WELL-BEING AS AN INDICATOR: A MARINE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION
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Transcript of WELL-BEING AS AN INDICATOR: A MARINE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION
WELL-BEING AS AN INDICATOR: WELL-BEING AS AN INDICATOR: A MARINE RESOURCE A MARINE RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONMANAGEMENT APPLICATION
Courtland SMITH - Oregon State UniversityCourtland SMITH - Oregon State UniversityPatricia M. CLAY - NOAA FisheriesPatricia M. CLAY - NOAA Fisheries
AAA Meetings, November 2007
http://margaux.grandvinum.se/SebTest/wvs/articles/folder_published/article_base_56
Ingelhart & Klingemann 2000:168
Well-beingempty zone
Ingelhart & Klingemann 2000:176
0
5
10
15
20
25
Least Most
Life Satisfaction
Perc
ent
Life Satisfaction from World Values Survey, n= 42,601 (Inglehart et al. 1998:34)
Skew = -0.65
(van Praag and Ferrer-I-Carbonell 2004:45)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
General Satisfaction
Perc
ent
E German
W German
SkewE Germany -0.50W Germany -1.00
Income distributions Oregon, Clatsop & Lincoln counties, Astoria, Newport, & Coquille Tribe
Source: city & county US Census & survey
Oregon 1.171.17
Astoria 1.201.20
Clatsop 1.231.23
Newport 1.381.38
Lincoln 1.381.38
Coquille 1.451.45
Skew
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
<15 15-25 25-35 35-50 50-75 >75
Income
Perc
ent
Oregon
Astoria
Clatsop
Newport
Lincoln
Coquille
Coquille
Oregon
1994 data from National Opinion Research Center (1999), n= 2627, Question 157, range 0 to 4, not too happy to very happy, US population averaged by income class, <10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, >75k, correlation is 0.20.
(Easterlin 2001:468)0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0 20 40 60 80 100
Income
Hap
pine
ss
Hi subjectiveHi subjectiveLo objectiveLo objective
Hi subjectiveHi subjectiveHi objectiveHi objective
Lo subjectiveLo subjectiveLo objectiveLo objective
Lo subjectiveLo subjectiveHi objectiveHi objective
Objective, etic, material well-being
Subj
ectiv
e, e
mic
, per
ceiv
ed w
ell-b
eing
Direction of improving well-being
lo
hi
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Material Well-being
Qua
lity
of L
ife
Mill Workers
US
Fishermen
1976
1971
1966
Point Judith, Rhode Island mill worker/fisher comparison (Poggie and Gersuny 1974)
Deckhand
The Nova Scotia offshore fishery (Binkley 1995:9, 75)
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 1 2 3 4 5
Income
Self-
Act
ualiz
atio
n
Midshore and trawlers differ significantly at p<0.01. Captain and crew differ at p<0.05
Crew Captain
Trawler
Midshore
1
2
3
4
5
1 2 3 4 5
Survival/Security
Self-
actu
aliz
atio
n Bay
Oyster
Clam
Scallop
Dragger
Longline
Six New Jersey gear types (Gatewood and McCay 1990:21)
No significantdifference existsbetween the six gear groups
Aftermath of the1994 Coho Closure
(Smith and Gilden 2000; Smith et al. 2000; Gilden and Smith 1996 a, b)
Oregon Troll
OR and WA Gillnet
Troll 0.110.11
Gillnet 0.680.68
Overall satisfactionskew
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
much worse worse no change better much better
Overall Satisfaction
Perc
ent
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
much worse worse no change better much better
Overall Satisfaction
Perc
ent
Gilden and Smith 1996a, b
Am Indians
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Income Ratio
Satis
fact
ion
Watershed Coordinators Students Lawyers
Trollers
Gillnetters
Tribe
Comparisons with trollers and gilllnetters in Gilden and Smith (1996a, b)
Differences with trollers and gillnetters are significant at p<0.01
Self-Actualization/Identity
Belonging/Place
Physiological/Basic needs/Occupation
+
-
Wikipedia
Factor analysis, commercial fishers, charter boat operators, and fish plant workers, Petersburg and Craig, Alaska, n=135 (Pollnac and Poggie 2006:332)
Pollnac and Poggie 2006:334-335
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Basic Needs
Self
Actu
aliz
atio
n Commercial
Craig
Petersburg
Processor
Charter
Differences are significant at p<0.02, except for commercial and Craig
Factor analysis commercial and recreational fishermen, n=1336 (Smith 1981:186)
Smith 1981:186-188
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Occupation
Iden
tity
>5 MT Troll
Commercial
<1 MT Troll
Recreation
Angler
Differences between recreation and commercial are significant at p<0.001
ConclusionsConclusionsObjective-etic-material vs subjective-emic-perceptual comparisons are Objective-etic-material vs subjective-emic-perceptual comparisons are supported in numerous studiessupported in numerous studiesExtensive subjective anthropological research on fishing groups, Extensive subjective anthropological research on fishing groups, objective well-being less measuredobjective well-being less measuredLack comparison with non-fishers and across timeLack comparison with non-fishers and across timeBetter sampling and common measures are neededBetter sampling and common measures are neededIndividual data lacking, little recognition that objective, material Individual data lacking, little recognition that objective, material distributions are positively skewed and subjective, perceptual ones are distributions are positively skewed and subjective, perceptual ones are negatively skewednegatively skewedFishing groups more often in high objective and high subjective Fishing groups more often in high objective and high subjective quadrantquadrantPowerlessness from being managed or controlled lowers the Powerlessness from being managed or controlled lowers the subjective well-being measuresubjective well-being measure
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
NOAA Fisheries (NMFS), Office of Science and NOAA Fisheries (NMFS), Office of Science and TechnologyTechnologyNOAA Office of Sea Grant, Oregon Sea Grant NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Oregon Sea Grant ProgramProgramReview by Fred SerchukReview by Fred Serchuk