Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
1 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Workshop
Gamification of
Learning Design Environments
Michael Derntl, Milos Kravcik, Ralf Klamma
RWTH Aachen University, Advanced Community Information Systems (ACIS)
Jonathan Chacón, Davinia Hernández-Leo
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Interactive Technologies Group (GTI)
10th Joint European Summer School on
Technology Enhanced Learning (JTEL 2014)
April 28 – May 2, 2014
Mellieha, Malta
This work has been funded with support from the European Commission. This presentation reflects
the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which
may be made of the information contained therein.
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Workshop Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this workshop you will be able to
– Explain concept and issues of learning design
– Reflect on the learning design life cycle and barriers
– Explain concept and process of gamification
– Apply gamification to a non-game problem context
– Present and reflect on your work
– Provide constructive feedback to peers
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Agenda
Monday– Input on learning design, Integrated Learning Design
Environment (ILDE), learning design scenarios
– Reflection on personal learning design experiences
– Input on gamification, game elements, gamification strategy
– Task: Gamify ILDE
– Discussion
Thursday– Task: Gamify ILDE, continued
– Presentations of gamification concepts
– Investments (best concept will be featured on METIS newsletter & GALA website)
– Conclusion
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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LEARNING DESIGN
ENVIRONMENTS
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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The Necessity of Design
Author
ImplementConceptualize
Magic
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Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Learning Design
Structural perspective:– A learning design is a reusable representation (abstraction) of
a concrete learning opportunity
– It arranges teaching methods, assessment, content and other elements of a learning environment (e.g. tools)
– Sometimes also called “unit of learning” (UoL); can refer to a course, a workshop, a lesson, …
Process perspective: – Learning design is the process of creating learning designs; it
is performed by the learning designer
Separation of – Design time: abstract description, sometimes machine
readable
– Run time: instantiation with particular people and tools
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Learning Design Ecosystem
Learning design as a discipline is supported by
– Frameworks and methodologies to guide the learning designer – e.g. design patterns, BLESS model, ILDE
– Representations and languages to describe learning designs both visually and textually – e.g. Course Map, coUML, IMS Learning Design, …
– Repositories and services to host, share, co-create learning designs for reuse – e.g. Integrated Learning Design Environment (ILDE), Open ICOPER Content Space (OICS), LAMS Central
– Tools implementing one or more of the above, e.g. CompendiumLD, WebCollage, LAMS, OpenGLM, …
for a detailed listing see http://ld-grid.org/resources
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
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Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Example:
Role-Play Represented in OpenGLM
Role play is a dramatized case-study
Idea: Members of a group act out roles surrounding a situation, condition, or circumstance to make different perspectives on the issue visible
(One possible) design representation:
Activity sequence:
Roles:
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Learning Design Cycle
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(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Learning Design Cycle
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Task
Reflect on your own learning design practice and
the learning design culture at your institution
Example questions to ask: How are you/they
designing your courses? Why are you/they doing it
this way? What tools are you using? What could be
improved? …
Write up your thoughts on the post-it notes;
organize your reflections by distinguishing
conceptualization, authoring, and implementation
Time: 10 Minutes
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Integrated Learning Design
Environment (ILDE)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZ4hQudEmDs
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
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Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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ILDE Scenarios (1)
Design Cycle
– Analyze context (audience of the design, setting, constraints, pre-requisites, etc.)
– Conceptualize macro-designs (learning goals, main activities, etc.)
– Author detailed designs (activities, resources, tools)
– Reuse existing designs
– Implement designs in VLEs
Sharing
– Share for (others’) awareness
– Share for reuse
– Share for co-creation
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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ILDE Scenarios (2)
Commenting– Document reflections after implementation
– Provide formative comments on (other) designs
Exploration– Explore designs to be aware of colleagues’ activities
– Explore the reuse history of a design
– Explore implementations of designs
– Exploring designs from other institutions
Challenges regarding the scenarios:– Scenarios are typically deemed highly desirable
– Scenarios are not typically happening at the institutions for various reasons (lack of motivation, time, interest, etc.)
– How can we overcome this engagement gap? …
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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GAMIFICATION
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Gamification
Gamification is the use of game design elements in non-game contexts
Objective may vary depending on application context– e.g. in business, politics, social
networks, health, …
– Typically intends to achieve some change in “user” behavior
Example? Frequent flyerprogram– Objective in non-game context:
increase customer loyalty
– Design elements: points, levels, badges, rewards, progression, challenges, etc.
Note: Gamification ≠ Serious Games ≠ Game Based Learning
WHOLE PART
GAME
PLAY
(Serious)
Games
Gameful
Design
(Gamification)
Toys Playful Design
(Deterding et al 2011)
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Game Elements Pyramid for
Gamification
Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014
DynamicsBig-picture aspects;
“grammar”
MechanicsProcesses that drive
action forward;
“verbs”
ComponentsSpecific instantiations of
mechanics and dynamics;
“nouns”
Emotions,
Constraints,
Narrative,
Progression,
Relationships, …
Challenges, Chance,
Competition, Cooperation,
Feedback, Resource Acquisition,
Rewards, Transactions, Turns,
Win States, …
Achievements, Avatars, Badges, Boss Fights,
Collections, Combat, Content Unlocking,
Gifting (Charity), Leaderboards, Levels, Points,
Quests, Social Graph, Teams, Virtual Goods, …
(See the “Gamification Handout”)
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Example: Badges
A badge represents an
achievement
– e.g. various check-in
achievements on Foursquare
Often combined with points
(= feedback, win states,
progression) and
leaderboards
(=competition)
Mozilla Open Badges – standard
to recognize and verify learning
Image Source: https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2013/03/14/open_badges/
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Example: Foursquare
LeaderboardAchievements
Badges
Points, Feedback,
Resource Acq.
Challenge
Feedback
Collections
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Gamification Strategy
Werbach’s Gamification Design Framework
1. Define business objectives
2. Delineate target behaviors
3. Describe the players
4. Devise activity loops
5. Don‘t forget the fun
6. Deploy the appropriate tools
Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Gamification Strategy (1)
1. Define the objectives
– List and rank objectives
– Eliminate means to ends (e.g. collecting badges is a means, not an objective)
– Justify objectives
2. Delineate target behaviors
– Specific things that you want users to do, e.g. take more weekend flights to Berlin
– Success metrics (“win states”)
– Analytics for measuring the path towards win states (e.g. DAU/MAU, virality, activity volume)
Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Gamification Strategy (2)
3. Describe the players
– Characterize players
– Think how they will respond to gamification structures
– Example typography (Bartle’s MUD player types [1])
PLAYERS WORLD
ACTING
INTERACTING
Killers Achievers
Socializers Explorers
Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014
[1] Bartle, R. (1996) Hearts, Clubs,
Diamonds, Spades: Players Who Suit
MUDs. Journal of MUD Research 1(1)
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Gamification Strategy (3)
3. Devise activity loops– Engagement loops
(individual): Motivation > Action > Feedback > …
– Progression loops (overall):Stepwise progression from start (current state) to end (objectives met)
– Ideal player journey: challenge and skill level co-evolve
Image © Andrzej Marczewski -- http://gamified.co.uk/2012/11/30/flow-and-satisfaction/Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Gamification Strategy (4)
Don’t forget the fun
– Think whether your gamified
system involves fun and
engaging activities
Deploy appropriate tools
– Deploy the appropriate game
elements
– Check whether the tools are
aligned with previous steps
DynamicsBig-picture aspects;
“grammar”
MechanicsProcesses that drive action
forward; “verbs”
ComponentsSpecific instantiations of
mechanics and dynamics; “nouns”
http://youtu.be/SByymar3bds
Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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INTERACTIVE EXERCISE
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
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Task: Gamify ILDE
Today:
– Get ILDE account at http://ilde.upf.edu
– Team up, and appoint team leader
– Explore ILDE and select one or more ILDE scenarios to gamify – help: ILDE handouts
– Produce gamification concept for ILDE – Use the presented Gamification Strategy – help: Gamification Handout
– Create visual mockups based on ILDE GUI – help: ILDE handouts
– Create presentation slides for your concept
– Pitch the concept
– Investment game– Invest your play money in presented concepts
– Top concepts get featured on GALA blog and METIS newsletter
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Output:
Gamification Concept Presentation
Objectives (1 slide)– Which section of ILDE you want to gamify (e.g. user profiles,
sharing, resuing, …)
– Refer to the relevant ILDE scenario(s) presented before
Target behaviors (1 slide)– What you want the ILDE users to do on the affected ILDE
section(s)
– If multiple user roles are affected, describe those
Gamification concept (n slides) – Use the pyramid on the handout to identify a set of game
elements that help to achieve the defined objectives & targetbehaviors
– Create mockups how the gamified ILDE sections include thosegame elements
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
29
Reminder: ILDE Scenarios
Design Cycle
– Analyze context
– Conceptualize designs
– Author detailed designs
– Reuse existing designs
– Implement in VLE
Sharing
– Share for awareness
– Share for reuse
– Share for co-creation
Commenting
– Document reflections
– Provide formative
comments
Exploration
– Explore designs to be aware
– Explore the reuse history
– Explore implementations
– Exploring other institutions
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
30
Reminder: Game Elements Pyramid
DynamicsBig-picture aspects;
“grammar”
MechanicsProcesses that drive
action forward;
“verbs”
ComponentsSpecific instantiations of
mechanics and dynamics;
“nouns”
Emotions,
Constraints,
Narrative,
Progression,
Relationships, …
Challenges, Chance,
Competition, Cooperation,
Feedback, Resource Acquisition,
Rewards, Transactions, Turns,
Win States, …
Achievements, Avatars, Badges, Boss Fights,
Collections, Combat, Content Unlocking,
Gifting (Charity), Leaderboards, Levels, Points,
Quests, Social Graph, Teams, Virtual Goods, …
(See the “Gamification Handout”)Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
31
Help:
User Interface Mockups
A mockup is a visual sketch of the user interface
How to create mockups?
– Draw with pen on paper, take a picture, include in presentation
– Use an online tool, e.g. Balsamiq
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(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Reminder:
Some ILDE Pages in Dire Need
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Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Who created, to who can edit, who can view Last modification
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(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Number of revisionsComments
How many documents has this LdS
Filter by Tool
Filter by Tag
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Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Groups of LdShakers
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INVESTMENT GAME
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Determining the Top Concepts
Each of you gets play money to invest
The workshop chairs also have play money
There is a rich angel investor in the room
Each envelope is the bank account for a gamification
concept
Distribute your play money over the envelopes
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Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
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Investment Results
These top concepts will be featured
on the GALA blog and on METIS news:
1. Maltaplayer raised $3500
2. Zoo raised $3100
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