Ancient China
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Transcript of Ancient China
Ms. Susan M. PojerMs. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Edited by Ms. StewardEdited by Ms. Steward
Gateway Middle SchoolGateway Middle School
Ms. Susan M. PojerMs. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Edited by Ms. StewardEdited by Ms. Steward
Gateway Middle SchoolGateway Middle School
““Peking Man”Peking Man” (750,000 – 500,000 BCE)(750,000 – 500,000 BCE)
““Peking Man”Peking Man” (750,000 – 500,000 BCE)(750,000 – 500,000 BCE)
SinanthropusSinanthropuspekinesispekinesis
The 4 Old-World The 4 Old-World River Valley River Valley
CulturesCultures
The 4 Old-World The 4 Old-World River Valley River Valley
CulturesCultures
Yellow River Yellow River CivilizationCivilization
Yellow River Yellow River CivilizationCivilization
Geographic Influences• Isolated
River valleys • 1. Yellow(Huang Ho) earliest
civilization - damaging floods • 2. Yangtze- very important in
unification- transportation- irrigation
Yu, the Great – Yu, the Great – Founder Founder
of of the Hsiathe Hsia
Yu, the Great – Yu, the Great – Founder Founder
of of the Hsiathe Hsia
HsiaHsiaHsiaHsiaOnly know about Only know about this dynasty because this dynasty because of legendof legend
Associated with Associated with invention of wheeled invention of wheeled vehicles, ships, vehicles, ships, armor, pottery, and armor, pottery, and silk making silk making
Hsia Plaque, Hsia Plaque, 1700 BCE1700 BCE
Hsia Plaque, Hsia Plaque, 1700 BCE1700 BCE
Bronze Age Bronze Age EmpiresEmpires
Bronze Age Bronze Age EmpiresEmpires
Shang: Shang: 1523-1028 1523-1028 BCEBCE
Shang: Shang: 1523-1028 1523-1028 BCEBCE
Distinct Characteristics• Raised silk worms; production of
silk• Bronze Age, daggers, sculptures,
jade • Ancestor worship• The family was most important; not
the government, not the self, not the religion
Oracle BonesOracle BonesOracle BonesOracle Bones
Society• Peasants support nobles,
officials, bureaucracy, etc.• Government centered in towns• Warrior elite; Poor live in
primitive conditions• Differences between rich and
poor–price of civilization ?
The Evolution of The Evolution of ChineseChinese
Writing during Writing during the Shangthe Shang
The Evolution of The Evolution of ChineseChinese
Writing during Writing during the Shangthe Shang
PictograpPictographshs
Semantic-Semantic-PhoneticsPhonetics
Axe Scepter – Axe Scepter – 1100 BCE1100 BCE - jade- jade
Axe Scepter – Axe Scepter – 1100 BCE1100 BCE - jade- jade
Ceremonial Dagger – Ceremonial Dagger – 1028 BCE1028 BCE
Ceremonial Dagger – Ceremonial Dagger – 1028 BCE1028 BCE
Shang Shang BronzesBronzesShang Shang
BronzesBronzes
Western Zhou:Western Zhou: 1027-771 BCE1027-771 BCE
Western Zhou:Western Zhou: 1027-771 BCE1027-771 BCE
Eastern Zhou:Eastern Zhou: 771-771-256 BCE256 BCE
Eastern Zhou:Eastern Zhou: 771-771-256 BCE256 BCE
Zhou/Chou Dynasty• Probable nomadic invaders ended
Shang dynasty• the Zhou dynasty
–1027 B.C.• replaced one ruling class with another
–“meet the new boss...same as the old boss.”
Zhou Characteristics
• Decentralized government
• Local nobility
• Long running problem
• 771 B.C. Chou driven east
Political Theory
• The mandate of Heaven
• Universal monarch
–favors consolidation
–xenophobic
• Emperor is the Son of Heaven
• Feudal monarchy
““T’ien Ming”T’ien Ming”““T’ien Ming”T’ien Ming”The Mandate of The Mandate of
HeavenHeavenThe Mandate of The Mandate of
HeavenHeaven
1.1.The leader must lead by ability The leader must lead by ability and and virtue. virtue.
2.2.The dynasty's leadership must The dynasty's leadership must be be justified by succeeding justified by succeeding generations.generations.
3.3.The mandate could be revoked The mandate could be revoked by by negligence and abuse; the will negligence and abuse; the will of of the people was important. the people was important.
Period of Warring States
• 771 B.C.
• Dozen-plus states
• Balance of power until 500’s
• Period of consolidation by warfare
–warfare chronic
Development of Intellectual Movement
• Response to crisis and uncertainty
• Confucianism– a sort of philosophy
• Taoism– a sort of religion
Ritual Food Vessel, Ritual Food Vessel, bronze bronze
11c BCE11c BCE (Western Zhou) (Western Zhou)
Ritual Food Vessel, Ritual Food Vessel, bronze bronze
11c BCE11c BCE (Western Zhou) (Western Zhou)
Ritual Wine Vessel – 4cRitual Wine Vessel – 4cbronze, silver, gold, bronze, silver, gold,
coppercopper
Ritual Wine Vessel – 4cRitual Wine Vessel – 4cbronze, silver, gold, bronze, silver, gold,
coppercopper
Zhou Coins - Zhou Coins - bronzebronze
Zhou Coins - Zhou Coins - bronzebronze
Imperial China’s Impact on History
• The Dynastic Cycle
• Secular Law
• Beginnings of political philosophy through which a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate
–Mandate of Heaven
TheDynastic
Cycle
TheDynastic
Cycle
A new dynasty
comes to power.
A new dynasty
comes to power.
Lives of common people improved;
taxes reduced;farming encouraged.
Lives of common people improved;
taxes reduced;farming encouraged.
Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)
Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)
Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.
Farming neglected.
Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.
Farming neglected.
Govt. increasesspending; corruption.
Govt. increasesspending; corruption.
Droughts,floods,
famines occur.
Droughts,floods,
famines occur.
Poor looserespect for govt.They join rebels
& attack landlords.
Poor looserespect for govt.They join rebels
& attack landlords.
Rebel bands findstrong leader who
unites them.Attack the emperor.
Rebel bands findstrong leader who
unites them.Attack the emperor.
Emperor isdefeated !!
Emperor isdefeated !!
The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more
efficient.
The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more
efficient.
Start here
Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty 221-206 B.C.
• Established China’s first empire• Shi Huangdi (221-206 BC)• Legalist rule
–Bureaucratic administration–Centralized control–Military expansion–Built large section of the Great Wall
Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army
Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army
Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army
Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army
Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Soldiers
& Cavalrymen
Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Soldiers
& Cavalrymen
CavalryCavalry
Individual SoldiersIndividual Soldiers
The Details of an Individual SoldierThe Details of an Individual Soldier
The Great Wall with Towers
The Great Wall with Towers
Han dynasty• Ruled for 400 years
• New bureaucracy
• Emphasis on centralization
–weakening of the aristocracy
• Imperial expansion
Paper invented [105 B.C.E.] Silk Road trade develops; improves life for many, cities develops
Buddhism introduced into China
Expanded into Central Asia
Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.
-Advanced in science and literature
-Invented rudder, paper, magnetic compass, acupuncture
-Short period of Civil War- Sui Dynasty connected two rivers with canal- over extended
Han Dynasty 206BCE-220 CE (Roman Times)
Han – Roman Empire Connection
Han – Roman Empire Connection
Han ArtifactsHan Artifacts
Imperial SealImperial Seal
Han Ceramic HouseHan Ceramic House
Ceramics, Later Han Period
Ceramics, Later Han Period
Trade Routes of the Ancient World
Trade Routes of the Ancient World
The Grand CanalThe Grand Canal
The Grand Canal TodayThe Grand Canal Today
Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.
Imperial examination system perfected to recruit.
Liberal attitude towards all religions. Spread of Buddhism in China
Golden Age of foreign relations with other countries.
Japan, Korea, Persia
Tang Dynasty 618-907 CE Contributions
• Internal renewal(improved lives of people) and external expansion
• Set up university
• Tried to equalize land holdings- fought corruption
Tang Dynasty 618-907 CE Contributions
• Literature and art flourished
• Inventions- paper during Han- used for clothes and writing
• Invented printing, gun powder, encyclopedia
Song [Sung] Dynasty, 960-1279 A.D.
Song [Sung] Dynasty, 960-1279 A.D.
-Creation of an urban, merchant, middle class.-Increased emphasis on education & cheaper availability of printed books.
Magnetic compass makes China a great sea power!
Song Peasant FamilySong Peasant Family
Song(Sung) Dynasty 960-1279
• Moved the capitol east • Economic expansion- used paper money, • Used abacus • Silk Road traffic at height
–when dangerous went to sea routes– first period of great oceanic commerce– trades tea, silk and porcelain for exotic
woods and precious stones
Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song
Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song
Mongolian SteppesMongolian Steppes