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Building Energy Simulation Tools:
An Overview
Dr. D. Charlie Curcija
Dr. Mahabir BhandariDr. Lawrence L. Ambs
University of Massachusetts
MIE Dept.
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
160 Governors Dr.
Amherst, MA 01003-9265
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Overview
Why building simulation (BS) tools?
Application of BS tools
Available BS Tools
How to choose a simulation tool?
Performing building simulation
Example: Case Study
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Why Building Simulation (BS) Tools?
To answer What If questions
An inexpensive means for exploring a plethora of different designoptions and HVAC systems
Aid in the analysis of energy usage in building
Energy conservation studies Building design studies
Energy saving potential: energy efficient design and operation
Building performance involves complex interactions and designercan experiment with different strategies quickly
Help in designing the buildings to conform with Building codes
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Application of BS Tools
Building heating/cooling load calculation (peakenergy Demand and its profile)
Building energy performance analysis,
Building energy management and control systemdesign,
Building regulations/codes/standards compliancechecking
Life Cycle Cost analysis
Quality Assurance (Commissioning)
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Available BS Tools
DOE-2 : Whole building analysis program Interface as eQuest, PowerDoe, VisualDoe, etc.
BLAST: building Load Analysis and System Thermodynamics.Uses heat balance method
EnergyPlus : Combination of DOE & Blast + additionalfeatures
Energy10 : For residential and small commercial buildingsI.e. buildings with one or two zones or small (
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BS Tools Contd.
TSBI3 : Easy to use flexible program developed byDanish Building Research Institute, Modular
ESP-r : Major European tool. Public domain
program, only Unix env., self learning modules COMBINE : Integrates more than 10 design tools
into an Intergraph based architectural CAD system
More information on these and other simulation
tools: www.eren.doe.gov/buildings/tools_directory/
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Specialized/Component Tools
To provide the detailed description of keycomponents such as
Detailed Frame calculations
Thermal bridges or 2-D heat transfer at window wallinterface
Air flows
Fenestration systems
The detailed results are more accurate and actas input to the whole building simulation model
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Specialized/Component Tools: Partial List
For daylighting Superlite, Radiance
For building envelopes:
THERM: Detailed 2D Analysis of heat transfer WINDOW/OPTICS: Fenestration heat transfer, solar heat
gain and solar-optical properties
For selecting energy efficient fenestration: RESFEN
For multi-zone airflow: COMIS
For moisture transport phenomenon : WUFI
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DOE 2 flow diagram
Loads
Output reports
HVAC ECON
Report processor(rep, hrp)
Simulation(doesim)
Building description
BDL Processor
(doebdl)
User Input
Weather
processor
Packed
weather
Keyword file
(BDLKEY.BIN)
Std Lib
(BDLLIB.DAT)
User lib
(USRLIB.DAT)
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DOE2: Input File Format
DOE2 uses BDL Language processor
KEYWORDS are used for the description
"Dirt" = MATERIAL
TYPE = PROPERTIES
THICKNESS = 2
CONDUCTIVITY = 0.5
DENSITY = 100
SPECIFIC-HEAT = 0.25
"Lay 8in CMU" = LAYERS
MATERIAL = ( "Dirt", "CMU HW 8in ConcFill (CB12)",
"Polystyrene 1.25in (IN34)", "GypBd 1/2in (GP01)" )..
"Cons 8in CMU" = CONSTRUCTION
TYPE = LAYERS
ABSORPTANCE = 0.65
ROUGHNESS = 2
LAYERS = "Lay 8in CMU"
"East Wall Z1" = EXTERIOR-WALL
CONSTRUCTION = "Cons 8in CMU"..
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DOE2 : GUIs
BDL file is difficult to create and users need toremember a number of related keywords
Graphical User Interfaces:
eQuest : Freeware and easy to use. PowerDoe :
Graphical presentation of both building description anddisplay of results
PowerDoe: Comprehensive GUI
VisualDoe : Rooms can be represented by block, ease
facades, design alternatives of drag drop, Customblock editor, custom
Other
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DOE with GUI: eQuest
Easy to use and free simple Graphical UserInterface for quick energy analysis
Only 31 sheets of details and can be mastered in
2-3 hours Default values and online help available
Uses DOE 2.2 as simulation engine
Wizard mode has no flexibility of changing databut user inputs can be provided in spreadsheetmode and/or by editing the default library
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eQuest: Wizard
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eQuest: Important Data
Building geometry : Footprint shape :Triangle, rectangle. L shape, T shape, + shape,
U shape, H shape (accordingly the length and width parameters)
Number of floors floor height
Zoning pattern: 1 per floor, Perimeter/core
Construction: walls/roof, floors/ceiling
Windows area, type, frame, overhangs/fins
Internal load Lighting, Occupancy, Equipment with schedules
Distribution by spaces
HVAC systems System description
Heating/cooling set points and Schedules
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eQuest: Spreadsheet view
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Q t 3D i
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eQuest: 3D view
Q EEM i d
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eQuest: EEM wizard
Q t R t
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eQuest: Reports
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Summary of eQuest
Advantages:
Easy to use interface
Detailed interface spreadsheet view : data can be changed butwizard mode can no more be utilized
Energy Efficiency Measure wizard
Can be used as a preliminary tool for a rough and quickestimation
Limitations: Can not accommodate building shape accurately (e.g. assumes
that all the floor plans are same). Only 3 floors :ground, middle
and top floor can be defined Only one wall type can be defined
Only 3 different type of windows and not flexible for window area
Materials can not be added in wizard mode
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DOE with GUI: PowerDOE
A window based user friendly and comprehensivegraphical user interface
DOE2.2 as simulation engine
Shapes & Geometry all opaque surfaces, floors and
spaces can be described as arbitrary polygons 3D view-any surface can be selected by just clicking on it
4 modules: Locate site, Describe building, Runcalculations and review results
Comprehensive online help - data entry field & screen
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Building description
Building View Floor view
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Locate site
S h f S
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Schematic view of Systems
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Review Results
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