WhatIsBiddatInIslam

8/4/2019 WhatIsBiddatInIslam

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CPMNV A[ HAFNMAO A[LNB

hq Mniggbwl Wbbnv Bwe v a Nmbnf Qnnx Imnov

TWHLA[MGF HQ

ABNB NMBGF XNZN NKNFGBQ

FWXHNO/ [CWVM NEXAKN


2/33

Twhla{mgx{:

Abnb Nmbgf Xnzn Nknfgbq

Nmbgf Xnzn Hwalfao`

;xf Elccx, 84"88 Lcxog [vxggv

Fwxhno/ 644>

[cwvm Nexakn

Tc{vnl Nffxg{{:

T/C/ Hc} 7;87

Fwxhno/ 6444

[cwvm Nexakn

Tmcog: -4;>! ;41";568

En}: -4;>! ;41";040

Kgll: 4=;"1=="5776

Aov/ Kcfg: -80! -;>! ) Owbhgx


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KMNTVGX COG 0

>/> Vmg pcxf Hafnm n{ bgovacogf ao vmg Mclq ^wxno

>/8 Vmg vpc vqtg{ ce Hafnm

>/8/> Hafnm A'va~nnfa -Aoocunvaco ao Hglage!

>/8/8 Hafnm Nbnla -Aoocunvaco ao Nkvaco!:

N/ Hafnm Mn{non nof

H/ Hafnm [na'qqn

KMNTVGX VPC >;

8/> Vqtg{ ce Hafnm nof vmgax {vnvw{ ao vmg [mnxa'nm

8/8 Fgeaoavaco ce vmg Knvg`cxag{ ce Hafnm nof vmgax Kmnxnkvgxa{vak{

N/ Hafnm Jn'az

H/ Hafnm Bw{vnmnh


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KMNTVGX VMXGG >1

;/> Vpc chjgkvaco{ xna{gf co vmg fgeaoavaco ce Hafnm

;/>/> Eax{v Chjgkvaco

;/>/8 [gkcof Chjgkvaco

;/8 Kcoklw{aco

WBFNVWL NL"[NLAI( " XGLANOKG CE VMG VXNUGLLGX 8=

A BNB NMBGF XNZN NKNFGBQ ;4

ECXGPCXF


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vma{ vgxb mn{ hggo w{gf nof a{ w{gf kxgnvg{ wokgxvnaovq ao vmg baof{ ce aofauafwnl{ pmc nxgocv aoecxbgf ce vmg xgnlavq/

Vmgxg g}a{v{, vmgxgecxg, n faxg oggf vc g}tlnao ao {abtlg vgxb{ pmnvHaf

nm

bgno{ nof pmnv nkv{

kco{vavwvg Hafnm nof pmnv nkv{ fc ocv/ Vma{ hcci, vmg cxa`ao ce pmakm pn{ ao Wxfw, nof pxavvgo hq n `xgnv

A{lnbak {kmclnx cx Nnlab,Mniggbwl Wbbnv, Bweva Nmbgf Qnnx Imno v, twxtcxv{ vc g}tlnao ao `xgnv fgvnalvmg kcokgtv ce Hafnm nof vmw{ klgnx vmg baof{ ce Bw{lab{/

Vmgxg nxg vpc vqtg{ ce Hafnm:

>/ Hafnm Mn{non -nttxgkanhlg aoocunvaco! nof

8/ Hafnm [naqqn -ceego{aug aoocunvaco!/

Vmg{g vpc Hafnm{ nxg knllgf Hafnm Nbnla -aoocunvaco ao nkvaco!/ Hafnm Ava~nnfa -aoocunvaco ao hglage! a{

nl{c g}tlnaogf ao fgvnal/ Vma{ hcci {gxug{ vmg oggf vc faeegxgovanvg hgvpggo vmg unxacw{ vqtg{ ce Hafnm

vmc{g vmnv nxg nkkgtvnhlg nof vmc{g vmnv nxg ocv/

Bnoq ce vmg chjgkvaco{ tc{gf hq vmg cttc{avaco mnug nl{c hggo no{pgxgf pavm `xgnv nwvmgokavq/ Av a{ ma`mlqxgkcbbgofgf vc xgnf vma{ hcci nof wofgx{vnof vmg kcovgov{ ce vma{ hcci vc nucaf n egglao` ce wokgxvnaovq

nhcwv vmg hgmnuacwx{ nof {cbg txnkvakg{ ce vmg Bw{lab{/

Bnq NllnmQ, Bc{v Bgxkaewl, `xnov vmg nwvmcx ce vmg hcci vmg ma`mg{v {vn`g{ ce Jnoonvwl Eaxfcw{/ Bnq


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81 [gtvgbhgx 844>

CKMNTVGX COG

>/> VMG PCXF HAFNM N[ BGOVACOGF AO VMG MCLQ ^WXNO

Vmg lavgxnxq bgnoao` ceHafnm -ao vmg fakvaconxq! a{ aoocunvaco9 ocuglvq/ Ao vmg ecllcpao`laog{ pg {gg pmgxg ao vmg Mclq ^wxno vma{ pcxf mn{ hggo w{gf, nof vmg bgnoao` pavm pmakm ava{ n{{ckanvgf:

[nq{ Nlba`mvq NllnmQao vmg Mclq ^wxno:

[nq A nb oc Hxao`gx ce Ogp Eno`lgf Fckvxaognbco`


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nof MgQ{nq{:

Hwv bcon{vaka{b -pmakm! vmgq aougovgf " Pg cxfnaogf

av ocv ecx vmgb/ -nl"Mnfaf: 80!

Ao vmg{g Nqnm{ excb vmg Mclq ^wxno vmg pcxf Hafnm mn{ hggo w{gf ao av'{ lavgxnxq bgnoao`/ Av'{ fgeaoavaco

ao vmg vgkmoaknl lno`wn`g ce vmg [mnxggnm a{ faeegxgov/ Ao vmg Mclq ^wxno av mn{ hggo w{gf vc bgno vc

aougov nof vc kxgnvg n ogp vmao`, pmgxgn{ av'{ vgkmoaknl bgnoao` a{ n{ pxavvgo ao vmg hcciBax~nv -wofgx

Hnhwl A'va{nnb hal Iavnnh pn{"[woonm! " (vmnv hglage cx nkvaco pmakm pn{ ocv ao txnkvakg fwxao` vmg hlg{{gf

n`g ce Xn{cclwllnm xhwv pn{ aovxcfwkgf nevgx mab/( Excb vma{ pg {gg vmnv Hafnm a{ ce vpc iaof{:"

N/ Hafnm A'va~nnfa -aoocunvaco ao hglage!

H/ Hafnm Nbnla -aoocunvaco ao nkvaco!

>/8 VMG VPC VQTG[ CE HAFNM

Ocp lgv w{ {gg vmg faeegxgokg hgvpggo Hafnm A'va~nnfa nof Hafnm Nbnla/

>/8/> HAFNM A'VA^NNFA -AOOCUNVACO AO HGLAGE!


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HAFNM"G"MN[NON: nof av{ guafgokg excb vmg Mclq ^wxno/

Nllnm Vn'nlnQ{nq{ ao vmg Mclq ^wxno:

Nof Pg tlnkgf kcbtn{{aco nof bgxkq ao vmg mgnxv{ ce vmc{g

pmc ecllcpgf mab -Jg{w{!, hwv Bcon{vaka{b vmgq aougovgf "

Pg cxfnaogf av ocv ecx vmgb " colq {ggiao` Nllnm'{ tlgn{wxg,

nof vmgq ch{gxugf av ocv pavm xa`mv ch{gxunokg/ -nl"Mnfaf: 80!

nof vmgo MgQ{nq{:

[c Pg `nug vmc{g ce vmgb pmc hglagug vmgax xgpnxf{/ -nl"Mnfaf: 80!

Excb vma{ pg {gg vmnv vmg hglagugx{ ce Mnfxnv A{nw aougovgf Hafnm Mn{non, a/g/ Bcon{vaka{b, nof Nllnm

Vn'nln Qxna{g{ vmgb nof nl{c txcba{g{ vmgb xgpnxf/ Hwv vmc{g pmc faf ocv ec{vgx av -Bcon{vaka{b! pavmxa`mv ch{gxunokg pgxg xgtxcugf:

Nof vmgq ch{gxugf av ocv pavm xa`mv ch{gxunokg/ -nl"Mnfaf: 80!


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Vmg {nbg hcciBa{imnv wofgx Iavnh"wl Abnno {nq{ vmnv pmgo Mnfxnv Nhfwllnm hao Wbnx vpn{ vclf vmnv{cbg tgx{co mnf `augo mab [nlnnb{, mg {naf, (A mnug mnf ogp{ vmnv mg -vmg tgx{co pmc mn{ `augo

[nlnnb{! mn{ hgkcbg n Hafnma, ae av a{ {c vmgo fco'v xgvwxo mab bq [nlnnb{/( Mcp faf mg hgkcbg n

Hafnma3 Av a{ {naf vmnv mg mnf hgkcbg n ^nfxaqqnY>R/ [wkm n tgx{co a{ knllgf n Hafnma/

Fwxx"g"Bwimvnx -Hnhwl"Abnnbnv! {nq{, (Av a{ Bnixwm vc txnq hgmaof no Abnb pmc a{ n Hafnva/ Hafnm a{

vmnv hglage -A'va~nnf! pmakm kcovxnfakv{ vmnv pmakm mn{ hggo kcougqgf vc w{ excb Xn{cclwllnm x/(

Vma{ {mcp{ vmnv ogp eno`lgf hglage{ nxg Hafnm{ nof pmgxgugx vmg Mnfavm{ mnug bgovacogf nhcwv

twoa{mbgov{ ecx Hafnva{ vmg{g twoa{mbgov{ nxg bgnov ecx vmc{g pmc txnkvakg Hafnm ao hglage{, a/g/ vmc{g

hglage{ pmakm nxg ao kcovxnfakvaco pavm Nmlg [woonm Pnl Jnbnnv/ N Mnfavm {nq{, (Mg pmc g}nlv{ vmc{g

tgctlg pmc kcbbav Hafnm{ mn{ mgltgf ao fgbcla{mao` A{lnb/(

Envnpn Xn{mafaqqn -kco{afgxgf n{ nwvmgovak hq {kmclnx{ ce Fgchnof! pxavg{ ao av'{ eax{v uclwbg -tn`g 14!

wofgx Iavnhwl Hafnm: ([wkm vmxgnv{ ce twoa{mbgov{ ecx Hafnm{ nxg bgnov ecx vmc{g pmc mnug aoocunvgf n

hglage -N~ggfnm! pmakm kcovxnfakv{ pavm vmnv ce vmg Nmlg [woonm Pnl Jnbnnv, ecx g}nbtlg, vmg Xnpneafm,vmg Imnpnxaj, vmg Bw'vnzaln, gvk/(

>/8/8 HAFNM NBNLA -AOOCUNVACO AO NKVACO!


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aovxcfwkgf aovc A{lnb ao vmg n`g ce vmg xg{tgkvgf [nmnhn v pall hg kco{afgxgf n Hafnm/

OCVG: Ae vmg aoocunvaco pn{ hxcw`mv aovc txnkvakg ao vmg n`g ce vmg [nmnhn v vmgo pg {mcwlf ocv knll av

Hafnm hwv [woonm ce vmg [nmnhn v n{ av a{ xg{tgkvewl vc knll av {c, vmcw`m av a{ Haf

nm"g"Mn{non/ Hgknw{g

vmg pcxf Hafnm a{ bc{vlq wofgx{vccf vc bgno Hafnm"g"[na'qqn -ualg aoocunvaco!/

Mnfxnv Wbnx v ao vmg vabg ce ma{ Knlatmnvg, knllgf vmg tgctlg vc tgxecxb Vnxnpam txnqgx{ ao kco`xg`nvaco

-Jnbnnv!, pmgxgn{ av w{gf vc hg txnqgf aofauafwnllq ao vmg vabg ce vmg Mclq Txctmgv x nof kcbbgovgf co{ggao` vmg Jnbnnv, (Vma{ a{ n ugxq oakg Hafnm/(

Hafnm Nbnla -aoocunvgf nkvaco! a{ kln{{aeagf ao vpc:"

N/ Hafnm"g"Mn{non -txna{gpcxvmq aoocunvaco!

H/ Hafnm"g"[na'qqn -ceego{aug aoocunvaco!

N/ HAFNM"G"MN[NON

A{ vmnv nkvaco pmakm fcg{ ocv kcovxnfakv pavm vmg Mclq ^wxno nof vmg [woonm nof pn{ hxcw`mv aovc txnkvakg

nevgx vmg vabg ce vmg Mclq Txctmgv xecx g}nbtlg, vc kco{vxwkv xgla`acw{ ao{vavwvaco{, vc txaov vmg Mclq ^wxnoao vmg txg{{, vc mclf `nvmgxao`{ ce Bgglnf, vc gnv oakg eccf nof vc twv co nvvxnkvaug klcvmg{, gvk/ Hafnm"g"

Mn{non a{ ocv colq tgxba{{ahlg -Jn'az! hwv nv vabg{ av kno hg nttxgkanhlg -Bw{vnmnh! nof gugo g{{govanl

Pn ah n{ cw pall {gg lnvgx co/


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Hafnm"g"[na'qqn kno hg Bnixwm Vnozma cx Bnixwm Vnmxaba cx gugo Mnxnnb/

Vmg eax{v uclwbg ceN{ma'nvwl Lnb'nnv -Hnhwl A'va{nnb! {nq{ nhcwv Hafnm Mn{non nof [na'qqn wofgx vmg

Mnfavm: (Gugxq Hafnm a{ n fglw{aco -ba{lgnfao`!,( vmnv noq Hafnm pmakm a{ ao nkkcxfnokg pavm vmg

txaokatlg{, vmg knoco{ ce A{lnbak Lnp nof vmg [woonm nof mn{ hggo fgfwkgf nonlc`aknllq excb vmg ^wxno

cx [woonm -vmxcw`m ^aqn{! a{ Hafnm"g"Mn{non nof vmnv pmakm a{ ao kcovxn{v{ vc vmg nhcug fgeaoavaco a{

Hafnm"g"[na'qqn/

N Mnfavm ao Ba{imnv wofgx Hnhwl"A'lb {nq{: (Mg pmc {gv{ n `ccf txgkgfgov ao A{lnb, vmgxg a{ xgpnxf ecx

mab ecx vma{ -nkv ce `ccfog{{! nof n xgpnxf ecx mab nl{c pmc nkv{ nkkcxfao` vc av {wh{g~wgovlq, pavmcwv

noq fgfwkvaco excb vmgax xgpnxf{ nof mg pmc {gv{ ao A{lnb no gual txgkgfgov vmgxg a{ wtco mab vmg hwxfgo

ce vmnv, nof vmg hwxfgo ce mab nl{c pmc nkv{ wtco av {wh{g~wgovlq, pavmcwv noq fgfwkvaco excb vmgax

hwxfgo{/( Excb vma{ Mnfavm pg {gg vmnv vc aovxcfwkg n oakg pnq ao A{lnb pmakm a{ ao nkkcxfnokg pavm vmg

Mclq ^wxno nof [woonm pall aofwkg xgpnxf{ nof vc fc uakg ugx{n pall txcucig twoa{mbgov/

Ao vmg txgenkg ce vmg hcci, [mnnba, wofgx Enzn'al Abnb Nhw Mnoaenv, av {nq{: Vmg {kmclnx{ {nq vmg{g

Nmnnfavm nxg vmg knoco{ ce A{lnb nof vmnv a{ pmcgugx aovxcfwkg{ n hnf pnq ao A{lnb, mg pall `gv vmg hwxfgo

ce vmg {ao{ ce nll vmc{g pmc nkv wtco av nof pmcgugx aovxcfwkg{ n oakg pnq mg pall `gv xgpnxf ce nll vmc{g

pmc nkv wtco av vall vmg Fnq ce Jwf`gbgov/

No ceego{aug Hafnm a{ vmnv pmakm kcovxnfakv{ pavm vmg [woonm/ Ba{minnv Hnhwl A'va{nnb {nq{: (Pmcgugx

nooamalnvg n [ oonm Ecx g nbtlg av a [ oonm vc n vmg Exafn cx Gaf Im vhn ao Nxnhak h v ae cbgcog


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nooamalnvg n [woonm/ Ecx g}nbtlg, av a{ [woonm vc {nq vmg Exafnq cx Gaf Imwvhn ao Nxnhak, hwv ae {cbgcog

{nq{ vmnv av ao {cbg cvmgx lno`wn`g vmgo av a{ Hafnm"g"[na'qqn hgknw{g mg mn{ chlavgxnvgf vmg [woonm ce

{nqao` av ao Nxnhak/ [c vc mclf `nvmgxao`{ ce Bgglnf [mnxgge pmgxgao vmg Mclq Txctmgv x a{ txna{gf a{ ocvHafnm hgknw{g oc [woonm mn{ hggo gxn{gf hgknw{g ce av/ Laigpa{g qcw bnq kcbtnxg cvmgx vmao`{ laig

Envgmn, Imnvnb [mnxgge, G{nnlg"Vmnpnnh, gvk/ pavm vma{ txaokatlg nof {gg ecx qcwx{gle ae vmgq nxg Hafnm{

cx ocv/ Vmg faeegxgokg hgvpggo no ceego{aug Hafnm nof nttxgkanhlg Hafnm {mcwlf hg pgll wofgx{vccf

hgknw{g vma{ a{ pmgxg bnoq `gv kcoew{gf/

KMNTVGX VPC

8/> VQTG[ CE HAFNM NOF VMGAX [VNVW[ AO VMG [MNXA'NM

-H! Hafnm Bw{vnmnh -nttxgkanhlg!


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-H! Haf nm Bw{vnmnh -nttxgkanhlg!

-K! Hafnm Pnjah -g{{govanl!

Hafnm [na'qqn a{ knvg`cxa{gf ao vpc:

-N! Hafnm Bnixwm -nhcbaonhlg!

-H! Hafnm Mnxnnb -txcmahavgf!

Ao {wh{vnovanvaco, pg txg{gov vmg pcxf{ ce vmg hcciBax~nv Hnhwl A'va{nnb hal Iavnnh pn{ [woonm: Hafnm

a{ gavmgx Pnnjah, ecx g}nbtlg vc lgnxo Onmu -Nxnhak {qovn}! nof vc `nvmgx vmg txaokatlg{ ce Ea~m, gvk/ cx av a{

Mnxnnb ecx g}nbtlg, vmg aovxcfwkvaco ce ogp hglage{ laig vmg [gkv{ Jnhxaqqn, ^nfxaqqn, gvk/ cx av a{

Bw{vnmnh ecx g}nbtlg, vc kco{vxwkv xgla`acw{ ao{vavwvaco{ nof gugxq `ccf vmao` pmakm pn{ ocv vmgxg ao vmg

eax{v gxn ce vmg A{lnbak kgovwxq cx vc bnig kco`xg`nvaco ao vmg Vnxnpggm txnqgx{, gvk/ cx av a{ Bnixwm ecxg}nbtlg, vc uag ao vmg fgkcxnvaco ce bc{~wg{ -pavm vmg aovgovaco ce c{vgovnvacw{ tcbt nof txafg! cx av a{

Jn'az ecx g}nbtlg, vc {mnig mnof{ nevgx vmg -Enjx! txnqgx{ cx vc tnxvnig ce oakg eccf nof fxaoi, gvk/

Vmg hcci[mnnba -Ucl/ >! Iavnnhw{ [nlnnv, Hnhwl Abnbnv {nq{: (Av a{ Bnixwm vc tgxecxb [nlnnm hgmaofno Abnb pmc tgxtgvxnvg{ n Hafnm pmakm a{ Mnxnnb, hwv cvmgxpa{g Hafnm a{ {cbgvabg{ Pnnjah, ecx

g}nbtlg, vc ewxoa{m txcce ao fgegokg ce A{lnb -n`nao{v {vxnq [gkv{! nof vc lgnxo vmg iocplgf`g ce Onmu

-[qovn}!, nof av a{ {cbgvabg{ Bw{vnmnh, ecx g}nbtlg, vc kco{vxwkv knxnuno{gxna{ nof bnfxg{{n{ nof nll

vmc{g enucwxnhlg vmao`{ pmakm pgxg ocv vmgxg ao vmg eax{v gxn, nof {cbgvabg{ av a{ Bnixwm ecx g}nbtlg vc

uag ao vmg fgkcxnvaco ce bc{~wg{ pavm n {go{g ce txafg nof {cbgvabg{ av a{ Bwhnm -Jn'az!, ecx g}nbtlg, vc

tnxvnig ao oakg eccf nof fxaoi nof pgnx oakg klcvmg{/( Vmg hcciJnnbgw{"[n`mggx {nq{ vmg {nbg vmao`/

Pg mnug {ggo vmnv n Hafnm pmakm fcg{ ocv kcovxnfakv pavm vmg Mclq ^wxno nof [woonm a{ Hafnm Mn{non


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Pg mnug {ggo vmnv n Haf nm, pmakm fcg{ ocv kcovxnfakv pavm vmg Mclq ^wxno nof [woonm, a{ Haf nm Mn{non

nof vmnv pmakm kcovxnfakv{ pavm vmg Mclq ^wxno nof [woonm cx lgnf{ vc no nooamalnvaco ce n [woonm a{

Hafnm [na'qqn/

Hafnm a{ fauafgf aovc eaug knvg`cxag{ nof vmg kmnxnkvgxa{vak ce gnkm a{ `augo hglcp/

N/ HAFNM JNAZ: a{ vmnv nkvaco pmakm vmg [mnxggnmtxcmahavgf nof pmakm a{ fcog pavmcwv g}tgkvao` noq

xgpnxf cx twoa{mbgov ecx av/ Ecx g}nbtlg, tnxvniao` ao n unxagvq ce fglakacw{ fa{mg{ cx pgnxao` oakg nof

nvvxnkvaug klcvmao`, gvk/

H/ HAFNM BW[VNMNH: a{ vmnv nkv pmakm a{ fcog pavm no novakatnvaco ecx gnxoao` xgpnxf, ecx g}nbtlg

vc txnq vmg Bgglnf"wo"Onha xcx vc txnq Envamn ecx vmg {cwl{ ce fgkgn{gf Bw{lab{, gvk/ Ae a{ fcog pavm vmg

aovgovaco ce `naoao` xgpnxf{, mg pall `nao xgpnxf ecx av, nof ae cog fcg{ ocv fc av, mg pall ocv hgxgtxabnofgf ecx cbavvao` av/

Bax~nv Hnh"wl A'va{nnb {nq{, (Mnfxnv Nhfwllnm aho"g Bn{'ccfv mn{ onxxnvgf excb vmg Mclq Txctmgvx

vmnv, 'Pmnv vmg Bw{lab{ kco{afgx n{ `ccf vmgo av a{ nl{c kco{afgxgf n{ `ccf hq Nllnm/' Nocvmgx Mnfavmpmakm a{ Bnxew' {nq{, 'Bq Wbbnm pall ocv n`xgg wtco n vmao` pmakm a{ ba{lgnfao`/'( Ao vmg eax{v tn`g{ ce

Ba{imnv vmgxg a{ n Mnfavm, (Ugxalq nkvaco{ fgtgof wtco aovgovaco{ nof n bno pall `gv pmnvgugx mg aovgof{

ecx/(

Bw{lab{ kco{afgx n{ xgpnxf gnxoao` a{ nl{c kco{afgxgf n{ xgpnxfao` ao vmg Jwf`gbgov ce Nllnm


15/33

Bw{lab{ kco{afgx n{ xgpnxf gnxoao` a{ nl{c kco{afgxgf n{ xgpnxfao` ao vmg Jwf`gbgov ce NllnmQ/ Bw{lab{ nxg pavog{{g{ ce Nllnm Q nof pmnvgugx vmgq pavog{{ vc hg `ccf a{ `ccf nofpmnvgugx vmgq pavog{{ vc hg gual a{ gual/

K/ HAFNM PNJAH: a{ vmnv ogp nkvaco pmakm mn{ ocv hggo txcmahavgf ao vmg [mnxanm hwv vc cbav av pall

lgnf vc kxavaknl kcbtlaknvaco{ ao vmg xgla`aco/ Ecx g}nbtlg, vc twv vmg g}txg{{aco{ -A'xnnh! ao vmg Mclq ^wxno

{wkm n{ Envmn -Znhnx!, In{xn -Zgx! nof Fmwbbn -Tg{m!, vc kco{vxwkv bnfxg{{n{ ecx vgnkmao` vmg Mclq

^wxno nof Mnfavm nof vc lgnxo nof vgnkmvmg iocplgf`g ce onmu -Nxnhak {qovn}!, gvk/ nxg nll Hafnm Pnjah/

Lgv'{ vnig no g}nbtlg ce vmg kcbtlaknvaco, pmakm vmg Bw{lab{ pall enkg ae cog ce vmg{g vmao`{ pn{ vc hg

cbavvgf/ [wttc{ao` vmg g}txg{{aco{ ce vmg Mclq ^wxno pgxg vc hg gxn{gf, vmgo ballaco{ ce Bw{lab{ pmc

nxg ocv enbalanx pavm vmg Nxnhak {qovn} -Onmu " vmg lgnxoao` ce pmakm a{ nl{c Hafnm Pnjah! pall ocv hg nhlgvc xgnf vmg Mclq Hcci kcxxgkvlq nof pall hg {aoewl ecx xgnfao` av aokcxxgkvlq/

F/ HAFNM BNIXWM : A{ vmnv aoocunvacovmg tgxecxbao` ce pmakm pall lgnf vc vmg nooamalnvaco ce n

[woonm/ Ae n @mnaqx Bw'niiafnm [woonm a{ nooamalnvgf vmgo av a{ Bnixwm Vnozama nof ae n Bw'niiafnm[woonma{ nooamalnvgf vmgo av a{ Bnixwm Vnmxaba/ Ecx g}nbtlg, vc txnq vmg Gaf Imwvhn ao n lno`wn`g cvmgx

vmno Nxnhak, gvk/ a{ Hafnm Bnixwm Vnmxaba/

G/ HAF

NM MNXNNB: A{ vmnv aoocunvaco pmakm pall lgnf vc vmg nooamalnvaco ce n Pnjah/ Ecx g}nbtlg, vmgaovxcfwkvaco{ ce hglage{ pmakm nxg ao kcovxnfakvaco pavm vmg Iavnnh nof [woonm, {wkm n{ ^nfxaqqn pmc

hglagug, vmnv bno mn{ `cv nll vmg tcpgx vc fc pmnvgugx mg pa{mg{, nof Jnhxaqqn, pmc hglagug vmnv bno mn{

`cv oc tcpgx nv nll nof nll nkvaco{ nxg fcog wofgx kcbtwl{aco, pmgxgn{ vmg hglage ce vmgNmlg [woonm Pnl

Jnbnnva{ vmnv bno mn{ hggo `augo ctvaco ao {cbg vmao`{ nof a{ wofgx kcbtwl{aco ao {cbg/ [c vc hglagug n{

vmg ^nfxaqqn cx vmg Jnhxaqqn pall lgnf vc vmg nooamalnvaco ce n Pnjah, pmakm a{ Mnxnnb/ Bnoq {gkv{ mnug

hggo aovxcfwkgf aovc A{lnb nevgx vmg Mclq Txctmgv x/ Xn{cclwllnm x {naf: (Bq Wbbnm pall hg fauafgf aovc

{gugov vmxgg [gkv{ nof nll pall hg ao Mgll g}kg v cog Vmnv w co pmakm A nof b [nmnhn nxg (


16/33

ABNNO: Gugxq Bw{lab kmalf a{ vnw`mv Abnno"g"Bwjbnl nof Abnno"g"Bwen{{nl pmgxgn{ oc {wkm

knvg`cxag{ cx onbg{ ecx Abnno pgxg ao txnkvakg ao vmg n`g ce vmg Mclq Txctmgv x cx vmg vmxgg hlg{{gf`gogxnvaco{ Y8R nevgx mab/

INLABNM: Gugxq Bw{lab bgbcxa{g{ {a} Inlabnm{/ Vmg{g {a} Inlabnm{, vmgax gowbgxnvaco nof vmgax

{g~wgokg vmnv, vma{ a{ vmg eax{v Inlabnm, vma{ vmg {gkcof, gvk/ nxg nll Hafnm{ pmakm pgxg ocv vmgxg ao vmg

kcbbgokao` tgxacf ce A{lnb/

^WXNO: Vc fauafg vmg Mclq ^wxno aovc vmaxvq Tnxn{ -{gkvaco{! nof vc fauafg vmg Tnxn{ aovc Xwiw{, vc twv

vmg A'xnnh -g}txg{{aco{ {wkm n{ Znhhnx, Zgx, Tg{m! ao vmg Mclq ^wxno nof vc mnug vmg Mclq Hcci txaovgf hq

cee{gv ao vmg txg{{ nxg Hafnm{ pmakm kcwlf ocv hg vxnkgf ao vmg kcbbgokao` gxn ce A{lnb/

MNFAVM: Vc kcllgkv vmg Mnfavm ao hcci ecxb nof {vnvg vmg kmnao cx onxxnvcx{ nof vc kmnxnkvgxa{g vmg

Mnfavm{ hq {nqao` vma{ a{ [nmam, vma{ a{ Mn{{no cx Fn'ae, Bw'nffnnl cx Bwfnlln{, gvk/ nof vc g{vnhla{m vmg

kcbbnof{ pavm vmg mglt ce Mnfavm {wkm n{ Bnixwm, Bw{vnmnh, gvk/ nxg nll nttxgkanhlg Hafnm{ pmakm pgxg

ocv ao txnkvakg ao vmg hlg{{gf n`g ce Xn{cclwllnm x/

TXAOKATLG[ CE MNFAVM -W[WL"G"MNFAVM!: Vma{ pmclg hxnokm ce iocplgf`g nlco` pavm av{ xwlg{

a{ av{gle Hafnm Mn{non/

[NLNNV: Av a{ Hafnm"g"Mn{non vc aovgof ecx txnqao` [nlnnm hq txcklnabao` vmg aovgovaco lcwflq cx vc


17/33

t q ` q t ` q

txnq vmg 84 Xninnm Vnxnpggm txnqgx ao kco`xg`nvaco fwxao` vmg Mclq Bcovm ce Xnbnfnno/

EN[VAO@: Nv vmg vabg ce hxgniao` en{v -Aevnnx! vc {nq vmg Fwn: (C Nllnm, ecx Vmgg mnug A En{vgf nof ao

Vmgg A hglagug nof wtco Vmgg A vxw{v nof pavm vmg eccf àugo hq Vmgg A ctgo bq en{v( nof vc aovgof ecx

en{vao` hq {nqao` vma{ Fwn nwfahlq nv vmg vabg ce [gmxa: (C Nllnm, A aovgof vc en{v ecx Vmq {nig vcbcxxcp(

nxg nll Hafnm Mn{non/

ZNINNV: Vc àug Zninnv pavm vmg kwxxgokq pmakm a{ kwxxgovlq w{gf {wkm n{ kcao{ nof tntgx ocvg{ a{

Hafnm hgknw{g vmg{g pgxg ocv ao uc`wg ao vmg kcbbgokao` kgovwxag{ ce A{lnb/

MNJJ: Vc tgxecxb Mnjj hq vxnugllao` ao ngxctlnog{, {mat{, knx{, lcxxag{, hw{g{ nof vc `c vc vmg eaglf ce

Nxnennv hq knx cx hw{ nxg nll Hafnm{ hgknw{g {wkm kcougqnokg{ mnf ocv hggo aougovgf ao vmnv n`g/

Pmgo Hafnm mn{ hggo aovxcfwkgf ao {wkm vmao`{ n{ Abnno nof Inlabnm vmgo mcp pall pg {wkkggf ao

nh{vnaoao` excb av3 [c pg pall mnug vc n`xgg vmnv nll Hafnm{ nxg ocv Mnxnnb nof colq vmc{g Hafnm{ nxg

Mnxnnb, pmakm kcovxnfakv vmg Iavnnh nof [woonm/

HAFNM AO PCXFLQ NEENAX[: Ocp fnq{ pg {gg nxcwof w{ {wkm ogp aougovaco{ vmnv kcwlf ocv hg

ecwof ao vmg eax{v vmxgg kgovwxag{ ce A{lnb nof pg `cv {c bwkm nkkw{vcbgf vc vmgb vmnv laeg pcwlf hg ugxq

faeeakwlv pavmcwv vmgb/ Gugxqcog a{ kcbtgllgf vc w{g vmg{g vmao`{ {wkm n{ vxnao{, knx{, ngxctlnog{, pnvkmg{,

glgkvxakavq, nof mwofxgf{ ce cvmgx vmao`{, pavmcwv pmakm pg knoocv abnàog mcp laeg pcwlf hg/ Hwv nll

vmg{g vmao`{ nxg Hafnm{ nof knoocv hg vxnkgf hnki vc vmg hlg{{gf n`g ce Xn{cclwllnm x cx vmg [nmnhn v/

vgxbaoclc`q ce vmg [mnxanm av a{ knllgf [woonm ce vmg [nmnhn v/ Hgknw{g bc{vlq vmg Hafnm a{ w{gf vc bgno


18/33

`q q

Hafnm [na'qqn -ualg aoocunvaco! nof av a{ ocv xg{tgkvewl vc n{{a`o {wkm n pcxf vcpnxf{ vmg xg{tgkvgf [nmnhn

v/

Vma{ a{ vmg fgeaoavaco ce Hafnm/

Vmgxg nxg vpc pgll"iocpo chjgkvaco{ xg`nxfao` vma{ fgeaoavaco nof pg pall no{pgx vmgb cog hq cog/


19/33

;/>/> EAX[V CHJGKVACO

Hafnm a{ vmnv aoocunvaco ao xglaàcw{ bnvvgx{ pmakm pn{ hxcw`mv aovc txnkvakg nevgx vmg hlg{{gf n`g ce

Xn{cclwllnm x nof ae noq ocuglvq a{ aovxcfwkgf ao pcxlflq bnvvgx{ av pall ocv hg knllgf n Hafnm/ [c Bgglnfnof Envgmn nxg Hafnm{ -hgknw{g vmgq nxg kco{afgxgf n{ xglaàcw{ nkvauavag{! nof vmao`{ {wkm n{ vglg`xnb{,

vglgtmcog{ nof cvmgx aougovaco{ pall ocv hg knllgf Hafnm{ hgknw{g vmgq mnug ocvmao` vc fc pavm xglaàco/

Vmg Mnfavm {nq{, (Pmc{cgugx aoocunvg{ n ogp vmao` ao cwx xglaàco a{ xgjgkvgf/( Vmg pcxf ao cwx

xglaàco ao vmg Mnfavm txcug{ vmnv noq ogp vmao`, pmakm a{ aovxcfwkgf ao xglaàco, pall hg Hafnm nof ocv

vmnv pmakm a{ {gkwlnx/ Nof Hafnm ao xglaàcw{ bnvvgx{ a{ Mnxnnb, nof ln{vlq, vmgxg a{ ocvmao` laig Hafnm"g"

Mn{non hgknw{g vmg Mnfavm {nq{ vmnv nll vqtg{ ce aoocunvaco{ nxg xgjgkvgf/

NO[PGX VC EAX[V CHJGKVACO

Hafnm a{ ocv kcoeaogf vc bnvvgx{ kcokgxoao` xglaàco colq hgknw{g vmg [nmam Mnfavm{ nof vmg {nqao`{ ce

vmg Wlnbn, Ew~nnmn nof Bwmnffavmggo nxg n`nao{v vma{/ N Hafnm a{ vmnv aoocunvaco, pmakm knbg aovc

txnkvakg nevgx vmg hlg{{gf n`g ce vmg Txctmgv x, hg av pcxlflq cx xglaàcw{/ N Mnfavm ao vmg hcciBa{imnv-Hnhwl A'va{nnb! {nq{, (Gugxq ogp vmao` a{ n Hafnm/( Vmgxg a{ oc xg{vxakvaco ce Hafnm hgao` xglaàcw{ cx

pcxlflq nof pg mnug nl{c ~wcvgf vmg {vnvgbgov{ excb vmg hcci{ N{ma'nvwl Lnb'nnv nof Bax~nnv ao vmgtxgkgfao` tn`g{, pmakm {nq vmnv Hafnm a{ ocv xg{vxakvgf vc xglaàcw{ bnvvgx{ colq/

Vmg kmntvgx, (Vqtg{ ce Hafnm nof vmgax [vnvw{ ao [mnxanm,( ao vma{ hcci, pg mnug ~wcvgf excb vmg hcci{

Bax~nnv nof [mnnba vmnv vc tnxvnig ce `ccf eccf nof fxaoi nof vc pgnx oakg klcvmg{ ao Hafnm Jn'az/

'

xgpnxfao`/( Vmgxgecxg, n Bw{lab'{ gugxq nkvaco, hg av xglaàcw{ cx {gkwlnx a{ xgpnxfao` hgknw{g av a{ fcog


20/33

pavm vmg aovgovaco ce tlgn{ao` NllnmQ/

Pg pall ocp la{v n egp vmao`{ pmakm pgxg ocv fwxao` vmg hlg{{gf n`g ce Xn{cclwllnm x hwv pgxg aoocunvgfnevgxpnxf{ nof bnfg tnxv nof tnxkgl ce xglaàco/

n! Kco{vxwkvaco ce Bnfxg{{n{/

h! Fauafao` vmg ^wxno aovc vmaxvq tnxv{/

k! Bnxiao` vmg g}txg{{aco{ co vmg Mclq ^wxno, uaz/ Envmn, In{xn, Fmnbbn -Znhhnx, Zgx, Tg{m!/

f! Txaovao` vmg Mclq Hcci nof cvmgx xglaàcw{ hcci{ ao vmg txg{{/

g! Vmg kcbtalnvaco ce A'lb"g"Mnfavm nof Ea~m/

e! Vc twv fcpo vmg Mclq ugx{g{ ce vmg ^wxno ao tntgx ecxb, gvk/

Nll vmg nhcug"bgovacogf vmao`{ nxg Hafnm{ pmakm pgxg ocv ao vmg hlg{{gf n`g ce Xn{cclwllnm x hwv nxgkco{afgxgf xglaàcw{/ Vmc{g pmc {nq vmnv Bgglnf nof Envgmn nxg Hafnm{ hgknw{g vmc{g xglaàcw{ neenax{

pmakm pgxg aoocunvgf nevgx vmg hlg{{gf n`g ce vmg Mclq Txctmgv x {mcwlf mnug n lcci nv vmg nhcug la{v nof{mcp w{ pmakm ce vmg{g vpc vmao`{ nxg ocv aoklwfgf ao vmg xglaàco nof pmakm pn{ vmgxg ao vmg hlg{{gf n`g3

Vmg Mnfavm: (Pmc{cgugx aougov{ n ogp vmao` ao cwx xglaàco a{ xgjgkvgf( pmakm qcw mnug txg{govgf ao qcwx

ch gkvaco bgno{ vmnv pmcgugx aoocunvg{ n ogp hglage cx pmcgugx aoocunvg{ n ogp nkvaco pmakm a{ ao

Pg mnug nl{c ~wcvgf excb vmg hcci{ [mnnba nof Bax~nnv vmnv Hafnm a{ ce eaug knvg`cxag{, uaz/ Jn'az,


21/33

Pnjah, Bw{vnmnh, Bnixwm nof Mnxnnb/ Nkkcxfao` vc qcwx {vnvgbgov, pg pall mnug vc cbav bnoq vmao`{

pmakm nxg iocpo vc hg tnxv nof tnxkgl ce xgla`aco hwv pgxg aoocunvgf nevgx vmg hlg{{gf n`g ce Xn{cclwllnm x{wkm n{ vmg Bn{nn'al{ ce Ea~m, vmg ecwx Bnfmnh{, uaz/ Mnonea, [mnea, Bnlaia, Mnohnla9 vmg Vnxa~n{, uaz/

On{mhnofaqqn, ^nfgxaqqn, Kma{vaqqn, [mwmxwpnxfaqqn, Nlpaqqn, gvk/9 vmg fgocbaonvaco{ ce vmg [weaqqn"

Aixnnb9 vmg knvg`cxa{nvaco ce vmg {a} Inlabnm{, Abnno"g"Bwjbnl, Abnno"g"Bwen{{nl9 vmg faua{aco ce vmg

Mclq ^wxno aovc ;4 tnxv{9 vmg kcbtalnvaco ce vmg iocplgf`g ce Mnfavm nof vmg knvg`cxa{nvaco ce Mnfavm{, a/g/ [nmam, Fn'ae, Mn{{no, Bw'nffnl, gvk/9 vmg kco{vxwkvaco ce bnfxg{{n nof nxxno`gbgov ce vmgax {qllnhw{g{9

nof vc {gv n kcwx{g ecx nkmaguao` vmg fg`xgg ce Nnlab nof ^nxa nof vc txg{gov kgxvaeaknvg{ co vmg kcbtlgvaco

ce vmg kcwx{g vc vmg xg{tgkvaug {vwfgov{, gvk/ pall nll hg Mnxnnb nkkcxfao` vc qcwx {vnvgbgov vmnv nll Hafnm{

nxg Mnxnnb nof vmgxg a{ ocvmao` laig Hafnm"g"Mn{non/

Ao enkv, vmgxg a{ oc nkv ce [mnxggnm cx Vnxgg~nm pmakm a{ ucaf ce Hafnm/ Vmgo mcp bwkm pall qcw vxq vc

nucaf {wkm n Mnxnnb -n{ qcw {nq! pmgo av a{ {wxxcwofao` qcwx pmclg xgla`acw{ nkvauavq3 [c qcw pall mnug

vc vnig hnki qcwx pcxf nof n`xgg vmnv nll Hafnm{ nxg ocv Mnxnnb hwv colq vmc{g, pmakm kcovxnfakv pavm vmg

Iavnnh nof [woonm/

;/>/8 [GKCOF CHJGKVACO

-a! Vmc{g vmao`{ pmakm nxg aoocunvgf ao vmg vabg ce vmg [nmnhn, vmg Vnhg'ggo nof Vnhg Vnhg'ggo nxg ocv

Hafnm{ hwv vmgq nxg [woonm{/ N Mnfavm ao vmg hcciBa{minnv -Hnhwl A'va{nnb! {nq{, (Av a{ ogkg{{nxq wtco

qcw vc klao` co vc bq [woonm nof vmg [woonm ce vmg ecwx Xa`mvlq"@wafgf Knlatm{/( Ao vma{ Mnfavm vmg

nkvaco{ ce vmg ecwx Xa`mvlq"@wafgf Knlatm{ v mnug hggo bgovacogf n{ [woonm nof pg mnug hggokcbbnofgf vc ecllcp vmgb, {c vmgax nkvaco{ knoocv hg knllgf n Hafnm hwv vmgq nxg [woonm/

-aaa!(Bq Wbbnm pall hg fauafgf aovc {gugovq"vmxgg `xcwt{, nll ce vmgb pall hg ao Mgll, g}kgtv cog/( Vmg


22/33

xg{tgkvgf [nmnhn v go~waxgf ce vmg `xcwt pmakm `xcwt pall hg ao Tnxnfa{g, vmg xgtlq knbg, (Vmnv wtco

pmakm A nof bq [nmnhn nxg/( Excb vma{ pg {gg vmnv vc ecllcp vmg xg{tgkvgf [nmnhn v pall lgnf vc {nlunvaconof vmnv a{ pmq vmgax aoocunvaco{ nxg ocv Hafnm{ hwv [woonm{/

-au! Vmg hcciBa{minnv -Hnhwl Enznalw{ [nmnhn! mn{ vmg Mnfavm, pmakm {nq{, (Bq [nmnhn nxg laig {vnx{

pmcb{cgugx qcw ecllcp qcw pall hg xa`mvlq `wafgf/( Gugo excb vma{ pg {gg vmnv vc ecllcp vmg xg{tgkvgf

[nmnhn v pall lgnf cog vc vmg xa`mv `wafnokg, vmw{ vmg nkvaco{ aoocunvgf ao vmgax n`g pall ocv hg knllgf

Hafnm{ hwv [woonm{ hgknw{g n Hafnm a{ fglwfao` nof ba{lgnfao` nof vmg xg{tgkvgf [nmnhn v nxg vmg bc{vxa`mvlq `wafgf nof mnug hggo txcvgkvgf excb fglw{aco/

NO[PGX VC [GKCOF CHJGKVACO

Gugo vma{ chjgkvaco a{ hn{glg{{/ Pg fgeaogf Hafnm n{ ~wcvao` excb vmg hcci{ Bax~nnv nof N{ma'nvwl

Lnb'nnv vmnv av a{ vmnv aoocunvaco pmakm knbg nevgx vmg hlg{{gf n`g ce vmg Txctmgv x nof ocv ao vmg n`g ce

vmg [nmnhn v cx vmg Vnhg'ggo v/

[gkcoflq, ao vmg hcciBa{minnv, Hnhwl ^aqnb [mnmx"Xnbnfnno, av a{ pxavvgo vmnv Mnfxnv Wbnx v cxfgxgfecx vmg kco`xg`nvaco ao Vnxnpggm txnqgx{ fwxao` ma{ Knlatmnvg nof co {ggao` vmg kco`xg`nvaco xgbnxigf,

(Vma{ a{ n ugxq oakg Hafnm/( Mnfxnv Wbnxv knllgf ma{ cpo nkvaco n oakg Hafnm/

kcbtalg vmg Mclq ^wxno a{ n Hafnm, hwv av a{ n oakg Hafnm {mcp{ vmnv vmg aoocunvaco{ ce vmg [nmnhn v nxg


23/33

Hafnm Mn{non/

-a! Ao vmg chjgkvaco, vma{ Mnfavm a{ ~wcvgf, (Av a{ ogkg{{nxq wtco qcw vc klao` vc bq [woonm nof vmg [woonmce vmg Ecwx Xa`mvlq"@wafgf Knlatm{/( Vmg nkv{ nof vmg {vnvgbgov{ ce vmg Ecwx Xa`mvlq"@wafgf Knlatm{ vmnug hggo bgovacogf n{ [woonm ao vma{ Mnfavm/ Hwv [woonm mgxg bgno{ vnxa~n -bcfg, bnoogx!,

laigpa{g vmg Mnfavm pmakm {nq{, (Pmc{cgugx {gv{ n `ccf [woonm ao A{lnb pall hg xgpnxfgf ecx av ///( {mcp{

vmnv [woonm bgno{ n bcfg/ Gugo vmg Mclq ^wxno {nq{:

Vma{ a{ Nllnm'{ bgvmcf pmakm mnvm gugx vnigo

kcwx{g ecx Ma{ hcof{bgo/ -nl"Bcbao: =7!

nof

-[wkm pn{ ^wx! bgvmcf ao vmg kn{g ce vmc{g pmcb

Pg {gov hgecxg vmgg -vc bnoiaof!, nof vmcw pall ocv

eaof ecx Cwx bgvmcf nw`mv ce tcpgx vc kmno`g/ -Hnoa A{xnggl: 00!

Vmg [woonm ce NllnmQmgxg bgno{ vmg bgvmcf ce NllnmQlaigpa{g vmg [woonm ce Nbhaqn w bgno{ vmg

bgvmcf nof bcfg ce vmg Nbhaqn w/

Wofgx vmg {nbg Mnfavm, (Av a{ ogkg{{nxq wtco qcw vc klao` vc bq [woonm nof vmg [woonm ce vmg Imwlnen"g"

Xn{mafggo/( Vmg hcciN{ma'nvwl Lnb'nnv {nq{: (Vmg [woonm ce vmg Ecwx Xa`mvlq"@wafgf Knlatm{ a{

nkvwnll vmg [woonm c vmg Mcl Txc mgv x hwv hgknw{g av pn{ ocv kcbbco ao vmg Mcl Txc mgv'{ x vabg nof

Eaevmlq, vmg Bwmnfavmggo nof vmg Ew~nmn mnug {naf vmnv vmg pcxi{ ce vmg Imwlnen"g"Xn{mafggo v nxg


24/33

q, ~

nttgofgf vc vmg [woonm, a/g/ vmgq nxg ocv [woonm hwv nxg kcova`wcw{ vc vmg [woonm/ Mnf vmg fggf{ ce vmg

Imwlnen"g"Xn{mafggo v hggo [woonm, vmg [kmclnx{ pcwlf ocv mnug bgovacogf vmg pcxf (kcova`wcw{ vc[woonm/(

Ao vmg hg`aooao` ce vmg hcciOccx"wl"Nopnx, av a{ pxavvgo vmnv: (Vmg nkvaco{ nof {vnvgbgov{ ce vmg [nmnhn

ao bnvvgx{ xglnvgf vc xgn{co nxg hn{gf wtco nonlc`q nof ao bnvvgx{ ocv xglnvgf vc xgn{co vmnv nxg hn{gf co

[woonm/( [c pg {gg vmnv gugxq nkv ce vmg [nmnhn v a{ ocv n [woonm hwv {cbg nkv{ mnug hggo fgfwkvgfvmxcw`m nonlc`q nl{c/

Hwv av a{ {ggblaog{{ nof n {mcp ce xg{tgkv vc xgegx vc vmc{g pmakm mnug hggo aoocunvgf ao vmg vabg ce vmg

[nmnhn v n [woonm ce vmg [nmnhn v nof ocv Hafnm ce vmg [nmnhn v hgknw{g vmg pcxf Hafnm a{ bc{vlq w{gfvc bgno Hafnm [na'qqn -ualg aoocunvaco!/

Vmg hcciN{ma'nvwl Lnb'nnv {nq{ xg`nxfao` vma{: (Gugxq kcbbnof nof fggf ce vmg Imwlnen"g"Xn{mafggo,

gugo vmnv hn{gf co nonlc`q -^aqn{! nof Ajvamnnf a{ ao nkkcxfnokg pavm vmg [woonm ce vmg Mclq Txctmgvxnof vmg pcxf Hafnm {mcwlf ocv hg w{gf ecx vmgb/(

-aa! Vmg Mnfavm, (Vmg hg{v ce bq Wbbnm a{ bq `gogxnvaco vmgo vmc{g og}v vc vmgb, vmgo vmc{g og}v vc

vmgb ///( {mcp{ vmnv ao vmg{g vmxgg `gogxnvaco{ bcxg `ccf fggf{ pall hg kcbbavvgf nof vmg tgctlg pall hg

bcxg xa`mvgcw{ vmno vmg `gogxnvaco vc ecllcp/ Av fcg{o'v bgno vmnv noq aoocunvaco aougovgf ao vma{ n`g pall

hgkcbg n [woonm. [gkcoflq, vmgxg a{ oc bgovaco ce [woonm ao vma{ Mnfavm/

[nmnhn v cog a{ xa`mvlq `wafgf nof vc fa{n`xgg pavm vmgb lgnf{ cog n{vxnq/ Nof vma{ a{ pmnv gugxq Bw{lab

h la H v vm M favm f v vm v f f e vm v f [ m h v a [ m e vm


25/33

hglagug{/ Hwv gugo vmg{g Mnfavm fc ocv txcug vmnv gugxq fggf ce vmg xg{tgkvgf [nmnhn v a{ n [woonm ce vmg

[mnxggnm/ Av kcwlf hg Hafnm Mn{non/ Nof vmc{g Hafnm Mn{non aoocunvgf hq vmg hlg{{gf [nmnhn v {mcwlfhg ecllcpgf hq gugxq Bw{lab/ N Mnfavm ao vmg hcciBa{minnv Hnhwl A'va{nnb {nq{, (Nfmgxg vc vmg [npnnf"

g"Nznb -`xgnv bnjcxavq!/ Pmcgugx a{clnvg{ excb av, a{clnvg{ mab{gle vc Mgll,( nof nl{c (vmnv vmao` pmakm vmg

Bw{lab{ {gg n{ `ccf a{ kco{afgxgf `ccf hq Nllnm Vn'nln nl{c,( nof nl{c (pmcgugx fxaev{ n {tno npnq excb

vmg bnjcxavq pall mnug laevgf vmg xctg ce A{lnb excb ma{ ogki/( NllnmQ{nq{ ao vmg Mclq ^wxno:

(Nof ecllcpgvm cvmgx vmno vmg Hglagugx'{ pnq, pg nttcaov

ecx mab vmnv wovc pmakm mg mab{gle mnvm vwxogf nof g}tc{g

mab wovc Mgll " n mntlg{{ jcwxogq'{ gof/( -nl"Oa{nn: >>7!

Excb vmg{g Nqnv{ nof Mnfavm{ pg {gg vmnv av a{ vmg fwvq ce gugxq Bw{lab vc {vaki vc vmg tnvm ecllcpgf hq

vmg bnjcxavq ce vmg Bw{lab bn{{ -[npnnf"g"Nznb! nof pmcgugx fxaev{ npnq excb av pall mnug fxaevgf

mab{gle vcpnxf{ Mgll/

Hwv av a{ ocv ogkg{{nxq vmnv gugxq ogp vmao` aoocunvgf hq vmg Bw{lab{ a{ n [woonm/ Av pall hg n Hafnm "

Hafnm Mn{non -{cwof aoocunvaco!/

Jw{v n{ vmg aoocunvaco{ ce vmg [nmnhn v nxg knllgf [woonm"g"[nmnhn v, laigpa{g vmg aoocunvaco{ ce vmg [nlne"g"[nlamggo {mcwlf hg knllgf [woonm ce vmg [nlne -nttxcugf bcfg ce vmg [nlne!/

; 8 KCOKLW[ACO

(C qcw pmc hglagug n{i ocv ce vmg vmao`{ pmakm ae


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C qcw pmc hglagug, n{i ocv ce vmg vmao`{ pmakm ae

fa{klc{gf vc qcw bnq noocq qcw, nof ae qcw n{i vmgb

pmalg vmg ^wxno a{ hgao` xgugnlgf, vmgq pall hg fa{klc{gf

vc qcw, Nllnm mn{ tnxfcogf vmnv, nof Nllnm a{

Cev"Ecx`auao`, Bc{v Ecxhgnxao`/( -nl"Bnafnm:>4>!

Excb vma{ hlg{{gf Nqnm pg {gg vmnv nll vmc{g vmao`{ nhcwv pmakm oc kcbbnof cx txcmahavacomn{ kcbg mnug hggo tnxfcogf/ Vmnv a{ pmq vmg Mclq ^wxno {nq{ xg`nxfao` vmc{g pcbgo pavmpmcb Oainm a{ txcmahavgf:

(Lnpewl wovc vmgg nxg nll hgqcof vmc{g bgovacogf/(

nof av {nq{,

(Pmalg mg mn{ {wxglq bgov acogf vc qcw ao fgvnal pmnv mg

mn{ ecxhaffgo qcw/(

Pg {gg vmnv nll vmao`{ ao `gogxnl nxg tgxba{{ahlg g}kgtv vmc{g, pmakm mnug hggo ecxhaffgo ao vmg Mclq


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Vmg hcci[mnnba -Ucl/ >, Iavnhwv"Vnmnxnv wofgx vmg fgeaoavaco ce [woonm! {nq{: (Nkkcxfao` vc vmg

Mnonea{ nof vmg [mnea'a{ vma{ a{ vmg nkkgtvgf txaokatlg vmnv vmg cxaào ce gugxq nkvaco a{ tgxba{{ahlg/( Gugo

ao vmg hcci{ ce Vne{ggx {wkm n{ Imnzao, Xwmccl Hnqno nof Imnzn'aowl Axenno av a{ pxavvgo vmg {nbg vmnv

vmg cxaào ce gugxqvmao` a{ tgxba{{ahlg wolg{{ av mn{ hggo bnfg abtgxba{{ahlg hq vmg Mclq ^wxno/

[cbg tgctlg n{i vma{ ~wg{vaco " ([mcp w{ pmgxg av a{ pxavvgo vmnv Bgglnf [mnxgge a{ tgxba{{ahlg cx vmnv vmg

Mclq Txctmgvx gugx tgxecxbgf vmg Bgglnf cx vmg xg{tgkvgf [nmnhn vcx vmg Vnhg'ggo v tgxecxbgf av3( Vma{~wg{vaco a{ fgkgauao` nof ba{`wafao`/ Av a{ wtco vmc{g pmc {nq vmnv Bgglnf a{ Mnxnnb vc {mcp w{ pmakm

Nqnm cx Mnfavm mn{ txcmahavgf Bgglnf nof vc hxao` w{ vmg guafgokg, pmakm {wttcxv{ vmgax pcxf{/

Mcp kno vmgq {nq {cbgvmao` vc hg Mnxnnb nof vmnv vcc, Bgglnf [mnxgge pmgxgao vmg txna{g{ ce vmg

Hglcugf Txctmgv xnxg {wo` nof ma{ hlg{{gf hac`xntmq nof nkvaco{ nxg bgovacogf vc exg{mgo vmg baof{ nof

àug knlbog{{ vc vmg {cwl pmgo NllnmQmn{ ocv bnfg av Mnxnnb ocx mn{ noq Mnfavm kcbg ao av'{txcmahavaco3

Vmg Mclq ^wxno'{ {algokg co vma{ {whjgkv nof vmg Mnfavm ocv mnuao` noqvmao` n`nao{v av aofaknvg vmnv Bgglnf

[mnxgge a{ tgxba{{ahlg/

NllnmQ{nq{ ao vmg Mclq ^wxno:

([nq: A eaof ocv pmakm a{ xgugnlgf wovc bg nw`mv

mn{ hxcw`mv ecxvm ecx ma{ hcofbgo nof vmg vmao`{ klgno


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nof twxg -pmakm mg mn{ txcuafgf! ecx {w{vgonokg3(-nl"Nxne:;8!

Vma{ txcug{ vmnv ocv vc `gv noq aofaknvaco vcpnxf{ n vmao`'{ abtgxba{{ahalavq a{ gocw`m n{ guafgokg ecx av vc

hg tgxba{{ahlg/

WBFNVWL NL"[NLAI " XGLANOKG CE VMG VXNUGLLGX " HQ NMBNF AHO ON^AH NL"

BA[XA -[GKVACO P81/4!

Ao la`mv ce vmg Txctmgvak Mnfavm: ( /// Hgpnxg ce bnvvgx{ ogplq hg`wo, ecx gugxq bnvvgx ogplq hg`wo a{

aoocunvaco, gugxq aoocunvaco a{ ba{`wafnokg, nof gugxq ba{`wafnokg a{ ao mgll/(

Vmg fa{kw{{aco kgovxg{ nxcwof vmxgg tcaov{:"

>/ [kmclnx{ {nq vmnv vmg nhcug Mnfavm fcg{ ocv xgegx vc nll vmg ogp vmao`{ pavmcwv xg{vxakvaco{, hwv colq vc

vmc{g, pmakm ocvmao` ao [nkxgf Lnp nvvg{v{ vc vmg unlafavq ce/ Vmg w{g ce vmg pcxf gugxq ao vmg Mnfavm fcg{

ocv aofaknvg no nh{clwvg `gogxnlaznvaco, ecx vmgxg nxg bnoq g}nbtlg{ ce {abalnx `gogxnlaznvaco{ ao vmg

^wxno nof [woon vmnv nxg ocv nttlaknvaco pavmcwv xg{vxakvaco, hwv xnvmgx nxg ~wnlaeagf hq xg{vxakvaco{ ecwof

ao cvmgx txabnxq vg}vwnl guafgokg/

8/ Vmg [woonm nof vmg pnq ce vmg Txctmgv x pn{ vc nkkgtv ogp nkv{ aoavanvgf ao A{lnb vmnv pgxg ce vmg `ccfnof faf ocv kcoelakv pavm g{vnhla{mgf txaokatlg{ ce [nkxgf Lnp, nof vc xgjgkv vmao`{ vmnv pgxg cvmgxpa{g/

;/ Ogp bnvvgx{ ao A{lnb bnq ocv hg xgjgkvgf bgxglq hgknw{g vmgq faf ocv g}a{v ao vmg eax{v kgovwxq, hwv bw{v

hg gunlwnvgf nof jwf`gf nkkcxfao` vc vmg kcbtxgmgo{aug bgvmcfclc`q ce [nkxgf Lnp, hq uaxvwg ce pmakm

av a{ nof xgbnao{ vmg eaonl nof woaugx{nl bcxnl kcfg ce nll gc lg{ woval vmg gof ce vabg

bgnoao`, (Fa{vnokg qcwx{glug{ nof hg pnxq ce bnvvgx{ ogplq aoocunvgf vmnv faf ocv txguacw{lq g}a{v,( a/g/


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vmao`{ aougovgf ao A{lnb vmnv kcovxnugog vmg [nkxgf Lnp,

ecx gugxq aoocunvaco a{ ba{`wafnokg

bgnoao` vmnv gugxq aoocunvaco a{ vmg cttc{avg ce vmg vxwvm, a/g/ enl{gmccf, n Mnfavm vmnv mn{hggo xglnvgf gl{gpmgxg n{:

ecx gugxq bnvvgx ogplq hg`wo a{ aoocunvaco, gugxq aoocunvaco a{ ba{`wafnokg, nof gugxq ba{`wafnokg

a{ ao mgll/

bgnoao` vmnv gugxqcog pmc a{ ba{`wafgf, pmgvmgx vmxcw`m mab{gle cx hq ecllcpao` nocvmgx, a{ ao Mgll, vmgMnfavm xgegxxao` vc bnvvgx{ vmnv nxg ocv `ccf aoocunvaco{ pavm n hn{a{ ao [nkxgf Lnp/


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Vmg Abnb Nmbgf Xnzn Nknfgbqa{ no cx`noa{nvaco vmnv pn{ g{vnhla{mgf co vmg 7vm ce Jwlq >1=5->645 N/M/! ao [cwvm Nexakn pavm vmg {clg twxtc{g ce {gxuao` vmg Bw{labkcbbwoavq nof vctxcuafg{cbg ecxb ce nknfgbak nof {taxavwnl faxgkvaco vc vmg Bw{lab{/

Vmg cx`noa{nvaco mn{ hggo onbgf nevgx vmg `xgnvBw{lab {kmclnx nof [naov,Abnb Nmbgf Xnzn Imno

Hnxgaluav,pmc laugf ao Aofan hgvpggo >=75 nof >18>, nof pn{ tctwlnxlq iocpo n{ (Nln Mnfxnv( ao vmg

A{lnbak pcxlf/Nln Mnfxnv Abnb Nmbgf Xnzn Nl"^nnfaxa v nkmagugf vmg {vnvw{ ce n ugx{nvalg {kmclnx nofchvnaogf n ma`m fa{vaokvaco ao cugx 74 hxnokmg{ ce lgnxoao`/ Co ma{ ua{av vc Bniinvwl Bwinxxnbnm nof

Bnfaonvwl Bwonppnxnm,Abnb Nmbgf Xnzn Nl"^nnfaxav pn{ vxgnvgf pavm `xgnv faòavq nof pn{ kcoegxxgfvmg vavlg ce(Abnb"g"Nmlg"[woonm( hq gbaogov Wlgbn/ Mg pn{ nl{c mnalgf n{ vmgBwjnffafcx Xguaunla{v ce

vmg Kgovwxq/ Mg nkvgf n{ n {maglf n`nao{v vmc{g pmc pnovgf vc n{{nwlv vmg txaokatlg{ ce vmgNmlg [woonm Pn

Jnbnnm/

N{ n fgucwv [wea,Nln Mnfxnv Abnb Nmbgf Xnznvpn{ npnxfgf vmgAjnnznm nof Imalnenv-Kgxvaeaknvg ce[taxavwnl [wkkg{{cx{mat! ao vmg ^nnfgxaqn[al{aln -Cxfgx!, n{ pgll n{ ao >; cvmgx hxnokmg{ ce[wea{b/ N{ no

nwvmcx,Abnb Nmbgf Xnzn Imno Nl"^nnfaxavmn{ lgev vc ma{ kxgfav bcxg vmno n > 444 hcci{ co 74 faeegxgov{whjgkv{ xnoào` excb Vne{ggx, Lcàk, @xnbbnx, Lavgxnvwxg, A{lnbak Jwxa{txwfgokg, Gfwknvaco, [ckaclc`q,

N{vxcocbq, Bnvmgbnvak{, Tmq{ak{, Ma{vcxq, [kagokg ce Ma{vcxq, Goàoggxao`, Hac`xntmag{, Tmalc{ctmq,

Bq{vaka{b vc Tgx{ano,Nxnhak, Wxfw nofMaofa Lavgxnvwxg/

Vmg igq nab ce vmgAbnb Nmbgf Xnzn Nknfgbq a{ vc txcbcvg nof txctn`nvg vmg vgnkmao`{ ce vmgNmlg

[woonm Pn Jnbnnm/Ao cxfgx vc nkmagug vma{ igq chjgkvaug pg mnug fgfaknvgf cwx{glug{ vc vxno{lnvg,

kcbtalg, twhla{m nof fa{vxahwvg w{gewl A{lnbak lavgxnvwxg, hcci{, bn`nzaog{, hxckmwxg{, tgxacfaknl{,

lnqao` gbtmn{a{ co vmg twhlaknvaco ce[wooalavgxnvwxg ecx vmg kcbbwoavq nof mnug vmw{ enx vccwx kxgfav n xg`wlnx ogp{lgvvgx Xnzn nof owbgxcw{ vavlg{ ce nwvmgovak [wooahcci{, nof pg


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pall, Ao{mn"Nllnm, hg nffao` bcxg vavlg{ gnkm qgnx/ Pg mnug nlxgnfq fg{aògf n {gv cebnfxg{{nvg}vhcci{ vmnv nxg hgao` abtlgbgovgf lcknllq nof, pg nxg txcwf vc nff vmnv vmg{g vg}vhcci{mnug `naogf aovgxonvaconl xgtwvg/ Pg mnug nl{c fguglctgf n pgh {avg -ppp/xnzn/kc/zn! pmakm a{

ma`mlq aoecxbnvaco hn{gf nof a{ kcovaownllq hgao` wtfnvgf/

Pg oggf qcwx mglt ocv colq vc xgvnao hwv txcbcvg cwxNmlg [woonmN~nnafnv n vabg pmgo pg nxg

{wxxcwofgf nof hcbhnxfgf hq oco"[wooa twhlaknvaco{, pmakm mnug kcxxwtvgf cwxN~ggfn nof mnug bnfg

fggt aoxcnf{ ao vmg baof{ ce vmg qcwvm/ Nll {wkm nkvauavag{ aoA{lnb vmnv mglt{ ao txcbcvaoÀ{lnb kco{vavwvg

no nkv ceJamnfecx pmakm vmgxg pall hg no gocxbcw{ xgpnxf/ Vmg kglghxnvgf [naov,Mnfxnv [mgaim [axxa[n~vav {naf, Vmnv tgx{co kno ogugx hgkcbg tgxegkv woval mg fcg{ ocv àug txgegxgokg vc Fggo cugx ma{tgx{conl fg{axg{/

VmgAbnb Nmbgf Xnzn Nknfgbq a{ no cx`noa{nvaco vmnv xglag{ {clglq co vmg n{{a{vnokg nof Pn{aln ce[nqqafwon Xn{cclwllnm xnof vmg Ewqccz nofHnxninnvce vmgNplaqnNllnm, nof vmg {wttcxv ce cwx pgll"pa{mgx{/ Cwx ua{aco ecx vmg ewvwxg nof cwx fgfaknvaco vc vmg ba{{aco ceNln Mnfxnv Abnb Nmbgf Xnzn Nl"

^nnfaxa v mn{ n {aòaeaknov kcovxahwvaco vc hg bnfg lcknllq nof ao vmg pcxlf " n pcxlf ao pmakm, pg txnq,vmnv [wooaA{lnb fcbaonvg{/Ao{mn"Nllnm.

@gogxnl [gkxgvnxq
http://www.raza.co.za/http://www.raza.co.za/


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