Yoga and Its Benefits

8/14/2019 Yoga and Its Benefits

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2.2 Six Branches of Yoga: -

1) Hatha Yoga or Yoga of Postures- Hatha Yoga is perhaps the path of Yoga you are most

familiar with since this is the most popular branch of Yoga in the West. This branch of

Yoga uses physical poses or Asana, Breathing Techniques or Pranayama, and Meditation to

achieve better health, as well as spirituality. There are many styles within this path -

Iyengar, Integral, Astanga, Kripalu, and Jiva Mukti to name a few.

2) Bhakti Yoga or Yoga of Devotion- Bhakti Yoga is the path most followed in India. This

is the path of the heart and devotion. Yogis who practice this branch sees the "One" or the

Divine in everyone and everything. Bhakti Yoga teaches a person to have devotion to the

"One" or to Brahma by developing a person's love and acceptance for all things.

3) Raja Yoga or Yoga of Self-Control- Raja means "royal". This path is considered to be

the King of Yoga and this may be due to the fact that most of its practitioners are members

of religious and spiritual orders. Raja Yoga is based on the teachings of the Eight Limbs of

Yoga found in the Yoga sutras.

4) Jnana Yoga or Yoga of the Mind- Jnana Yoga is the path of Yoga that basically deals

with the mind, and as such, it focuses on man's intelligence. Jnana Yogis consider wisdom

and intellect as important and they aim to unify the two to surpass limitations. Since they

wish to gain knowledge, they are open to other philosophies and religion for they believe

that an open and rational mind is crucial in knowing the spirit.

5) Karma Yoga or Yoga of Service- Karma Yoga is the path of service for in this path, it is

believed that your present situation is based on your past actions. So by doing selfless

service now, you are choosing a future that is free from negativity and selfishness. Karma

Yogis change their attitude towards the good and in the process, change their souls, which

leads to a change in their destiny.

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2.3 Yoga Benefits

The most important benefit ofyoga is physical and mental therapy. The aging process,

which is largely an artificial condition, caused mainly by autointoxication or self-poisoning,

can be slowed down by practicing yoga. By keeping the body clean, flexible and well

lubricated, we can significantly reduce the catabolic process of cell deterioration. To get the

maximum benefits ofyoga one has to combine the practices ofyogasanas, pranayama and

meditation.

Regular practice of asanas, pranayama and meditation can help such diverse ailments such

as diabetes, blood pressure, digestive disorders, arthritis, arteriosclerosis, chronic fatigue,

asthma, varicose veins and heart conditions. Laboratory tests have proved the yogi`s

increased abilities of consciously controlling autonomic or involuntary functions, such as

temperature, heartbeat and blood pressure. Research into the effects of yogic practices on

HIV is currently underway with promising results.

According to medical scientists, yoga therapy is successful because of the balance created

in the nervous and endocrine systems which directly influences all the other systems and

organs of the body. Yoga acts both as a curative and preventive therapy. The very essence

ofyoga lies in attaining mentalpeace, improved concentration powers, a relaxed state of

living and harmony in relationships.

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Through the practice ofyoga, we become aware of the interconnectedness between our

emotional, mental and physical levels. Gradually this awareness leads to an understanding

of the more subtle areas of existence. The ultimate goal ofyoga is to make it possible for

you to be able to fuse together the gross material (annamaya), physical (pranamaya), mental

(manomaya), intellectual (vijnanamaya) and spiritual (anandamaya) levels within your

being.

2.4 ASANAS

'Asanas' in Sanskrit means posture. There are around 84 asanas - each one has a special

name, special form and a distinct way of performing. Asanas are designed to promote, a

state of mental and physical well-being or good health. This may be defined as the

condition that is experienced when all the organs function effectively under the intelligent

control of the mind. Asanas have an extraordinary capacity to overhaul, rejuvenate and

bring the entire system into a state of balance.

2.5 Types of Asanas-

1) Surya Namaskar- "Surya" in Sanskrit means "The Sun God" and "Namaskar" means

"connoting obeisance". Surya Namaskar or the sun salutation hence literally means

"saluting to the sun". Surya Namaskar is a series of 12 yoga postures performed in a single

flow. Each movement is co-ordinated with the pranayamas or breathing technique

inhaling while extending or stretching, and exhaling while folding or contracting.

Sequence:

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i) Stand straight as in Tad asana or the mountain pose. Keep you feet together and palms

placed in front of your chest in prayer position. Take several deep breaths.

ii) Inhale and raise your arms up above your head. Gently arch back or bend your head and

upper trunk backwards as far as possible.

iii) Exhale and bend forward. Touch the floor with your fingers and place your hands

besides your feet. Try touching the knees with your forehead and if necessary, bend your

knees.

iv) Inhale and stretch the right leg back as far as possible, hence adopting a partial sitting

position. Bend the left leg, keeping your arms straight. Lift your head slightly in the

backward direction.

v) Exhale and bring your left leg behind, keeping it aligned with the right leg. Raise your

body up from the hips and keep you spine and legs straight. Palm should be firmly placed

on the ground. Look down in between the hands. Inhale.

vi) While exhaling, lower your body so that the toes, knees, chest, hands and forehead

touch the floor. But keep you abdomen slightly raised from the ground.

vii) Inhale and stretch forward. Raise your body from the waist. Legs should be straight and

palms under the shoulder by bending the arms from the elbow.

2) Akarshana Dhanurasana- "This posture is known as "Akarshana Dhanurasana"

because while practicing it, the heels and hips are raised.

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Sequence:

i) Sit erect.

ii) Stretch out the legs and keep them close together.

iii) Place the palms on the floor at the sides.

iv) Bend the right leg at the knee and crossing the left leg, place the right heel on the

ground beside the left ankle.

v) Grasp the right big toe with the thumb, index and middle fingers of the left hand and the

left big toe with the right thumb, index and middle fingers.

vi) Inhaling and keeping the head erect, pull up the right foot till the right knee comes near

the right armpit and the right big toe touches the left ear. While doing this, the right hand

should pull the big toe of the left leg. While pulling the toes, fix your gaze on the big toe of

the stretched left leg.

vii) Exhaling, bring back the right foot to the floor on the left side of the outstretched left

leg. Release the hands and stretch the legs straight again side by side.

viii) Practice reversing the position of the legs.

3) Samasana- In Sanskrit "sama" means "equilibrium". In this asana the external organs of

the body are kept in such a way that they stand divided into two, hence the name Samasana.

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Sequence:

i) Sit with both legs together and stretched, toes erect spine erect and both hands straight

and palms resting on the floor.

ii) Spread both the legs and keep them at a distance of 1 to 1.5 feet.

iii) Fold left leg and place its sole touching inner side of the right thigh.

iv) Fold right leg and place its foot in between the thigh and the calf of the leg.

v) Keep the wrists of both the hands on the respective knees and take Gyana Mudra.

vi) Continue normal breathing.

vii) While releasing from the pose, gradually bring the hands beside the waist.

viii) Straighten the right leg.

ix) Straighten the left leg.

x) Get both the legs together, return to the sitting posture.

4) Sukhasana- 'Bhadra' means 'beneficial' in Sanskrit.

Sequence:

i) Sit erect in Sukhasana.

ii) Stretch the legs forward and keep them together.

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iii) Pull the legs inward and bring the feet towards the body, bending the knees outward.

iv) Join the soles and keep the heels and toes together.

v) Form a finger lock and clasp your fingers around the toes and the forepart of the feet.

vi) Keep the trunk and head erect.

vii) Bending your elbows outward, draw in the feet little by little until the heels are in front

of the genitals. While doing this, widen the thighs and allow the knees to bend gently

downward.

viii) Lower the knees gently until they touch the floor.

ix) Draw in the heels further and fix them on either side of the perineum.

x) Sit erect.

xi) Release the finger lock, stretch forward the legs and resume the starting position.

5) Bhujangasana Bhujanga means cobra in Sanskrit. This asana is called

Bhujangasana as the raised trunk, neck and head while practicing it resemble a cobra

rearing its hood and about to strike, while the joined and stretched legs resemble its tail.

Sequence:

i) Lie flat on your abdomen at full length.

ii) Stretch your arms on the sides with the palms turned upwards.

iii) Rest the forehead and nose on the ground.

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iv) Keep your legs and feet together and the whole body straight. Soles must be turned

upwards.

v) Relax the whole body.

vi) Place the palms flat on the floor exactly beneath the corresponding shoulders with

fingers close together.

vii) Keep the elbows close to the sides.

viii) Place the chin on the ground.

ix) Slowly bend the neck and head backward as far as possible, keeping the chest close to

the ground.

x) Supporting yourself lightly on the hands and forearms and inhaling, raise slowly your

head, shoulders, chest and the upper abdomen (up to the navel) above the ground in a

smooth backward movement, tensing the muscles of the back and the nape of the neck.

xi) Bend the head and neck as far back as possible.

xii) Arch the back and bend the whole spine further back as far as you can, putting very

little pressure on the hands.

xiii) Gaze upwards.

xiv) Maintain this position comfortably, holding your breath.

xv) Exhaling, return slowly to the starting position in the reverse order.

6)Naukasana- "Nauka" means "boat" in Sanskrit. The final position of this asana

resembles a boat. Hence the name Naukasana.

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Sequence:

i) Lie straight on your abdomen and chest with your forehead resting on the floor.

ii) Keep the feet together and the arms on the sides.

iii) Stretch out the arms on both sides of the head and keep them parallel.

iv) Turn down the palms on the floor with fingers close together.

v) Keep your forehead on the floor between the upper arms.

vi) Inhaling, raise the arms, head, neck, shoulders, trunk and legs all together slowly and

simultaneously as high as possible without bending the knees and elbows and without any

jerk.

vii) While doing this, keep the upper arms touching the ears and the feet together.

viii) Bring the head up as high as possible and keep it between the raised upper arms.

ix) Bend the extremities as far back as possible, and the back should be well arched.

x) The whole body should be curved from the fingertips to the toes, both of which should

be on the same level.

xi) Balance the entire weight of the body on the lower part of the abdomen which alone

should touch the ground.

xii) Maintain the posture motionlessly, as long as you can comfortably hold your breath.

xiii) Exhaling return slowly to the starting position.

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xiv) Relax completely in Savasana.

7) Tadaasana- Tada" in Sanskrit means "mountain". Hence, this pose is also known as

the Mountain Pose. Although it is the starting position for several standing poses, it is

practiced separately as well. It is a balancing act where your feet are together and hands at

the sides of the body.

Sequence:

i) Stand in an erect position.

ii) Bring your legs together and place your hands by the side of your thighs.

iii) Look straight ahead.

iv) Slowly raise your hands straight in front, up to the arms with the palms facing each other.

v) Again raise your hands this time towards the sky with the fingers pointing upward.

vi) Slowly raise your heels and try standing on your toes. You should raise your heel as

much as you can and also stretch your body as much possible.

vii) Now return to the original position with your heels going back on the ground first.

viii) Slowly bring down your hands.

2.6 Pranayama: The Breathing Exercises of Yoga

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Pranayama, as traditionally conceived, involves much more than merely

breathing for relaxation. Pranayama is a term with a wide range of meanings. Patanjali

defines pranayama as "the regulation of the incoming and outgoing flow of breath with

retention." It is to be practiced only after perfection in asana is attained. Pranayama also

denotes cosmic power, or the power of the entire universe which manifests itself as

conscious living being in us through the phenomenon of breathing.

The word pranayama consists of two parts: prana and ayama. Ayama means

stretch, extension, expansion, length, breadth, regulation, prolongation, restraint and control

and describes the action of pranayama. Prana is energy, when the self-energizing force

embraces the body. When this self-energizing force embraces the body with extension,

expansion and control, it is pranayama.

2.7 Types of Pranayama-

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The different types of Pranayama are the Bhastrika Pranayam, Anuloma / Viloma,

Kapalbhati, Bhramri, Sitlee, Sitkari, Ujjayi, Vedhene Bandh. The main Pranayama is the

Bhastrika Pranayama.

1. Bhastrika Pranayama- The word Bhastrika is a Sanskrit word which means leather

bellow, which was used in the olden times to blow furnaces, where air is forcibly drawn in

and out. This pranayama increases the fire in the body. In this type of pranayama, the

diaphragm movement is used for the internal fire creating physical, Pranic and psychic

heat. Bhastrika constitutes as a very powerful pranayam. Basically, a combination of

Kapalbhati and Ujjaye Pranayam makes one Bhastrika. One who starts practice of

Kapalbhati or Ujjaye finds it very easy to do the Bhastrika.

2. Ujjayi Breath- The Ujjayi technique is a very soothing technique which can be applied to

sectional breathing or used while holding Yoga postures. This type of breathing helps to

increase the lung capacity (and more oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream), energy

levels, and also achieves a state of calmness and mental clarity. In this technique, partially

close the back of your throat, which cover the windpipe, so that as you inhale and exhale

through your nose, the air passes through a narrower air passage in your throat, creating the

sound made by your breathing while you are in a state of deep sleep. This sound can be

likened to the whispering of the letters hhhhh expressed on inhalation and exhalation.

3. Bhramri- Bhramri is known as the bee breath. Bhramri helps to clear and strengthen the

respiratory system and improve vocal resonance. It has a calming effect on the body that

uplifts the spirit, and clears and invigorates the mind. In this pranayama, keep your lips

gently closed throughout, inhale deeply, then hum as you exhale, extending the exhalation

as long as possible. Use your abdominal muscles to control the evenness of your breath on

exhalation. Repeat this once more. If you wish to stimulate your lung cells to further

invigorate the vocal resonance and your body, tap your chest with your fists or fingertips as

you hum on the out breath

4. Sitali and Sitkari- Sitali and Sitkari are the two breathing techniques which have a

cooling effect on the body. This technique is very useful during the hot months of the year.

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They also calm the nervous system. Sitali, particularly, can alleviate nausea and the

symptoms of asthma.

5. Anuloma Viloma- Anuloma means with the natural order and Viloma means going

against the order. This technique helps to balance and harmonize the functioning of the

right and left hemispheres of the brain. It has a soothing effect on the nervous system and

calms the mind. Because exhalations are longer than inhalation, it encourages the removal

of state air and toxins.

--ooo--

MANAGEMENT GAMES

3.1 Introduction15


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Management games are conducted at B Schools & played by B school students. They

aim at improving their managerial skills & traits. Starting from games for communication

& personality development till strategy formulation level. As games are interesting, every

student voluntarily participates in management games. Hence, in addition to regular

Teaching methods, faculty members should introduce games for increasing participation.

The trainers (faculty) can use of management games books or design their own games.

While designing such games participants (students) profile should be taken into

consideration

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3.2 Steps to Conduct Management Games:-

Step I: Identification of Training Needs

The students training need can be identified based on a discussion with students or with the

help of a survey among students.

Step II: Designing the Package for the Game

Based on training needs identified, a faculty can prepare modules for conducting

management game. As equipments or toys like ball, balloon etc are used some times, the

faculty can also collect those equipments required.

Step III: Arranging the Program

As suitable atmosphere without disturbances has to prevail, the faculty can arrange for a

suitable venue for conducting management game program. The venue has to be fixed

according to number and nature of students. The ideal number required for conducting

management game is between 20 and 30 members at a time. The participants are restricted

with minimum numbers as faculty can have 100 percent interaction. As students have to be

exposed to a different environment during the management games program, institutes can

opt for any other place, other than regular lecture halls (class rooms). The faculty has to

ensure proper audio-visual aids for the program.

Step IV: Conducting Management Game Program

The reference material if any required has to be given to students in advance before starting

program. During beginning of program, students can be grouped based on some icebreaker

exercises. Mostly heterogeneous groups have to be formed so that each of the members cancontribute. After formation of groups if needed, students can be revealed about objective of

program and then game can get started. The students have to be given full liberty while

they participate in the management game program. The faculty should not criticize the

student, rather has to appreciate students during their participation.

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Step V: Facilitating the Discussion

As management games are not just meant for entertainment, a discussion has to take place

during program. The faculty has to take initiative for the discussion and stress on the

knowledge acquisition and behavior modification of students based on management game

being conducted.

Step VI: Follow-up

The faculty has to monitor students' performance after program is over. The behavior

modification and skill up gradation of student has to be identified.

3.3 Games:-

1) Stock Market Game-

The faculty artificially allocates an amount of Rs.10,00,000/- for each of the students.

Every student is asked to invest in shares according to their own preference for the amount

being allocated. Even the students can keep some amount as cash reserves for their future

purchases. After few minutes the faculty can announce information pertaining to a

company or industry or economy or any other factor affecting stock market. Now, the

students can start purchasing and selling the shares with others based on the information.

The faculty can continue with such announcements at periodic intervals. After an hour, the

faculty has to calculate the worth of shares and amount with each of the participants. Based

on the students' performance the faculty can facilitate further discussion for knowledge

acquisition part.

2) Prisoners' Dilemma-

This is a classic trust game for teams. It is based on the "Prisoners' Dilemma" in which two

criminals who are arrested after a crime are immediately separated into two police cells.

The police know that they committed the crime but have no evidence. Each prisoner is

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approached individually and told that if they confess and implicate the other person, they

will get a significantly reduced sentence.

The dilemma for each prisoner is as follows: -

If I confess, I get a reduced sentence and my colleague gets a full sentence.

If I trust her/him not to confess and keep quiet, but s/he confesses, I get the full sentence. If

I trust her/him not to confess and keep quiet, and s/he does the same, we can both walk

free. Of course, if we both confess, we both get the full sentence!

Unfortunately, we cannot communicate now we are in the cells and I do not know whether

he will honor any agreement we made before we were arrested.

The rules of the game are designed to reflect this dilemma with appropriate win/win,

win/lose and lose/lose scoring.

3) Hollow Square-

This game can be used to help teams understand the impact of communication between

those who develop plans and those who have to implement them. It also highlights helpful

and not so helpful behaviors when planning, assigning or completing tasks. Teams that

regularly work on problem solving will find the game useful for alerting them to factors

that encourage or restrict effectiveness. It can be played at several levels of complexity.

The Game- You divide your group into a Planning Team and an Operations Team. The

Planning Team has 20 mins to prepare a briefing that will enable the Operations Team to

carry out a specific task the building of a hollow square. The Operations Team then have

to carry out the task working from the briefing they have received without any further input

from Planning. At the end of a time limit both teams review the performance against the

task, quality of briefings, assignments and instructions plus the wider implications for their

work situation.

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In the more complex version teams can be chosen to reflect their real work roles or their

level of attention to detail! A longer version can be played with Planning allowed to

intervene halfway through the process.

Typically, the game promotes an active discussion about behaviors, assumptions made by

both teams, quality of delegation and actions to improve communication.

4) Viking Attack A team building game

Each team is given a set of 33 information cards (most of them relevant, some 'red

herrings'), distributed at random between the team members. The teams are then asked to

work against the clock to discover when and where a fictitious Viking Attack took place. In

order to simulate the need for complementarities and interdependence in successful teams,

members must not show their cards to each other only read them.

Although it seems a simple problem to solve, the team must elect a leader, set an objective,

organize and delegate the processing of information and listen to each other, if they want to

come close to the present world record of 8 minutes 56 seconds for finding the three-part

solution. This was set, perhaps unsurprisingly, by a group of Scandinavian/British Midland

airline pilots! However, groups of bankers, company directors and engineers have all

succeeded within 15 minutes.

5) Forest Fire A consensus seeking game

Your group is a helicopter rescue team, responsible for organizing air/land rescues over a

specified geographical area. A forest fire of unprecedented violence has broken out in an

uninhabited region of thickly wooded foothills in the south west of your area. The only

buildings in this vast area are five isolated wooden chalets which were built during the last

war as look-out posts. They are now used exclusively as base camps for volunteers from all

over the world who have been hired by the International Parks Commission to spend some

of their free time surveying and evaluating the terrain for use as a World Recreation Centre.

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Each chalet has a radio link with your rescue centre. Your team has already assigned four

of the tiny rescue helicopters to evacuate chalet numbers 1-4 and they cannot be re-

diverted. Using the one remaining rescue helicopter at your disposal, the team's task is to

evacuate the people in chalet no. 5.

However, your helicopter can only rescue one person at a time and it is unlikely that all 10

volunteers can be rescued from the chalet. In fact, the pilot says he may only be able to get

three or four people safely evacuated before the fire reaches the chalet.

Your team must decide the sequence in which the people in the chalet should be rescued.

This is an agonizing decision since only those near the top of the list will stand a realistic

chance of being rescued. The only information available on each volunteer is on his/her

resume card that comes from the IPC confidential personnel files.

Team members may use any criteria they wish in making their personal rescue sequence.

The group must then discuss the problem and reach a consensus on the ranking.

3.4 Benefits of conducting Management Games:-

i. Ensures 100 percent interaction as every student find it

interesting and encouraging.

ii. Knowledge acquisition & skill up gradation of students take place easily & effectively as

100 percent involvement is there from students' side.

iii. Level of confidence among students gets improved, as students participate in

management games voluntarily.

iv. Communication & interpersonal skill of student consistently gets developed, as

management games are highly interactive.

3.5 Conclusion

Thus, management games act as refreshments for the students. They are found to be

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entertaining, interesting and informative. They pave way for knowledge acquisition and

skill up gradation. If the University and B school faculties introduce management games

as one of their teaching methodology, the students' knowledge and skill gets improved.

--00--

Emotional Intelligence ( EI )

4.1 Introduction: -

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Emotions play a vital role in many aspects of leadership. They are the pathway to more

effective decision-making, stronger interpersonal relationships, resilience in the face of

stress, as well as enhanced creativity.

Emotional intelligence (EQ) is a concept that captures a broad collection of individual skills

and dispositions, most often referred to as soft skills or inter and intra-personal skills, that

are outside the traditional areas of specific knowledge, general intelligence, or technical

and professional skills.

Emotional intelligence has been associated with transformational leadership capabilities

such as inspiration, motivation, and vision. According to a number of researches, the

persons success at work is 80% dependent on emotional intelligence.

Emotional intelligence is all about understanding yourself and how other people react to

you, and then using this knowledge to your advantage and better foster relationships. The

foundation of emotional intelligence is self-awareness: the knowledge of yourself helps you

understand how other people see you.

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Emotional intelligence is a powerful tool which helps a person build relationships, using

the knowledge of different behavior types, enhance communication skills, and promote

leadership capabilities. Emotional Intelligence (EI) describes the ability, capacity,skillor,

in the case of the trait EI model, a self-perceived ability, to identify, assess, and manage the

emotions of one's self, of others, and ofgroups. Emotional intelligence is the innate

potential to feel, use, communicate, recognize, remember, describe, identify, learn from,

manage, understand and explain emotions.

4.2 There are three main models of Emotional Intelligence (EI):

1) Ability EI models

2) Mixed models of EI

3) Trait EI model

1) The ability-based model-

The ability based model views emotions as useful sources of information that help one to

make sense of and navigate the social environment. The model proposes that individuals

vary in their ability to process information of an emotional nature and in their ability torelate emotional processing to a widercognition. This ability is seen to manifest itself in

certain adaptive behaviors. The model claims that EI includes 4 types of abilities:

i) Perceiving emotions the ability to detect and decipher emotions in faces, pictures,

voices, and cultural artifacts- including the ability to identify ones own emotions.

Perceiving emotions represents a basic aspect of emotional intelligence, as it makes all

other processing of emotional information possible.

ii) Using emotions the ability to harness emotions to facilitate various cognitive

activities, such as thinking and problem solving. The emotionally intelligent person can

capitalize fully upon his or her changing moods in order to best fit the task at hand.

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iii) Understanding emotions the ability to comprehend emotion language and to

appreciate complicated relationships among emotions. For example, understanding

emotions encompasses the ability to be sensitive to slight variations between emotions, and

the ability to recognize and describe how emotions evolve over time.

iv) Managing emotions the ability to regulate emotions in both ourselves and in others.

Therefore, the emotionally intelligent person can harness emotions, even negative ones, and

manage them to achieve intended goals.

2) Mixed models of EI-

a) The Emotional Competencies (Goleman) model: The model introduced by Daniel

Goleman focuses on EI as a wide array of competencies and skills that drive leadership

performance. Goleman's model outlines four main EI constructs:

i) Self-awareness the ability to read one's emotions and recognize their impact while

using gut feelings to guide decisions.

ii) Self-management involves controlling one's emotions and impulses and adapting to

changing circumstances.

iii) Social awareness the ability to sense, understand, and react to others' emotions while

comprehending social networks.

iv) Relationship management the ability to inspire, influence, and develop others while

managing conflict.

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Goleman includes a set ofemotional competencies within each construct

of EI. Emotional competencies are not innate talents, but rather learned capabilities that

must be worked on and can be developed to achieve outstanding performance. Goleman

posits that individuals are born with a general emotional intelligence that determines their

potential for learning emotional competencies. Goleman's model of EI has been criticized

in the research literature as mere "pop psychology" (Mayer, Roberts, & Barsade, 2008).

b) Measurement of the Emotional Competencies (Goleman) model

Two measurement tools are based on the Goleman model:

i) The Emotional Competency Inventory (ECI), which was created in 1999 and the

Emotional and Social Competency Inventory (ESCI), which was created in 2007.

ii) The Emotional Intelligence Appraisal, which was created in 2001 and which can be

taken as a self-report or 360-degree assessment

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iii) The Bar-On model of Emotional-Social Intelligence (ESI)- Bar-On defines emotional

intelligence as being concerned with effectively understanding oneself and others, relating

well to people, and adapting to and coping with the immediate surroundings to be more

successful in dealing with environmental demands. Bar-On posits that EI develops over

time and that it can be improved through training, programming, and therapy. Bar-On

hypothesizes that those individuals with higher than average E.Qs are in general more

successful in meeting environmental demands and pressures.

He also notes that a deficiency in EI can mean a lack of success and the existence of

emotional problems. Problems in coping with ones environment are thought, by Bar-On, to

be especially common among those individuals lacking in the subscales of reality testing,

problem solving, stress tolerance, and impulse control. In general, Bar-On considers

emotional intelligence and cognitive intelligence to contribute equally to a persons general

intelligence, which then offers an indication of ones potential to succeed in life.However,

doubts have been expressed about this model in the research literature (in particular about

the validity of self-report as an index of emotional intelligence) and in scientific settings, it

is being replaced by the trait EI model discussed below

3) The Trait EI model-

Trait EI is "a constellation of emotion-related self-perceptions located at the lower levels of

personality". In lay terms, trait EI refers to an individual's self-perceptions of their

emotional abilities. This definition of EI encompasses behavioral dispositions and self

perceived abilities and is measured by self report, as opposed to the ability based model

which refers to actual abilities, which have proven highly resistant to scientificmeasurement. Trait EI should be investigated within apersonality framework. An

alternative label for the same construct is trait emotional self-efficacy.

The trait EI model is general and subsumes the Goleman and Bar-On models discussed

above. The conceptualization of EI as a personality trait leads to a construct that lies

outside the taxonomy of human cognitive ability. This is an important distinction in as

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o Transparency: Displaying honesty and integrity; trustworthiness.

o Adaptability: Flexibility in adapting to changing situations or overcoming obstacles.

o Achievement: The drive to improve performance to meet inner standards of excellence.

o Initiative: Readiness to act and seize opportunities.

o Optimism: Seeing the upside in events.

c) Social Awareness-

o Empathy: Sensing others emotions, understanding their perspective, and taking active

interest in their concerns.

o Organizational Awareness: Reading the currents, decision networks, and politics at an

organizational level.

o Service: Recognizing and meeting follower, client or customer needs.

d) Relationship Management-

o Inspirational Leadership: Guiding and motivating with a compelling vision.

o Influence: Wielding a range of tactics for persuasion.

o Developing Others: Bolstering others abilities through feedback and guidance.

o Change Catalyst: Initiating, managing, and leading in a new direction.

o Conflict Management: Resolving disagreements.

o Teamwork and Collaboration: Cooperation and team building

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Emotional Intelligence embraces and draws from numerous other branches of

behavioral, emotional and communications theories. By developing our Emotional

Intelligence in these areas and the five EQ domains we can become more productive and

successful at what we do, and help others to be more productive and successful too.

The process and outcomes of Emotional Intelligence development also contain many

elements known to reduce stress for individuals and organizations, by decreasing conflict,

improving relationships and understanding, and increasing stability, continuity and

harmony.

4.4 Importance of Emotional Intelligence

Studies have shown that managers and employees with high emotional intelligence (EI) are

more successful than those who are merely technically qualified. People with high EI are

more liked, cooperative, trusted, resilient, intrinsically motivated, optimistic and better at

dealing with conflicts.

Emotional intelligence affects how one behaves with oneself as well as

with other people, especially during conflicts. This is why emotional intelligence has

become especially important in leadership training. It is generally thought that although

standard intelligence or IQ is a given that can't really be altered; emotional intelligence is

something that can be developed through training. This is why corporate seminars on

emotional intelligence were developed for company executives. But the implications of

emotional intelligence in personal life are equally significant as in the business world.

Improvements in emotional intelligence can result in better personal relationships between

people. One can only imagine just how many marriages and other family relationships as

well as broken friendships can be saved if people had more training in emotional

intelligence. So as long as we are all dealing with others in our everyday lives, emotional

intelligence is a very important concept in order to be successful in life.

--00--

Learning from Internal Activities

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6.1 Introduction-

Learning is a term which is obtained in a variety of contents organized by thepeople. It is a

process by which new behaviors are acquired. It is generally said the learning brings

changes in the behavior, we can learn from anyone at anytime but the thing is that we

should have that skill

The department of management in RITEE College has organized several

internal activities for all MBA students where they got the chance to present their creative

skill, leadership skill. Throughout these activities we learn some utter most thing of our life

6.2 Internal activities:-

1) Collage making

2) Ad designing

3) Presentation

4) G.D/Debate

6.3 Benefits of Internal Activities

By these internal activities I have learned several things like:-

a) Coordination

b) Reduces hesitation and stage fear

c) Leadership skill

d) Enthusiasm

e) How to give presentation

f) Self Confidence

g) It provides opportunity to check our self.

LEARNING

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The given assignment on Professional/Social Development workshop report covers

various topics like Yoga, Management Games, Emotional Intelligence, presentation on

HTML etc.

In this assignment we have to study different works that is to be done in our daily

life.

While doing the project, we learned how to prepare curriculum

Vitae which is the most important part in our life. We gained the knowledge of Yoga and

its uses which we can implement in our daily life.

In this assignment, we learned the part of Emotional Intelligence and how it can be

used in our daily life and in our work. The study of Management Games is very useful as itsharpens our mind, thinking ability and provides wide knowledge.

The presentation on HTML gave a wide knowledge of HTML and now we are fully

able to give presentations on any topic.

Lastly, the Internal events that was organized in the college that

include Group Discussions, Collage Making, Debate, Role plays etc gave us a platform to

show our best part.

SUMMARY

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Yoga and Its Benefits

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