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Tavi |

interpersonaluri mizidva: afilacia, mowoneba siyvaruli.

erTi saintereso kvleva ganaxorcieles Reed Larson-ma damisma kolegebma. maT mozrdilebis da teneijerebis garkve-ul jgufs sTxoves erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi mudmivadetarebinaT eleqtronuli peijeri. subieqtebs unda dae-fiqsirebinaT Tu drois ama Tu im monakveTSi ras akeTeb-dnen da visTan erTad iyvnen, iyvnen martoni Tu vinmesTanerTad. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom mozrdilebi am erTi kvirisganmavlobaSi martoni rCebodnen mTeli drois 29,1% -xolo sxvebTan erTad iyvnen mTeli drois 70%. tenei-jerebi drois 25,9% iyvnen marto da 74,1% - iyvnen sxvebTanerTad.

SesaZloa, am sakiTxs kvleva arc ki sWirdeboda.TiTqosda es TavisTavad cxadia. adamianisaf tendenciaiyos sxva adamianebTan, miekuTvnebodes ama Tu im jgufsaisaxa definiciaSi, rom adamiani aris socialuricxoveli. rogorc adre aRvniSneT, es tendencia antikuriperiodidanaa cnobili. mravali aseuli weliafilosofosebi, politikosebi, religiis liderebi damwerlebi miuTiTeben adamianebis jogurobaze, ixilavensakiTxs kargia Tu cudi sazogadoeba. maTgan gansxvavebiTsocialur fsiqologias ainteresebs mizezi - ainteresebspasuxi kiTxvaze ratom?

garda amisa, adamianebs yovelTvis ainteresebdaT daainteresebT Tu ramdenad moswonT is sxvebs, ra faqtorebigansazRvraven simpatia antipatiis grZnobas, - ra gansa-zRvravs adamianebs Soris ufro Rrma, emocionaluridamokidebulebis Camoyalibebas da mis SenarCunebas da a.S.es sakiTxebi socialuri fsiqologiis intensiuri kvlevissagani gaxda gansakuTrebiT meoce saukunis 70-aniwlebidan. am TavSi Cven SevecdebiT gavaanalizoTafiliaciis tendenciis arsi, faqtorebi, romlebicgavlenas axdenen afilaciis tendenciaze. Semdeg gavarCevTinterpersonaluri mizidvis principebs, gavarCevT imempiriul gamokvlevebs, romlebic miznad isaxaven imfaqtorebis dadgenas, romlebic gansazRvraven

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interpersonalur mowonebas. mere SevexebiT inter-personaluri urTierTobis ufro specifikur formebs.

afiliacia

rogorc aRvniSneT, adamianebi miiswrafvian erTmaneTisa-ken, surT miekuTvnebodnen amaTu im jgufs. adamianebisaseT erTad cxovrebisaken miswrafebasebas uwodeben afi-liaciis tendencias. afiliacia, rogorc socialuri aqtio-bis erTerTi forma, raTqmaunda socialuri fsiqologiiskvlevis problematikaSi Semodis. socialuri fsiqologiacdilobs axsnas Tu ratom undaT adamianebs erTad yofna?arsebobs am kiTxvaze pasuxis ori done: pirveli, afilia-ciis tendenciis e.w. bazisuri axsna da meore, im speci-fikur faqtorebze miTiTeba, romlebic gavlenas axdenen amtendenciaze.

afiliaciis tendenciis bazisuri axsna, faqtiuradwarmoadgens cvladebis im zogad klasze miTiTebas,romlebic gansazRvraven mas. aseT zogad faqtorebadganixilebian instiqtebi, Sinagani determinantebi dadaswavla.

instiqtebi. afiliaciis tendenciis instinqtebiT axsnaemyareba zogad daSvebas, rom afiliacia, iseve rogorcnebismieri moTxovnileba Tandayolilia. iseve rogorcWianWvelebi qmnian koloniebs, adamianebi cxovroben jgufe-bad da es ara imitom, rom maTi azriT ase sjobia an ufrosasargebloa. iseve rogorc bavSvi iwyebs wovas imisgaazrebis gareSe kargia es Tu cudi, afiliacia xorci-eldeba yovelgvari azrovnebisa da fiqris gareSe. erTisityviT, CaTvlilia, rom adamianebi ibadebian mravaligenetikurad determinirebuli maxasiaTeblebiT da maTSorisaa erTad cxovrebis tendencia. socialur fsiqo-logiaSi am midgomis erTerTi pioneria mak-dugali. mak-dugali jogurobas, Tavisi Sesabamisi martivi sentimentiTTvlis rom warmoadgens adamianis erTerT instinqts, mismier CamoTvlili 14 instinqtidan.

rom araferi vTqvaT imaze, rom instinqtis Teoriuliaxsna, saerTod ar warmoadgens mecnierul axsnas rom ase-Ti axsna tavtologiaa da a.S. praqtikulad SeuZlebeliaafiliaciis tendenciis instinqtiT axsnis hipoTezis eqspe

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rimentuli Semowmeba. SeuZlebelia es rogorc eTikuri, iseteqnikuri TvalsazrisiT. teqnikurad, es imas niSnavs, rombavSvi dabadebidanve aRvzardoT srul izolaciaSi davnaxoT eqneba Tu ara afiliaciis tendencia, risi gan-xorcielebac principulad SeuZlebelia. afiliaciisinstinqtebiT axsna WeSmaritic rom iyos misi pirdapirikvleva SeuZlebelia.

Tandayolili determinantebi. afiliaciis Tandayoli-li determinantebiT axsna miuTiTebs imaze, rom is mize-zobrivad ganpirobebulia Cvili bavSvis TaviseburebiT. esmidgoma ar uSvebs, rom afiliacia genetikuradaa ganpi-robebuli, aramed Tvlis, rom is ganpirobebulia gansa-kuTrebuli ususurobiT. bavSvi imdenad ususuri ibadeba,rom is mTlianad dedazea damokidebuli da es ususurobisperiodi sakmaod xangrZlivia. ase, rom mSoblis gareSebavSvi daiRupeba. ufro meti, bavSvis ususuroba imdenadmoiTxovs dedis yuradRebas rom am drois ganmavlobaSidedaze sxvam unda izrunos. dedas ar rCeba dro Tavis-Tavze zrunvisaTvis. es midgoma uSvebs, rom adamianisaTvisdamaxasiaTebelia 3joguroba4 aucileblobis gamo da araimitom, rom es instinqturad aqvs miRebuli. maS, Tandayo-lil determinantebSi igulisxmeba bavSvis specifikurisisuste. specifikuri ususuroba mizezobrivad gansa-zRvravs afiliaciis tendencias.

daswavla anu afiliaciis tendenciis axsna daswavliT.es midgoma uSvebs, rom adamiani iZens (swavlobs) afilia-cias iseve rogorc is swavlobs Cveulebriv bevr rames.adamiani bavSvobidanve swavlobs rom misi moTxovnilebebisdakmayofileba damokidebulia sxvebze. bavSvi swavlobsgarkveul Cvevebs, ayalibebs Tavis cxovrebas da swavlobsagreTve afiliacias, da amiT xdeba is sxva adamianebismsgavsi.

afiliaciis tendenciis specifikuri mizezebi

instinqti, Sinagani daterminantebi da daswavla ro-gorc aRvniSneT, warmoadgenen afiliaciis tendenciis bazi-sur axsnas, magram arafers amboben im specifikur cvla-debze, romlebic akontroleben afiliaciis tendencias. TuvityviT, rom cxoveli Wams imitom rom aqvs TandayolilimoTxovnileba, an imitom rom iswavla Wama, raTqmaunda Cven

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swori viqnebiT, magram verafers vigebT TviT Wamaze. magramTu ganvixilavT Wamas 7 saaTiani deprivaciis Semdeg, an TuganvsazRvravT sisxlis SemadgenlobaSi Saqris dones, CvenviZleviT specifikur codnas SimSilisa da Wamis Sesaxebda SegviZlia gavakontroloT sakvebis raodenoba romelicunda miiRos cxovelma.

zogad da specifikur axsnas Soris aseTi gansxvavebamisaRebia afiliaciis mimarTac. Tanamedrove socialurifsiqologia umTavresad am sakiTxs exeba. socialurifsiqologia cdilobs gansazRvros faqtorebi, romlebiczrdian an amcireben afiliaciis tendencias, cdilobsaRmoaCinos is specifikuri pirobebi, romlebic iZlevianafiliaciis mizezebis da bunebis ufro Rrma gagebas.

fsiqologiis zogadi midgoma am sakiTxisadmi arismiiRos monacemebi kontrolirebul situaciaSi. es imasniSnavs, rom eqsperimentul situaciaSi axdenen erTi anmeti faqtoris variacias, raTa gansazRvron Tu es faqto-rebi rogor moqmedeben afiliaciis tendenciaze.

SiSi da afiliacia. afiliaciis tendenciis sistematurieqsperimentuli gamokvleva mogvca Sexterma (Stanli Schachter).savsebiT samarTlianad, is iwyebs miTiTebiT, rom raTadavadginoT pirobebi, romelSiac afiliaciis tendenciaZlierdeba an mcirdeba, unda davakvirdeT imas Tu ra mos-diT adamianebs, roca maT ara aqvT afiliaciis SesaZ-lebloba. Tu afiliacia aris moTxovnileba, es moTxov-nileba gamoikveTeba roca individi moklebulia misidakmayofilebis wyaros.

SemTxvevebis Seswavla, roca adamiani totalur izo-laciaSi aRmoCnda - zogierTi religiuri seqtis wevroba,mogzaurobisas, okeaneSi xomaldis CaZirvis Semdeg Sem-TxveviT gadarCenili individis ukacriel kunZulzemoxvedra, izolaciis eqsperimentebis monawileebi -safiqrebelia rom gviCveneben raRac amis msgavss. aseTixangrZlivi izolaciis Sesaxeb angariSebSi, memuarebSi daa.S. miTiTebulia, SiSis grZnobaze romelsac Tan axlavsSfoTva. erTi sityviT xangrZlivi izolacia iwvevs ZlierSiSs da SfoTvas. Sexterma Tavis kvlevebs safuZvladdaudo es faqti da scada kontrolirebul situaciaSiekvlia Tu ra damokidebuleba arsebobs SiSsa daafiliaciis tendencias Soris. Tu izolacia iwvevs SiSs,

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SiSis arsebobam unda mogvces afiliaciis survili.Sesabamisad Sexterma wamoayena hipoTeza Zlierma SiSmaunda gamoiwvios afiliaciis ufro Zlieri tendencia vidresustma SiSma. gansxvavebuli doniT SeSinebulma adamianebmaunda gamoavlinon afiliaciis gansxvavebuli doneebi.Sexterma SesZlo am hipoTezis Semowmeba kontrolirebulsituaciaSi.

eqsperimentuli procedura - subieqtebi SeyavdaT labo-ratoriaSi sadac Warbad iyo eleqtromowyobiloba. subieq-tebs uxsnidnen, rom eqsperimenti exeboda mexsierebazeeleqtroSokis gavlenis kvlevas. raTa SeeqmnaT SiSis gan-sxvavebuli doneebi, eqsperimentatori axdenda Sokis gan-sxvavebul interpretacias. SiSis maRali donis eqsperimen-tuli pirobebis Sesaqmnelad eleqtroSoks aRwerdnen didimuqaris terminebSi. kerZod, subieqtebs eubnebodnen, rom3Soki iqneba mtkivneuli... ukiduresad mtkivneuli, magramar eqneba Semdgomi efeqti4. ganumartavdnen, rom kvleviswarmatebisaTvis saWiroa intensiuri Sokis gamoyeneba daa.S.

dabali SiSis eqsperimentuli pirobebis Sesaqmneladsubieqtebs eubnebodnen, rom Soki ar iqneba mtkivneuli,iqneba Zalian susti da a.S.

amis Semdeg, TiTqosda aparaturis mosamzadeblad saWi-ro iyo garkveuli dro da am drois ganmavlobaSi, subieq-tebs SeeZloT aerCiaT Tu sad moisurvebdnen mocdas. arCe-vani TviTon subieqtebs unda gaekeTebinaT, airCevdnen isinimocdas calke Tu sxvebTan erTad. Tu airCevdnen martomocdas mzad iyo oTaxi, sadac SeiZleboda mocda sakmaodkomfortul pirobebSi. Tu airCevdnen sxvebTan erTadmocdas saamisod mzad iyo meore oTaxi. e.i. subieqtebsTxovdnen aerCiaT sxvebTan erTad undodaT mocda Tu mar-to. eqsperimentis Sedegebi adasturebda hipoTezas. ZlieriSiSis dros subieqtebi arCevdnen sxvebTan erTad yofnas.

garda amisa ikvlies ganusazRvrelobis gavlena afilia-ciis tendenciaze. hipoTezirebuli iyo rom adamianebseqnebaT meti afiliaciis tendencia ganusazRvrel situ-aciaSi. kvlevebi adasturebs am hipoTezasac.ikvlies agreTve SfoTvis (SiSis msgavsi emocionaluri

mdgomareoba, roca SiSis obieqturi pirobebi ar arsebobs)gavlena afiliaciis tendenciaze. SfoTvis eqsperimentuli

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pirobebis Sesaqmnelad gamoyenebuli iyo nevrotuli anmoraluri SfoTvis gamomwvevi situacia, romelic uxer-xulobis grZnobas gamoiwvevda subieqtebSi. hipoTezi-rebuli iyo, rom rac ufro maRali iqneboda SfoTvisdone, miT ufro Zlieri iqneboda marto yofnis tendencia.kvleviTi monacemebi adasturebden hipoTezas (Sarnof &Zimbardo, 1961).

arsebobs SiSsa da afiliaciis tendencias Soris urTi-erTobis amxsneli ori Teoria. (1) SiSis Semcirebis da (2)socialuri Sedarebis Teoria.

SiSis Semcirebis Teoria emyareba daswavlis ganmtkice-bis Teorias. ganmtkiceba ganixileba rogorc moTxovnile-bis dakmayofileba. reaqcia romelsac mohyveba moTxovnile-bis dakmayofileba mtkicdeba (e.i. daiswavleba). navarau-devia, rom SiSis grZnoba qmnis misi Semcirebis an moxsnistendencias da SeSinebul adamians imitom unda sxvasTanerTad yofna (afiliacia) rom es iwvevs SiSis Semcirebas.eqsperimentma daadastura es hipoTezac. Sexteris mierSemoTavazebul situaciaSi, roca subieqtebs unda moexdi-naT marto mocdasa da sxvasTan erTad mocdas SorisarCevani, instruqcias daemata erTi niuansi, sxvebTanerTad mocdis arCevis SemTxvevaSi maT ekrZalebodaTeqsperimentSi CarTul sakiTxebze saubari. e.i. maT SeeZloTsaubari mxolod im sakiTxze, romelic eqsperiments arexeboda. amiTi varaudobdnen rom gaZneldeboda azrTaurTierTgaziarebiT SiSis Semcireba. aseT situaciaSimoelodnen, rom afiliaciis tendencia Semcirdeboda. Sede-gebma daadastura molodinebi.

socialuri Sedarebis Teoria - Teoria emyareba mosa-zrebas, rom adamians aqvT moTxovnileba icodes TavisTavi- misi unarebi Tvisebebi da maT Soris emociebic. radganar arsebobs maTi gazomvis teqnikuri saSualebebi,adamianebi amas axerxeben TavisTavis sxvasTan SedarebiT.SeSinebul adamians CaTvlilia rom surs icodes TavisiSiSis zusti maxasiaTeblebi da amis gagebas Seecdeba Ta-vis massave mdgomareobaSi myof individTan SedarebiT. amhipoTezis Sesamowmeblad eqsperimentul pirobebs daemataaxali niuansi. Zlieri SiSis eqsperimentul situaciaSisubieqtebs romlebic irCevdnen sxvasTan erTad yofnasmisces aseTi alternativa, surdaT moecadaT Tavissave

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mdgomareobaSi myof individebTan (e.i. romlebic mona-wileobas iRebdnen amave eqsperimentSi da iyvnen mosacdeloTaxSi) Tu oTaxSi sadac iyvnen sxva individebi romleb-sac am eqsperimentTan raime Sexeba ar hqondaT. hipoTezisTanaxmad, aseT situaciaSi subieqtebs unda aerCiaT massavemdgomareobaSi myof adamianebTan mocda. Sedegebma daadas-tura hipoTeza.

socialuri urTierTobis sikeTe

SiSisa da ganusazRvrelobis Semcireba ar aris erTad-erTi mizezi Tu ratom undaT adamianebs sxvebTan erTadyofna. socialur fsiqologiaSi aris im sikeTis tipo-logiis cda, romelsac iReben individebi socialuriurTierTobebidan. afiliaciis moTxovnebis sainteresoanalizi SemogvTavaza vaisma. man CamoTvala eqvsi bazisuri3socialuri urTierTobis Sedegi4 (Robert Weiss, 1974).

1. uSualo mWidro kavSiri aris uSiSroebisa da kom-fortis grZnoba, romelsac uzrunvelyofs Cveni mWidrourTierTobebi. bavSvi mWidrodaa kavSirSi mSobelTan.mozrdilebi aseT intimurobas ganicdian meuRlisadmi,megobrebisadmi.

2. socialuri integracia aris gaziarebuli interesebisda atitudebis qona. es xSirad uzrunvelyofiliaurTierTobebiT megobrebTan, TanamSromlebTan, erTigundis wevrebTan, eklesiasTan, mezoblebTan da a.S. aseTiurTierTobebi miuTiTeben kompanionobaze da iZleva soci-umisadmi mikuTvnebis grZnobas.

3. Rirsebis dacva uzrunvelyofilia roca sxvebi mxarsuWeren Cvens grZnobas rom varT kompetenturni da mniSvne-lobis mqone individebi.

4. sando kavSiris grZnoba gulisxmobs imis codnas, romarseboben adamianebi, romlebic saWiroebis SemTxvevaSidagvexmarebian.

5. xelmZRvaneloba uzrunvelyofilia konsultantebis,maswavleblebis, eqimebis, megobrebis da sxvaTa mier rom-lebsac mivmarTavT rCevisa da informaciisaTvis.

6. mzrunvelobis SesaZlebloba aris maSin, rodesacpasuxismgebelni varT sxva pirebis keTildReobisaTvis.

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sxvebisaTvis zrunva uzrunvelyofs Cvens grZnobas, romsaWironi da mniSvnelovanni varT.

cnobilia socialuri urTierTobebis sikeTis gansxva-vebuli tipologiac, sadac xazgasma keTdeba pirovnuliurTierTobebis gansxvavebul funqciebze. zogierTi mkvle-vari dainteresebulia imiT, Tu ra wvlili Seaqvs inter-personalur urTierTobebs fsiqikuri da fizikuri jan-mrTelobis saqmeSi, am aspeqtiT dominirebulia socialurimxardaWeris cneba. miuTiTeben socialuri mxardaWerisgansxvavebul saxeebze: instrumentaluri mxardaWera, igu-lisxmeba finansuri an sxva sikeTiT mxardaWera anmomsaxureobiTi daxmareba da informaciuli mxardaWera,saxelmZRvaneloebiT, rCevebiT da sasargeblo informaciiTmxardaWera.

dedamiwaze mcxovreb miliardobiT adamianebidan TiTo-euls CvenTagans urTierToba aqvs mxolod Zalian mcirenawilTan. Cven tendencia gvaqvs SevzRudoT im adamianebisraodenoba, romelTanac urTierToba gvaqvs im codniT, racgvaqv maT Sesaxeb mocemul momentSi. im mcire nawilidanadamianebisa visac vxvdebiT Cven seleqcias vaxdenT TuvisTan davamyaroT metnaklebad mWidro urTierToba. dgebasakiTxi ris safuZvelze vaxdenT SerCevas Tu vin undavicodeT da visi ignorireba movaxdinoT? socialur fsiqo-logiaSi es sakiTxi ganixileba interpersonaluri mizid-vis problematikaSi.

interpersonaluri mizidva

socialur fsiqologiur literaturaSi mizidva damowoneba ganixilebian TiTqmis rogorc sinonimuri cnebebi.mowonebaSi igulisxmeba pirveladi pozitiuri emocionalu-ri damokidebuleba romelic SemdgomSi ufro Rrmaemocionalur damokidebulebaSi SeiZleba gadaizardos.erTi sityviT, mowoneba (mizidva) warmoadgens atitudsromelic gviyalibdeba sxva adamianis Sesaxeb da aseTiatitudis CamoyalibebaSi ZiriTad rols afeqti TamaSobs.e.i. interpersonaluri mizidva gulisxmobs interperso-nalur Sefasebas, romelic mowoneba-armowonebis ganzo-milebaSi lokalizirdeba. socialuri percepciis ganxil-visas Cven vnaxeT, rom individis mier individis aRqmaSiwamyvania saSemfaseblo ganzomileba, romelsac emocio-

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naluri elferi aqvs. rodesac vinmes an rames vafasebT amobieqtisadmi pozitiuri grZnoba gadamwyvetia misi Sefa-sebisaTvis.

mowoneba gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa interpersona-lur urTierTobaSi, radgan amiT ganisazRvreba individe-bis urTierTqmedeba. mowoneba praqtikulad moqmedebsurTierTobis nebismier fazaze - Tu ramdenad irCeven isinierTmaneTs, ramdenad axdenen gavlenas erTmaneTze da a.S.rodesac individi xvdeba vinmes pirveli kiTxva romelsacis svams aris Semdegi: momwons is me? movewone me mas?

nebismieri individi (Tqvenis CaTvliT) moswons zogi-erTs, ar moswons zogierTs da zogierTi mis mimarTneitralur damokidebulebas iCens. dgeba sakiTxi, ragansazRvravs imas, Tu vin mogvewoneba da vin ara? undavivaraudoT, rom mowoneba efuZneba TviT im pirisindividualur maxasiaTeblebs da qcevebs, visac afaseben(mag. misi xibli, goniereba da a.S.). e.i. Cven vreagirebT imindividebis garkveul aspeqtebze visac vafasebT, CveniSefaseba am aspeqtebs efuZneba. magram aRmoCnda, rom Cvensmowoneba armowonebaze gavlenas axdenen faqtorebi,romlebsac araferi aqvT saerTo TviT individTan. xSirad,aRmoCnda, rom mowonebaze gavlenas axdens Tu rogorinterpretacias aZlevs Semfasebeli Sesafasebeli pirisindividualur maxasiaTeblebs (mag. xibls da gonierebas).mowoneba nawilobriv damokidebulia agreTve Semfasebelda Sesafasebel individebs Soris msgavseba gansxvavebaze(mag. gansxvaveba demografiul monacemebSi, rwmenebSi,atitudebSi da a.S.). bolos, mowonebaze gavlenas axdensagreTve socialuri kontaqtebi, romlebSic urTierT-qmedeben isini.

bolos, mowonebaze moqmedebs agreTve afiliaciismoTxovnileba Tu ramdenadaa is Semfaseblis pirovnulimaxasiaTebeli.

interpersonaluri mizidvis kvlevebis mizania im faqto-rebis identifikacia, romlebic gansazRvraven interperso-nalur Sefasebas.

siaxlove - rogorc mowonebis ganmsazRvreli

nacnoboba ufro xSirad iwyeba SemTxveviTi kontaqte-biT. SemTxveviTi kontaqtebis seriebs mivyavarT nacnobobis

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Camoyalibebamde. fsiqologiurad Cven vgrZnobT metkomfortulobas nacnobi saxeebis garemocvaSi. SemCneulia,rom infantebic ki pozitiurad reagireben ucxoze, misiramdenimejer danaxvis Semdeg. Tavidan ki ucxos danaxvazeinfantebi negatiuradad reagireben.

jer kidev 30-an wlebSi dadgenil iqna, rom garemos isaspeqtebi romlebic zrdis (fizikuri manZili) ori indivi-dis regularuli Sexvedris Sanss, zrdis albaTobas, romisini TandaTan nacnobebi gaxdebian da moewonebaT erTma-neTi (Festinger,Schachter & Back,1950). mag. universitetSi audi-toriaSi erTmaneTis gverdiT jdomiT, an studenTa saerTosacxovrebelSi erTad yofniT, studentebi xdebian nacno-bebi da yalibdeba mowonebiTi damokidebuleba, miuxedavadimisa aqvT Tu ara msgavsi akademiuri moswreba, socialurifoni an hobi.

siaxlovis faqtoris mniSvnelobis sakiTxTan dakavSire-biT saintereso kvleva ganaxorciela vaitma (W. H. Whyte,1956). kvleva Catarda axal aSenebul suburbanul dasax-lebaSi - sadac yvela saxli erTmaneTis msgavsi iyo,mcxovreblebma saxlebi da mezoblebi airCies SemTxveviTiprincipiT. dasaxlebaSi ar arsebobda 3ukeTesi4 zona daufro iafi saxli. dasaxlebis sxvadasxva nawili argansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisagan. e.i. am qalaqis mosaxleobawarmoadgenda adamianebis sakmaod did jgufs, romelicsaxlebSi SemTxveviTi principiT gaanawiles.

dakvirveba xdeboda imaze, Tu vin vis epatiJeboda, vinvisTan daiwyebda megobrobas - saerTo Sedegi iyo is, romdamegobrdnen is individebi, romlebic erTmaneTTan axloscxovrobdnen.

aseTive efeqti iyo miRebuli festinjeris da misikolegebis kvlevaSi (Festinger,Schachter & Back), romlebmacikvlies megobrobis nimuSebis Camoyalibeba mravalbiniansaxlebSi. akvirdebodnen 70 orsarTulian saxlSi gana-wilebul macxovreblebs. saxli Seicavda 10 binas, 5 pir-vel sarTulze da 5 meoreze. macxovreblebi SemTxveviTiprincipiT ikavebdnen binas. e.i. TviTon ar irCevdnen arcbinas da arc mezoblebs. yovel mobinadres dausves kiTxva3am saxlSi mcxovreb romel sam adamians xedav socialu-rad ufro xSirad4? aqac Sedegebi aCvenebdnen, rom ufromWidro urTierToba yalibdeboda im adamianebs Soris,

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romlebic fizikurad erTmaneTTan ufro axlos cxovrobd-nen. dgeba sakiTxi ratom?

gameorebuli eqspoziciis efeqti. varaudoben, rom fizi-kuri siaxlove gavlenas axdens mowonebaze gameorebulieqspoziciis gamo. anu sivrciTi ganlagebis gamo zogierTiadamiani ufro xSirad xvdeba erTmaneTs da ganicdebian,rogorc maTi regularuli yoveldRiuri rutinis nawili.Tu rogor SeiZleba ganmeorebulma eqspoziciam gavlenamoaxdinos mowonebaze SesaniSnavi gamokvleva SemogvTavazazaionkma (Zajonc,1968). erTerT kvlevaSi subieqtebs aCveneb-dnen ekranze Turqul sityvebs (igulisxmeba rom subi-eqtebma ar ician Turquli). sityvebis eqspoziciisas ramde-nime sityva meordeboda, sxvebTan SedarebiT ufro xSirad.amis Semdeg subieqtebs sTxovdnen moeZebnaT sityvebismniSvneloba. aRmoCnda rom arsebobda Zlieri tendenciamieweraT pozitiuri mniSvneloba xSirad gameorebulisityvebisaTvis (igive dadasturda rodesac Turqulisityvebis nacvlad eqsperimentSi uazro sityvebi iyogamoyenebuli). am efeqts zaionki uwodebs gameorebulieqspoziciis efeqts. xSiri eqspozicia iwvevs nacnobobisgancdas, rasac mihyavs individi mowonebamde.

meore kvlevaSi zaionki subieqts uCvenebs adamianebispasportul suraTs da sTxovs Sefasebas Tu ramdenadmoswondaT TiToeuli suraTSi aRbeWdili da rogorfiqrobdnen, ramdenad moewonebodaT is adamiani, romlissuraTsac aTvaliereben. amasTan eqsperimentis ganmav-lobaSi subieqtebi zogierT suraTs xedavdnen erTxel anorjer, xolo zogierTs uCvenebdnen ocjer an metjer.Sedegebi aCvenebdnen, rom aqac nacnobobas (xSir eqspo-zicias) qonda igive efeqti. rac ufro xSirad xedavdasubieqti suraTs, miT ufro moswonda is da afiqsirebda,rom moewoneboda is individi, romelic suraTze iyogamoxatuli.

bolos unda aRiniSnos agreTve fridmanis, karlsmitisda soumis eqsperimenti, romelic adamianebis uSualonacnobobis efeqts exeba. subieqturi wyvilebi, labo-ratoriul situaciaSi, xvdebian erTmaneTs samjer, eqvsjeran Tormetjer. subieqtebi manamde ar icnobdnen erTmaneTsda ar iyo dagegmili maTi winaswari saubrebi. Sexvedrebisseriebis Semdeg subieqtebs sTxovdnen eTqvaT ramdenad

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moswonda yovel maTgans meore subieqti. SedegebiaCvenebda, rom rac ufro xSiri iyo Sexvedrebi, miT ufromoswondaT erTmaneTi (Freedman, Karlsmith & Soumy, 1967)

sargeblianoba - siaxlovis efeqtis umartivesi axsnaais, rom adamianebi romlebic axlos arian erTmaneTisagan,ufro asargebleben erTmaneTs, vidre isini romlebic Sorsarian. individs ar SeiZleba moswondes an megobari iyosmisi visac ar icnobs, an megobari iyos misi visac iSviaTadxvdeba. adamianebi megobrebad irCeven imas, visac kargadicnoben. sxvaTa Soris mtersac am principiT irCevsadamiani. damokidebuleba rogorc pozitiuri ise nega-tiuri, Cveulebriv imaTTan gvaqvs, visac sistematuradxvdebiT, visac vicnobT. erTi saintereso niuansia SemCne-uli siaxlovesa da mowonebas Soris damokidebulebaSi,kerZod rom siaxlove upirveles yovlisa ufro pozitiururTierTobas uyris safuZvels vidre negatiurs.

gagrZelebuli urTierTqmedeba. rodesac individma icis,rom moxvdeba garkveul situaciaSi, is cdilobsdaarwmunos TavisTavi, rom es iqneba sasiamovno an yovelSemTxvevaSi, arc ise arasasiamovno iqneba. aseve, individs,romelic momavalSi vinmesTan urTierTobas moelis, ten-dencia aqvs gaazviados misi pozitiuri Tvisebebi damoaxdinos negatiuri Tvisebebis ignorireba, yovelSemTxvevaSi Seamciros misi negatiuri Tvisebebis xarisxi.erTi sityviT, adamianebi cdiloben daarwmunon TavianTiTavi, rom urTierTobebi sasiamovno iqneba. cxadia, rocaindividi winaswar gadawyvets, rom individi kargia, masufro moewoneba es individi roca Sexvdeba mas momavalSi.Tu is individi karis mezobelia, individi interesiTmoelis masTan kontaqtebs da surs rom es kontaqtebisasiamovno iyos. e.i. adamianebi motivirebulni arianpozitiurad aRiqvan is individi, romelTanac SemdegurTierTobebs moelis (mezobeli, an universitetis pirvel-kurselebi erTmaneTis percepciaSi). es kargad damtkicdamTel rig kvlevebSi.

sxva adamianebTan mosalodnel urTierTqmedebas aqvsmeore efeqtic. garda imisa, rom sasiamovno pirovnebasmoelis, aseT situaciaSi adamians tendencia aqvs TviTonacsasiamovno STabeWdileba datovos da Sesabamisad iqceva.pirvel Sexvedrebze, icis ra rom Sexvedrebi xSiri iqneba,

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individi cdilobs iyos momxiblavi, Tavs aridebs kon-fliqts, mxars uWers megobrulobas. amrigad, roca indi-videbi moelian momaval xangrZliv urTierTobebs, metiaalbaToba rom gaxdnen megobrebi. amas xels uwyobs ro-gorc percepciuli darRveva, ise mcdeloba datovos sxva-ze kargi STabeWdileba.

winaswarmetyvelebadoba. siaxlovis efeqtis gansxvavebu-li axsna mdgomareobs imaSi, Tu ramdenad SegviZlia indi-vidis qcevis winaswarmetyveleba. dasaSvebia, rom rac uf-ro xSirad vxvdebiT individs, miT ufro kargad vecnobiTmas da ukeTesad SegviZlia winaswarmetyveleba imisa, TuamaTu im situaciaSi rogor moiqceva is. roca Cven SegviZ-lia imis winaswarmetyveleba, Tu rogor moiqceva an rogorireagirebs Cvens qcevaze sxva, miT ufro naklebadaa mosa-lodneli, rom iqneba momabezrebeli, da piriqiT, CvencviqnebiT naklebad momabezrebeli misTvis. bolosdabolos,individebi swavloben Tu rogor moiqcnen raTa Tavidanaicilon usiamovnebani da amdenad ar iZlevian usiamovne-bebis mizezs ganzraxvis gareSe. es tendencia aadvilebsmegobrobas.

gamonaklisebi siaxlovis pozitiur efeqtebSi. aRmoCnda,rom xSiri kontaqti yovelTvis ar gvaZlevs mowonebas. Tuindividi pirvel SexvedraSi uaryofiT STabeWdilebastovebs, momdevno Sexvedrebi ver gazrdis mowonebas. sawyi-si Sefasebis da mowonebas Soris urTierTobas exeba frid-manisa da siumis (1967) kvlevebi. eqsperimentSi, asistentslaboratoriaSi Semoyavs sami subieqti, sadac maT xvdebakidev erTi subieqti romelic faqtiurad aris eqsperimen-tatoris Tanamonawile. erTi sityviT oTxive - sami namdvi-li da erTi cru subieqti ucdis eqsperimentatoris mosv-las. sanam eqsperimentatori gamoCndeba cru subieqtiaxorcielebs garkveul aqtiobebs, romelic subieqtebseCvenebaT an rogorc sasiamovno, an rogorc ara sasi-amovno. pirvel SemTxvevaSi cru cdispiri asistentsekiTxeba Tu sad aris eqsperimentatori, rom is wuxs imaze,aris Tu ara yvelaferi wesrigSi. asistenti uxsnis, romprofesori cotaTi dakavebulia da male mova. cru cdis-piri madlobas uxdis asistents da agrZelebs mocdas.saubari mimdinareobs sakmaod zrdilobian tonSi, cru

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subieqti amJRavnebs interes da zrunvas da ara gabrazebas,amis Semdeg Semodis eqsperimentatori da iwyeba kvleva.

meore, arasasiamovno STabeWdilebis situaciaSi urTi-erToba diametrulad gansxvavebulia. cru subieqti iwyebslaparaks sakmaod gaRizianebuli toniT, moiTxovs sakmaoduxeSad, uTxran bolosdabolos sad aris eqsperimentato-ri, ratom droze ar movida. rom didi xania icdis da arapirebs drois xarjvas am suleluri eqsperimentisaTvis.rodesac asistenti cdilobs auxsnas mdgomareoba, is iye-nebs sakmaod damamcirebel epiTetebs, awyvetinebs maslaparaks da a.S. am dros Semodis eqsperimentatori daiwyeba kvleva. am incidents hqonda garkveuli efeqti.aRmoCnda, rom subieqtebs hqondaT tendencia moswondeTsasiamovno cru subieqti da ar moswondeT arasasiamovnosubieqti.

amis Semdeg subieqtebi xvdebodnen amave cru subieqtssamjer, an eqvsjer, an Tormetjer. bolos cdispirebssTxovdnen mieTiTebinaT Tu ramdenad moswondaT is. ro-gorc moelodnen, rac ufro xSiri iyo sasiamovno subi-eqtTan Sexvedra, miT ufro moswondaT is subieqtebs; dapiriqiT, arasasiamovno subieqtebis Sefasebaze gavlenas araxdenda Sexvedrebis sixSire. imaT, romlebic cru subi-eqtebs Tormetjer xvdebodnen ufro ar moswondaT is,imaTTan SedarebiT, romlebic eqvsjer an samjer xvdeboda.e.i. nacnoboba (xSiri eqspozicia) iZleoda mowonebis gazr-das imis mimarT, romlic Tavidan neitralurad iyoSefasebulni, magram ar hqonda araviTari efeqti, rocaTavidan cru subieqtis mimarT armowonebas ganicdidnen. esxdeba maSin, roca sxva danarCeni pirobebi ucvlelia.SesaZlebelia ufro eqstensiur kontaqtebs moeca mowone-bis gazrda am arasasiamovno cru cdispiris mimarTac,magram im SemTxvevaSi Tu raRacnairad pirobebi Seicvleba.

garda amisa, miuTiTeben, rom Tu sawyisi Sefaseba arissaSualod negatiuri, gazrdil nacnobobas eqneba garkve-uli efeqti. zaionkis zemoT miTiTebul eqsperimentSi,zogierTi sawyisi Sefaseba iyo negatiuris mxareze dadadasturda nacnobobis efeqti. amrigad, Cans, rom negati-ur sawyis Sefasebas aqvs nacnobobis efeqtis darRvevistendencia.

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rogorc prejudisebis ganxilvisas mivuTiTeT, xSirkontaqtebs SeuZlia prejudisebis Semcireba an moxsna,magram amisaTvis aucilebelia garkveuli pirobebis dacva,razedac Cven dawvrilebiT vilaparakeT da aq ar gavi-meorebT.

amrigad, kvleviTi monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom xSirkontaqtebs aqvT dadebiTi efeqti. siaxloves mivyavarTmowonebamde. pirvel rigSi, siaxlove adamianebs damegobre-bis saSualebas aZlevs. bolosdabolos megobars irCeveniqedan visac icnoben. garda amisa siaxlove gulisxmobsgagrZelebul urTierTobas da zrdis sxvisi qceviswinaswarmetyvelebis SesaZleblobas.

emocionaluri mdgomareoba rogorc mowonebisganmsazRvreli

Cven ganvicdiT da gamovxatavT emociebs Cvens yovel-dRiur cxovrebaSi. pozitiuri da negatiuri movlenebiCvens cxovrebaSi gavlenas axdens Cvens zogad guneba-ganwyobaze, anu afeqtur mdgomareobaze. Cveulebrivi termi-ni afeqti gamoiyeneba raTa miuTiToT emociebze dagrZnobebze. ori mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli afeqtisaaris intensioba (emociis siZliere) da mimarTuleba(emocia aris pozitiuri Tu negatiuri). afeqtis pozitiur-negatiuri ganzomileba qmnis kontinuums, romlis erTboloSi lokalizirdeba ukiduresad pozitiuri, xolomeore boloSi ukiduresad negatiuri afeqturi mdgoma-reoba, neitraluris gavliT. CaTvililia, rom afeqturimdgomareoba gavlenas axdens Cvens percepciaze, kogni-ciaze, motivaciaze, gadawyvetilebis miRebaze da inter-personalur Sefasebaze.

musika, emociebi da mowoneba. musika sakmaod gavrce-lebulia Cven sazogadebriv cxovrebaSi da amasTan isSeiZleba daeqvemdebaros individis kontrols. amdenadSeiZleba misi garedan kontrolireba. antropologma jeimsSaferma Semoiara asze meti Ramis kabare da SeamCnia, romsevdiani (minoruli) musikis foni asocirebuli iyo alko-holis naklebi raodenobiT miRebasTan. aqedan gamomdinaredasves sakiTxi, musikas, rogorc emociis gamomwvev sti-muls, aseve aqvs Tu ara gavlena interpersonalur qcevaze?

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mei da hamiltonma (May & Hamilton,1980) ikvlies emociebsada mizidvas Soris urTierToba musikis gamoyenebiT.mkvlevarebma jer ikvlies Tu romeli stilis musikamoswondaT kolejis student gogonebs. dadginda, rom maTrok-musika gacilebiT ufro moswondaT vidre klasikurimusika. amis Semdeg, gogona studentebs sTxovdnen ucxomamakacis suraTebis Sefasebas mowonebis skalaze. Sefa-sebis periodSi rogorc foni ismoda an rok-musikis hange-bi, an klasikuri musikis hangebi, an Sefaseba xdebodayovelgvari musikaluri fonis gareSe. Sedegebi aCvenebda,rom gogonebi met mowonebas gamoxatavdnen am suraTebisSefasebisas roca Sefaseba rok-musikis mosmenis fonzemimdinareobda. naklebi iyo mowonebis xarisxi klasikurimusikis fonis pirobebSi, da ufro naklebi iyo, rocaSefaseba musikaluri fonis gareSe xdeboda. garda amisazogierTi mamakacis suraTi rok-musikis fonze ufromimzidvelad fasdeboda, vidre klasikuri musikis fonze.amdenad, CaiTvala, rom musika moqmedebda individis guneba-ganwyobaze (afeqtur mdgomareobaze) guneba-ganwyoba kiinterpersonalur Sefasebaze.

emociis sxva wyaroebis efeqti. kvleviTi monacemebikonsistenturad miuTiTeben, rom movlenebi romlebiciwveven pozitiur grZnobebs zrdian interpersonalurmowonebas, xolo negatiuri movlenebi amcireben mas. mona-cemebi miRebuli iqna iseTi pirobebidan, rogoricaa maRa-li haeris temperatura, arakomfortabeluri notio oTaxi,keTili-daboloebis winaaRmdeg kritikuli filmebis yure-ba da a.S.

aseve kvlevebma aCvenes, rom depresiuli individebiCvenSi arakomfortul grZnobas iwvevs da Cvenc naklebadmogvwons is.

ikvlies agreTve radioTi mosmenili kargi iaxaliambebi winaaRmdeg cudi axali ambebis gavlena interperso-nalur qcevaze. veitCma da grifitma (Veitch & Griffitt, 1976)raTa SeemowmebinaT es hipoTeza subieqts kvlevis dawyebiswin radioTi moasmenines axali ambebi (subieqtebifaqtiurad usmendnen winaswar momzadebul audio Cana-wers). aRmoCnda, rom kargi axali ambebi iwvevda pozitiuremocionalur reaqcias da subieqtebi romlebic masusmendnen Sedegad gamoxatavdnen met mowonebas ucxos mi-

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marT. cudi axali ambebis mosmenas qonda sawinaaRmdegoefeqti. mcirdeboda mowoneba.

mraval SemTxvevaSi, Cven SeiZleba ar vacnobierebdeTCveni pozitiuri an negatiuri grZnobebis wyaros, magrammiuxedavad amisa isini moqmedeben Cvens qcevaze gansa-kuTrebiT Sefasebaze. amrigad, eqsperimentuli monacemebikonsistenturad miuTiTeben, rom pozitiur grZnobebsmivyavarT pozitiur Sefasebamde da negatiur grZnobebsnegatiur Sefasebamde. dgeba sakiTxi am fenomenis meqa-nizmis Sesaxeb.

mowoneba, rogorc ganpirobebuli reaqcia. afeqtsa daSefasebas Soris urTierTobis axsna nacadia e.w. daswavlisTeoriis poziciebidan. kerZod, nacadia misi axsnadaswavlis ganmtkicebis modeliT. daswavlis Teoriispoziciebidan afeqtma mowonebaze SeiZleba gavlena moaxdi-nos ori gziT:

(1) e.w. pirdapiri efeqti - roca meore piri ambobs anakeTebs iseT rames, romelic CvenSi iwvevs dadebiT annegatiur grZnobas (igrZno Tavi kargad an cudad). aSkaraa,Cven mogvwons is individi, romelic gvagrZnobinebs kargad,iwvevs dadebiT grZnobas da ar mogvewoneba is, romelicTavs gvagrZnobinebs cudad, iwvevs negatiur grZnobas. amdvSvebidan gamomdinareobs, rom yoveli cvladi (vTqvaTgameorebuli eqspozicia) romelsac mivyavarT mowonebisgazrdamde aris am cvladis mier gamowveuli pozitiurigrZnobebis Sedegi. e.i. mowoneba warmoadgens am SemTxvevaSiganpirobebul reaqcias.

(2) grZnobebsa da mowonebas Soris urTierTobis gan-mtkicebis modeliT axsnas aqvs damatebiTi nagulisxmeviazri, romelic asociaciuri efeqtis saxelwodebiTaacnobili. Cven vreagirebT ara marto im individebze,romelic CvenSi iwvevs garkveul grZnobebs, aramed vreagi-rebT im individebze, romlebic ubralod asocirebulniarian aseT grZnobebTan. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, rocaindividi ubralod, Tundac SemTxveviT aris situaciaSi,roca Tqveni grZnoba iyo pozitiuri an negatiuri (daromelic ar aris dakavSirebuli am pirTan), TqveniSefaseba am individisa iqmneba am emocionalur fonze.esaa is meqanizmi Tu ratom axdens gavlenas musika, siTbo,kino, radio-svtelevizio axali ambebi da sxva Sefasebaze.

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es faqtorebi aRgviZraven dadebiT an uaryofiT grZnobebs;es grZnobebi asocirebuli xdeba individebTan, romlebicSemTxveviT SeiZleba iyvnen asocirebuli am situaciasTan;Sesabamisad Cven gviCndeba tendencia mogvwondes an armogvwondes es individi.

afiliaciis moTxovnileba

rogorc aRvniSneT, drois umetes nawils Cven vxarjavTsxva adamianebTan erTad. iseTi aqtiobebi, rogoricaa axa-li megobrebis SeZena, iyo megobrebTan, SesZlo grZnobebigaunawilo sxvebs, Cvens sazogadoebaSi mniSvnelovnadaaSefasebuli. CaTvlilia, rom megobrebis yola aris Sina-ganad pozitiuri. amasTan, isic simarTlea, rom individebigansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan afiliaciis moTxovnilebaSi.zogierTi adamiani drois umetes nawilSi marto yofnasarCevs, maSin roca zogierTebi Zalian socialurebi arian.aseTi pirovnuli gansxvavebebi mniSvnelovan faqtoradaaCaTvlili interpersonaluri urTierTobis anticipaci-isaTvis.

afiliaciis moTxovnileba rogorc pirovnuli Tviseba.miureis Semdeg, afiliaciis moTxovnileba mravali kuTxiTgaizoma. kvlevebi miuTiTeben, rom maRali afiliaciismoTxovnebis mqone mamakacebi SedarebiT TviT-darwmu-nebulebi arian, aqvT tendencia meti isaubron mimzidvelqalebTan dabali afiliaciis moTxovnilebis mqoneindividebTan SedarebiT. kolejis studentebs, romelTaafiliaciis moTxovnileba maRalia, tendencia aqvT yavdeTmeti megobrebi vidre im studentebs, romlebsac esmaCveneblebi dabali aqvT.

afiliaciis moTxovnileba gaazrebuli iqna, ramdenadme,rogorc megobrobis motivcia. daSvebulia, rom zogierTiufro Zlieraa motivirebuli, vidre sxvebi, Tbili inter-personaluri urTierTobebisaTvis. saSualo skolismegobrobis motivaciis maRali maCveneblebis mqone moswav-leebma, megobrobis motivaciis dabali maCveneblebis mqonemoswavleebTan SedarebiT, icodnen ufro meti megobrebisSesaxeb, yavdaT ufro myari megobrebi da maswavleblebimaT afasebdnen rogorc megobrulebs, afeqturebs, Tanam-Sromlurebs, bednierebs da rom isini arian ufro popu-larulebi.

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individebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan ara martoafiliaciis da megobrobis motivaciis mixedviT, aramedTavianTi socialuri unarebiTac. aRmoCnda, garkveulrols TamaSobs agreTve dabadebis rigi. pirveli dabadebu-li, umcros da-ZmebTan SedarebiT aris ufro meti soci-aluri unaris. imaT, visac hyavs sawinaaRmdego sqesis uf-rosi siblingi, aRmoCnda rom sawinaaRmdego sqesis wevreb-Tan aqvT meti damajerebeli urTierTqmedeba.

mas Semdeg rac urTierToba Camoyalibebulia, maRaliafiliaciis moTxovnebis mqone studentebi aRmoCnda, romkmayofilebi arian roca urTierToba progresirdeba. afi-liaciis dabali donis mqone studentebs ki tendenciahqondaT am situaciaSi yofiliyvnen ukmayofilo, gansa-kuTrebiT Tu maT aqvT damoukideblobis moTxovnileba.aseTi gansxvavebuli afiliaciis moTxovnilebis mqoneindividebi urTierTqmedebis Sedegad gasagebia romSecbunebulebi darCebian erTmaneTiT. erTs siamovnebsmWidro urTierToba, meores swored urTierTobis damyare-biT SeiZleba ubeduri darCes.

faqtorebi, romlebic gansazRvraven ufro Rrmaemocionaluri urTierTobis Camoyalibebas

roca ori individi xvdeba erTmaneTs, siaxlovis gamoCamouyalibdaT erTmaneTis mimarT dadebiTi grZnobebi, daTu TiToeuls aqvs afiliaciis maRali moTxovnileba, undamovelodeT rom daiwyeba urTierTqmedeba. ganviTardeba Tuara aqedan ufro Rrma emocionaluri damokidebuleba,megobroba, ukve damokidebulia sxva faqtorebze, kerZodurTierTobaSi myofi individebis fizikur mimzidvelobaze,maT msgavsebaze garkveul pirovnul maxasiaTeblebSi daimaze, Tu ramdenad avlenen isini urTierT pozitiurSefasebas (reciprikuloba pozitiur SefasebaSi).

fizikuri mimzidveloba. pirveli STabeWdileba umTav-resad emyareba garegnobas. roca vinmes vxvdebiT pirvelad,Cven maSinve vamCnevT iseT maxasiaTeblebs, rogoricaa rasa,simaRle, wona, Cacmuloba, saxe, Tmis feri da a.S. Cvenmidrekili varT garkveuli rwmenebi da prejudisebi gvqon-des Camoyalibebuli aseT faqtorebze warsuli gamocdile-bis da stereotipebis safuZvelze.

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erTerTi faqtori, romelic met-naklebad Seswavlilia,aris fizikuri mimzidveloba.

mimzidvelobis efeqti. mamakacisa da qalis urTierTo-bisas oriveze moqmedebs partnioris mimzidveloba.SemTxveviTi ar aris,rom komerciul video-servisisfilmebSi ufro xSirad arCeven mimzidvel mamakacebs daqalebs - da amas garkveuli azri aqvs - orive sqesisindividisaTvis. aRmoCnda, agreTve, rom qalebi asevepozitiurad reagireben maRali statusis mamakacebzec.

aRmoCnda, rom arsebobs individualuri gansxvavebamimzidvelobisadmi mniSvnelobis miniWebaSi. mag. kvlevebiaCveneben, rom tradiciuli seqs-tipis mamakacebi da qalebiufro pozitiurad reagireben fizikur mimzidvelobazevidre hermofroditebi.

arsebobs zogadi daSveba, rom mimzidveli adamianebiagreTve floben mTel rig sxva pozitiur Tvisebebs.rogorc qalebi ise mamakacebi aRniSnaven, rom mimzidveliadamianebi arian ufro sainteresoebi, socialurebi,damoukideblebi, seqsualurad Tbilebi. naklebad mimzid-veli adamianebi varaudoben rom arian deviantebimravalnairad, arian fsiqopaTologiurebi, politikuradradikalistebi, homoseqsualistebi. fizikurad mimzidvelimamakacebi Sefasebulni arian rogorc ufro mamakacurebida mimzidveli gogonebi rogorc ufro qalurebi naklebmimzidvelebTan SedarebiT.

rwmena, romelic exeba mimzidvel da aramimzidvelindividebs, arsebiTad miaCniaT, rom emyareba kulturulgadaxrebs da amdenad ar aris dakavSirebuli im faqtiurTvisebebze, romelic individs gaaCnia. miuxedavad amisa,arsebobs zogierTi qceviseuli da pirovnuli gansxva-vebebi, romelic dakavSirebulia garegnobasTan. mag.aRmoCnda, rom mimzidveli mamakacebi da qalebi kargadurTierToben sawinaaRmdego sqesis individebTan. mimzid-vel mamakacebs meti socialuri urTierToba aqvT qalebTanda naklebi sxva mamakacebTan. isini arian ra mimzidvelebi,naklebad aqvT uaryofis SiSi. mimzidveli qalebi, sxvebTanar urTierToben ufro mets vidre aramimzidvelebi daisini naklebad TviTdajerebulebi da naklebad mimdobniarian vidre mamakacebi. mimzidveli adamianebi ufromoelian warmatebas socialur situaciaSi da aRweven ki-

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dec sinamdvileSi. korelaciuri kvlevebi miuTiTeben, rommimzidveloba pozitiur korelaciaSia ganaTlebaSimiRwevasTan, SemosavalTan, profesionalur prestiJTan dafsiqikur sijansaResTan. aRmoCnda, rom vinc mimzidveliamet dros xarjavs sarkeSi Tavis Tavis daTvalierebaSi.

logikuria movelodeT, rom mimzidvel individebsufro maRali TviT-pativiscema eqnebaT vidre aramimzidve-lebs, magram am or maxasiaTebels Soris kavSiri faqtiu-rad Zalian susti aRmoCnda da amasTan kvlevebi ar iZlevakonsistentur monacemebs. erTerTi axsna amisa aris is, rommimzidveli individebi iReben imden ganmtkicebas romnakleb Sefasebas aZleven miRebul qaTinaurebs. aramimzid-velebi ki, ganmtkicebas romelsac isini iReben, Tvlian,rom aris namdvili da damsaxurebuli. es mosazrebadadasturebuli iqna saintereso eqsperimentiT (Major,Carrington & Carneval, 1984). eqsperimentSi jer gakeTda damam-Tavrebeli kursis studentebis ranJireba mimzidvel daaramimzidvelebad, Semdag maT sTxoves daeweraT mokleese, romelsac mere Seafasebdnen sxva studentebi. Semfase-bel studentebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba ecqiraT imisaTvisTu rogor werdnen subieqtebi eses. faqtiurad, yvelasubieqti iRebda pozitiur Sefasebas sawinaaRmdego sqesisSemfaseblisagan. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom mimzidvelistudentebi ufro miawerdnen pozitiur Sefasebas TavianTiSromis xarisxs Tu fiqrobdnen, rom Semfaseblebi maT aruyurebdnen maSin, roca aramimzidveli subieqtebi grZnob-dnen, rom pozitiuri Sefaseba dakavSirebuli iyo SromisxarisxTan, Tu icodnen, rom Semfaseblebi maT uyurebdnen.avtorebi aCveneben, rom naklebad mimzidveli adamianebimcire ganmtkicebasac aniWeben sakmao wonas, maSin rocamimzidveli individebi ganmtkicebas ufro nakleb Sefase-bas aZleven. avtorebis azriT swored amitom ar arismimzidveloba da TviT-Sefasebas Soris myar urTierT-kavSirSi.

ra mniSvnelobas vdebT fizikur mimzidvelobaSi? Tumcaadamianebs ar aqvT problemebi imis gadawyvetaSi Tu vinaris mimzidveli da vin ara, Zneli aRmoCnda im cvladebiszusti Camoyalibeba, romlebic pasuxismgeblebi iqnebianmimzidvelobis Sesafaseblad.

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zogadad aRmoCnda, rom qalebi pozitiurad reagirebenmamakacis garkveul fizikur maxasiaTeblebze: Txelifexebi, viwro weli, farTe mxarbeWi, patara dundulebi.iyo mosazreba, rom maRali individi CaTvlili iqnebodarogorc romantikuli partniori, magram kolejis studen-ti gogonebi faqtiurad upiratesobas aZleven saSualosimaRlis mamakacebs.

mamakacebs ki aRmoCnda rom moswonT gogonebi saSualomkerdiT, saSealo zomis fexebiT da dundulebiT. orivesqesisTvis simsuqne aRiqmeba rogorc aramimzidveli. eseniais fizikuri maxasiaTeblebi, romlebsac sxvadasxva kvle-vebSi dadgenil iqna rom miaweren mimzidvel mamakacebs daqalebs.

gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom saboloo jamSi mimzidvelifigura da saxe bevrad ar gansxvavdeba 3saSualosagan4.adamianebi mimzidvelad Tvlian figuras, fexebs, cxvirs daa.S. romelic arc Zalian pataraa da arc Zalian didi.langluam da rogmanma sakmaod sainteresod aCvenes es(Judith Langlois & Lori Roggman, 1994). maT kompiuterSi Seiyvaneskolejis 32 studentis saxe da maTi erTmaneTze dadebiTgamoiyvanes maTi saSualo ariTmetikuli. studentebmaaseTi gasaSualebuli saxe Seafases rogorc ufro mimzid-veli vidre individualuri saxeebis 92%. ase rom avto-rebis azriT saSualo garegnoba sakmaod mimzidveladfasdeba.

garda fizikuri agebulebisa aRmoCnda rom mimzidvelo-bisaTvis garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs zogierT qcevas. mag.kvlevebi adastureben, rom Rimili Cveulebriv mimzidveliarogorc qalebisaTvis, ise mamakacebisaTvis, magram mwuxa-rebis gamometyveleba aramimzidvelad fasdeba. video-sapaemano situaciaSi qalebi upiratesobas aZlevdneneqspresiul mamakacebs, maSin roca mamakacebi negatiuradreagireben eqspresiul, eqstravertul qalebze.

garda fizikuri garegnobisa da stilisa, individissaxelmac SeiZleba imoqmedos mimzidvelobis aRqmaze. erTkvlevaSi Tanabrad mimzidveli qalis fotosuraTi Sefa-sebuli iqna rogorc ufro mimzidveli roca misi saxeliiyo Lkathy, Jennifer an Christine vidre roca saxeli Uethel, Harrietan Gertrude.

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arsebobs mimzidvelobis aRqmis situaciuri determinan-tebi. mag. mamakacebi, romlebmac is isaa naxes filmi3Carlis angelozebi4 ucxo qalebs afasebdnen rogorcnaklebad mimzidvelebs, vidre sakontrolo jgufis mama-kacebi.

mimzidvelobaSi msgavsebis mniSvneloba. dadasture-bulia zogadi tendencia, rom adamianebi partnioradirCeven Tavisive msgavsi mimzidvelobis individebs. estendencia gavlenas axdens SemTxveviT Sexvedrebze, qorwi-nebaze. daqorwinebuli wyvili, miuxedavad asakisa daqorwinebis xangrZlivobisa arian msgavsebi mimzidvelobaSi.statistikuri monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom gansxvavebulimimzidvelobis wyvilebis ojaxi ufro xSirad irRvevavidre msgavsi mimzidvelobisa. ufro gasaocari aRmoCndais faqti, rom erTi da igive sqesis megobrebic amJRavnebentendencias mimzidvelobaSi emsgavsebodnen erTmaneTs. Tum-ca aRmoCnda, rom es ufro damaxasiaTebelia mamakacebisaT-vis vidre qalebisaTvis.

atitudebSi msgavseba da mowoneba. atitudebSi msgavsebarom dakavSirebulia mowonebasTan kargad gamoCnda niu-kombis brwyinvaled dagegmil gamokvlevaSi. kvleva Catar-da miCiganis universitetSi. man specialuri kiTxvariTgazoma abiturient biWebis atitudebi. e.i. winaswar gaigouniversitetSi SemomsvlelTa atitudebi. mkvlevari miznadisaxavda gaerkvia SeiZleboda Tu ara am monacemebis(atitudebis) safuZvelze imis winaswarmetyveleba Tu vinvisTan imegobrebda. e.i. atitudebSi msgavseba migviyvandaTu ara mowonebamde. rogorc zemod aRvniSneT, mowonebiserTerT determinants siaxlove warmoadgens. am SemTxve-vaSi siaxloves gansazRvravda studenTa saerTo sacxov-rebelSi maTi lokalizacia, rac SesaZlebeli iyo romgansazRvravda Tu vin vis gaicnobda da a.S. amdenad, Tavi-dan atitudSi msgavseba ar iyo kavSirSi interpersonalurimowonebis sawyis gamoxatvasTan, radgan studentebma aricodnen erTmaneTis atitudebi sanam ar daamyarebdnenurTierTobas erTmaneTTan. atitudebSi msgavsebis efeqtigamovlindeboda garkveuli droiTi xangrZlivobis Semdeg,mas Semdeg rac gaicnobdnen erTmaneTs. Sedegebi adas-turebda hipoTezas. atitudebSi msgavseba garkveuladasocirebuli iyo mowonebasTan (Newcomb, T.M. 1956)

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rogorc vxedavT, atitudSi msgavsebasa da mowonebasSoris sakmaod mWidro kavSiri dadasturda, magram kore-laciidan verafers davaskvniT mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirze.niukombis gamokvleva gamoricxavs, rom mowoneba SeiZlebaiyos atitudebSi msgavsebis mizezi. magram am kvlevidanverc imas vityviT danamdvilebiT, rom atitudSi msgavsebagansazRvravs mowonebas, radgan arsebobs e.w. mesamecvladis problema. SeiZleba mowonebasa da atitudebSimsgavsebas Soris korelacia raRac sxva faqtorma gansaz-Rvros. raTa gamoericxaT mesame cvladis problema, saWiroiyo eqsperimentuli gamokvleva. marTlac daigegma eqspe-rimenti sadac atitudebSi msgavsebis manipulirebaxdeboda rogorc damoukidebeli cvladis da mowonebaSefasda, rogorc damokidebuli cvladi, sxva danarCenipirobebi ki mudmivi rCeboda (Byrne, D. 1961). kvlevam daa-dastura, rom atitudebi SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorcmowonebis erTerTi mizezi.

Cveulebriv, interpersonaluri urTierTobisas adamiane-bi saubroben gansxvavebul sakiTxebze, gamoxataven TavianTdamokidebulebas gansxvavebuli sagnebisa da movlenebismimarT, Tavisufladad gamoxataven TavianT azrs, ramoswonT da ra ara. aseTi komunikaciiT individebi igebenerTmaneTis atitudebis Sesaxeb. am urTierTobaSiadamianebi pozitiurad reagireben im individebze,romlebsac msgavsi Tvalsazrisi aqvT, moswonT is da surTmasTan yofna. negatiur damokidebulebebs amJRavneben imindividisadmi, romlebic gansxvavebul Tvalsazrissavlenen.

am fenomens aqvs mTeli rigi praqtikuli gamosavali.kerZod, atitudebSi msgavsebasa da mowonebas SorisurTierToba xsnis im faqts, Tu ratom aqvT adamianebstendencia ifiqron, rom umravlesoba adamianebisa maTeTenxmebian, gansakuTrebiT isini vinc moswonT. rocaindivids moswons vinme ara atituduri maxasiaTeblebissafuZvelze (vTqvaT fizikuri mimzidvelobisa an zogadiqarizmis gamo), aRmoCnda, rom es individi aRiqmeba rogorcmsgavsi atitudebSic. Cans, rom sxvebis zedapirulmaxasiaTeblebze pozitiur reaqcias xSirad mivyavarTmcdar rwmenamde, rom gvaqvs msgavsi Rirebulebebi daatitudebi.

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ratom mogvwons msgavsi sxva?. Teoretikosebi TiTqosdaTanxmdebian, rom atitudebSi msgavseba aris pozitiuriimitom rom is individs aZlevs sakuTari Sefasebissisworis gancdas. Sesabamisad, atitudebSi msgavsebawarmoSobs pozitiur afeqts da gansxvavebuli atitudebinegatiur afeqts. rogorc zemod aRvniSneT, afeqtebigavlenas axdenen mowonebaze. roca individi xedavs, romsxvas igive Sefasebebi da rwmenebi aqvs rac mas, es codnauzrunvelyofs mas monacemebiT, rom is sworia. SefasebisaseTi dadastureba ukve aris pozitiuri afeqtis gamomwvevida adamians moswons is vinc masSi pozitiur afeqtebsiwvevs. dauTanxmeblobas aqvs sawinaaRmdego efeqti. isgarwmunebT rom Tqven cdebiT, es iwvevs negatiur emociebsda Sedegad ar mogwonT individi, romelic aseT ara-komfortul grZnobas iwvevs. am tendencias aqvs nagu-lisxmevi azri, rom adamianebs aqvT tendencia eZebon damiiRon is informacia, romelic ganamtkicebs mis rwmenebs.

atitudebSi msgavsebis efeqtis meore axsna momdi-nareobs balansis Teoriidan. haideri, niukombi, festinjeri- varaudoben, rom adamians aqvs bunebrivi midrekilebamoaxdinos Tavisi mowoneba-armowonebis organizaciasimetriulad, rac Sedegad gvaZlevs balanss. balan-sirebuli mdgomareobaa, roca or individs moswonserTmaneTi da eTanxmebian erTmaneTs imaSi razecmsjeloben. roca or individs moswons erTmaneTi da verTanxmdebian raRac sakiTxSi situacia disbalansuria. esmdgomareoba arasasiamovnoa da TiToeul maTgansamotivirebs rame iRonos (vTqvaT Secvalos atitudimocemul sakiTxze, an Secvalos damokidebuleba meoreindividTan), raTa aRadginos balansi. roca or individsar moswonT erTmaneTi - maSin TiToeuli indeferentuliameore individis atitudebis mimarT.

interpersonaluri urTierToba, raTqmaunda, aramoiwureba msgavseba-mowonebis fenomeniT. Cven yovelTvisar uarvyofT imas, vinc gansxvavebul Tvalsazrissgamoxatavs. marTalia, Cven gvsurs Cveni rwmenebisdadastureba, magram Cven gvaqvs sxva moTxovnilebebic.amitom xSirad SeiZleba dainteresebulic ki viyoTaramsgavs ucxosTan urTierTobiT raTa miviRoT axaliinformacia, ganvicadoT raRac unikaluri, specialuri da

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ara is, rac yvelasaTvis saerToa. garda amisa, marTalia,vuSvebT, rom vinc ar gveTanxmeba mas ar movwonvarT,magram es muqara SeiZleba moixsnas Tu Cven viciT, rom issxva vinc ar aris Cveni msgavsi ar apirebs Cvens uaryofas,rom is Riaa gansxvavebul Tvalsazrisze diskusiisaTvis.

msgavseba sxva maxasiaTeblebSi. atitudebSi msgavsebasada mowonebas Soris urTierTobis sakiTxebze, socialurifsiqologebi TiTqmis erTsulovnad Tanxmdebian. rasac vervityviT pirovnebis sxva maxasiaTeblebsa da mowonebas So-ris urTierTobaze. arada nakvlevia sakmao raodenobispirovnul-qceviseuli maxasiaTeblebi, maTi gavlena mowo-nebaze.

pirvel rigSi miuTiTeben zogierT pirovnulmaxasiaTeblebze, romelic yvelas moswons, miuxedavadmsgavsebis xarisxisa. mag. aRmoCnda, rom SedarebiTdominantur individs ufro aniWeben upiratesobas vidresubmisiurs - rogorc dominanturi ise submisiuri indivi-debi. aseve aRmoCnda, rom rogorc qalebs ise mamakacebsufro moswonT konkurentuli individebi. orive sqesisindividebs ufro moewonebaT is ucxo, romelsac aqvsTavisTavis gaxsnis tendencia.

mraval maxasiaTeblebSi, adamianebs tendencia aqvTSearCion TavianTive msgavsi megobari. mag. aRmoCnda, romheteroseqsualuri mamakacebi ukiduresad negatiuradreagireben homoseqsualurebze, miuxedavad sxva maxasiaTeb-lebas da atitudebSi msgavsebisa. albaT imitom, romseqsualuri orientaciebi Sefasebulia rogorc didimniSvnelobis. kvlevebi gvarwmuneben, rom kolejis studen-ti gogonebi studentTa saerTo sacxovreblebSi oTaxismegobrad irCeven socialuri foniT da RirebulebebSimsgavsebis principiT. megobrebi emsgavsebian erTmaneTsemociis saxis gamometyvelebiT gamocnobis unarSi. rvawlis asakis Semdeg miuTiTeben, rom arsebobs Zlieritendencia SearCion kompanioni sakuTari asakisa. umaRlesiskolis studentebis saukeTeso megobrebs Soris albaTur-ze gacilebiT metia msgavseba asakSi, sqesSi, religiaSi darasaSi. aRmoCnda, rom mraval pirovnul maxasiaTeblebSi(hermafrodituli - winaaRmdeg tradiciuli seqs rolisa,mamakaceba - qalurobis xarisxi, kognituri stili) msgavse-ba ufro upiratesoba miniWebulia vidre gansxvaveba. saer-

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Tod miuTiTeben, rom sxva maxasiaTeblebSi msgavsebisefeqti ufro sustia vidre atitudebSi msgavsebis efeqti.amasTan aRiniSna pirovnuli msgavsebis zrda rogorcinterpersonalur urTierTqmedebis Sedegi.

kvleviTi monacemebi miuTiTeben agreTve, rom Cven mogv-wons is individi, romlebic iseve iqcevian rogorc Cven.mag. kolejis studentebi, sportul TamaSebSi, partnioradirCeven individs, romelic TamaSSi iseve iqceva rogorcTviTon. kvleviT dadasturda agreTve, rom individebiromlebic msgavsni arian TavianTi intimuri informaciisgaxsnaSi - an daxurvaSi, erTmaneTisken miizidebian - ufromoswonT erTmaneTi. aRmoCnda rom Cven mogvwons is,romelic Cveni qcevis imitacias axdens, akeTebs igivearCevans da iRebs igive gadawyvetilebas rogorc Cven.umaRlesi skolis studentebSi megobrebs tendencia aqvTmsgavsni iyvnen devintur qcevebSi (mag. narkotikebis miRe-baSi). gogonebisaTvis mniSvneloba aqvs msgavsebas iseTsakiTxebSi rogoricaa sigaretis moweva, alkoholismiReba, gaTxovebamdeli seqsualuroba.

azrTa didi sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia moTxovnilebebSimsgavsebis gavlenam mowonebaze. varaudoben, rom moTxov-nilebebSi SeTavsebuloba (msgavsi moTxovnilebebi) urTi-erTobaSi pozitiur faqtors warmoadgens. amasTan, daSve-bul iqna isic, rom moTxovnilebebis Semavseblobasac(opoziciuri moTxovnilebebi) mivyavarT mowonebamde, rad-gan orive individi erTmaneTSi poulobs ganmtkicebas. mag.individisaTvis romelic Tavis bunebiT dominanturiaidealuri wyvili (megobari an meuRle) iqneba submisiuriindividi. individs romelic motivirebulialaparakisaTvis moswons is, vinc ufro motivirebuliamosmenisaTvis. rogori gonivrulic ar unda gveCvenebodesSemavseblobis principi, kvlevebi ufro mxars uWerenmsgavsebis mniSvnelobas. kvlevebi adastureben, rom col-qmari, romlebic amJRavnebdnen moTxovnilebebSi msgavsebasufro urTierTSeguebuli meuRleebi iyvnen vidregansxvavebuli moTxovnilebebis mqoneebi.

mogvwons is visac movwonvarT. rogorc aRvniSneT,adamianebs moswonT is vinc maT ajildovebs an asocire-bulni arian sasiamovno gancdebTan. bolosdabolos, gviy-vars mSvenieri gogona an lamazi kaci, imitom rom gvsia-

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movnebs misi yureba. keTili adamianebi yovelTvis ajil-doveben sxvebs da amitom isini ufro moswonT. igive iTqmisadamianze, romelic megobruli, patiosani, sando daTbilia.

dajildovebis efeqti SeiZleba aixsnas daswavlisprincipebiT. Tu individi gvajildovebs an Tu Cven vina-wilebT dajildovebis gancdas masTan, maSin gancdispozitiuri aspeqtebi daukavSirdeba am individs. amdenad isxdeba ufro pozitiuri da ufro mogvwons.

aRmoCnda, rom rodesac qali pozitiur damokidebule-bas amJRavnebs mamakacisadmi iseTi formebiT rogoricaaTvalebiT kontaqti, simpatiis gamovlena, saubris wamowyeba- mamakacic mowonebiT damokidebulebas gamoxatavs mis mi-marT, maSinac ki, roca atitudebSi gansxvaveba aSkaraa.kvlevebiT dasturdeba, rom megobroba ZlierdebaurTierTpativiscemis, urTierTinteresis, erTad yofnis ankomunikaciis survilis verbaluri an araverbaluri signa-lebiT. aRmoCnda, rom umetes adamianebs moswonT, rocamasze pozitiurad reagireben da ar moswonT, rocanegatiur grZnobebs gamoxataven. es efeqti ilustrirebuliiqna aronsonisa da linderis mier (Aronson,E. & Linder, D.1965).FeqsperimentSi subieqtebi monawileobdnen interperso-naluri urTierTqmedebis seriebSi. eqsperimentSi CarTuliiyo agreTve e.w. cru subieqti, romelic eqsperimentatorismiTiTebiT moqmedebda. yoveli urTierTobis seriis Semdegsubieqtebs TiTqosda SemTxveviT esmodaT eqsperimentato-ris da cru subieqtis dialogi, romelSic cru subieqtiTavis STabeWdilebas ayalibebda subieqtis Sesaxeb. imisdamixedviT Tu ra saxis mosazrebas gamoTqvamda crusubieqti, iqmneboda sami eqsperimentuli situacia: (1) crusubieqti aRniSnavda, rom moewona subieqti da am mosazre-bas icavda bolomde; (2) cru subieqti iyo kritikuli. isaRniSnavda rom ar moswonda subieqti da bolomde icavdaTavis negatiur pozicias; (3) cru subieqti dialogisdasawyisSi uaryofiT Sefasebas aZlevda subieqts, magramdialogis msvlelobaSi icvlida mosazrebas da dialogisubieqtis dadebiTad SefasebiT mTavrdeboda. eqsperimente-bis seriebis damTavrebis Semdeg namdvil subieqtebssTxovdnen cru subieqtis Sefasebas.

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rogorc mosalodneli iyo, subieqtebis mier cru subi-eqtis Sefaseba warmoadgenda cru subieqtis mier maTiSefasebis sapasuxo reaqcias. eqsperimenti Seicavda agreTveerT saintereso variacias - situacia, romelSic crusubieqti iwyebda subieqtis negatiuri SefasebiT daTandaTanobiT gadadioda pozitiur Sefasebaze. e.i. zogi-erTi subieqti usmenda cru subieqtis Sefasebas - romel-sac moswonda subieqti Tavidanve da agrZelebda aseTSefasebas bolomde. zogierTi subieqti ki usmenda crusubieqts, romelsac Tavidan ar moswonda subieqti magramamTavrebda imiT, rom moswonda subieqti.

Sedegebis analizi aCvenebda, rom orive situaciaSisubieqtebi mowonebas gamoxatavdnen cru subieqtebismimarT magram mowonebas met xarisxSi gamoxatavdnen imcru subieqtis mimarT, romlebic Tavidan kritikulni iyv-nen da amTavrebdnen Sefasebas pozitiuriT, vidre isiniromlebic Tavidanve pozitiur Sefasebas aZlevdnen. avto-rebis azriT es Sedegebi aixsneba amiT, rom Tavdapirvelinegatiuri Sefaseba subieqtebSi iwvevs SfoTvas, romelicsakmaod mtkivneulad ganicdeba. roca Sefaseba TandaTano-biT pozitiuri xdeba, es iwvevs am gaZlierebuli negatiurigrZnobis moxsnas da amdenad aseTi pozitiuri Sefasebaufro meti damajildovebeli xdeba. erTi sityviT nega-tiuri Sefaseba zrdis pozitiuri Sefasebis moTxovnilebasda saboloo pozitiuri Sefaseba ufro meti damajildo-vebeli xdeba.

mas Semdeg rac urTierToba Camoyalibebulia, megobris-gan moveliT, rom movwondeT, gvafasebdes pozitiurad,moiqces Cvens mimarT garkveuli maneriT. molodinebi imaTmimarT, vinc ar mogvwons sawinaaRmdegoa. ra moxdeba rocamolodinebi ar marTldeba? erTerT kvlevaSi, romelic amsakiTxis garkvevas isaxavda miznad, ganaxorcieles sawyisimowonebis manipulireba subieqtebisaTvis (kolejis stu-denti gogonebi) informaciis miwodebiT rom eqsperimentSiCarTul sxva gogonebs hqondaT maTi msgavsi an gansxva-vebuli atitudebi. amis Semdeg TiToeul subieqts eZleodadavaleba romelic sakmaod rTuli iyo da garkveul drosmoiTxovda; zogierT subieqts (romlebic iyvnen cru subi-eqtebi) hqonda gacilebiT ufro advili davaleba.eqsperimentatori varaudobda, rom subieqtebi davalebis

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Sesasruleblad daxmarebas sTxovdnen cru subieqtebs,roca isini daamTavrebdnen TavianT advil davalebas. aseTsituaciaSi cru subieqtebis naxevari Tanxmdeboda daxma-rebaze, xolo meore naxevari daxmarebaze uars amboda.cvlilebebi mowonebaSi, romelic izomeboda urTierTobam-de da urTierTqmedebis Semdeg, miuTiTebda Tu ra xdebodaroca molodinebi marTldeboda da roca ar marTldeboda.Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom yvelaze didi Secvla mowonebaSiiyo maSin, roca atitudebSi msgavsi cru subieqti uarsambobda daxmarebaze (am SemTxvevaSi mowoneba mkveTradmcirdeboda). xolo roca subieqti moeloda uars daxma-rebaze (gansxvavebuli atitudebis mqone cru subieqti) misidaxmarebis survils zrdida mowonebas. rogorc Cans, CvenmoveliT, rom sxvebis sityvebi da saqcieli daemTxvevaCvens grZnobebs maT Sesaxeb da mowoneba SeiZleba Sesam-Cnevad Seicvalos, roca es molodinebi ar marTldeba.

TviTSefaseba. rogorc mivuTiTeT Cven mogvwons is,visac Cven movwonvarT da es efeqti avxseniT ganmtkicebismodeliT. gvsiamovnebs Cvens mimarT gamoTqmuli keTil-ganwyobiTi komentarebi. magram cxadia isic, rom es yovel-Tvis ase ar aris. rodesac vinme qaTinaurs ambobs CvensmimarT, naklebad mogvewoneba is individi, Tu mismotivebSi eWvi Segvepara. Tu CavTvliT, rom qaTinaursimitom ambobs rom Tavi mogvawonos, an raRac sargebelimiiRos Cvengan, SeiZleba sapasuxo mowonebiTi reaqcia argamoiwvios.

arsebobs kidev erTi faqtori, romelic gavlenasaxdens imaze Tu ra efeqti eqneba qaTinaurs. aRmoCnda, rommniSvneloba aqvs imas Tu TviT Cveni percepcia ramdenademTxveva im sasiamovno qaTinaurebs, romelsac Cvenzeamboben. e.i. mniSvneloba aqvs TviTSefasebas. mag. Tu viciT,rom arc musikaluri smena gvaqvs da arc xma da viRebTqaTinaurs ra SesaniSnavad mRerixarTo, es situaciasavsebiT gansxvavdeba imisagan, roca momRerals eubnebianSesaniSnavad asruleb am simReraso. rodesac qaTinauri aremTxveva TviTSefasebas - efeqti gacilebiT naklebia.

meore mizezi qaTinauris negatiuri efeqtisa SeiZlebaiyos Tu individi ra mniSvnelobas miawers im Tvisebasrazec Rebulobs qaTinaurs. mag. qaliSvili albaT qaTi-naurad ar miiRebs Tu vetyviT, ra mxarbeWiani xarTo. an

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biWs rom vuTxraT ra qaliviT nazi xarTo. miiRebs Tu araqaTinaurad am Sefasebas individi damokidebulia imaze, Tura mniSvnelobas aniWebs is mocemul Tvisebas. ar arismosalodneli, rom qaliSvilma qalis mxarbeWianobas dade-biTi mniSvneloba miaweros.

siyvaruli

aqamde Cven vixilavdiT sakiTxs Tu rogor yalibdebainterpersonaluri urTierTobebi, ratom mogvwons zogi-erTi da ratom ara. ra gansazRvravs simpatia-antipatias.rogor xdeba metnaklebad ufro Rrma urTierTobebisCamoyalibeba. ganvixileT amasTan dakavSirebiT garkveulisocialur fsiqologiuri procesebi. magram faqtia romxSirad adamianebs Soris urTierToba scildeba am ubralonacnobobis da mowoneba armowonebis farglebs, myardebasakmaod Rrma xSirad gaugebari emocionaluri urTierTo-ba. erTi sityviT Cndeba siyvarulis SesaZlebloba.

ra aris siyvaruli? aris is mowonebis ufro intensiuriforma Tu raRac Tvisebrivad axal grZnobasTan gvaqvssaqme?

miuxedavad imisa, rom saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi poetebs,filosofosebs, mecnierebs yovelTvis ainteresebda essakiTxi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom damakmayofilebeli pasuxi amkiTxvaze jer kidev ar arsebobs. adamianebi aRmerTebensiyvaruls, cocxloben da Tavs wiraven misTvis, magrammisi mecnieruli axsna (SesaZlebelia sabednierod) ararsebobs. ufro meti, siyvaruli daerqva sakmaod gansxva-vebul adamianur urTierTobas rogoricaa urTierTobaSeyvarebulebs Soris, col qmars Soris, mSoblebsa daSvilebs Soris da axlo megobrebs Soris. erTi sityviTsiyvarulis mecnieruli Seswavla jer kidev Sorsaasrulyofisagan. da es gasagebicaa. movlenis mecnieruliaxsna niSnavs misi kauzaluri principiT axsnas. e.i. saWiroadadgindes siyvarulis mizezi. es moiTxovs laboratoriulpirobebSi eqsperimentul Seswavlas, rac siyvarulis mi-marT principSi SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. mecnieruli Seswav-la moiTxovs Sesaswavli movlenis formalizirebas. siyva-rulis formalizireba, misi manipulireba yovel SemTxveva-Si jerjerobiT miuwvdomeli aRmoCnda.

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ukanasknel xanebSi socialurma fsiqologiam scada amemocionaluri mdgomareobis Seswavla. Cven SevecdebiTaRvweroT da davalagoT Tu ra aris cnobili imaze Turas niSnavs erTi individis mier meoris Seyvareba. gamom-dinare sakiTxis aseTi sirTulidan socialur fsiqo-logiaSi arsebobs gansxvavebuli midgomebi siyvarulisformebis kategorizaciisa da aRwerisadmi.

sawinaaRmdego sqesis wevrebs Soris urTierTobisasdgeba dro, roca vsvamT kiTxvas gvaqvs Tu ara saqmesiyvarulTan. radgan sul mcire arsebobs ori gansxva-vebuli saxe siyvarulisa - romantiuli siyvaruli damegobroba - siyvaruli (companionate love), saWiroa maTiganxilva, Tu ra igulisxmeba TiToeul maTganSi.

romantiuli siyvaruli

sakiTxisadmi mecnieruli midgoma moiTxovs movlenisgansazRvras da mis gazomvas. socialur fsiqologiaSiarsebobs agresiis, altruizmis, prejidusebis da sxvagasazomi skalebi. magram rogor gavzomoT siyvaruli?dadga sakiTxi siyvarulis mizezebis Sesaxeb. socialurimecnierebebis warmomadgenlebi, maT Soris fsiqologebigvTavazoben gansxvavebul mizezebs. Cven gavarCevT fsiqo-logebis mier SemoTavazebul mosazrebebs. robertsternbergi gvTavazobs siyvarulis e.w. samkuTxovanTeorias (Sternberg, R. J. 1988). Teoria gamoyofs sam bazisurkomponents: intimuroba, vneba, gadawyvetileba\valdebuleba(anu erTguleba). avtoris azriT siyvaruli SeiZlebaemyarebodes pirvel rigSi romelime erT am komponents, anori komponentis kombinacias, an samives. avtoris azriT esgansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebi saSualebas gvaZlevsdavadginoT siyvarulis Svidi SesaZlebeli tipi, romelicidealSi (srulyofili siyvaruli) Seicavs samive bazisurkomponents Tanabari proporciiT. es sami bazisurikomponenti Semdeg maxasiaTeblebs gulisxmobs.

intimuroba - siaxlove, romelsac grZnoben partniore-bi.

vneba - seqsualuri motivi da seqsualuri aRZvra, rome-lic asocirebulia gawyvilebiT urTierTobasTan.

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gadawyvetileba\valdebuleba - kognituri elementi,romelic moicavs gadawyvetilebas rom vinmes uyvarsviRaca da avaldebulebs SeinarCunos es urTierToba.am sami bazisuri komponentebis kombinaciiT steinbergigamoyofs Svidi saxis siyvaruls:

1. mowoneba - romelic Seicavs mxolod intimurobas(megobroba vnebis an valdebulebis gareSe).

2. romantikuli siyvaruli - Seicavs intimurobas davnebas (individebi fizikurad da emocionalurad miizide-bian erTmaneTisaken, magram valdebulebebis gareSe).

3. megobroba-siyvaruli - Seicavs intimurobas davaldebulebebs (xangrZlivi valdebuleba - megobroba,rogoricaa qorwineba, romelSic vneba gafermkrTale-bulia).

4. Zlieri gataceba - Seicavs mxolod vnebas (vnebiani,mozRvavebuli siyvaruli intimurobis an valdebulebebisgareSe).

5. ganusjeli siyvaruli - Seicavs vnebas davaldebulebas (valdebuleba romelic emyareba vnebas,magram drois gareSe raTa Camoyalibdes intimuroba -zedapiruli urTierToba rogorc qarborbala aSikoba).

6. Camqrali (Empty) siyvaruli - Seicavs mxolod gada-wyvetileba\valdebulebas intimurobisa da vnebis gareSe.valdebuleba grZeldeba inerciiT.

.7. srulyofili siyvaruli - Seicavs samive komponents -

intimurobas, vnebas da gadawyvetileba\valdebulebas -ideali, romlis miRwevac swadiaT.

siyvaruli ganixileba rogorc emocionaluri mdgoma-reoba. emociebi ki warioadgenen erTis mxriv fsiqologiu-rad agznebul mdgomareobas da meores mxriv es fsiqo-logiuri mdgomareoba gansxvavebul emocionalur elfersiRebs - imisda mixedviT Tu ra iarliys mivawerT mas. aseTimidgoma cnobilia emociis orfaqtoriani Teoriis saxel-wodebiT.

emociis orfaqtoriani Teoriis Tanaxmad, agznebam, rawyarodanac ar unda momdinareobdes unda gazardos vneba,.Tu raime xelisSemSleli pirobebi ar arsebobs imisaTvisrom Tavisi agznebis nawili miakuTnos romantikul sti-muls. d. datonma da a. aronma, raTa ekvlia es problema,

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studentebs sTxoves eqsperimentSi mieRoT monawileoba. masSemdeg, rac subieqtebis mimzidvel partniorebTan gacnobaSesdga, subieqtebis nawils uTxres rom isini miiRebdnensakmao siZlieris eleqtroSoks. eqsperimentis dawyebamdeeqsperimentatorma subieqtebs dauriga mokle kiTxvari,3raTa mieRo informacia maT amJamindel grZnobebze dareaqciebze, radgan swored es faqtorebi gansazRvravdeneqsperimentis warmatebas4. eqsperimentis bolos am kiTxva-ridan unda gaecaT pasuxi kiTxvaze, 3ramdenad undodaTmaT moewviaT paemanze da ekocnaT partniorisaTvis4. Sede-gebis analizi aCvenebda, rom SeSinebuli, 3agznebuli4subieqtebi pasuxebSi amJRavnebdnen ufro Zlier ltolvaspartniorebisaken.

igive dadasturda velis kvlevebSi. maT mimzidvelgogonebs sTxoves biWebisagan aeRoT interviu, romlebmaces esaa gadakveTes md. kapilano (britaneTis kolumbiaSi)saxifaTo dakiduli xidiT, romlis sigrZe daaxloebiT 137metri iyo, xolo simaRle 80 metri (rogorc aRweridanCans, dakidebul xidze gadasvla arc Tu ise sasiamovnoiyo). gogonebi biWebs sTxovdnen anketis Sevsebas. amisSemdeg gogonebi sTavazobdnen maT TavianT safostobaraTs telefonis nomriT, im mizniT, rom Tumoisurvebdnen kvlevis Sedegebis da arsis gacnobasdaerekaT da miiRebdnen pasuxs. biWebis umravlesobamgamoarTva gogonebs savizito baraTi da maT SorisTiTqmis 50%-ma marTlac dareka. igive procedura CatardabiWebTan, romlebmac mdinare gadakveTes sxva adgilasCveulebrivi myari xidis gavliT, romelic araviTaremociebs ar iwvevda. aRmoCnda, rom maT Soris da imSemTxvevaSic, roca dakidebuli xidis gavlis SemdegbiWebs intervius sTxovdnen biWebi da ara gogonebi,TiTqmis iSviaTi iyo SemTxveva darekvisa raTa gaegoTeqsperimentis Sedegebi. maS, fiziologiuri agznebaaZlierebda romantiul reaqcias. igive dadasturda sxvakvlevebSi, mag. Zlieri fizikuri varjiSis Semdeg da a.S.

rogorc vxedavT, miuxedavad sirTuleebisa da sakiTxisspecifikurobisa, mainc naTelia operacionalisturimidgoma problemisadmi. aris mcdeloba gansazRvron isfaqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen adamianebisaTvis amZalian saintereso da macduri elferis mqone fenomenze.

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da mainc ras warmoadgens vnebiani siyvaruli? soci-aluri fsiqologiis Tanamedrove Teoriuli da kvleviTiinteresebis umravlesoba exeba swored vnebian siyvaruls.vnebian siyvaruls axasiaTeben rogorc intensiur, zogjerdauZlevel emocionalur mdgomareobas, roca individigamudmebiT fiqrobs partniorze, surs rac SeiZleba metidro dahyos masTan da xSirad ararealisturia mis Sefa-sebaSi. misTvis damaxasiaTeblad Tvlian rom kontaqtebisxva megobrebTan ufro iSviaTad xdeba, da mTeli yurad-Reba fokusirebulia, erT, yvelaze mniSvnelovan individze.xazs usvamen agreTve vnebiani siyvarulis im Taviseburebas,rom is ganicdeba rogorc iseTi, romelic kontrols areqvemdebareba da arawinaswarmetyvelebadia.

Tanamedrove metnaklebad miRebuli TvalsazrisiTvnebiani siyvarulisaTvis aucilebel pirobad miCneulia:

1. pirvel rigSi vnebiani siyvaruli unda CamoyalibdeskulturaSi. kultura aswavlis axalgazrdebs Tu raswarmoadgens vnebiani siyvaruli rogorc mxatvruli lite-raturis saSualebiT, ise realuri cxovrebis aRweriT.CaTvlilia, rom idea siyvarulis Sesaxeb evropaSiwarmoiSva Sua saukuneebSi da es gaazrebuli iyo rogorcwmida da saRvTo emocia, romelic ar aris dakavSirebuliseqsualur survilTan. dasavluri kulturis garemoSimomavali Taoba izrdeba moTxrobebsa da simRerebSisiyvarulis Sesaxeb riTac kargad arian momzadebuliganicadon is TavianT cxovrebaSi.

2. vnebiani siyvarulis meore piroba aris siyvarulisSesabamisi obieqtis arseboba. umravlesobisaTvis es niS-navs fizikurad mimzidveli sawinaaRmdego sqesis pirisarsebobas, romelic daaxloebiT imave asakisaa, mamakaciufro maRali qalze da ar unda iyos Rrmad CarTuli sxvaurTierTobebSi.

3. mesame piroba, romelic miaCniaT kritikulad, arisintensiuri sibrmave. igulisxmeba is faqti, rom yoveliemocionaluri aRZvris interpretacia SeiZleba rogorcsiyvarulis. aRmoCnda, rom rasac Cven emocionaluri aR-Zvris iarliys vaZlevT SeiZleba damokidebuli iyosgaregan maniSneblebze. rogorc adre mivuTiTeT SeiZlebamoxdes emocionaluri aRZvris interferencia. amasTan, ro-

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gorc zemoT aRvniSneT aRZvris gansxvavebuli tipebi,gavlenas axdenen romantikul grZnobebze da seqsualurinteresebze. eqsperimentebSi, romlebic fokusirebulniiyvnen SiSze, erotikul aRZvraze, dabrkolebebze - e.i. ammaxasiaTeblebiT gamowveuli aRzneba - gavlenas axdendaseqsualur interesebze. miaCniaT, rom roca mSoblebicdilobdnen xeli SeuSalon Svilis urTierTobas partni-orTan, CaSalon maTi urTierToba, iwvevs Svilis gabraze-bas, rac Tavis mxriv Sedegad iZleva siyvarulis grZnobisgazrdas.

amrigad, vnebiani siyvarulis pirobebSi ganixilaven:kulturul fons, romelSic individi swavlobs siyva-rulis Sesaxeb da moelis rom masac SeemTxveva es; sawi-naaRmdego sqesis individis arseboba, rogorc siyvarulisobieqti (Sesabamisi mimzidvelobiT, simaRliT, asakiT daa.S.); fsiqologiuri aRZvra, romelic interpretirebuliarogorc siyvaruli da eZleva es iarliyi.

kvleviTi monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom qalebi da mama-kacebi sakmaod emsgavsebian erTmaneTs Tu ras imedovnebenrom miiReben urTierTobebidan. orives unda siyvaruli dasqesi, seqsualuri mizidva aucilebelia maram arasakmarisipirobaa raTa giyvardes meore piri (Meyers & Berscheid, 1997).orives surs intimi da Zala gaakontrolas urTierTobismimdinareoba. aRmoCnda, rom mamakacebi ufro adviladavaddebian am 3seniT4 vidre qalebi, magram qalebi ufroadvilad inkurnebian vidre mamakacebi (Rubin, Peplau & Hill1981)

megobroba-siyvaruli - vnebiani siyvaruli, varaudobenrom TandaTanobiT gadadis e.w. megobroba-siyvarulisurTierTobaSi. megobroba-siyvaruli miuTiTebs Rrma daxangrZliv megobrobaze, romelic gulisxmobs urTierT-mowonebas da pativiscemas, gamokveTil pozitiur emociebs.garda amisa xazs usvamen mis iseT maxasiaTebelze rogori-caa urTierTzrunva. saerTod naklebia filmebi da simRe-rebi megobroba-siyvarulze, magram Cans, rom es arisurTierTmijaWulobis grZnoba romelic SesaZlebels xdisxangrZliv pozitiur urTierTobas.

aseT momwifebul xangrZliv urTierTobaSi ori indiv-idi swavlobs rogor asiamovnon erTmaneTs, rogorc mWid-ro megobrebma. TiToeuli cdilobs moaTavsos didi Rire-

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buleba meoreSi, da TiToeuli individi ganxilulia ro-gorc meoris bedniereba da keTildReoba. qvemoT mocemulcxrilSi mocemulia zogierTi faqtori romelic moqmedebsama Tu im safexurze.

socialuri urTierTobis rRveva

levingerma aRwera socialuri urTierTobis xuTi Sesa-Zlebeli safexuri (Levinger, G. 1980) sawyisi mizidva; urTi-erTobis aSeneba; gagrZeleba; gauareseba da damTavreba.

urTierTobissafexurebi

pozitiurifaqtorebi

negatiurifaqtorebi

sawyisimizidva

siaxlove da game-orebuli eqcpozi-cia, afiliaciismaRali moTxovni-leba da megobro-bis motivacia

siaxlovis da game-orebuli eqspozi-ciis ar arseboba.negatiuri emociebi,dabali afiliaciisda megobrobismotivacia

urTierTobisaSeneba

eqvivalenturifizikuri mimzidve-loba, atitudebSida sxva maxasiaTeb-lebSi msgavseba,urTierT pozitiu-ri Sefasebebi

ara eqvivalenturifizikuri mimzid-veloba. atitudebSida sxva maxasiaTeb-lebSi gansxvaveba.urTierT negatiuriSefasebebi

gagrZeleba

gzebis Zieba Seina-rCuno interesi damravalferovneba;uzrunvelyo pozi-tiuri SefasebisSesamCneoba. eWvi-anobis ararseboba,aRqmuli samarTli-anoba, urTierTdakmayofilebismaRali done

gaxde rutinuli damosawyeni. uzrunve-lyo negatiuriSefasebis SesaZ-lebloba. aRqmuliusamarTloba.urTierT dakmayo-filebis dabalidone

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gauareseba

meti dro daZalisxmevaa Cade-buli urTierToba-Si; zrunva urTi-erTobis gaumjobe-sebisaTvis; ucadourTierTobisgaumjobesebas

naklebi dro da Za-lisxmevaa Cade-buli urTierTo-bebSi; gadawyvitourTierTobis ga-wyveta. ucado ga-uaresebis gagrZe-lebas

damTavreba

arsebuli urTier-Tobis Riadobagarkveuli Sedegis-Tvis; alternatulipartnioris ararse-boba; molodiniurTierTobis gag-rZelebisa; SeTan-xmeba gaagrZelonurTierToba

Cans, erTaderTimisaRebi gadawyve-tilebaa axalicxovrebis dawyeba;alternatiulipartnioris arse-boba; urTierTobismarcxiT damTavre-bis molodini; ur-erTobis gagrZele-baze SeTanxmebisararseboba

umetesi socialur-fsiqologiuri gamokvleva, romelic Ca-tarda ukanasknel periodSi, exeboda pirvel or safexurs.dRes gaZlierda interesi im faqtorebis mimarT, romlebicgavlenas axdenen danarCen sam safexurze.

urTierTobis gagrZelebis mcdeloba. erTerTi saerToproblema urTierTobaSi aris eWvianoba. rodesac individiaRiqvams eWvs metoqes siyvarulSi, arsebobs ori saxissaSiSroeba - individma SeiZleba dakargos is jildo ro-melsac iRebs urTierTobidan. da arsebobs agreTve TviT-Sefasebis dadablebis saSiSroeba. ukiduresi eWvianobaSeicavs SfoTvas, SiSs, tkivils, gabrazebas, uimedobas.fizikur simptomebs - guliscemis aCqareba, simsubuqe muc-lis areSi. metoqe SeiZleba iyos realuri an warmod-geniTi. romantikul mizidvas metoqesa da partniors SorisSeiZleba adgili hqondes awmyoSi, warsulSi an rogorcSesaZlebel molodins momavalSi.

arsebobs gansxvaveba individebs Soris eWvianobis ganc-dis tendenciebSi. kvlevebi miuTiTeben, rom mozrdilebis

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54 procenti Tvlis, rom aris eWviani. is vinc aris eWvianitendencia aqvs hqondes ara adeqvaturobis da damokide-bulebis grZnoba. zedmetad fiqrobs seqsualurgansakuTrebulobaze, miaCniaT, rom eWvianobis erTerTideterminanti SeiZleba iyos bavSvobis droindeligancdebi, kerZod, rac ufro gamoxatavdnen mSoblebieWvianobis grZnobas, miT ufro meti albaTobaa, romSvilebs igive tendenciebi eqnebaT, iseve ireagireben rocamozrdilebi gaxdebian.

aRmoCnda rom zogierTi (kolejis studenti gogonebisyoveli mesame da biWebis yoveli mexuTe) ganzrax cdilobsTavisi moqmedebiT aeWvianos partniori. aRniSnaven, rompartniorTan laparakoben, rom viRac moswonT, aSkaradflirtaoben sxvebTan, SesamCnevad dadian sxvebTan, lapa-rakoben pirvel siyvarulze an yvebian istorias am sakiT-xebze. mizani aseTi qcevisa aRmoCnda, rom SeiZleba iyosurTierTobis Semowmeba, aiZulon partniori miaqcios masyuradReba, Suri iZion an aamaRlon TviTSefaseba. cxadia,is vinc winaswar ganzraxviT cdilobs gamoiwvios eWviano-ba riskian TamaSs eweva, SeiZleba gamoiwvios urTierTobisdarRveva. sainteresoa, rom is vinc gegmavs araqorwinebrivurTierTobebs, is naklebad eWvianobs imaze, Tu ras ake-Tebs misi partniori.

aRmoCnda, rom urTierTobis mniSvnelovani aspeqtia is,Tu ra xarisxSi grZnoben partniorebi samarTlian mopyro-bas. samarTlianoba arsebobs rodesac partniorebs swamTrom isini arian Tanabrad mimzidvelni, socialurebi,inteligenturebi. aseve miuTiTeben Tanabari siyvarulisgrZnobis, seqsualuri survilis mniSvnelobaze. samarTlia-noba moicavs agreTve cxovrebis iseT aspeqtebs rogoricaapartniorebis Tanabari Semosavali, wvlili saojaxo saqmi-anobaSi da urTierTTan cxovrebis siadvile. kvlevebmaaCvena samarTlianobis didi mniSvneloba partniorebisukmayofilebisaTvis, colqmruli bednierebisa da stabi-lurobisaTvis.

urTierTobis gauareseba da damTavreba. saerTod urTi-erTobis darRveva arc Tu ise sasiamovnoa magram gansa-kuTrebiT mtkivneulia Tu masSi siyvarulia CarTuli.levingeri varaudobs, rom gauareseba iwyeba roca erTi an

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orive partniorisaTvis pirobebi naklebad sasurveli gax-deba vidre adre iyo.

miuTiTeben, rom reaqcia aRqmul gauaresebaze SeiZlebaiyos rogorc aqtiuri ise pasiuri. aqtiuria roca partni-orebi gadawyveten Sewyviton urTierToba, 3gasvlis4 qceva,an imoqmedon gaumjobesebisaTvis 3xmis amoRebis4 qceva.pasiuria – mocda, iqneb moxdes gaumjobeseba, 3loialuro-bis4 qceva, an iqneb gagrZeldes gauareseba (3ugulebel-yofa4). aqedan, xmis amoReba da loialuroba Sefasebuliarogorc konstruqciuli, xolo gasvla da ugulebelyofarogorc destruqciuli. aRmoCnda, rom destruqciuli qce-va aris kritikuli elementi romelic mizezobrivad gan-sazRvravs tanjvas urTierTobebSi.

mkvlevarTa umravlesoba Tanxmdeba imaSi, rom arsebobsmWidro urTierTobis damTavrebis mravali gza. procesiSeiZleba sakmaod martivi iyos, roca orive partniorieTanxmeba rom es saWiroa.

urTierTobis gawyveta xangrZlivi da mtkivneulia Tuswrafi, aRmoCnda rom damokidebulia mizidulobis inten-siobaze, romelsac grZnobdnen partniorebi. xangrZliviurTierTobis gawyvetas mivyavarT met usiamovnebamde, Si-Samde, martoobamde, vidre susti emocionaluri kavSirisgawyvetas.

gauareseba advilad mTavrdeba gawyvetiT Tu ar arse-bobs sami faqtori: urTierToba uzrunvelyofs dakma-yofilebis maRal dones; orive partniorma ukve Cado dro-is da Zalisxmevis didi raodenoba; alternatiuli partni-ori ar unda iyos advili xelmisawvdomi.

zogjer individebi urTierTobaSi moelian marcxs imi-tom, rom amCneven marcxs sxva wyvilebSi. zogjer, axalicxovreba Cans rom aris erTaderTi misaRebi gadawyveta.

am kvlevebs mivyavarT daskvnamde, rom siyvaruli SeiZ-leba individs Tavs daatydes uecrad da Zaldautaneblad.urTierTobis SenarCuneba ki piriqiT moiTxovs ori indivi-dis saguldagulo Sromas da Zalisxmevas xangrZlivi dro-is ganmavlobaSi.