Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Workshop

Gamification of

Learning Design Environments

Michael Derntl, Milos Kravcik, Ralf Klamma

RWTH Aachen University, Advanced Community Information Systems (ACIS)

Jonathan Chacón, Davinia Hernández-Leo

Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Interactive Technologies Group (GTI)

10th Joint European Summer School on

Technology Enhanced Learning (JTEL 2014)

April 28 – May 2, 2014

Mellieha, Malta

This work has been funded with support from the European Commission. This presentation reflects

the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which

may be made of the information contained therein.

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

2

Workshop Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of this workshop you will be able to

– Explain concept and issues of learning design

– Reflect on the learning design life cycle and barriers

– Explain concept and process of gamification

– Apply gamification to a non-game problem context

– Present and reflect on your work

– Provide constructive feedback to peers

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Agenda

Monday– Input on learning design, Integrated Learning Design

Environment (ILDE), learning design scenarios

– Reflection on personal learning design experiences

– Input on gamification, game elements, gamification strategy

– Task: Gamify ILDE

– Discussion

Thursday– Task: Gamify ILDE, continued

– Presentations of gamification concepts

– Investments (best concept will be featured on METIS newsletter & GALA website)

– Conclusion

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

4

LEARNING DESIGN

ENVIRONMENTS

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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The Necessity of Design

Author

ImplementConceptualize

Magic

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Learning Design

Structural perspective:– A learning design is a reusable representation (abstraction) of

a concrete learning opportunity

– It arranges teaching methods, assessment, content and other elements of a learning environment (e.g. tools)

– Sometimes also called “unit of learning” (UoL); can refer to a course, a workshop, a lesson, …

Process perspective: – Learning design is the process of creating learning designs; it

is performed by the learning designer

Separation of – Design time: abstract description, sometimes machine

readable

– Run time: instantiation with particular people and tools

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

7

Learning Design Ecosystem

Learning design as a discipline is supported by

– Frameworks and methodologies to guide the learning designer – e.g. design patterns, BLESS model, ILDE

– Representations and languages to describe learning designs both visually and textually – e.g. Course Map, coUML, IMS Learning Design, …

– Repositories and services to host, share, co-create learning designs for reuse – e.g. Integrated Learning Design Environment (ILDE), Open ICOPER Content Space (OICS), LAMS Central

– Tools implementing one or more of the above, e.g. CompendiumLD, WebCollage, LAMS, OpenGLM, …

for a detailed listing see http://ld-grid.org/resources

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Example:

Role-Play Represented in OpenGLM

Role play is a dramatized case-study

Idea: Members of a group act out roles surrounding a situation, condition, or circumstance to make different perspectives on the issue visible

(One possible) design representation:

Activity sequence:

Roles:

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

9

Learning Design Cycle

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Learning Design Cycle

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Task

Reflect on your own learning design practice and

the learning design culture at your institution

Example questions to ask: How are you/they

designing your courses? Why are you/they doing it

this way? What tools are you using? What could be

improved? …

Write up your thoughts on the post-it notes;

organize your reflections by distinguishing

conceptualization, authoring, and implementation

Time: 10 Minutes

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Integrated Learning Design

Environment (ILDE)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZ4hQudEmDs

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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ILDE Scenarios (1)

Design Cycle

– Analyze context (audience of the design, setting, constraints, pre-requisites, etc.)

– Conceptualize macro-designs (learning goals, main activities, etc.)

– Author detailed designs (activities, resources, tools)

– Reuse existing designs

– Implement designs in VLEs

Sharing

– Share for (others’) awareness

– Share for reuse

– Share for co-creation

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

14

ILDE Scenarios (2)

Commenting– Document reflections after implementation

– Provide formative comments on (other) designs

Exploration– Explore designs to be aware of colleagues’ activities

– Explore the reuse history of a design

– Explore implementations of designs

– Exploring designs from other institutions

Challenges regarding the scenarios:– Scenarios are typically deemed highly desirable

– Scenarios are not typically happening at the institutions for various reasons (lack of motivation, time, interest, etc.)

– How can we overcome this engagement gap? …

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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GAMIFICATION

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Gamification

Gamification is the use of game design elements in non-game contexts

Objective may vary depending on application context– e.g. in business, politics, social

networks, health, …

– Typically intends to achieve some change in “user” behavior

Example? Frequent flyerprogram– Objective in non-game context:

increase customer loyalty

– Design elements: points, levels, badges, rewards, progression, challenges, etc.

Note: Gamification ≠ Serious Games ≠ Game Based Learning

WHOLE PART

GAME

PLAY

(Serious)

Games

Gameful

Design

(Gamification)

Toys Playful Design

(Deterding et al 2011)

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

17

Game Elements Pyramid for

Gamification

Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014

DynamicsBig-picture aspects;

“grammar”

MechanicsProcesses that drive

action forward;

“verbs”

ComponentsSpecific instantiations of

mechanics and dynamics;

“nouns”

Emotions,

Constraints,

Narrative,

Progression,

Relationships, …

Challenges, Chance,

Competition, Cooperation,

Feedback, Resource Acquisition,

Rewards, Transactions, Turns,

Win States, …

Achievements, Avatars, Badges, Boss Fights,

Collections, Combat, Content Unlocking,

Gifting (Charity), Leaderboards, Levels, Points,

Quests, Social Graph, Teams, Virtual Goods, …

(See the “Gamification Handout”)

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Example: Badges

A badge represents an

achievement

– e.g. various check-in

achievements on Foursquare

Often combined with points

(= feedback, win states,

progression) and

leaderboards

(=competition)

Mozilla Open Badges – standard

to recognize and verify learning

Image Source: https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2013/03/14/open_badges/

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Example: Foursquare

LeaderboardAchievements

Badges

Points, Feedback,

Resource Acq.

Challenge

Feedback

Collections

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

21

Gamification Strategy

Werbach’s Gamification Design Framework

1. Define business objectives

2. Delineate target behaviors

3. Describe the players

4. Devise activity loops

5. Don‘t forget the fun

6. Deploy the appropriate tools

Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

22

Gamification Strategy (1)

1. Define the objectives

– List and rank objectives

– Eliminate means to ends (e.g. collecting badges is a means, not an objective)

– Justify objectives

2. Delineate target behaviors

– Specific things that you want users to do, e.g. take more weekend flights to Berlin

– Success metrics (“win states”)

– Analytics for measuring the path towards win states (e.g. DAU/MAU, virality, activity volume)

Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

23

Gamification Strategy (2)

3. Describe the players

– Characterize players

– Think how they will respond to gamification structures

– Example typography (Bartle’s MUD player types [1])

PLAYERS WORLD

ACTING

INTERACTING

Killers Achievers

Socializers Explorers

Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014

[1] Bartle, R. (1996) Hearts, Clubs,

Diamonds, Spades: Players Who Suit

MUDs. Journal of MUD Research 1(1)

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

24

Gamification Strategy (3)

3. Devise activity loops– Engagement loops

(individual): Motivation > Action > Feedback > …

– Progression loops (overall):Stepwise progression from start (current state) to end (objectives met)

– Ideal player journey: challenge and skill level co-evolve

Image © Andrzej Marczewski -- http://gamified.co.uk/2012/11/30/flow-and-satisfaction/Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

25

Gamification Strategy (4)

Don’t forget the fun

– Think whether your gamified

system involves fun and

engaging activities

Deploy appropriate tools

– Deploy the appropriate game

elements

– Check whether the tools are

aligned with previous steps

DynamicsBig-picture aspects;

“grammar”

MechanicsProcesses that drive action

forward; “verbs”

ComponentsSpecific instantiations of

mechanics and dynamics; “nouns”

http://youtu.be/SByymar3bds

Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

26

INTERACTIVE EXERCISE

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Task: Gamify ILDE

Today:

– Get ILDE account at http://ilde.upf.edu

– Team up, and appoint team leader

– Explore ILDE and select one or more ILDE scenarios to gamify – help: ILDE handouts

– Produce gamification concept for ILDE – Use the presented Gamification Strategy – help: Gamification Handout

– Create visual mockups based on ILDE GUI – help: ILDE handouts

– Create presentation slides for your concept

– Pitch the concept

– Investment game– Invest your play money in presented concepts

– Top concepts get featured on GALA blog and METIS newsletter

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

28

Output:

Gamification Concept Presentation

Objectives (1 slide)– Which section of ILDE you want to gamify (e.g. user profiles,

sharing, resuing, …)

– Refer to the relevant ILDE scenario(s) presented before

Target behaviors (1 slide)– What you want the ILDE users to do on the affected ILDE

section(s)

– If multiple user roles are affected, describe those

Gamification concept (n slides) – Use the pyramid on the handout to identify a set of game

elements that help to achieve the defined objectives & targetbehaviors

– Create mockups how the gamified ILDE sections include thosegame elements

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

29

Reminder: ILDE Scenarios

Design Cycle

– Analyze context

– Conceptualize designs

– Author detailed designs

– Reuse existing designs

– Implement in VLE

Sharing

– Share for awareness

– Share for reuse

– Share for co-creation

Commenting

– Document reflections

– Provide formative

comments

Exploration

– Explore designs to be aware

– Explore the reuse history

– Explore implementations

– Exploring other institutions

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

30

Reminder: Game Elements Pyramid

DynamicsBig-picture aspects;

“grammar”

MechanicsProcesses that drive

action forward;

“verbs”

ComponentsSpecific instantiations of

mechanics and dynamics;

“nouns”

Emotions,

Constraints,

Narrative,

Progression,

Relationships, …

Challenges, Chance,

Competition, Cooperation,

Feedback, Resource Acquisition,

Rewards, Transactions, Turns,

Win States, …

Achievements, Avatars, Badges, Boss Fights,

Collections, Combat, Content Unlocking,

Gifting (Charity), Leaderboards, Levels, Points,

Quests, Social Graph, Teams, Virtual Goods, …

(See the “Gamification Handout”)Based on Kevin Werbach’s Gamification Course, 2014

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

31

Help:

User Interface Mockups

A mockup is a visual sketch of the user interface

How to create mockups?

– Draw with pen on paper, take a picture, include in presentation

– Use an online tool, e.g. Balsamiq

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

32

Reminder:

Some ILDE Pages in Dire Need

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

33

Who created, to who can edit, who can view Last modification

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Number of revisionsComments

How many documents has this LdS

Filter by Tool

Filter by Tag

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

35

Groups of LdShakers

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Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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INVESTMENT GAME

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(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

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Determining the Top Concepts

Each of you gets play money to invest

The workshop chairs also have play money

There is a rich angel investor in the room

Each envelope is the bank account for a gamification

concept

Distribute your play money over the envelopes

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5

(Information Systems)

Prof. Dr. M. Jarke

38

Investment Results

These top concepts will be featured

on the GALA blog and on METIS news:

1. Maltaplayer raised $3500

2. Zoo raised $3100