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By
TANIMA CHAKRABORTY(Roll-21)SREEYA CHAKRABARTY(Roll-24)MEGHALI DEY (Roll-37)
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Welcome to the WORLD of
OPTICAL FIBREWhat is optical fiber
communication? The process of
communication usingOptical Fibers
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A WALK THROUGHTIME
The Founders and Developers
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1ST
-GENERATION
rate of 45 Mbps
repeater spacin
of
up to 10 km.
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single-mode fiber
rates of 1.7 Gb/s repeater spacing up to 50 k
2nd -GENERATION -
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Rate of 2.5
Gb/s,
repeater
spacing in
excess of
100 km
3RD -GENERATION
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repeaters and wavelength-
division multiplexing
14 Tb/s, repeater
Spacing of 160 km.
4th -GENERATION
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newdry fiber,low-loss
window
range of 1.30-1.65 m.
5thGENERATION
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TECHNOLOGY
Optical transmitter
converts an electrical
signal into an optical signal . The
information transmitted is typically digital
information.
Optical receiver
recovers the signal as an
electrical signal.
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Transmitters:
Commonly-used - semiconductordevices -LEDs ,Laser diodes.
LEDs are very useful for low-costapplications.
Laser allows high coupling
efficiency.
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Receivers:
The photoelectric effect
MSM-suitable for circuitintegrationin regenerators and
wavelength-divisionmultiplexers.
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3. LIGHT SCATTERING
Diffuse reflection or scattering, characterized by widevariety of reflection angles.
depends on the wavelength of the light being
scattered
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Now regeneration of the optical
signal is only needed over
distances of hundreds of
kilometers-
Reduction in the cost of optical
networking.
Dispersion management.
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features about
opt ical f ibers ! ! !Interes t ing
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Fiber can be installed in areas with
high electromagnetic interference.
Has inherently high data-carryingcapacity
Even when run alongside each otherfor long distances, fiber cablesexperience effectively no crosstalk
Fiber has exceptionally low loss.
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Optical systems cango over 100kilometers ,with noactive or passiveprocessing.
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Comparison of optical fibercommunication
with electric transmission
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In short distance and relatively low bandwidthapplications, electrical transmission is oftenpreferred because of its :Lower material cost, where large quantities are not
required
Lower cost of transmitters and receivers
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SO WHY USEOPTICAL FIBER ???
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In certain situations fiber may be usedeven for short distance or low bandwidth
applications, due to other importantfeatures:
Immunity to electromagnetic interference, including
nuclear electromagnetic pulses .
High electrical resistance.
Lighter weightimportant, for example, in aircraft.
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