What is baby bottle caries and its difference with rampant caries?

What is baby bottle caries and its difference with rampant caries?WhatCauses food source, bacteria associationOther risk factorsDevelopment stagesCharacteristics clinically

1What is dental caries?WHO Definition:Localized post eruptive pathological process of external origin involving softening of the hard tissue and proceeding to the formation of cavityIn simple words:breakdown of teeth due to the activities of bacteriaAlso known as tooth decay

What is Baby Bottle Caries?A unique pattern of dental carriesAffect only young children with primary teethan infectious diseaseDue to prolonged & improper feeding habitsHas lot of names:Nursing bottle cariesBaby bottle tooth decayNursing bottle syndromeMilk bottle syndromeEarly childhood caries - ECCLatest name is Maternally Derived Streptococcus Mutans Disease Aka MDSMD

3Causes of MDSMDMicroorganismsEarly colonization by Streptococcus mutans produce organic acids demineralization of enamelTransmitted primarily through motherDietaryProlonged exposure to caries promoting sugarsSucrose, glucose, fructose contained in fruit juices and infant formula preparations.Readily mentabolized by S. mutansUse of nursing bottles and pacifiersenhanced the frequency of exposureMain food products:Milk formulas, human breast milk, honey, water with added sugar

Developmental processPathogenesis:Primary infection by S. mutansFrequent and prolonged exposure to caries-promoting sugarsAccumulation of S. mutans to pathogenic levelIncrease in acid concentration intra orallyRapid demineralization of enamelStages:Initial (reversible)-white chalky demineralizationDamaged (carious)-caries extends into dentin, marked discolouration is seenDeep Lesions-reached in 10-14 monthsTraumatic-teeth fractured cervically (weakest point)5Developmental process

6Clinical FeaturesIntra-oral decay pattern: (in sequence)Maxillary central incisorsMaxillary lateral incisorsMaxillary first molars- easily recognizedMaxillary canine and second molarsNote:Primary maxillary incisors are first to be affectedAll surfaces of teeth are affected: facial, lingual, mesial, distal, occlusalMandibular incisors are not affected Why? Protected by mechanical cleansing of tongueCleansing action of saliva - presence of the orifice of the duct of sublingual glands close to it Clinical Features

It is very obvious to be recognized

MDSMD vs Rampant cariesMDSMDRampantA type of rampant cariesMultiple active carious lesionsInvolving surfaces of teeth that are usually caries-free Infants & toddlersAgeAny agePrimaryDentitionBoth primary & secondaryMaxillary incisors most affectedMandibular incisors least affectedCharacteristicsNo specific teethAll teeth are equally involvedRampant caries: Classification based on progression10What are the dietary modifications required in order to prevent baby bottle caries?Prevention?11Dietary ModificationDont put a child to sleep with bottle containing:MilkFormulaFruit juicesSweetened liquidWorst scenario acids can attack the tooth the whole nightMake sure baby dont fall asleep while breast feeding or with pacifiers in the mouthMake a habit to feed them with plain water in these timesAfter feeding, wipe babys gum with a clean clothAs first tooth erupted, begin brushing using waterReferenceJ. Berkowitz, Robert. 'Causes, Treatment And Prevention Of Early Childhood Caries: A Microbiologic Perspective'. Journal of Canadian Dental Association 69(5):3047 (2003): n. pag. Web. 28 June 2015.Juniordentist.com,. 'Differences Between Nursing Bottle Caries And Rampant Caries'. N.p., 2015. Web. 28 June 2015.Namita, and Rita Rai. 'Adolescent Rampant Caries'. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 3.5 (2012): 122. Web. 28 June 2015.Kidd, Edwina A. M, and Sally Joyston-Bechal. Essentials Of Dental Caries. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Print.