjyD;rS tavshmhtwif; tay;t,lvkyfvmonfrSm wu,fvm; [efjyvm;?

( tD*spfwGif orw rlbm&uf eSpf 30 =uma¶G;aumufyGJpepfjzifh tm%m,ljyD;rS vlxkwdkufyGJa=umifhjyKwfusoGm;&onf?)(ajymcsifonfrSma¶G;aumufyGJ vkyfay;wdkif; 'Drdkua&pDr&ekdifqdkonfhtcsufyg?)

tajymif;tvJonf yuwd ed ki fi Ha&;b0u awmif;qd kaom tajymiftvJvrf;pOfomjzpf&ygrnf? ,if;odk@ odjrifedkifpGrf;ud kedkifiHa&; todynmu tajzay;ygvdrfhrnff?ynmtjrifom jzpf&ygrnf? igod igwwftjrif r[kwfyg?

jynfolawmif;waom qENjyif;jyaom tajymif;tvJonfom ordkif;vrf;opf ay: wGef;ydk@ay;edkif vdrfhrnf? ,if;odk@r[kwfygu vGJacsmfaom tajymif;tvJwpfckom jzpfygvdrfhrnf?

vlxkacgif;aqmif tjzpfcH,lygu vlxktvdkqENudk udk,fpm;jyKjyD; taumiftxnfaz:bdk@wm0ef &Sdvm ygonf?(90 a&G;aumufumv vlxk. tvdkqENu/ bmvJqdkwm odvdrfhrnf xifygonf/)

jynfol@ qENudk rsufuG,fjyKjyD; acgif;aqmif acgif;¶GufjyKjcif;onf pdwful;,Of qefaom/(odk@) rSm;,Gif;aom acgif;aqmifr_om jzpfygrnf?EdkifiHa&; tuJjzwfcsuf nHhzsif;aom acgif;aqmifr_onf wdkif;jynfudk u,fwif&m ra&mufonfhtjyif 'kuQEGHtwGif; epfonfxuf epfap ygvdrfhrnf?

EdkifiHa&; qdkonf aumif;vsifaumif; raumif;vsif qdk;zdk@om&Sdonf? =um;tajzr&Sdyg? av;pm;pGmjzifh.....

([pfwdkifbavm@pmrsufESmrSul;,lazmfjyonf?)

0i f;jri fharmi f

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(u)&dk;xJwGifa&r&Sdawmhonfhwdkif udkif;yif/ +cHKyifrsm;rSm xlxyffvsuf&Sdaeao;.? &dk;tv,fodk@

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“a&odrf”av;ESifhqufoG,fxm;&m/ 0g;wHwm;ay:wGif wOD;wnf;xdkifaepOf ukuUdKyifwef;/iSufaysmawmwef;uav;qD vSrf;arSsmf=unfhrdonf? aemufxyf em&D0uf (odk hr [kwf)wem&Dcef@&SdvSsif xdkukuUdKyifwef;ESifhiSufaysmawmwef;uav;twdkif; vrf;avSsmuffvmaeonfh“ra'0D” udkusaemfawGŒ&rnf? xdktcg usaemfhESvHk;om;rsm; &kwfw&uf pdrf;pdkvef;qef; vmumvSnf;vrf;uav;qD}uKdd+yD;=unfhaerdrnf?

iSufaysmawmwef;tvGef awmtkyf uav;xdyf / acgif; jyL+y D;xGufvmonfhvSnf;vrf;uav;ay:wGif aps;awmif;acgif;&Guf+yD; avSsmufvmaeonfh ‘ra'0D’ udkusaemfawGŒ&rnf?ajcaxmufwGJavmif;cs+yD; xdkifaeonffh usaemfhqDodk@ 0g;wHwm;av;twdkif; olavSsmufvmvdrfhrnf?+yD;awmh olonfvnf;usaemhfab;wGif ajcaxmufwGJavmif;csxdkifum ol@b0 wae@wmtawGŒt}uKHHwcsdKŒudkajymjyaeOD;rnf?

0g;wHwm;av;ay:wGifwOD;wnf;xdkifae&if; rae@wae@u ‘ra'0D’ ESifhpum;vufqHkuscJhonfh ta=umif;udkjzwfueJawG;rdawmh usaemfhrSm tvdkvdk+yHK;rdvsufom;jzpfoGm;&.?

'Dwcg ‘tkwfwGif;’jyef wuf+yD; +rKdŒe,f&Hk;wGGif ‘a':atmifqef;pk=unf’ ESifhawGŒcGifh&onffhtcg‘ra'0D’odcsifonffhar;cGef;wcdsKŒudk ar;jzpfatmif ar;=unffhzdk@ usaemfydkif;jzwfxm;+yD;jzpfonf?'grSr[kwf ‘ra'0D’ud k,fwd ki fu ‘a':atmif qef;pk =unf’ESif hawGŒqH k +y D;olodcsifonfh /olar;csifonfhar;cGef;ud k ud k,fwd kifud k,fus ar;cGif h&atmif }uKd d ;pm;+yD; zefwD;ay;&ef

jidrf;a0

iSufaysmawmwef; vSnf;vrf;a}umif; ESifh &dk;ay:u avnSif;

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usaemfpOf;pm;xm;cJh.?ukuUdKyiffwef;atmufwGif vlwa,mufvrf;avSsmufvmaeonfudk opfyifrsm;=um;rS

aysmufvdkuf ay:vdkufawGŒae&.?/ iSufaysmawmwef;uav;ESifh ukuUdKyifwef;tul;wGifrlaps ;awmif ;acgi f ;& Gufum vSnf;vrf ;twd ki f ; vrf ;avS smufvmaeonf f h ‘ra'0 D’ud kusaemfawGŒ&avawmhonf? (c)

“b,fvd kvJaps ;onf }uD ; qefe D& J Œ / aey lawmhr,favuGm tckxufxdroGm;Edkifao;bl;vm;”

“&GmxJ c%oGm;vdkufwmygarmif&,f udpP&Sdvdk@.... [J.... [J.... ”usaemfu +yHK;+yHK;&$if&$iffjzpfaeonhhf ‘ra'0D’ . rsufESmudk=unfhum pdwf0ifpm;rdonf?“bmudpPvJ csJ*%ef;oGm;awmif;wmvm;”“tdk; r[kwfwmarmif&,f/ &GmxJrSmtokbulaiGvdkufaumufwmyg”“bm/ tokbulaiG/ b,folŒtwGufvJuG/ b,folqHk;wmvJ”“atmf/ nwkef;uarmifhudkajymjyxm;wJh ‘Z&yf}uD;’utbdk;}uD;tokbtwGufygarmif&JŒ/

&GmxJrSmusreJ@em;vnfr_&SdwJh oli,fcsif;awGvdkufajym+yD;pkwm/ ESpf&mausmfawmif&w,farmif”nwkef;utdyf&mr0ifcif ‘ra'0D’ajymcJhonfh ‘Z&yf}uD;’&Gmutouf (60) t&G,f vl

wa,muf. tokbudpPudkusaemfowd&oGm;.? ppfawmif;jrpf[kdzufurf; um;vrf;opfazmufvkyfa&; vkyftm;vmay;&if;u &kwfw&ufaoqHk;oGm;&onfh ‘Z&yf}uD;’&Gmu tbdk;tdkwOD;ta=umif;udk ‘ra'0D’uusaemfhudk pDumyufuHk;ajymjycJh.?

&GmwGif ausmaxmufaemufcHr&Sdonfhtjyif olESifhtwl vkyftm;vmay;ae=u&onfhZ&yf}uD;&Gmom;rsm;vnf; wvudk;oDwif; &GmESifha0;vHonfhae&mwGif vkyftm;ay;ae=u&ojzifh‘tokb’udpPudk wifhawmifhwihfw,fjjzpfatmif rpDpOfEd kif=u? wmab;u+cHK HykwftpyfaeyluGif;}uD;xJwGif 0g;pifay:zsmESifhvdyf+yD; tavmif;pifjyifcJh=u&.? vkyftm;ay;tcsif;csif;wusyfwefonf ESpfusyfwefonfpkum/ teD;qHk;&Gmu "gwfpufiSm;+yD;zGifh&.? ‘ra'0D’uvkyftm;ay;rsm;udk aps;awmif;acgif;&Guf rkef@vd kufa&mif;&if;u tokbudpPudkawGŒ+yD;pdwfraumif;jzpfrd[efwlavonf?

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rsufqefjyL;+yD; b,fvdkjzpfoGm;wmvJ ”“atmf / aps;a&mif;xGufcgeD;=uumrS bmrajymnmrajym pum;ajymp&m&Sdw,fqdkawmh/

tHHh=ooGm;vdk@yguGm.... / uJ.... ajym bmajymrvdk@vJ”ra'0D u wJayguf0wGifyif ajcaxmufwGJavmif;csxdkif&if; usaemfhudk +yHK;+yD;=unfhaeonf?“armfpDwkef;wdk@ [dkcsDrif;wdk@u uAsma&;=uw,faemfarmif.... ”

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usaemfu oJoJuGJuGJ=um;vdkufonfhwdkif em;udkr,HkEdkifatmif jzpf&ojzifh olŒudk a=umif+yD;ai;=unfhaerdonf? &kwfw&uf bmajym&rSef;yifrod?

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77


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78


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အလင္းအိမ္မဂၢဇင္း အတြဲ (၅) အမွတ္ (၈)

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