Intervention Warm UpWrite question & answer. You must show your work!

A cheetah can run at a rate of 30 meters per second. How far could a cheetah travel in 60 seconds? D= T x S

A. 90 metersB. 120 metersC. 150 metersD. 1800 meters

Science Warm Up1-5-16

Write question & answer

Which is the best description of where earthquakes are likely to occur?

• A in the middle of a continent• B along a coastline• C along two plate boundaries• D in the middle of an ocean

HomeworkDue Wed 1/6/16

• Page 55 in textbook • Write all Q & A

• Bring science books to class tomorrow!

GLE Review

• GLE 0707.1.1 Make observations and describe the structure and function of organelles found in plant and animal cells.

• GLE 0707.1.2 Summarize how the different levels of organization are integrated within living systems.

Cell Structure & Function

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life

functions.

Examples of CellsAmoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Bacteria

Discovery of Cells

• The invention of the lens

• Robert Hooke (1665): observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells) with a microscope. He described what he observed as “little boxes” (cells).

The Cell Theory

• What is the cell theory?1. All living things are composed of one

or more cells.2. Cells are organisms’ basic units of

structure and function.3. Cells come only from existing cells.

The Cell Theory

• Who developed the cell theory?– Matthias Schleiden (1838):

concluded that all plants are composed of cells

– Theodor Schwann (1839): concluded that all animals are composed of cells

– Rudolph Virchow (1855): determined that cells come only from other cells

Cell Diversity

• Size• Shape• Internal Organization

Cell Diversity-

Size

Cell Diversity- Size

6 inches long, 5 inches wide, 3 pounds

Smallest Cells:

Longest Cells:

Ostrich Egg

Biggest Cells:

Two Types of Cells

•Prokaryotic•Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells• Do not have

structures surrounded by membranes

• Few internal structures

• One-celled organisms, Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• Most living organisms

Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

“Typical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

nucleus? NO (nucleoid) YES

membrane-bound organelles? NO YES (Many)

size 1 - 10 m 10 - 50 m

when evolved? 3.5 billion years ago 1.5 billion years ago

cytoplasm? YES YES

cell membrane? YES YES

cell wall? Some Do Plants

ribosomes? YES YES

DNA? CircularFree Floating Chromosomes in Nucleus

examples Bacteria Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists

The Parts of the Cell

• Each living cell carries out the tasks of taking food, transforming food into energy, getting rid of wastes, and reproducing.

Cell Parts

Organelles

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane

• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell

• Double layer • Selectively permeable• Found in all cells

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Wall• Most commonly found

in plant cells & bacteria

• Supports & protects cells

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Inside the Cell

Nucleus• Structure: the nucleus is a

sphere that contains another sphere called a nucleolus

• controls cell activities

-Contains genetic material - DNA

Nucleolus• Inside nucleus• Contains RNA to build

proteins

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chromosomes• In nucleus• Made of DNA• Contain instructions

for traits & characteristics

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cytoplasm• Gel-like mixture• Surrounded by cell membrane• Contains hereditary material

Endoplasmic Reticulum• intercellular highway (a

path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another) Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes

• Rough ER (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

* Smooth and Rough ER have different functions

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Ribosomes• Each cell contains

thousands• Make proteins• Found on ribosomes

& floating throughout the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondria• Produces energy through

chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates

• Controls level of water and other materials in cell

• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies• Protein 'packaging

plant'• Move materials within

the cell• Move materials out of

the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Lysosome• Function: breaks down

food particles, invading objects, or worn out cell parts

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles• Structure: a sac of

fluid surrounded by a membrane– Very large in plants

• Function: used for temporary storage of wastes, nutrients, and water

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chloroplast• Usually found in plant

cells• Contains green

chlorophyll• Where

photosynthesis takes place

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

3 organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells

TOD1-5-16

In which cell organelle does photosynthesis take place?

A. vacuole B. chloroplasts C. cell wall D. mitochondrion