Ms. Susan M. PojerMs. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Edited by Ms. StewardEdited by Ms. Steward

Gateway Middle SchoolGateway Middle School

Ms. Susan M. PojerMs. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Edited by Ms. StewardEdited by Ms. Steward

Gateway Middle SchoolGateway Middle School

““Peking Man”Peking Man” (750,000 – 500,000 BCE)(750,000 – 500,000 BCE)

““Peking Man”Peking Man” (750,000 – 500,000 BCE)(750,000 – 500,000 BCE)

SinanthropusSinanthropuspekinesispekinesis

The 4 Old-World The 4 Old-World River Valley River Valley

CulturesCultures

The 4 Old-World The 4 Old-World River Valley River Valley

CulturesCultures

Yellow River Yellow River CivilizationCivilization

Yellow River Yellow River CivilizationCivilization

Geographic Influences• Isolated

River valleys • 1. Yellow(Huang Ho) earliest

civilization - damaging floods • 2. Yangtze- very important in

unification- transportation- irrigation

Yu, the Great – Yu, the Great – Founder Founder

of of the Hsiathe Hsia

Yu, the Great – Yu, the Great – Founder Founder

of of the Hsiathe Hsia

HsiaHsiaHsiaHsiaOnly know about Only know about this dynasty because this dynasty because of legendof legend

Associated with Associated with invention of wheeled invention of wheeled vehicles, ships, vehicles, ships, armor, pottery, and armor, pottery, and silk making silk making

Hsia Plaque, Hsia Plaque, 1700 BCE1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque, Hsia Plaque, 1700 BCE1700 BCE

Bronze Age Bronze Age EmpiresEmpires

Bronze Age Bronze Age EmpiresEmpires

Shang: Shang: 1523-1028 1523-1028 BCEBCE

Shang: Shang: 1523-1028 1523-1028 BCEBCE

Distinct Characteristics• Raised silk worms; production of

silk• Bronze Age, daggers, sculptures,

jade • Ancestor worship• The family was most important; not

the government, not the self, not the religion

Oracle BonesOracle BonesOracle BonesOracle Bones

Society• Peasants support nobles,

officials, bureaucracy, etc.• Government centered in towns• Warrior elite; Poor live in

primitive conditions• Differences between rich and

poor–price of civilization ?

The Evolution of The Evolution of ChineseChinese

Writing during Writing during the Shangthe Shang

The Evolution of The Evolution of ChineseChinese

Writing during Writing during the Shangthe Shang

PictograpPictographshs

Semantic-Semantic-PhoneticsPhonetics

Axe Scepter – Axe Scepter – 1100 BCE1100 BCE - jade- jade

Axe Scepter – Axe Scepter – 1100 BCE1100 BCE - jade- jade

Ceremonial Dagger – Ceremonial Dagger – 1028 BCE1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger – Ceremonial Dagger – 1028 BCE1028 BCE

Shang Shang BronzesBronzesShang Shang

BronzesBronzes

Western Zhou:Western Zhou: 1027-771 BCE1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou:Western Zhou: 1027-771 BCE1027-771 BCE

Eastern Zhou:Eastern Zhou: 771-771-256 BCE256 BCE

Eastern Zhou:Eastern Zhou: 771-771-256 BCE256 BCE

Zhou/Chou Dynasty• Probable nomadic invaders ended

Shang dynasty• the Zhou dynasty

–1027 B.C.• replaced one ruling class with another

–“meet the new boss...same as the old boss.”

Zhou Characteristics

• Decentralized government

• Local nobility

• Long running problem

• 771 B.C. Chou driven east

Political Theory

• The mandate of Heaven

• Universal monarch

–favors consolidation

–xenophobic

• Emperor is the Son of Heaven

• Feudal monarchy

““T’ien Ming”T’ien Ming”““T’ien Ming”T’ien Ming”The Mandate of The Mandate of

HeavenHeavenThe Mandate of The Mandate of

HeavenHeaven

1.1.The leader must lead by ability The leader must lead by ability and and virtue. virtue.

2.2.The dynasty's leadership must The dynasty's leadership must be be justified by succeeding justified by succeeding generations.generations.

3.3.The mandate could be revoked The mandate could be revoked by by negligence and abuse; the will negligence and abuse; the will of of the people was important. the people was important.

Period of Warring States

• 771 B.C.

• Dozen-plus states

• Balance of power until 500’s

• Period of consolidation by warfare

–warfare chronic

Development of Intellectual Movement

• Response to crisis and uncertainty

• Confucianism– a sort of philosophy

• Taoism– a sort of religion

Ritual Food Vessel, Ritual Food Vessel, bronze bronze

11c BCE11c BCE (Western Zhou) (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel, Ritual Food Vessel, bronze bronze

11c BCE11c BCE (Western Zhou) (Western Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel – 4cRitual Wine Vessel – 4cbronze, silver, gold, bronze, silver, gold,

coppercopper

Ritual Wine Vessel – 4cRitual Wine Vessel – 4cbronze, silver, gold, bronze, silver, gold,

coppercopper

Zhou Coins - Zhou Coins - bronzebronze

Zhou Coins - Zhou Coins - bronzebronze

Imperial China’s Impact on History

• The Dynastic Cycle

• Secular Law

• Beginnings of political philosophy through which a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate

–Mandate of Heaven

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power.

A new dynasty

comes to power.

Lives of common people improved;

taxes reduced;farming encouraged.

Lives of common people improved;

taxes reduced;farming encouraged.

Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)

Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)

Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.

Farming neglected.

Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.

Farming neglected.

Govt. increasesspending; corruption.

Govt. increasesspending; corruption.

Droughts,floods,

famines occur.

Droughts,floods,

famines occur.

Poor looserespect for govt.They join rebels

& attack landlords.

Poor looserespect for govt.They join rebels

& attack landlords.

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites them.Attack the emperor.

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites them.Attack the emperor.

Emperor isdefeated !!

Emperor isdefeated !!

The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more

efficient.

The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more

efficient.

Start here

Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty 221-206 B.C.

• Established China’s first empire• Shi Huangdi (221-206 BC)• Legalist rule

–Bureaucratic administration–Centralized control–Military expansion–Built large section of the Great Wall

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Soldiers

& Cavalrymen

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Soldiers

& Cavalrymen

CavalryCavalry

Individual SoldiersIndividual Soldiers

The Details of an Individual SoldierThe Details of an Individual Soldier

The Great Wall with Towers

The Great Wall with Towers

Han dynasty• Ruled for 400 years

• New bureaucracy

• Emphasis on centralization

–weakening of the aristocracy

• Imperial expansion

Paper invented [105 B.C.E.] Silk Road trade develops; improves life for many, cities develops

Buddhism introduced into China

Expanded into Central Asia

Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.

-Advanced in science and literature

-Invented rudder, paper, magnetic compass, acupuncture

-Short period of Civil War- Sui Dynasty connected two rivers with canal- over extended

Han Dynasty 206BCE-220 CE (Roman Times)

Han – Roman Empire Connection

Han – Roman Empire Connection

Han ArtifactsHan Artifacts

Imperial SealImperial Seal

Han Ceramic HouseHan Ceramic House

Ceramics, Later Han Period

Ceramics, Later Han Period

Trade Routes of the Ancient World

Trade Routes of the Ancient World

The Grand CanalThe Grand Canal

The Grand Canal TodayThe Grand Canal Today

Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.

Imperial examination system perfected to recruit.

Liberal attitude towards all religions. Spread of Buddhism in China

Golden Age of foreign relations with other countries.

Japan, Korea, Persia

Tang Dynasty 618-907 CE Contributions

• Internal renewal(improved lives of people) and external expansion

• Set up university

• Tried to equalize land holdings- fought corruption

Tang Dynasty 618-907 CE Contributions

• Literature and art flourished

• Inventions- paper during Han- used for clothes and writing

• Invented printing, gun powder, encyclopedia

Song [Sung] Dynasty, 960-1279 A.D.

Song [Sung] Dynasty, 960-1279 A.D.

-Creation of an urban, merchant, middle class.-Increased emphasis on education & cheaper availability of printed books.

Magnetic compass makes China a great sea power!

Song Peasant FamilySong Peasant Family

Song(Sung) Dynasty 960-1279

• Moved the capitol east • Economic expansion- used paper money, • Used abacus • Silk Road traffic at height

–when dangerous went to sea routes– first period of great oceanic commerce– trades tea, silk and porcelain for exotic

woods and precious stones

Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song

Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song

Mongolian SteppesMongolian Steppes