WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and Parameter Configuration Guidance-20050316-A-1.0

Product name Confidentiality levelWCDMA RNP For internal use onlyProduct version

Total 69 pagesV100R001

WCDMA Power Control Algorithm

Analysis and Parameter Configuration

Guidance

Prepared by URNP-SANA Date 2003-12-04

Reviewed by Date

Reviewed by Date

Approved by Date

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All rights reserved

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

Parameter Configuration Guidance Confidential

Revision Record

Date Revision version Description Author

2003-12-15 0.01 Initial transmittal Jin Yu

2005-03-16- 1.00 Revision based on review comments Jin Yu

2004-06-01 Confidential of 69



Table of Contents

1 Overview..................................................................................................................................82 Analysis on Power Control Management Principle and Protocol............................................82.1 Basic Principle of Power Control.......................................................................................8

2.1.1 Power Control Methods for Various Physical Channels..............................................82.1.2 Open Loop Power Control...........................................................................................92.1.3 Fast Power Control......................................................................................................92.1.4 Outer Loop Power Control.........................................................................................102.1.5 Slow Power Control...................................................................................................13

2.2 Protocol Analysis of Power Control Process...................................................................132.2.1 Open Loop Power Control of PRACH........................................................................13

2.2.1.1 PRACH Preamble Initial Value Setting...................................................................132.2.1.2 PRACH Power Control Sequence...........................................................................14

2.2.2 Open Loop Power Control of Uplink DPCCH............................................................142.2.3 Power Control of Uplink Dedicated Channel DPCCH and DPDCH...........................14

2.2.3.1 Basic process of uplink power control....................................................................142.2.3.2 Processing in case of out-of- sync..........................................................................152.2.3.3 Generation methods of downlink TPC command during RL initialization..........152.2.3.4 Algorithm 1 and Algorithm 2 for power control......................................................162.2.3.5 Power increment calculation of uplink DPCCH channel......................................172.2.3.6 Transmit Power of Control Channel and Data Channel.......................................182.2.3.7 Power Control in Compressed Mode......................................................................20

2.2.4 Power Control of Downlink Private Channel DPCH...................................................242.2.4.1 Basic process of downlink power control...............................................................242.2.4.2 Calculation of the power of the current timeslot....................................................252.2.4.3 Downlink Power Balance..........................................................................................262.2.4.4 Power Control in Compressed Mode......................................................................27

2.2.5 Power Configuration of Other Channels....................................................................292.2.5.1 Channels with power configured at the beginning of cell setup..........................292.2.5.2 Channels with power configured during common channel configuration..........30

2.2.6 Synchronization and Out-of-sync Processes.............................................................302.2.6.1 Initial synchronization and out-of-sync process of the downlink.........................302.2.6.2 Uplink initial synchronization and out-of-sync process.........................................322.2.6.3 Parameters involved in synchronization and out-of-sync....................................34

3 Power Management Parameters...........................................................................................353.1 UE Power Management Parameter.................................................................................38

3.1.1 Power Offset Pp-m.....................................................................................................383.1.2 Constant Value...........................................................................................................393.1.3 PRACH Power Ramp Step........................................................................................393.1.4 Preamble Retrans Max..............................................................................................403.1.5 Preamble Threshold...................................................................................................403.1.6 DPCCH Power Offset (MP)........................................................................................413.1.7 PC Preamble (MP).....................................................................................................423.1.8 SRB Delay (MP).........................................................................................................433.1.9 Gain Factors and , Reference TFC ID.............................................................433.1.10 Power Control Algorithm (MP)..........................................................................463.1.11 TPC Step Size..................................................................................................473.1.12 DPC Mode (MP)...............................................................................................483.1.13 Maximum Allowed UL Tx Power (MP)..............................................................49

3.2 NodeB Power Management Parameter...........................................................................503.2.1 DL TPC Pattern 01 Count..........................................................................................503.2.2 PO1 (MP)...................................................................................................................50




3.2.3 PO2 (MP)...................................................................................................................523.2.4 PO3 (MP)...................................................................................................................523.2.5 FDD TPC DL StepSize (OP)......................................................................................533.2.6 Limited Power Increase.............................................................................................533.2.7 Power_Raise_Limit....................................................................................................543.2.8 DL Power Averaging Window Size............................................................................553.2.9 DL Power Balance Switch..........................................................................................553.2.10 Inner Loop DL PC Status..................................................................................563.2.11 Initial DL transmission Powers.........................................................................563.2.12 Maximum Uplink SIR........................................................................................573.2.13 Minimum Uplink SIR.........................................................................................583.2.14 UL SIR Targets.................................................................................................593.2.15 Maximum DL Tx Power....................................................................................603.2.16 Minimum DL Tx Power.....................................................................................633.2.17 Primary CPICH Power......................................................................................63

3.3 Others..............................................................................................................................643.3.1 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Period (SirAdjustPeriod)..............................643.3.2 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Step (SirAdjustStep)....................................643.3.3 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Factor (SirAdjustFactor)...............................653.3.4 Maximum SIR StepUp (MaxSirStepUp).....................................................................653.3.5 Maximum SIR StepDown (MaxSirStepDown)...........................................................653.3.6 BLERtarget.................................................................................................................663.3.7 In-Synchronization Threshold Qin..............................................................................663.3.8 Out-of-sync Threshold Qout.......................................................................................67

4 Appendix: Power Management Parameter Calculation.........................................................68




List of Tables

Table 1 Power control methods adopted for various physical channels...................................8Table 2 Initial transmission power mode in the compressed mode........................................22Table 3 Recovery period power control under the compressed mode...................................23Table 4 Channels with power configured during cell setup....................................................29Table 5 Channels with power configured during common channel configuration..................30Table 6 Power management parameters (modifiable to network planning engineers)..........35Table 7 Power management parameters (modification by network planning engineers is not recommended)...........................................................................................................................37

Table 8 Gain factor parameter configuration..........................................................................45Table 9 Initial and maximum target SIR value........................................................................58Table 10 Configurations of partial OLPC parameters...............................................................59Table 11 Max. & min. downlink transmission power configuration...........................................60




List of Figures

Figure 1 Frame Format of Downlink Dedicated Channel.........................................................10Figure 2 Fast power control.....................................................................................................11Figure 3 Setting of target SIR...................................................................................................11Figure 4 Outer loop power control process of uplink dedicated channel.................................12Figure 5 PRACH power control sequence...............................................................................14Figure 6 Basic flow of uplink power control..............................................................................15Figure 7 Power control process of downlink dedicated channel..............................................25Figure 8 NodeB radio link set states conversion diagram........................................................33




Error: Reference source not found

Key words: WCDMA, power control, parameter configuration

Abstract: This describes WCDMA power control algorithm principle and the relating parameters setting.

List of abbreviations:

Abbreviations Full spelling




1 Overview

In WCDMA, power control strategies that combine open-loop power control and closed-

loop power control 、 fast power control and slow power control are adopted, which can well

overcome the influences of unfavorable factors such as fast fading on radio channels to

guarantee the transmission quality of radio channels.

This document contains two parts. The first part (Section 2) describes the power control

process principle and the relevant protocols, and the second part (Section 3) summarizes the

configuration methods and configuration values of parameters involved in power control and

briefly describes the meaning of each parameter and algorithms.

This document is suitable for network planning engineers to study, and can be used as

field operation guidance after the parts about algorithms and parameter configuration are

properly deleted.

2 Analysis on Power Control Management Principle and Protocol

*Note: The content of this section is described in detail in [4].

2.1 Basic Principle of Power Control

2.1.1 Power Control Methods for Various Physical Channels

See the following table:

Table 1 Power control methods adopted for various physical channels

Physical

channel

Open loop

power control

Inner loop

power

control

Outer loop

power

control

Slow power

control

No power control process, power is specified by upper layers.

DPDCH X X

DPCCH X X X

PCCPCH X

SCCPCH X

PRACH X

PDSCH X X

PCPCH X X

AICH X

PICH X

AP-AICH X




CSICH X

CD/CA-ICH X

2.1.2 Open Loop Power Control

For an uplink channel, the UE estimates the power loss of signals on the propagation

path by measuring the downlink channel signals, and then identifies the transmission power

of the uplink channel. This power control method is rather inaccurate, because under the

FDD mode, fast fading of the uplink channel has nothing to do with fast fading of the

downlink channel, but in the range of a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually

more serious than that caused by propagation loss. Therefore, open loop power control is

applied only at the beginning of connection setup, generally in setting the initial power value.

For a downlink channel, the network side sets the initial value of the transmission power

of the downlink channel according to the UE measurement report.

2.1.3 Fast Power Control

Fast power control is a kind of closed-loop power control, which is described

below through the example of fast power control of uplink channel.

After NodeB receives a signal from the UE, it estimates the signal-to-

interference ratio (SIR) of this signal at the receiver end. Then, NodeB compares the

signal-to-interference ratio with the preset target signal-to-interference ratio

(SIRtarget). If the received signal-to-interference ratio is smaller than target signal-to-

interference ratio, NodeB will inform the UE through the downlink dedicated control

channel to increase the transmitting power; on the contrary, if the received signal-to-

noise ratio is greater than target signal-to-interference ratio, NodeB will inform the

UE through downlink dedicated control channel to decrease transmitting power. The

whole control process is equivalent to a negative feedback process, which can make

the signal-to-interference ratio of the received signal fluctuate near the target signal-

to-interference ratio.

The fast power control process of the downlink channel is the same with that of

the uplink channel, but the start points are different. Power control of the uplink

channel is mainly to overcome the near-far effect. A downlink channel does not have

the problem of near-far effect, and downlink channel power control is to overcome

Rayleigh fading and the interferences of adjacent cells.

In the dedicated control channel (DPCCH), each timeslot has its power control

part (TPC). In WCDMA, the frame duration of a physical frame is 10ms, and each




physical frame has 15 timeslots, so the maximum rate of power control is 1.5 KHz

(the frame format of the downlink dedicated channel is shown is Figure 1.). For a UE

moving at a medium or slow speed, this rate is greater than the Rayleigh fading rate,

so the transmission power can be well adjusted.

Figure 1 Frame Format of Downlink Dedicated Channel

The above-mentioned power control is inner loop power control, which is directly

implemented at the physical layer. From the hardware point of view, it is

implemented by NodeB and UE together, and RNC is not involved.

2.1.4 Outer Loop Power Control

The purpose of inner loop power control of the WCDMA system is to maintain a

certain signal-to-interference ratio of transmission signal power when the signals

reach the receiving end. However, in different multi-path environments, even if the

mean signal-to-interference ratio is kept above a certain threshold, it is likely that the

communication quality requirement (BER or FER or BLER) is not satisfied. So a kind

of outer loop power control mechanism is required to adjust the threshold of inner

loop power control dynamically in order to meet the communication quality

requirement. Through the estimation of signal bit error rate (BER) or block error rate

(BLER), the upper layer of RNC or UE adjusts the target signal-to-interference ratio

(SIRtarget) in fast power control to accomplish the goal of power control. Since this

kind of power control is accomplished through upper layer, it is called outer loop

power control. When the quality of the received signals becomes bad (that is, bit

error rate or block error rate increase), the upper layer will increase the target signal-

to-interference ratio (SIRtarget) to improve the quality of received signals.




Figure 2 Fast power control

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of downlink power control. Inner loop power

control is accomplished between BS and UE. The RNC implements outer loop power

control by setting BS target signal-to-interference ratio. The reason to use outer loop

power control is that signal quality will be different in different environments when the

signal-to-interference ratio is the same. For instance, under the same signal-to-

interference ratio, the faster the UE moves, the worse the signal quality will be. As

shown in Figure 3, generally, when mobile stands are still, the target signal-to-

interference ratio is the lowest.

Figure 3 Setting of target SIR

Note that in soft handover, the signal quality used by RNC as the basis is the

signal quality after the signal combination of each path in macro diversity. Because

of the existence of macro diversity, the final signal quality can be seen only in RNC.

Therefore, it is necessary for RNC to participate in outer loop power control. The

following figure is the schematic diagram of uplink power control, where the principle




of outer loop power control can be seen. The frequency of outer loop control is 10

to100HZ, and the specific value depends on the data block adopted in the channel

quality estimation.

Figure 4 Outer loop power control process of uplink

dedicated channel

Currently, the outer loop power control algorithm adopted in our system is based on

BLER when it is not DXT. The control method is:

Suppose that the mean value of BLER is BLERmean(n+1) over the (n+1) th adjustment

period of outer loop power control, the target SIR value obtained in the (n+1)th cycle will be:

Where, BLERtar is the target BLER value; stepdown is the adjustment step of outer loop

power control (the decrease step of the target signal-to-interference ratio when the error block

is 0); factor is the adjustment factor of the outer loop power control. Those parameters can be

adjusted on the field, and they are configurable algorithm parameters.

In an SIR adjustment conversation, the adjustment amplitude should not be too big. The

increase amplitude should be smaller than or equal to the maximum stepup (MaxSirStepUp)

and the decrease amplitude should be smaller than or equal to maximum stepdown

(MaxSirStepDown). In connection admission, the maximum and minimum target SIR values




will be given, and the actual target SIR value should be within the maximum and minimum

ranges.

When the actual SIR is higher than the target SIR value without convergence,

do not further decrease the target SIR value; when the actual SIR is lower than the

target SIR value without convergence, do not further increase the target SIR value.

Returning

2.1.5 Slow Power Control

Slow power control is the content in R4, which will not be described in this

document. The following is just an overview.

The typical application of slow power control is network browsing. At this time,

downlink sends large quantity of data packets, while uplink has only a few data such

as ACK. When slow power control is adopted, commands are sent from the network

side at first and are verified at the UE side. When UE is not in the soft handover

state, usually, fast closed loop power control will stop, and the slow power control

system will start. Under this mode, UE sends PCR (Power Control Ratio) on DPCCH

at the interval of TRINT. When UE has not any information, the uplink transportation

will be stopped, and it will be resumed when UE sends PCR. NodeB identifies the

downlink DPCCH/DPDCH transmission power according to PCR reported by UE.

After the uplink transportation is paused, TPC commands of downlink DPCCH

are all in dummy state, and filled with “1”. UE sends dummy timeslot composed of

only DPCCH before radio frames composed of DPDCH and DPCCH. The dummy

timeslot is NDS, and the TPC command in dummy timeslot contains only “1”s.

2.2 Protocol Analysis of Power Control Process

2.2.1 Open Loop Power Control of PRACH

2.2.1.1 PRACH Preamble Initial Value Setting

The initial value of PRACH power is set through outer loop power control. UE

operation steps are as follows:

1. Read IE “Primary CPICH DL TX power” and “UL interference” and “Constant

value” from system information.

2. Measure the value of CPICH_RSCP;

3. Calculate the initial value of PRACH preamble according to the following

formula:




Preamble_Initial_Power = Primary CPICH DL TX power - CPICH_RSCP + UL

interference + Constant Value

The power control of the information part of PRACH has the following

characteristics: the values of c and d are configured by the upper layer. The ratio

between the control part and the data part is the same as for the uplink channel.

PRACH does not involve inner loop power control.

2.2.1.2 PRACH Power Control Sequence

Figure 5 PRACH power control sequence

The figure above is the time sequence diagram for control part of PRACH. The

relation between the data part power and control part power in messages is

described in the previous section.

The parameters in the figure, such as Power Ramp Step and Pp-m are configured

by the RRC layer of UE. The calculation of Preamble_Initial_power value is

described in the previous section.

Returning

2.2.2 Open Loop Power Control of Uplink DPCCH

UE calculates the initial power of uplink DPCCH according to the received IE

“DPCCH_Power_offset” and the measured value of CPICH_RSCP.

DPCCH_Initial_power = DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP

2.2.3 Power Control of Uplink Dedicated Channel DPCCH and DPDCH

2.2.3.1 Basic process of uplink power control

The basic flow of uplink inner loop power control is shown in the following figure:




Figure 6 Basic flow of uplink power control

2.2.3.2 Processing in case of out-of- sync

160ms after physical channel setup, UE controls its uplink transmission

according to the estimation results of downlink DPCCH quality:

- If the UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the previous 160 ms period to be

worse than the out-of-sync threshold Qout, the UE should switch off its transmitter.

- If the UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the previous 160 ms period to be

better than the synchronization threshold Qin, the UE will switch on its transmitter.

After resumption of transmission, the power of DPCCH should be consistent with

that before the UE switches off its transmitter.

2.2.3.3 Generation methods of downlink TPC command during RL initialization

When commanded by higher layers the TPC commands sent on a downlink radio link

from Node Bs that have not yet achieved uplink synchronisation shall follow a pattern as

follows:

If higher layers indicate by "First RLS indicator" that the radio link is part of the first

radio link set sent to the UE and the value 'n' obtained from the parameter "DL TPC pattern

01 count" passed by higher layers is different from 0 then :

- the TPC pattern shall consist of n instances of the pair of TPC commands ("0" ,"1"),

followed by one instance of TPC command "1", where ("0","1") indicates the TPC

commands to be transmitted in 2 consecutive slots,




- the TPC pattern continuously repeat but shall be forcibly re-started at the beginning of

each frame where CFN mod 4 = 0.

Else

- The TPC pattern shall consist only of TPC commands "1".

- The TPC pattern shall terminate once uplink synchronisation is achieve.

Returning

2.2.3.4 Algorithm 1 and Algorithm 2 for power control

a) Algorithm 1:

If soft handover does not exist and there is only one TPC command, then, when

TPC Command = 0, TPC _cmd = -1; when TPC Command = 1, TPC_cmd =1.

When a UE is in soft handover, there are two steps. The first step: Combine

TPC commands of RLs belonging to the same RLS (Radio Link Set) (The TPC

commands of all RLs in the same RLS are the same). If there are N PLSs, make soft

decision for all the received TPCis (I = 1, 2…..N), and obtain the corresponding Wi.

Then obtain the value of TPC_cmd by means of the following formula:

TPC_cmd W1, W2, ......WN

Where, the final value of TPC_cmd is 1 or -1.

is the user-defined function by the user. The protocol has only three limits on

this function, as follows:

1) When the probability that TPC command is 0 and the probability that TPC

command is 1 are the same, the probability that TPC_cmd value is 1 should be

greater than and equal to 1/(2N), while the probability that TPC_cmd value is -1

should be greater than and equal to 1/2;

2) When all TPC commands = 1, TPC_cmd = 1;

3) When all TPC commands = 0, TPC_cmd = -1.

b) Algorithm 2:

Perform a power adjustment every 5 timeslots (Divide each frame equally into 3

segments to obtain 5 timeslots each segment.)

If soft handover does not exist and there is only one TPC command:

1) For the first 4 slots of a set, TPC_cmd = 0.

2) For the fifth slot of a set, the UE uses hard decisions on each of the 5




received TPC commands as follows:

If all 5 hard decisions within a set are 1 then TPC_cmd = 1 in the 5th slot;

If all 5 hard decisions within a set are 0 then TPC_cmd = -1 in the 5th slot;

Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0 in the 5th slot.

If soft handover exists, there are two steps. The first step: Combine TPC

Commands of RLs belonging to the same RLS (Radio Link Set) (The TPC

commands of all RLs in the same RLS are the same). If there are N PLSs, each

timeslot can obtain TPCi (I = 1, 2…..N). Divide each frame equally into 3 segments

for each RLS by means of the previously mentioned method to obtain 5 timeslots

each segment, and then make the decision. Finally, TPC_cmd (obtained from the

previous four timeslots) = 0. In the fifth timeslot, suppose that the decision result of

each RLS is TPC_tempi (i = 1, 2……N), for the previous 4 timeslots, all the

TPC_tempi values = 0. TPC_cmd is obtained with the following function:

TPC_cmd5 thslot TPC_tmp1, TPC_tmp2, ......TPC_tmpN

Where is defined as:

1N

i1

NTPC_temp i 0.5时,TPC_cmd 1

1N

i1

NTPC_temp i 0.5时, TPC_cmd 1

In other cases, TPC_cmd = 0.

Returning

2.2.3.5 Power increment calculation of uplink DPCCH channel

a) DPCCH preamble

At the beginning of DPCCH setup, the initial value of DPCCH is obtained

through the outer loop power control. The initial value of DPCCH is as follows:

DPCCH_Initial_power = DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP

Where, the value of DPCCH_Power_offset is configured by RNC to UE at the

beginning of RRC connection setup, and the value of CPICH_RSCP is obtained from

the measurement of the pilot signal by UE itself.

At the beginning of the dedicated channel setup, there are only DPCCHs in the

uplink dedicated channel but there is no DPDCH. DPCCH during this time is called

UL DPCCH power control preamble. The specific length of a preamble is 0 to 7

frames. It is set on UE by the RRC protocol and the parameter name is PC 2004-06-01 Confidential of 69



Preamble.

In addition, during this period of time, only the above-mentioned Algorithm 1 can

be adopted for power control.

After the initial value is set, the change of DPCCH power is determined by the

following equation:

DPCCH TPC TPC_cmd

Where, the value of TPC is configured by the RRC protocol at the beginning of

link setup, and the name of IE is “TPC step size”. The value of TPC_cmd has been

obtained in Step 3.

b) Power control after preamble

The change of DPCCH power hereafter is as follows:

DPCCH TPC TPC_cmd

However, the algorithm of power control can be Algorithm 1 or Algorithm 2. At

the beginning of link setup, the specific algorithm is given by IE “Power Control

Algorithm” in RRC protocol.

Returning

2.2.3.6 Transmit Power of Control Channel and Data Channel

The size of the transmission power of the control channel and the data channel

depends on the preset power gain rate and the specified maximum and minimum

output power. When DPCCH power is identified, DPDCH power can be obtained

with power gain rate. The power gain rate is defined as follows:

Aj d

c

Where, c and d are the gain factors of DPCCH and DPDCH respectively. c

and d can be obtained through two methods: One is that RNC configures directly

UE through RRC protocol (Signalled Gain Factors), and the corresponding IEs are

“Gain Factor c” and “Gain Factor d”; the other method is to obtain c and d

(Computed Gain Factors) of the current TFC with c and d of the reference TFC.

As a service can have multi TFCs, for the second method, as long as c and d of a

certain TFC are known, c and d of other TFCs can be obtained.

For a connection, these two methods can be used in combination. If the upper

layer has configured a gain factor on a certain TFC, adopt Method 1; if the upper




layer has not configured any gain factor on a certain TFC, adopt Method 2. (The IDs

of the reference TFCs are set through IE “Reference TFC ID”)

The detailed content of Method 2 is described as follows:

Suppose that the referenced TFC has Lref DPCCH channels. The jth TFC has Lj

DPDCH channels (According to 25.211, for multi-code transmission, the maximum

number of DPDCHs is 6). c,ref and d,ref are the gain factors of the reference TFCs,

and c,j and d,j are the gain factors of the jth TFC. RMi is rate matching parameter of

channel i (Semi-static rate matching attribute). N i is the number of bits in each block

of the radio frame in the transmission channel.

The definitions of the variables:

Kref i

RMi N i

K j i

RMi N i

For the jth TFC, the power gain Aj is:

For multi-code transmission, the more the channels, the smaller the power ratio

of DPDCH and DPCCH. Because DPCCH is transmitted over only one channel,

while the data on DPDCH can be transmitted on multi channels, so the power of a

single DPDCH shall reduce. The greater the K j is, the higher the bit rate in each

transmission channel is, and the higher the required power of DPDCH is. This is the

only way to ensure that the bit error rate is kept at the original level.

After the transmission power of DPCCH and DPDCH is obtained, compare the

total transmission power of these two channels with the maximum allowed power of

the UE. The maximum allowed power of the UE is the maximum transmission power

supported by the UE itself or the maximum transmission power of the UE configured

by UTRAN, whichever is smaller (refer to IE “Maximum allowed UL Tx power” in

RRC protocol).

If the calculated total power of DPCCH and DPDCH exceeds the maximum

allowed transmission power of the UE, reduce the total power of DPCCH and

DPDCH to the maximum allowed transmission power of the UE, and keep the power

ratio between DPCCH and DPDCH unchanged at the same time.

In addition, when the calculated total power is smaller than the minimum transmission

power specified in 25.101, reduce the total power below the minimum transmission power or

reduce it only to the specified minimum transmission power, and keep the power ratio 2004-06-01 Confidential of 69



between DPCCH and DPDCH unchanged at the same time. There are two conditions for this

adjustment process: One is that the total power should be smaller than or equal to the

transmission power of the previous timeslot. The other one is that the adjustment amplitude

of the total power should not be greater than the calculated value.

After the power adjustment, the obtained transmission power should be the actual

transmission power of uplink dedicated channel.

Returning

2.2.3.7 Power Control in Compressed Mode

In the compressed mode, some compressed frames include transmission gaps.

Compared with the description in the previous section, the uplink power control at

this time adopts the power control algorithm parameters and step TPC set by the same

UTRAN. However it has some additional characteristics: it enables the signal-to-

interference ratio (SIR) to restore and get close to the target SIR after each

transmission gap.

The service cell (located in the activation concentrated cell) estimates the

received signal-to-interference ratio of the uplink DPCH. For the downlink non-

transmission gap timeslot, the TPC command is generated according to SIRest and

the following rules: If SIRest > SIRcm_target, set the TPC command as “0”; If SIRest <

SIRcm_target, set the TPC command as “1”. The TPC command is sent once at a

timeslot.

SIRcm_target is the target SIR in the compressed mode and it should satisfy the

following formula:

SIRcm_target = SIRtarget + PILOT + SIR1_coding + SIR2_coding

Where, SIR1_coding and SIR2_coding are obtained from DeltaSIR1,

DeltaSIR2, DeltaSIRafter1 and DeltaSIRafter2 configured by the upper layer

signaling.

- SIR1_coding=DeltaSIR1: The first transmission gap in the transmission gap

mode is located in the current uplink frame;

SIR1_coding=DeltaSIRafter1: The current frame is located behind the

corresponding radio frame of the first transmission gap in the transmission gap

mode;

- SIR2_coding=DeltaSIR2: The second transmission gap in the transmission

gap mode is located in the current uplink frame;

- SIR2_coding=DeltaSIRafter2: The current frame is located behind the 2004-06-01 Confidential of 69



corresponding radio frame of the second transmission gap in the transmission gap

mode;

- SIR1_coding and SIR2_coding are 0, other cases.

PILOT is defined as follows:

If multiple compressed modes are used simultaneously, carry out the calculation

respectively for each compressed mode, and then accumulate all the SIR1_coding

and SIR2_coding values.

In the compressed mode, the compressed frames may occur in both the uplink

and the downlink. In the uplink compressed frames, both the uplink DPDCH and

DPCCH will be closed.

Since transmission gaps exist in compressed frames, the downlink may lack

TPC commands. In this case, the corresponding TPC_cmd will be set as 0. The

number of pilots of compressed frames and non-compressed frames of the uplink

DPCCH may be different at each timeslot. In order to compensate the change of the

total pilot symbol power, it is necessary to change the transmission power of the

uplink DPCCH. Therefore, at the beginning of each timeslot, UE will calculate the

power adjustment quantity PILOT.

If the number of pilots of the uplink DPCCH at each timeslot is different from that

transmitted in the previous timeslot, PILOT (dB) is: PILOT = 10Log10 (Npilot,prev/Npilot,curr).

Where, Npilot, prev is the number of pilots in the previous timeslot and Npilot, curr is the pilot

number at the current timeslot; otherwise, PILOT equals to 0 (including the

transmission gap at downlink).

Unless otherwise specified, the UE will adjust the transmission power of the

uplink DPCCH at each timeslot in the compressed mode, and the adjustment step

DPCCH (dB) is:

DPCCH = TPC TPC_cmd + PILOT.

The transmission power of the uplink DPCCH at the first timeslot after the

transmission gap is adjusted according to the transmission power at the latest

timeslot, and the adjustment step DPCCH (dB) is:

DPCCH = RESUME + PILOT.

Where, the value of RESUME (dB) is determined by the UE according to the initial

transmission power mode (ITP). ITP is a specific parameter of the UE. The network




layer determines ITP according to the compressed mode and informs the UE about it

through signaling. The relations between ITP and RESUME are shown in the following

table.

Table 2 Initial transmission power mode in the compressed mode

ITP RESUME

0 RESUME = TPC X TPC_cmdgap

1 RESUME = last

In the uplink transmission gaps, TPC_cmdgap is the TPC command of the uplink

transmission gaps. The calculation method is as follows:

- If the corresponding downlink timeslot of the first uplink transmission timeslot

has sent the TPC command, TPC_cmdgap equals to the TPC_cmd obtained at this

timeslot.

- Otherwise, TPC_cmdgap equals to 0.

If last equals to the value of the last I calculated, i will be substituted according

to the following recursion relation:

ii

scTPCiii kcmdTPC

1

1 _96875.09375.0

This process is implemented in all timeslots where uplink DPCCH and downlink

TPC commands exist at the same time. It is also implemented in the first timeslot (If

there is downlink command under this timeslot) of the uplink transmission gap.

Where, TPC_cmdi is the power control command deduced at the current

timeslot for the UE. If the previous timeslot is as described in 5.1.2.6 of TS25.214,

and an additional proportion factor is adopted for the current timeslot, Ksc=0;

otherwise Ksc=1.

i-1 is the i value obtained at the previous timeslot. When the uplink DPCCH is

active, its initial value is 0, and it is reset to zero at the end of the first timeslot after

each uplink and downlink transmission gap. i is reset to zero at the end of the first

timeslot after each uplink transmission gap.

The period from an uplink or downlink transmission gap till the uplink/ downlink

DPCCH resumes transmission is called recovery period. The length of the recovery

period RPL, in units of timeslots, and its value is equal to min {transmission gap

length, 7}. If the next transmission gap starts before RPL timeslots, the recovery




period ends when the next transmission gap starts, and RPL value will decrease

accordingly.

During the recovery period, there are two modes for the power control

algorithms (RPP). The signaling determines which mode will be adopted. These

modes are list in the following table.

Table 3 Recovery period power control under the compressed mode

Power Control Mode during

Recovery Period

Description

0 The transmission power control algorithm to be used is determined based

on the PCA value, and the adjustment step is TPC.

1 Power control Algorithm 1 is used for RPL timeslots after each

transmission gap, and the step is RP-TPC.

When RPP is 0, the adjustment step of the entire recovery period remains

unchanged, the normal transmission power control is adopted, and TPC command

processing algorithm is determined by PCA.

When RPP is 1, whatever the PCA value is, algorithm 1 is adopted for power

control of all RPL timeslots after each transmission gap, and the adjustment step is

RP-TPC, instead of TPC. In the recovery period timeslots after the transmission gap

(except the first timeslot after the transmission gap), the change of the uplink

DPCCH transmission power is given by the following formula:

DPCCH = RP-TPC TPC_cmd + PILOT

Where, RP-TPC is called recovery period power control step, in the unit of dB, and

its value is:

- If PCA is 1, RP-TPC = min {2TPCdB};

- If PCA is 2, RP-TPC = 1dB.

After the recovery period, the normal power control is recovered. PCA

determines which algorithm should be used, and the power adjustment step is TPC.

When PCA is 2, the timeslot set for TPC command processing remains aligned

with the frame header of the compressed frames. No matter the RPP value is 0 or 1,

if the transmission gap or the recovery period causes failure of TPC command

processing, the TPC_CMD values of the timeslots which have not completed

commands processing will all be 0.

Under the compressed mode, the setting method of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH

power difference is as follows:




The gain factor of corresponding to a certain TFC in the compressed frame can

be obtained through calculation of the power ratios corresponding to this TFC in the

normal frame. Suppose that Aj is the power ratio corresponding to the jth TFC in the

normal frame, c,C,j and d,C,j are the gain factors corresponding to this TFC in the

compressed frame. AC,j can be obtained through the following formula:

AC,j d,j

c,j

15 Npilot,C

Nslots,C Npilot,N

Where, Npilot,C is the number of pilot bits contained in each timeslot in the

compressed frame, Npilot,N is the number of pilot bits contained in each timeslot in the

normal frame and Nslots,C is the number of timeslots contained in the compressed

frame that is used to send data.

The gain factor corresponding to the jth TFC in the compressed frame can be

obtained as follows:

- If Aj ＞1, it will result that d,C,j 1.0. Use the maximum value of the quantized

with which c,C,j can satisfy the condition of c,C,j 1/AC,j . Since c,C,j cannot be 0, if the

above-mentioned approximation causes c,C,j to be 0, make c,C,j be equal to one-fifth of the

minimum quantized level (refer to TS 25.213).

- If Aj ≤ 1, it will result that c,C,j 1.0, then take the minimum value of the quantized

with which d,C,j can satisfy the condition of d,C,j AC,j .

Returning

2.2.4 Power Control of Downlink Private Channel DPCH

2.2.4.1 Basic process of downlink power control

The basic flow of the downlink power control is shown in the following diagram,

which involves only inner loop power control. Outer loop power control is

implemented inside the UE, and it is the same as uplink outer loop power control in

theory, but there is no description about it in 25 Series Protocol.

Note: The power of the upper layer is the sum of powers of all diversities. For




instance, if there are totally two transmission antennae, the transmission power of

the upper layer configuration is the sum of the transmission powers of the two

transmission antennae.

Figure 7 Power control process of downlink dedicated

channel

2.2.4.2 Calculation of the power of the current timeslot

After estimating the k:th TPC command, UTRAN shall adjust the current

downlink power P(k-1) [dB] to a new power P(k) [dB] according to the following

formula:

Pk Pk 1 PTPCk Pbalk

Where, P (k-1) is the power of the previous timeslot, PTPC (k) is the adjusted value of

inner loop power control and Pbal (k) is the correction value.

The calculation of PTPC (k) is as follows:

If the value of Limited Power Increase Used parameter is 'Not used', then:

0)(TPCifΔ

1)(TPCifΔ)(P

estTPC

estTPCTPC k

kk

If the value of Limited Power Increase Used parameter is 'Used':

0)(TPC if

e_LimitPower_Rais)( and 1)(TPC if

e_LimitPower_Rais)( and 1)(TPC if

0)(

est

est

est

k

kk

kk

kP TPCsum

TPCsum

TPC

TPC

TPC

Where,

Thus the power increase can be controlled to a certain extent.

Where, the values of Power_Raise_Limit and DL_power_averaging_window_size are

set by RNC through NBAP protocol when the cell is set up. They are uniform in the whole

cell. The value of TPC is set through IE “FDD TPC DL Step Size”. Power_Raise_Limit is

the upper limit of power increase within the specified time.

DL_power_averaging_window_size specifies the number of timeslots during this time.

The calculation of Pbalk is described in 8.3.7.2 of 25.433 and the following

section “Downlink Power Control Balance”




Returning

2.2.4.3 Downlink Power Balance

Downlink power balance (DPB) is mainly to resist the power offset between different

downlink radio links caused by TPC bit errors during soft handover, and the power offset will

be more serious when the downlink uses fast power control. When downlink power balance

is enabled, SRNC can request all NodeBs in the active set to transmit the same power or to

keep a certain deviation between them, so as to ensure the power balance between the

downlink radio links in the active set.

For convenience of description, the adjustment formula of the downlink power control is

repeated below:

Pk Pk 1 PTPCk Pbalk

Where, Pbal (k) [dB] is the correction implemented to balance the power of each

downlink radio link to a common reference power value.

The protocol has the following limits for Pbalk:

))(1( initCPICHPrefbal PPPrP with an accuracy of 0.5 Db

- Pbal is the sum of all Pbalk values in an adjustment period, and Pbalk is the

balance correction value at a certain timeslot. The adjustment period length is given by IE

“Adjustment Period”, in the unit of frame. The value range is 1 to 256 (namely the time is

10ms to 2560ms) and the specific value is set by RNC through NBAP protocol.

- The value of r is given by IE “Adjustment Ratio”.

- P-CPICH is the transmission power of the main CPICH channel.

- Pinit is the power at the last timeslot of the previous adjustment period.

- The value of Pref is defined as follows:

-- When the value of IE “Power Adjustment Type” is “Common”, there is only one

Pref, and the value of Pref is the value in IE “DL Reference Power (Common)”. NodeB will

adjust the power of all the radio links relative to IE “NodeB Communication Context”.

-- When the value of IE “Power Adjustment Type” is “Individual”, there is an

individual Pref for each radio link. In the messages, different “RL IDs” correspond to different

“DL Reference Powers”.

-- When the value of IE “Power Adjustment Type” is “None”, all radio links relative

to this UE will stop power adjustment. Within an adjustment period, the adjustment range

should not exceed the value given by IE “Max Adjustment Step” (maximum DPB adjustment




step), and should be limited by the maximum downlink transmission power.

When downlink power balance is enabled, in the report by the UE of power

measurement of each downlink radio link in the active set, suppose that the power

corresponding to the radio link set with maximum power is Pmax and the power

corresponding to the radio link set with minimum power is Pmin, then the downlink

power balance process will be activated when the following condition is satisfied:

The power balance process will stop when the following condition is satisfied:

Where, StartDPBTh is the threshold that triggers the DPB process, and

StopDPBTh is the threshold that stops the DPB process.

The reference downlink power Pref is obtained through the following formula:

Where, PCPICHmax is the PCPICH power corresponding to Pmac, PCPICHmin

is the PCPICH power corresponding to Pmin, and is the “maximum power ratio” of

the OMC parameter of the RNC maintenance console.

Returning

2.2.4.4 Power Control in Compressed Mode

The purpose of the downlink power control in the compressed mode is to

recover the SIR after the transmission gap to the target SIR.

In the compressed mode, the UE behaves the same as in the normal mode.

In the compressed mode, it is likely that compressed frames occur in either the

uplink or downlink, or occur in both the uplink and downlink at the same time. In the

transmission gap of the compressed frames, both the downlink DPDCH and DPCCH

stop transmission.

The transmission power of the first timeslot after the DPCCH transmission gap

is equal to the power of that timeslot before that transmission gap.

In the compressed mode, for each timeslot except the downlink transmission

gap, UTRAN will estimate the Kth TPC command according to the following formula

and will adjust the current downlink power P (k-1) to a new power P (k):

P (k) = P (k - 1) + PTPC (k) + PSIR (k) + Pbal (k)

Where, PTPC (k) is the adjustment size of the k th power in the inner loop power




control process, PSIR (k) is the adjustment size caused by the change of the downlink

target SIR, and Pbal (k) [dB] is the correction value obtained according to the

downlink power control process after the radio link power is balanced to a common

reference power. For the power balance and control processes, refer to the

description in TS 25.433. An example of Pbal (k) calculation is given in Appendix B.3

in TS25.214.

Since the transmission gap exists in the uplink compressed frame, the uplink is

lack of TPC commands. If no TPC command has been received, set the PTPC (k)

educed by NodeB to 0. Otherwise, the PTPC (k) is calculated by means of the

calculation method for the normal mode, but STEP is used instead of TPC.

For the RPL timeslots after transmission gap, the power control step STEP = RP-

TPC; in other cases,STEP=TPC. Where,

- RPL is the recovery period length, expressed in timeslot.

- RP-TPCis the recovery period power control step, expressed in dB, equal to

min {3dB, 2TPC}.

The power difference PSIR (k) = Pcurr - Pprev, where, Pcurr is the P of the current

timeslot, and Pprev isthe P of the previous timeslot. The calculation process of P is

as follows:

P = max (P1_compression, ..., Pn_compression) + P1_coding +

P2_coding

Where, n isthe number of TTIs with different lengths in all TrCHs included in

CCTrch. P1_coding and P2_coding are obtained through DeltaSIR1, DeltaSIR2,

DeltaSIRafter1 and DeltaSIRafter2 notified by the upper layer.

- P1_coding=DeltaSIR1, the first transmission gap in the transmission gap


- P1_coding=DeltaSIRafter1, the current uplink frame is located after the

corresponding radio frame of the first transmission gap in the transmission gap

mode;

- P2_coding=DeltaSIR2, the second transmission gap in the transmission gap


- P2_coding=DeltaSIRafter2, the current uplink frame is located after the

corresponding radio frame of the second transmission gap in the transmission gap

mode;




- P1_coding, P2_coding is 0, other cases.

Pi_compression is defined as follows:

-Pi_compression=3dB, the downlink compressed frame with half of the

spreading factors;

-Pi_compression=10log(15*Fi-TGLi)), in the radio frame TTI with the current

length of Fi, the transmission gap formed by means of perforation, and TGLi is the

gap length.

-Pi_compression=0, other cases.

If multiple compressed modes are adopted, calculate the P in each compressed mode,

and accumulate them.

Returning

2.2.5 Power Configuration of Other Channels

2.2.5.1 Channels with power configured at the beginning of cell setup

The following parameters are included in the message “CELL SETUP

REQUEST”.

Table 4 Channels with power configured during cell setup

Channel Parameter Parameter value Description

Primary CPICH Primary CPICH power Enumerated (-10, .., 50) Granularity 0.1 dB

The reference point is the antenna connector.

Primary SCH Primary SCH Power Enumerated(-35..+15dB)Step 0.1dB

Power offset relative to P-CPICH

Secondary SCH Secondary SCH power

Enumerated(-35..+15dB)Step 0.1dB


Secondary CPICH Secondary CPICH Power

Enumerated(-35..+15dB)Step 0.1dB


Primary CCPCH BCH Power Enumerated(-35..+15dB)Step 0.1dB


2.2.5.2 Channels with power configured during common channel configuration

The following parameters can be configured with the message “COMMON

TRANSPORT CHANNEL SETUP REQUEST” and the message “COMMON

TRANSPORT CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION REQUEST”.

TABLE 5 CHANNELS WITH POWER CONFIGURED DURING COMMON CHANNEL

CONFIGURATION

Channel Parameter Parameter value Description




SCCPCH

Power Offset Information

PO1 INTEGER (0...24)Step 0.25 dB, range 0-6 dB

Power offset of TFCI

PO3 INTEGER (0...24)Step 0.25 dB, range 0-6 dB

Power offset of PILOT

Max FACH PowerEnumerated(-35..+15dB)Step 0.1dB


PCH PowerEnumerated(-35..+15dB)Step 0.1dB


PICH PICH PowerEnumerated(-10..+5dB) Power offset relative to

P-CPICH

AICH AICH PowerInteger(-22..+5)Offset in dB Power offset relative to

P-CPICH

CSICH CSICH PowerInteger(-22..+5)Offset in dB The same type with

AICH

AP-AICH AP-AICH PowerInteger(-22..+5)Offset in dB The same type with

AICH

CD/CA-ICH CD/CA-ICH PowerInteger(-22..+5)Offset in dB The same type with

AICH

2.2.6 Synchronization and Out-of-sync Processes

Synchronization and out-of-sync are closely related to power control. The quality

information used for outer loop power control and the TPC mode adopted for inner

loop power control are related to the current state of synchronization. Therefore, the

synchronization process will be described here.

2.2.6.1 Initial synchronization and out-of-sync process of the downlink

The UE physical layer will measure the synchronization state of the downlink dedicated

channel at each radio frame, and report to the upper layer by means of the primitives “CPHY-

Sync-IND” and “CPHY-Out-of-Sync-IND”.

Judgment criterion of synchronization and out-of-sync

The criterion for reporting synchronization sate is defined as two different

stages.

The first stage begins with the physical dedicated channel initialization by the

upper layer and ends 160ms after the upper layer deems that the downlink

dedicated channel has been set up. During this stage, “out-of-sync” will not be

reported. If the following criterion is met, “synchronization” will be reported in the

primitive “CPHY-Sync-IND”.

(1) The UE estimates within the previous 40ms cycle that the DPCCH quality is

better than a threshold Qin. Before the DPCCH quality measured value of 40ms cycle

has been received, the criterion is considered not met.

The second stage begins 160ms after the upper layer deems that the downlink

dedicated channel has been set up. During this stage, synchronization and out-of-




sync will be reported as follows.

If either of the following conditions is met, the UE will report “out-of-sync” by

means of the primitive CPHY-Out-of-Sync-IND:

(1) The DPCCH signal quality at the previous 160ms is smaller than a threshold

Qout.

(2) In the 20 transmission blocks of TrCH recently received adopting non-zero length

CRCs, all CRCs are incorrect. In addition, during the previous 160ms, the CRC checks of all

the transmission blocks adopting non-zero length CRCs are incorrect. In this case, this

condition is considered to be met. If TFCI is not adopted, for the transmission channels not

using boot test (if non-zero length CCRC is not used in any TF of the transmission channels),

this criterion is not used (that is, out-of-sync will not be reported). If transmission blocks with

non-zero length CRCs have not been received within the previous 160ms, the out-of-sync

primitive will not be reported.

Once the UE judges that the out-of-sync criterion is met, it will switch off the

transmitter within 40ms to stop signal transmission. Reason: If the downlink is out of sync,

the uplink timing relation cannot be identified; in this case, if the uplink goes on transmitting

signals, the only result is increase of network interference, and NodeB may fail to receive the

uplink DPCH channel properly.

If both of the following conditions are met at the same time, the UE will report

“synchronization” by means of the primitive CPHY-Sync-IND:

(1) The DPCCH signal quality at the previous 160ms is greater than a threshold

Qin. Qin is defined in [2].

(2) In a TTI that ends at the current frame, at least one transmission block attached with

non-zero length CRC has received the correct CRC; or not transmission block has been

received, or no transmission block is attached with non-zero length CRC in a TTI of that ends

at the current frame, or at one transmission block attached with non-zero length CRC has

received the correct CRC within the previous 160ms. In these cases, this condition is

considered to be met. If TFCI is not used, this criterion will not apply to transmission

channels not using boot test (If non-zero length CCRC is not used in any TFCI of the

transmission channels).

Once the UE deems that synchronization criterion is met, it will switch on the

transmitter within 40ms to transmit signals again.

2.2.6.1.1 Downlink synchronization and out-of-sync

In the downlink message “RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP” received by the UE,




there is a parameter “activation time”. This parameter is used to notify the RRC layer

of the UE when to set up the downlink dedicated physical channel at Layer 1 of the

UE. After the UE has received RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP, the RRC layer of the

UE will inform Layer 1 of the UE at the time specified by this parameter to set up the

downlink dedicated physical channel. After the downlink dedicated physical channel

setup is initialized by the UE, the UE starts a timer T312. Meanwhile, Layer 1 of the

UE starts the downlink synchronization and reports the synchronization primitive to

the RRC layer of the UE. When the RRC layer of the UE receives N312 successive

synchronization primitives and T312 does not expire, it is considered that downlink is

synchronized; otherwise it is considered that the downlink is not synchronized.

According to the principle of setting up dedicated physical channel specified in

Protocol 25.331, it is considered that the downlink dedicated physical channel has

been set up only when the RRC layer of the UE deems that the downlink has been

synchronized. Then the UE notifies Layer 1 to start a timer, counting 160ms. Within

this period of time, L1 can only report the synchronization primitive and cannot report

the out-of-sync primitive (For the judgment criterion of synchronization during this

time, refer to the following Criterion 1). L1 of the UE can report the synchronization

primitive or the out-of-sync primitive according to the method specified in Protocol

25.214 only 160ms after the dedicated physical channel is set up (Refer to Criterion

2 described above).

After the initial synchronization, the UE will perform synchronization/out-of-sync

judgment according to the criterion provided in Protocol 25.214. Here, the flowing

three timers, T313, N313 and N315 will be used again. When the UE upper layer

detects N313 successive “Out of sync” indications from L1, it will start T313. During

the timing process, if the UE detects N315 successive “in sync” indications from L1,

it will stop and clear this timer. Otherwise, the timer will expire, and the upper layer

will deem that the downlink radio link is out of sync.

2.2.6.2 Uplink initial synchronization and out-of-sync process

The uplink synchronization/out-of-sync is judged by NodeB. It is required to

detect the synchronization state of the entire uplink radio link set on each radio

frame. There is only one synchronization state for each radio link set. In NodeB,

each radio link set can migrates between the three states: initial state, in-sync state

and out-of-sync state, as shown in the following diagram:




Figure 8 NodeB radio link set states conversion diagram

No specific judgment criterion is directly given in the protocol, which only

recommends that judgment can be carried out based on DPCCH quality estimation

or CRC check.

After the network side receives the Uu interface signaling message

“RRC_CONNECTION_REUQEST” from the UE, it will ask NodeB through the Iub

interface signaling to set up a 3.4K dedicated channel and switch on the

receiver/transmitter. When NodeB sends RL Setup Response, the uplink dedicated

channel setup is completed. Then, NodeB switches on the receiver and keeps

searching dedicated channel. At this time, the UE transmitter has not been switched

on yet (because NodeB downlink does not switch on the transmitter until DCH FP is

synchronized). After the UE obtains the downlink synchronization according to the

downlink initial synchronization process described in the previous section, it switches

on the transmitter after a 1024-chip delay. NodeB judges the frame quality based on

the uplink DPCCH every 10 ms, and conducts average value statistics on the frame

quality result in continuous 40ms. If it is greater than the synchronization threshold

Qin, it is considered that “In sync” occurs once. When N_INSYNC_IND successive

“in sync” indications are detected, it is considered that the uplink dedicated channel

is in synchronization state. It will reports Radio_Link_Restore to RNC so as to

indicate that the physical layer uplink is in synchronization.

For the in-sync/out-of-sync judgment criterion after synchronization, refer to

2.2.6.1.1. Namely, if the average value of the statistics of the frame quality results

within 160ms from then on (it can be understood as that the window size is 160ms

and the window slides one frame afterward every 10ms) is smaller than the out-of-

sync threshold Qout, it is considered that “out of sync” occurs once. When the UE

detects N_OUTSYNC_IND successive “out of sync” indications, it will switch off the

timer. Otherwise, the timer will expire to report Radio_Link_Failure to RNC to




indicate uplink out-of-sync of the physical layer. After the physical layer receives the

out-of-sync message, it will start another timer to wait for physical layer

synchronization. The judgment process of physical layer synchronization is as

follows: If the UE detects N_INSYNC_IND successive “in sync” indications, it will

report Radio_Link_Restore to RNC so as to indicate that the physical layer is in

synchronization. Then RNC will stop the timer. If the timer expires, RNC will initiate

the link deletion process.

2.2.6.3 Parameters involved in synchronization and out-of-sync

2.2.6.3.1 Synchronization and out-of-sync thresholds

Qin and Qout are the comparison thresholds set for monitoring synchronization.

Qin and Qout are defined in [7] for monitoring downlink synchronization at the UE side.

The shreshold Qout corresponds to a DPCCH quality level. At this quality level, the

TPC command words sent on the downlink DPCCH cannot be received reliably. The

shreshold Qin corresponds to a DPCCH quality level. At this quality level, the TPC

command sent on the downlink DPCCH can be received much more reliably than at

the Qout level.

2.2.6.3.2 T312, N312, T313, N313 and N315

T312: Timer, started when the UE begins to set up dedicated channel, and stopped after

the UE detects N312 successive synchronization reports;

T313: Timer, started after the UE detects N313 successive out-of-sync reports, and

stopped after the UE detects N315 successive synchronization reports;

N312: Maximum times that RRC layer receives the synchronization reports from Layer

1;

N313: Maximum times that RRC layer receives the out-of-sync reports from Layer 1;

N315: Maximum times that RRC layer receives the synchronization reports from Layer

1 when the Timer T313 is activated.

All the parameters above are sent by UTRAN to the UE through SIB1 of BCH.

2.2.6.3.3 T_RLFAILURE, N_OUTSYNC_IND and N_INSYNC_IND

T_RLFAILURE: Timer, started after NodeB detects N_OUTSYNC_IND successive

out-of-sync indications, and stopped after NodeB receives N_INSYNC_IND successive in-

sync indications.

N_INSYNC_IND: Defines the number of successive in-sync indications received by

NodeB, after which RL Restore is started;

N_OUTSYNC_IND: Maximum times of the out-of-sync indication reports before the




Timer T_RLFAILURE is started.

The parameters above are delivered to NodeB by means of the signaling message CELL

SETUP REQUEST during NodeB cell setup process.

3 Power Management Parameters

There are many RRM power management parameters, which exist in multiple IEs of

multiple protocols such as 25.331, 25.423 and 25.433, and involve multiple signaling

systems. For network planning, many parameters should not be modified. In this document,

these parameters are summarized in two tables according to whether modifications are

recommended by the network planning engineers. For parameters not suitable to be adjusted,

the corresponding configuration and operation will not be presented herein.

In following two parameter tables, according to the influence on the uplinks and

downlinks and according to their processing entity (NodeB or the UE), the parameters will be

classified as UE power management parameters and NodeB power management parameters.

Generally, the UE power management parameters are all sent to the UE through the air

interface by UTRAN. After the UE receives these parameters, it can perform uplink power

control according to the commands in these parameters. NodeB power management

parameters are sent to NodeB through the lub interface by the RRM module of the RNC.

According to these parameters, NodeB performs downlink power control.

Table 6 Power management parameters (modifiable to network planning engineers)

No. Parameter Description Parameter configuration

MML commands for modification and query

Whether To be confirmed or modified

UE Power Management Parameters1 Power offset

Pp-mPower offset of the last access preamble and message control part. The power of the control part is the access preamble power plus this value.

Signaling format -3dB,Service format -2dB

Set through ADD PRACHTFC. To modify this parameter, the only way is to delete this PRACH first, and then re-configure it.

Co

2 Constant value

It is the correction constant used for the UE to estimate the initial transmission power of PRACH according to the outer loop power.

-23dB Set through ADD PRACHTFC. To modify this parameter, the only way is to delete this PRACH first, and then re-configure it

Yes

3 PRACH Power Ramp Step

the preamble power ramp step before the UE receives NodeB capture indication

2dB The same as above.

Yes

4 Preamble The maximum preamble 20 The same as Yes




Retrans Max repeat times of the UE within a preamble ramp cycle

above.

5 DPCCH Power offset

This parameter is used to calculate the initial transmission power of the uplink DPCH.

Refer to DPCCH Power offset setting and Appendix

Set through SET FRC, and query through LST FRC.

Yes

6 PC Preamble This parameter defines the lasting time in sending DPCCH before sending the DPDCH.

The configuration is 7 frames; for detailed information, refer to PC Preamble setting

Set through ADD CELLCAC, and modify through MOD CELLCAC.

Co

NodeB Power Management Parameter1 Downlink

Power Balance Switch

Specifies whether to enable downlink power balance.

Active Modify through SET CORRMALGOSWITCH command, and query through LST CORRMALGOSWITCH command.

Yes

2 Maximum Uplink SIR

The maximum target SIR value of the uplink

Add 3dB to the corresponding target SIR value of the target BLER value of a service as the maximum target SIR value. Refer to Maximum Uplink SIR Setting

Modify through MOD TYPRABOLPC, and modification is not supported in B02.

Yes

3 Minimum Uplink SIR

The minimum target SIR value of the uplink

Minimum target SIR value is recommended as -7.3dB, Refer to Minimum Uplink SIR Setting

The same as above.

Yes

4 Maximum DL Tx Power

The maximum transmission power of DPDCH symbol, expressed in a value relative to CPICH.

Refer to Maximum DL Tx Power Setting

Query through LST CELLRLPWR, and modify through MOD CELLRLPWR.

Yes

5 Minimum DL Tx Power

The maximum transmission power level of DPDCH symbol, expressed in a value relative to CPICH.

Refer to Minimum DL Tx Power Setting

The same as above.

Yes

Others1 SIR Adjust

PeriodThe adjustment period of the outer loop power control

40 means 400ms. Query through LST OLPC/*LST TYPRAB, and modify through SET OLPC/*MOD TYPRABOLPC command.

Yes

2 SIR AdjustStep

The adjustment step of the outer loop power control

0.1dB; for services with BLER=0.1%, 0.2%, it is 0.01dB.

The same as above.

Yes

3 MaxSirStepUp

The maximum SIR stepup Refer to Table 10 Query through LST TYPRAB, and modify through MOD TYPRABRLC/*MOD TYPRABOLPC.

Yes

4 MaxSirStepDown

the maximum SIR stepdown 0.2dB Query through LST OLPC/*LST TYPRAB, and modify through SET OLPC/*MOD TYPRABOLPC.

Yes

5 BLERTarget BLER target value of service Refer to Table 10 Query through LST TYPRAB, and modify through

Yes




MOD TYPRABRLC/*MOD TYPRABOLPC.

1. For items of which the “Whether to be confirmed or modified” column is filled with

“Co”, it is recommended to confirm the setting by comparing with the default value, but it is

not recommended to modify the concerned parameter according to values other than the

default value.

2. The default RNC version corresponding to the MML commands in the table is

V100R002B02D408, and the symbol “*” means that the command is supported in B03D004,

but not supported in B02.

Table 7 Power management parameters (modification by network planning engineers is not

recommended)

Serial No.

Parameter Description Parameter configuration

UE power management parameters1 c, d, Reference

TFC ID is the gain value of the control parts

of UL DPCCH, PRACH and PCPCH.

is the gain value of UL DPDCH, PRACH and PCPCH.

Refer to Table 8

2 Preamble Threshold

This parameter defines the PRACH preamble test threshold. When the ratio of the preamble power received within the preamble cycle to the interference level is greater than this threshold, the preamble can be identified.

32

2 SRB Delay This parameter defines the lasting time of signaling transmission before data is sent.

The configuration is 7 frames. For details, refer to SRB Delay setting

3 Power Control Algorithm

This parameter is used to inform the UE in what a way to translate the received TPC commands.

The configuration is algorithm 1. For details, refer to Power Control Algorithm setting

4 TPC Step Size This parameter defines the power control step when uplink DPCH is performing close loop power control.

The configuration is 1dB for detail, refer to TPC Step Size setting

5 DPC Mode This parameter defines the mode of downlink power control. When the value is single TPC, it means to use power control mode “0”, DPC_Mode=0; and when the value is TPC triple in soft, it means to use the mode “1”, DPC_Mode=1.

The configuration is Single TPC, refer to DPC Mode setting

6 Maximum Allowed UL Tx Power

The maximum allowed transmission power of UE in a certain cell.

The configuration of DCH is 21dBm, and the configuration of PRACH is 23dBm. For details, refer to Maximum Allowed UL Tx Power setting and Appendix

NodeB Power Management Parameters1 DL TPC pattern 01

countRL initialization, the transmission times of downlink TPC commands with the (0,1) mode when NodeB has not received uplink synchronization,

10




2 PO1 This parameter defines the power offset of TFCI bit in downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.

According to the field test result, the configuration is 0dB. For details, refer to PO1 setting

3 PO2 This parameter defines the power offset of TPC bit in downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.

According to the field test result, the configuration is 3dB.

4 PO3 This parameter defines the power offset of PILOT bit in downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.

According to the field test result, the configuration is 3dB.

5 FDD TPC DL StepSize

Downlink power adjustment step The configuration is 1dB. For details, refer to FDD TPC DL StepSize setting

6 Limited Power Increase

Whether the power increase is limited Used. For details, refer to Limited Power Increase setting

7 Power_Raise_Limit This parameter can not be exceeded by the downlink transmission power increase within a certain cycle (DL_Power_averaging_window_size, expressed in timeslot)

3dB, refer to Power_Raise_Limit setting

8 DL_Power_averaging_window_size

Calculate the downlink transmission power increase within the time range defined by this parameter.

30 timeslots, refer to Power_Raise_Limit setting and DL_ Power_ averaging_ window _size setting

9 Inner Loop DL PC Status

Disable or activate the downlink inner loop power control

Active

10 Initial DL transmission Powers

Transmission power of DPDCH to PCPICH

Refer to Initial DL transmission Powers setting

11 UL SIR Targets It is used to adjust target SIR value of inner loop power control.

Refer to UL SIR Targets setting

12 Primary CPICH Power

It is used to identify the transmission power of the Primary CPICH of a cell. The reference point is the antenna connector.

33dBm, refer to Primary CPICH Power setting

Others1 SIR Adjust Factor SIR adjustment factor 1

2 Qin Synchronization threshold Tpc1Qin: -1dBTpc2Qin: -2dB

3 Qout Out-of-sync threshold Tpc1Qout: -3.5dBTpc2Qout: -4dB

Note:

3.1 UE Power Management Parameter

3.1.1 Power Offset Pp-m

1) Parameter expression

Integer (-5..10) B

2) Parameter meaning

The power offset of the last access preamble and message control part. This value plus the

access preamble power is the power of the control part.

3) Parameter source

“COMMON TRANSPORT CHANNEL SETUP REQUEST” at the Uu interface, and in the Uu 2004-06-01 Confidential of 69



air interface signaling, the gain factor is contained in the configuration item “Power offset

Information”.

4) Parameter setting and adjustment

According to the field test results, the configuration is -3dB for the signaling transmission; -

2dB for service transmission;

5) Influence on network planning

If this parameter is set too small, signaling and services borne over RACH may not be

received by UTRAN normally, and this will influence the uplink coverage. If it is set too big,

there will be greater uplink interference and smaller uplink capacity.

6) Specific power control protocol involved

Returning

3.1.2 Constant Value


Integer (-35..-10), step 1 dB


This parameter is the correction constant used for the UE to estimate the initial transmission

power of PRACH according to the open loop power.

3) Parameter source

In the PRACH system information list IE at the Uu air interface that contains SIB5 and SIB6.


The default configuration is -23dB.

This parameter is used for the UE to estimate the initial transmission power of PRACH

according to the open loop power; the calculation formula is as follows:

Preamble_Initial_Power = DL_Path_Loss + UL_interference + Constant_Value

Where, Preamble_Initial_Power is the initial transmission power of the UE; DL_Path_Loss is

the downlink path loss, which is in the background record of the UE test equipment;

UL_interference is the uplink interference, which is the value obtained by the UE from the

broadcast channel. It is calculated at the network side and broadcast to the UE, and it is in

the UE test background record; and Constant_Value is the value obtained by the UE from

the broadcasting channel.


If this value is too big, the initial transmission power will be too big, but the access process

will become shorter; if it is too small, the access power will meet the requirements well, but

the preamble will have to ramp for many times, and thus the access process will become

longer.


Returning




3.1.3 PRACH Power Ramp Step


Integer (1..8), step in 1dB


This parameter is the ramp step of the preamble power when the UE has not received the

capture indication from NodeB.

3) Parameter source

In PRACH system information list IE of SIB5 and SIB6 at the Uu air interface.


The default configuration is 2.


If this value is set too big, the access process will become shorter, but there may be more

power waste; if it is set too small, the access process will become longer, but the power will

be saved. This is a value that should be set rationally.


Returning

3.1.4 Preamble Retrans Max


Integer (1..64), step in 1


This parameter is the permitted maximum preamble repeat times of the UE within a

preamble ramp cycle.

3) Parameter source




The product of this parameter and the above-mentioned PRACH Power Ramp Step

determines the maximum ramp power of the UE within a preamble ramp cycle.


If this parameter is set too small, the preamble power may fail to reach the required value,

and the UE may fail in access.


Returning

3.1.5 Preamble Threshold


Integer (0..72), step of 0.5, corresponding value range: (-36..0).





This parameter defines the PRACH preamble detection threshold. The preamble will not be

confirmed unless the ratio of the preamble power received within the preamble cycle to the

interference level is greater than this threshold,

3) Parameter source




This parameter determines the random access demodulation quality and the UE access

success rate. It is related to the access distance (access channel coverage radius × 2) and

the different NodeB configurations (four-antenna diversity mode, OTSR mode).


If this parameter is too small, it will lead to the judgment error of the random access

preamble signal, false alarms will be increased, and the demodulation quality of the random

access signal will be reduced; but if it is too big, access will becomes more difficult, the

capture probability will be reduced, and the radio resources will be caused idle.


Returning

3.1.6 DPCCH Power Offset (MP)


Integer (-164,..-6), by step of 2 dB.


This parameter is used to calculate the initial transmission power of the uplink DPCH.

3) Parameter source

The uplink DPCH power control message of the Uu interface. It is contained in the “Uplink

DPCH Power Control Info” configuration item messages.


This parameter is related to PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER

ESTABLISHMENT, RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE,

TRANSPORT CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION, HANDOVER TO UTRAN COMMAND,

RRC CONNECTION SETUP and CELL UPDATE CONFIRM.

The formula is given in the protocol 25.331 as follows:

DPCCH_Initial_power=DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP, where, CPICH_RSCP is

obtained through the UE measurement.

Compare this formula with the following formula in the protocol 25.331 used to identify the

PRACH or PCPCH preamble initial transmission power:

Preamble_initial_Power = Primary CPICH DL TX Power – CPICH RSCP+UL Interference +




Constant Value, where, Primary CPICH DL TX Power (SIB5) and UL Interference (SIB 7)

are broadcast in the system messages.

It can be found that DPCCH_Power_offset is equivalent to Primary CPICH DL TX Power +

UL Interference + Constant Value. The difference is that the Constant Value should be the

target “Ec/N0_Target” of the DPCCH preamble. As the step of DPCCH_Power_offset is 2dB,

the accuracy requirement of Ec/N0_Traget is not very strict, but because of the requirement

of the uplink synchronization, the configuration can be bigger. The cell “Received Total Wide

band Power” is contained in the signaling messages “RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE,

RADIO LINK SET UP FAILURE, RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE and RADIO LINK

ADDITION FAILURE” of the lub interface and informed to CRNC. It can be used to identify

the uplink interference (UL Interference).

For the corresponding calculation table, refer to the Appendix.


If this parameter is set too small, the uplink synchronization failure may occur at the cell

verge at the time of the initial link setup, which will influence the uplink coverage. If it is set

too big, it will impose interference on uplink receiving and influence on the uplink capacity.

Returning

3.1.7 PC Preamble (MP)


Integer (0..7), number of frames.


This parameter defines the lasting time for transmitting DPCCH before DPCCH transmits

DPDCH.

3) Parameter source

The uplink DPCH power control message at the Uu interface. It is contained in “Uplink

DPCH Power Control Info” configuration item messages.


The configuration is 7 frames. (Presently, the default configuration in RNC is 0, because

NEC UE probably cannot support the configuration of 7. However, the UE of Beijing Institute

of Huawei can support, so whether the configuration is 0 or 7 depends on the actual

conditions of the test site.)

The signaling messages related to PC Preamble include PHYSICAL CHANNEL

RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER ESTABLISHMENT, RADIO BEARER

RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE, TRANSPORT CHANNEL

RECONFIGURATION, HANDOVER TO UTRAN COMMAND, RRC CONNECTION SETUP

and CELL UPDATE CONFIRM.

This parameter is originally used for the uplink and downlink power control convergence to




prevent the UE from using uncontrollable power at the beginning. Subsequently, some

relevant propositions hold that after the UE starts DPCCH transmission, it will take NodeB

some time to search this uplink signal. This delay depends on the searching

accomplishment and propagation delay. It will be of no use starting the uplink DPDCH

transmission process until this process is completed, as data cannot be received correctly at

this moment, and data may even be lost; or if it is in a confirmation mode, retransmission

may cause more serious data delay.

During the preamble period, only power control algorithm 1 can be used. Because this

parameter is closely related to the initial transmission power of DPCCH, the initial target

signal-to-interference ratio, power control algorithm and the searching energy of NodeB,

appropriate adjustment should be made according to the actual conditions.


Data loss and retransmission delay due to improper configuration of this parameter may

impose influence on the service rate and transmission delay.


Returning

3.1.8 SRB Delay (MP)


Integer (0..7), the frame number


This parameter defines the delay time of signaling transmission after PC preamble.

3) Parameter source

The uplink DPCH power control message at the Uu interface, contained in “Uplink DPCH

Power Control Info” configuration item messages.


The configuration is 7 frames.

The signaling messages related to SRB Delay include “PHYSICAL CHANNEL




and CELL UPDATE CONFIRM”. The relevant significance is familiar to 2.4 PC Preamble.

Returning

3.1.9 Gain Factors and , Reference TFC ID


INTEGER (0.. 15)

INTEGER (0.. 15)

Reference TFC ID INTEGER (0.. 3)2004-06-01 Confidential of 69




refers to the gain value of UL DPCCH, PRACH control part and PCPCH control part.

refers to the gain value of UL DPCCH, PRACH data part and PCPCH data part.

Reference TFC ID is the reference TFC ID in the power gain calculation.

3) Parameter source

At the lub interface, gain factor value is contained in the cell “TFCS”. At the Uu air interface

signaling, gain factor is contained in the cell “Power offset Information”.


At the lub interface, gain factor and reference TFC ID are contained in the configuration item

“TFCS”, the relevant signaling messages include: COMMON TRANSPORT CHANNEL

SETUP REQUEST, RADIOLINK SETUP REQUEST, RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION

PREPARE and RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION REQUEST;

The transmission direction of the signaling “COMMON TRANSPORT CHANNEL SETUP

REQUEST” is CRNCNodeB. Configure the gain factors and in the configuration

item “PRACH” and the subconfiguration item “TFCS” of the configuration item “CPCH

Parameters”.

The transmission direction of the signaling message “RADIO LINK REQUEST” is

CRNCNodeB. It is required at radio link setup. Configure the gain factors and in the

subconfiguration item “TFCS” of the configuration item “UL DPCH Information”.

The transmission direction of the signaling “RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE”

is CRNCNodeB. It is required when the radio link is configured and synchronized.

Configure the gain factors and in the subconfiguration item “TFCS” (optional) of the

configuration item “UL DPCH Information”.

The transmission direction of the signaling “RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION REQUEST”

is CRNCNodeB. It is required at out-of-sync configuration. Configure the gain factors

and in the subconfiguration item “TFCS” (optional) of the configuration item “UL DPCH

Information”.

At the Uu air interface signaling, the gain factor and reference TFC ID are contained in the

configuration item “Power offset Information”.

The gain factor of PRACH is delivered to the UE through the system information signaling,

and it is contained in SIB5 and SIB6.

The gain factor of DPDCH is delivered to the UE through the system information (SIB8,

mandatory) and the signaling messages “CELL UPDATE CONFIRM, HANDOVER TO

UTRAN COMMAND, PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER

RECONFIGRATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE, RADIO BEARER SETUP, RRC

CONNECTION SETUP and TRANSPORT CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION” (optional




except SIB).

The gain factor of UL DPCH is delivered to the UE through the system information (SIB16,

mandatory) and the signaling messages “CELL UPDATE CONFIRM, HANDOVER TO

UTRAN COMMAND, RADIO BEARER RECONFIGRATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE,

RADIO BEARER SETUP, RRC CONNECTION SETUP, TRANSPORT CHANNEL

RECONFIGURATION and SRNS RELOCATION INFO” (optional except SIB).

The parameter configuration should follow the methods below:

1. Each service has the references , , Lref and Kref for itself. These values are

based on the field test results. The reference TFC of each service is the field test

value of each service when the maximum transmission format is adopted.

2. For the individual service, select the reference TFC of this service directly; for the

combined services, identify the service with the dominant rate at first (the service

with the biggest rate in the combined services). The reference TFC of this service is

the reference TFC of the current combined services. If the service is equal to each

other, adopt the reference TFC of the CS domain service. If only signaling is

available, adopt the reference TFC of the signaling.

3. There are 8 kinds of maximum core network assignment rates of AMR voice

configuration, but there is only one AMR voice of 12.2K in DB at present. Only a

reference TFC of 12.2K is configured in specific implementation; and this reference

TFCshould be used for other maximum core network assignment rates that are not

12.2K.

4. The implementation of controlled stream service is the same as AMR voice service.

The controllable stream takes 57.6Kbps as the reference TFC for all controllable

stream services.

5. If DCCC has been done for PS BE service, the TFS information saved in TRCH is

the TFS after DCCC. The actual rate may be smaller than the maximum rate of the

service, so, reference TFC corresponding to the current actual rate will be used in

calculation.

The configuration table is as follows:

Table 8 Gain factor parameter configuration

Service typeTypical BLERtar

get (%)

TTI and number of

blocks c,ref:d,ref Lref RM Ni Kref

CS12.2K AMR 0.7(or

1)20ms 1 block

12:15 1 185,176,218 152,167,68 72336

64K transparent data

0.2 20ms 2 blocks

6:15 1 173 1974 341502

56K transparent data

0.2 20ms 2 blocks

6:15 1 177 1974 349398

32K transparent 0.2 20ms 1 block

9:15 1 188 990 186120




data28.8K transparent data

0.2 40ms 2 blocks

13:15 1 180 891 160380

57.6K controlled stream

1 40ms 4 blocks

7:15 1 145 1779 257955

PS8K conversation 1 40ms

1 block15:11 1 155 267 41385

64K stream (unidirectional)

1 20ms 4 blocks

7:15 1 150 2118 317700

384K BE service 10 10ms 12 blocks

3:15 1 160 12684 2029440

256K BE service 10 20ms 16 blocks

3:15 1 155 8460 1311300

144K 10 20ms 9 blocks

5:15 1 145 4758 689910


5:15 1 140 4230 592200


7:15 1 150 2118 317700


9:15 1 155 1062 164610

8K 10 40ms 1 block

15:11 1 155 267 41385

Signaling 5 40ms 1 block

15:12 1 160 129 20640

*Note: The above is the configuration table in Version B02, and it may be updated afterward. However, it

is unnecessary for the network planning personnel to modify the parameters in this section, as the default

configuration in the current version can be safely used.

The following configuration is adopted for the PARCH channel:

(c,ref:d,ref) = 11:15; transmission format: 1*168

(c,ref:d,ref) = 10:15; transmission format: 1*360


Whether this set of parameters are set properly or not will influence the demodulation

performance of the uplink service, resulting in influence on the uplink capacity and coverage.

At present, the setting and modification commands corresponding to this parameter are

forbidden at RNC maintenance console, and no modification of the parameter is allowed.


Returning

3.1.10 Power Control Algorithm (MP)


Enumerated (algorithm 1, algorithm 2)


This parameter is used to tell the UE in what a way to translate TPC commands that are

received.

3) Parameter source




The uplink DPCH power control information at the Uu interface, it is contained in the

configuration item information “Uplink DPCH Power Control Info”.


The configuration is Algorithm 1.

There are Algorithm 1 and Algorithm 2 for the uplink power control algorithm, that is, PCA=1

or PCA=2. The step of PCA=1 includes 1dB and 2dB, but the step of PCA=2 can be 1dB

only. Algorithm 2 is applied to the smaller power control step and the relatively slow power

control. Control once in each 5 timeslots, while algorithm 1 is on the opposite: control once

in each 1 timeslot. The signaling messages related to PCA include PHYSICAL CHANNEL





According to the link level emulation results of the 12.2K service conducted by Huawei

Research Institute Shanghai, in case PAC=1, when the power control step changes from

1dB to 2dB, the performances of 7 types of channels (Gaussian, CASE1, CASE2, CASE3,

CASE4, MOVING and BIRTHDEATH) become bad. When the power control algorithm

changes from PCA=1 to PCA=2, the performances of Gaussian, CASE3, CASE4 and

MOVING channels become good, but the performances of CASE1 and CASE2 become

worse than that when PCA=1 and power control step is 2dB; under the BIRTHDEATH

channel, the performance becomes worse than that when PCA=1 and the power control

step is 1dB, and the performance curve cross (at the point where BLER=3%) with that when

PCA=1 and power control step is 2dB. When BLER>3%, the performance is good, and when

BLER<3%, it is bad.

Generally, in order to obtain the optimum power control effect, power control algorithm

configuration can be carried out for different cell properties. If it is in the cell that covers the

freeway, the configuration can be PCA=2.


Different settings of this parameter will influence the uplink demodulation performance,

which will influence the uplink coverage and capacity.


Returning

3.1.11 TPC Step Size


Type range: Integer (1, 2), In dB


This parameter defines the power control step when the uplink DPCH is conducting the




close loop power control.

3) Parameter source

The uplink DPCH power control message at the Uu interface, it is contained in the

configuration item information “Uplink DPCH Power Control Info”.


The configuration is 1dB. The signaling messages related to this parameter include:

PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER ESTABLISHMENT, RADIO

BEARER RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE, TRANSPORT CHANNEL



It can be seen from the analysis in 2.6 that TPC step size is the best when PCA=1 and the

power control step is 1dB; the power control step is 1dB when PCA=2, so the configuration

is 1dB.


Different settings of this parameter will influence the uplink demodulation performance,

which will influence the uplink coverage and capacity.

Returning

3.1.12 DPC Mode (MP)


Type range: Enumerated (single TPC, TPC triple in soft)


This parameter defines the mode of the downlink power control. When the parameter value

is “single TPC”, use the power control mode “0”, and DPC_Mode=0; when the parameter

value is “TPC triple in soft”, use the power control mode “1”, and DPC_Mode=1.

3) Parameter source

The downlink DPCH power control message at the Uu air interface.


The default configuration is “Single TPC”.

Handover includes soft handover and hard handover. Soft handover is a different

characteristic from GSM. Soft handover includes soft handover and softer handover. Hard

handover includes intra-frequency hard handover, inter-frequency hard handover and inter-

system handover. The signaling messages related to soft handover include: ACTIVE SET

UPDATE, ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE and ACTIVE SET UPDATE FAILURE. The

signaling messages related to intra-frequency hard handover include: PHYSICAL CHANNEL


RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE and TRANPORT CHANNEL

RECONFIGURATION; The signaling messages related to inter-frequency hard handover




include: PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER ESTABLISHMENT,

RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE and TRANSPORT

CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION; The signaling messages related to inter-system handover

include: INTER-SYSTEM HANDOVER COMMAND(FROM UTRAN) and HANDOVER TO

UTRAN COMMAND(to UTRAN).

The signaling messages related to DPC_MODE include: RRC CONNECTION SETUP,

CELL UPDATE CONFIRM and some above-mentioned signaling messages related to hard

handover, but not including the signaling messages related to the soft handover active set

update. Therefore, during soft handover, the slow power control is implemented by changing

DPC_MODE through reconfiguration (lots of data show that, it is better to adopt slow power

control in soft handover, because it can reduce the power drift).

DPC_MODE=0 means that a single TPC command is sent in each timeslot;

DPC_MODE=1 means that the same TPC commands are repeated in three timeslots;

Seeing from the link level emulation results of Beijing Institute of Huawei, there are a few

differences between the two control modes in different cases. It is difficult to distinguish the

CASEs of the channel, so the configuration is Signal TPC.


Different configurations of this parameter will influence the downlink demodulation

performance, which will influence the downlink coverage and capacity.

Returning

3.1.13 Maximum Allowed UL Tx Power (MP)


Integer (-50..+33), Step In 1dBm.


The maximum allowed transmission power of the UE in a specified cell.

3) Parameter source

RRC CONNECTION SETUP, RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE, RADIO LIN SETUP

FAILURE, RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE, RADIO LINK ADDITION FAILURES


The value is related to the uplink coverage requirement of the network planning.

Setting: DCH configuration is 21dBm, PRACH configuration is 23dBm (typical value).

Adjustment: The value of this parameter changes with the specific services. If the capacity of

a cell is limited, this parameter is not a limit factor to this cell, because the fast power control

can regulate in real time the UE transmission power; if the coverage of a cell is limited,

according to the service property of full coverage, there are formulae as follows:




Deduce: , where,

where, PUE,max is the maximum transmission power of the UE, Lmax is the maximum path

loss, v is the active factor of the service, Gp is the processing gain of the service, expressed

in: Gp=W/R (W is the signal bandwidth, R is the data rate of the service), Ga is the antenna

gain (the antenna gain herein is the sum of the actual antenna gain and cable loss gain), Gd

is the sum of the diversity gains (including the diversity gains of the multi-path diversity,

receiving antenna diversity and so on), PN is the background noise and Eb/N0 is SIRtarget

value of the service.

For the service that does not require to cover the whole cell, the formula above can also be

used to estimate the transmission power of the UE whose coverage range meets special

requirements; if the UE transmission power has reached the maximum value of its

transmission capability, this formula can be used to estimate its uplink coverage range.


In case coverage is limited, if the value of this parameter is too small, the uplink coverage

will be influenced.

Returning

3.2 NodeB Power Management Parameter

3.2.1 DL TPC Pattern 01 Count


INTEGER (0..30), step of 1


This parameter defines the downlink TPC transmission times (in the RL initialization

process) according to (0,1) mode when NodeB has not received the uplink synchronization.

3) Parameter source

CELL SETUP REQUEST (CRNC to NodeB) at the Inb interface.


The default setting is 10.


This parameter has not any direct influence on the network planning.

6) the relevant protocol description

Returning

3.2.2 PO1 (MP)





INTEGER (0..24), step of 0.25dB.


This parameter defines the power offset of the TFCI bit in the downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.

3) Parameter source

RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST (CRNC to NodeB) at the Inb interface.


This parameter is set to 0dB according to the field test result.

PO1, PO2 and PO3 are contained in the signaling message “RADIO LINK SETUP

REQUEST”. In fact, when the power control makes DPCCH meet the requirements, the

power control setting makes DPDCH meet the requirement. If the communication quality

requirement is met, reduce the transmission power as small as possible so as to increase

the system capacity to the maximum. This is the optimum condition. Since the number of

bits in these three data fields of TPC, PILOT and TFCI are different, the power offset sizes

are different.

The analysis on PO1, PO2 and PO3 configurations is as follows:

In the downlink close loop power control process, especially in soft handover, the UE

implements the maximum rate combination only on the DPDCH in all the downlink multi-path

components. However, since the DPCCH power control command is sent out from different

NodeBs, the combination cannot be implemented. The UE implements SIR estimation on

the PILOT domain of the downlink DPCCH and produces TPC command according to

DPC_MODE value.

Because of the maximum rate combination of the downlink PILOT and TFCI, the maximum

rate combination is not implemented in the TPC domain, so the processing of the power

offsets of the downlink DPCCH and DPDCH is more complicated than that of the uplink; it is

necessary to allow the TPC power setting higher than other domains. Here is an easy

example: If non-soft handover corresponds to a set of suitable PO1, PO2 and PO3 settings,

when two soft handover branches exist, the setting of the original PO2 should be somewhat

higher than the power for non-soft handover.




Figure 9: Frame structure for downlink DPCH

Referring to the Pattern format of the uplink DPCCH, SF=256 corresponds to NTPC=2,

NTFCI=2, NPILOT=6. Because PO1, PO2 and PO3 do not exist in the uplink, we think that the

pattern is defined in the protocol based on the sufficient consideration of the power balance

between TFCI, TPC and PILOT.

For the downlink, if the compression mode and blind detection are not considered, the

values can be: PO1=PO2=PO3=0 at the time of non-soft handover. If soft handover is

considered, the values of PO1 and PO3 keep fixed; add a link to PO2, and its value will be

increased by 3dB; add another link, the value will be increased by 2dB; and add one more

link, the value will be increased by 1dB.


Whether the settings of this parameter and the following PO2 and PO3 are proper or not will

influence the downlink SIR estimation, power control and decoding performances, which will

influence the downlink capacity and coverage.

Returning

3.2.3 PO2 (MP)


INTEGER (0..24), step of 0.25dB.


This parameter defines the power offset of the TPC bit in the downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.

3) Parameter source



The configuration is 3dB according to the field test result.

Returning

3.2.4 PO3 (MP)





Integer (0..24), step of 0.25dB.


This parameter defines the power offset of the PILOT bit in the downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.

3) Parameter source



The configuration is 3dB according to the field test result.

Returning

3.2.5 FDD TPC DL StepSize (OP)


ENUMERATED (0.5,1,1.5,2,…), dB


The adjustment step size of the downlink power.

3) Parameter source



The default configuration is 1dB.

The signaling message related to this parameter is RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST.

According to the link level emulation result given by Beijing Institute of Huawei, when the UE

moves at low rate, the power control step size of 1dB is the best; when the UE moves at

high rate, the power control step size of 0.5dB is the best. As specified in the protocol

25.214, the step size of 1dB must be supported, others are optional. Furthermore, when the

downlink DPCH carries out the power control, the cell appears only in “RADIO LINK

REQUEST” without signaling support, so the step is 1dB according to the actual conditions.


The setting of this parameter will have influences on the downlink demodulation

performance, which will influence the downlink capacity and coverage.

Returning

3.2.6 Limited Power Increase


ENUMERATED(Used , NotUsed)


Identify the downlink power adjustment step, limit the power increase, and reduce the

interference on the network which is caused by the increasing NodeB transmission power

due to the inccorect TPC commands (bit error or the UE cause) of the uplink transmission.

3) Parameter source






Used. When the configuration is “Used”, the following processing functions, otherwise, for all

services, the downlink power adjustments are processed as “Not Used”.

In the internal mode of RNC, if the service types are “Conversational” and “Streaming”,

adopt the “not used” mode; if the service types are “Background” and “Interactive”, adopt the

“Used” mode. When there is combination, it is “Not Used”, so as to ensure the

communication quality priority (similar with the priority of transport channel selection by the

outer loop power control). The purpose is to limit the interference on the network by the burst

non-realtime service and to prevent the realtime service communication quality from the bad

influences.

The signaling message related to this parameter is RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST. “Not

Used” means that the downlink power increase is not limited, and “Used” means that the

downlink power is increasing now.

This parameter is used together with Power_Raise_Limit and

DL_Power_averaging_window_size.


The configurations of this parameter and the following Power_Raise_Limit and

DL_Power_averaging_window_size can limit the downlink transmission power to rise rapidly

and reduce the downlink interference. If they are set improperly, they will probably influence

the downlink demodulation performance, the downlink coverage and capacity.


Returning

3.2.7 Power_Raise_Limit


INTEGER (0..10), step 1 dB.


The increment of the downlink transmission power within a certain cycle

(DL_Power_averaging_window_size, expressed in timeslot) is not allowed to exceed this

parameter.

3) Parameter source

CELL SETUP REQUEST (CRNC to NodeB) at the Iub interface.


This value is set to 3dB in RADIO NETWORK PLANNING and OPTIMISATION for UMTS.

But it conflicts with the following analysis (The emulation result verification is required).

The signaling message related to this parameter is CELL SETUP REQUEST. The

parameter “Power_Raise_Limit” and “DL_Power_averaging_window_size” are related to




each other. If the former is small, so is the latter, and vice versa. Therefore, the selection of

“DL_Power_averaging_window_size” is related to step size.

Suppose that Power_Raise_Limit=10dB, if TPC=0.5,

DL_Power_averaging_window_size=20; if TPC=1, DL_Power_averaging_window_size=10;

ifTPC=1.5, DL_Power_averaging_window_size=8; if TPC=2,

DL_Power_averaging_window_size=5.

If TPC bit error rate of the TPC command is considered, the above-mentioned value of

“DL_Power_averaging_window_size” can be added with a certain margin. According to the

uplink out-of-sync criterion, when the TPC bit error rate exceeds 30%, it means “Radio Link

Failure”. Therefore, after the margin is considered, DL_Power_averaging_window_size=

(1+0.3) DL_Power_averaging_window_size. Namely, if TPC=0.5,

DL_Power_averaging_window_size=26; if TPC=1, DL_Power_averaging_window_size=13; if

TPC=1.5, DL_Power_averaging_window_size=11; if TPC=2,

DL_Power_averaging_window_size=7.

Returning

3.2.8 DL Power Averaging Window Size


INTEGER (1..10), step 1 slot


Calculate the downlink transmission power increment within the time specified by this

parameter, so as to identify whether the limit “Power_Raise_Limit” of the above-mentioned

parameter is exceeded. If the limit is exceeded, even the increase is received, the power

command cannot adjust the power.

3) Parameter source

CELL SETUP REQUEST (CRNC to NodeB) at the Iub interface.


This parameter is set to 30 timeslots in RADIO NETWORK PLANNING and OPTIMISATION

for UMTS. But it conflicts with the analysis in Section 4.6, and the emulation result

verification is required.

5) Additional description

The configurations of the two parameters above can effectively limit the rapid raise of the

downlink transmission power. These two parameters should be considered together with the

cell fading environment.

Returning

3.2.9 DL Power Balance Switch


ENUMERATED (Active, Inactive).





To deactivate or activate the downlink power balance algorithm module.

3) Parameter source

DOWNLINK POWER CONTROL REQUEST at the Iub interface.


The default setting is “Active”.

For detailed descriptions of the downlink power balance, refer to


When the UE is in the soft handover state and there is large power difference between each

of the downlink in the active set, this algorithm can improve the receiving performance of the

downlinks.

Returning

3.2.10 Inner Loop DL PC Status


ENUMERATED (Active, Inactive)


To deactivate or activate the downlink inner loop power control.

3) Parameter source

RADIO SETUP REQUEST (SRNC to RNC) at the Iur interface.


The signaling messages related to this parameter include “RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST”

and “DL POWER CONTROL REQUEST”. The former is mandatory and the latter is optional.

Currently, we do not consider deactivating the downlink inner loop power control.

Returning

3.2.11 Initial DL transmission Powers


Enumerated (-35..+15), step 0.1 dB


The transmission power of DPDCH to PCPICH.

3) Parameter source

RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST (SRNC to DRNC) at the Iur interface.


The initial downlink transmission power of DPDCH appears in the signaling messages

“RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST” and “RADIO LINK ADDITION REQUEST”. The former is

mandatory and the latter is optional. In the signaling message “RADIO LINK SETUP

REQUEST”, the parameters “Initial DL TX power” and “Primary CPICH Ec/N0” are set to

“C_ifAlone”. This means that “Initial DL TX power” or “Primary CPICH Ec/N0” exists. In fact,




“Primary CPICH Ec/N0” is used to identify “Initial DL TX power”. In the signaling message

“RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST”, the parameters “Initial DL TX power” and “Uplink SIR

Target” must exist or not exist at the same time. If only one exists or does not exist, we think

the radio link setup fails.

Through the formulae and , where L is path loss,

the initial downlink transmission power can be obtained:

When a new radio link is set up, if RACH measurement report is available, configure

“Primary CPICH Ec/N0” according to the measurement report. If not available, configure the

typical value “-18dB”. is configured according to the services. In soft handover,

configure the newly-setup radio links with the same method. Note that the value of the

downlink initial transmission power obtained above is an absolute value, not a relative value.


If this parameter is set too low, the downlink synchronization will fail at the cell verge during

the initial link setup, resulting in influences on the downlink coverage. If it is set too high, it

will increase the downlink interference and influence the downlink capacity.

Returning

3.2.12 Maximum Uplink SIR


ENUMERATED (-82..173), step 0.1 dB


Maximum uplink target SIR value

3) Parameter source

The signaling messages: RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE, RADIO LINK SETUP

FAILURE, RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE, RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION

READY and RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION RESPONSE.


The link level emulation results show that, in case power control is available, the required

Eb/N0 for the worst CASE4 channel environment is about 2.7dB higher than that of the best

Gaussian channel. Therefore, it is necessary to add 3dB to the initial target SIR value

corresponding to the target BLER value of a service as the maximum target SIR value. The

initial value of each service is configured in the following table. And the maximum value can

be obtained through this initial value. For example, the table shows that, for 144K service,




5dB plus 3dB equals to 8dB which is taken as the maximum value.

The maximum target SIR value of the combined service is Max {the maximum target SIR

value of the individual service}, and the minimum target SIR value of the combined service is

Max {the minimum target SIR value of the individual service}.

Table 9 Initial and maximum target SIR value

Service type Initial SIRtarget (dB) Max. SIRtarget (dB)CS12.2K AMR 2 564K transparent data 4 756K transparent data 4 732K transparent data 4 728.8K transparent data 4 757.6K controlled stream 3 6PS8K conversation 1.5 4.564K flow (unidirectional) 3 60 flow (unidirectional) 3 6384K BE service 7 10256K BE service 4 7144K 2.5 5.5128K 2 564K 2 532K 2 28K 2 2Signaling 2 5


If this parameter is set too big, the uplink interference will be probably too great ; if it is set

too small, the SIR of the uplink receiving end may not meet the demodulation requirement,

which will influence the uplink capacity and coverage.

Returning

3.2.13 Minimum Uplink SIR


ENUMERATER (-82..173), step 0.1 dB


The minimum uplink target SIR value

3) Parameter source


FAILURE, RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE, RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION

READY and RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION RESPONSE.


In fact, the minimum target SIR value should also be set according to the services. For

example, take the target SIR value corresponding to (the target BLER value) minus 3dB as

the minimum target SIR value. However, to make things simple and to avoid that the target

SIR value cannot be decreased (as SIRtarget requires to reduce the target SIR value, hence




reducing the transmission power due to inappropriate limit), -7.3dB is recommended as the

minimum target SIR value.


If this parameter is set too big, the uplink interference will be probably too big; if it is set too

small, the SIR of the uplink receiving end may not meet the demodulation requirement,

which will influence the uplink capacity and coverage.

Returning

3.2.14 UL SIR Targets


INTEGER (-82..173), step 0.1 dB 0..10


This parameter is used to adjust the target SIR value of the inner loop power control.

3) Parameter source

RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST (SRNC to DRNC) at the Iur interface.


The parameter configuration is closely related to the development of the outer loop power

control algorithm. At present, the configuration is shown in Table 2.

Table 10 Configurations of partial OLPC parameters

Service type Typical BELRtarg

et (%)

TTI & number of blocks

TypicalBER(%)

SIRStepUpOnBER InitSIRTar(dB) Max. SIRStepUp of each outer loop adjustment (dB)

CS12.2K AMR 0.7 (or

1)20ms 1 block

7.3 0.1 2 0.5

64K transparent data 0.2 20ms 2 blocks

1 0.1 4 1.3

56K transparent data 0.2 20ms 2 blocks

1 0.1 4 1.3

32K transparent data 0.2 20ms 1 block

1 0.1 4 2.5

28.8K transparent data 0.2 40ms 2 blocks

1 0.1 4 2.5

57.6K controlled stream

1 40ms 4 blocks

4 0.1 3 0.4

PS8K conversation 1 40ms

1 blocks8 0.1 1.5 1

64K flow (unidirectional)

1 20ms 4 blocks

4 0.1 3 0.4

0 flow (unidirectional)

4 3 0.4

384K BE service

10 10ms12 blocks

0.35 0.2 7 0.4

256K BE service

10 20ms 16 blocks

1.25 0.1 4 0.4


4.9 0.1 2.5 0.4





6 0.1 2 0.4


7.9 0.1 1 0.4


8.5 0.1 0.5 0.4

8K 10 40ms 1 block

9 0.1 0 0.4

Signaling 5 40ms 1 block

10 0.1 0 0.4


The proper setting of this parameter will directly influence the uplink demodulation

performance, and thus influence the uplink coverage and capacity. At present, it is not

allowed to modify it from the RNC maintenance console.

Returning

3.2.15 Maximum DL Tx Power


INTEGER (-350..+150), step 0.1 dB


It defines the maximum transmission power of DPDCH symbol, which is expressed in a

relative value to CPICH.

3) Parameter source


FAILURE, RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE, RADIO ADDITION FAILURE, RADIO LINK

RECONFIGURATION READY and RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION RESPONSE.


The service type and service rate should be considered in the parameter configuration. For

an individual service, the configuration value is shown in the following table:

Table 11 Max. & min. downlink transmission power configuration

Service typeMax. downlink

transmission power (dB)Min. downlink

transmission power (dB)CS12.2K AMR -3 -1864K transparent data 0 -1556K transparent data 0 -1532K transparent data -2 -1728.8K transparent data -2 -1757.6K controlled stream -1 -16PS8K conversation -8 -2364K flow (unidirectional) -2 -170 flow (unidirectional) -2 -17384K BE service 4 -11256K BE service 2 -13144K 0 -15128K 0 -1564K -2 -1732K -4 -19




8K -8 -23Signaling -8 -23

There are two cases for the combined service: SRNC is consistent with DRNC, without

crossing the Iur interface; they are not consistent with each other, crossing the Iur interface.

For the latter, take the maximum value of maximum downlink transmission powers in the

individual service configuration table as the maximum downlink transmission power, and

take the maximum value of minimum downlink transmission powers as the minimum

downlink transmission power.

In case SRNC and DRNC are consistent with each other without crossing the Iur interface,

calculate the maximum and minimum downlink transmission powers through the following

formula:

Where, i is the individual service, comb is the corresponding individual service in the

combined service, GRM and GSF are respectively the rate matching gain (the value of the

number of bits after rate matching divided by the number of bits before rate matching) and

spread spectrum gain. As known from this formula, as long as we know the maximum

transmission power P required for the individual service, we can obtain the maximum

transmission power required for the combined service according to the combined service

and the individual service conditions (calculating the rate matching gain and spread

spectrum gain). At present, Pi is the maximum value of the maximum transmission powers

of the individual services in the combined service. The calculation of the minimum

transmission power is the same as the maximum transmission power, so it will not be

described here.

The calculation principle of the maximum and minimum downlink transmission powers are

described as follows:

During the setting process of the maximum downlink transmission power, we should

consider the parameter “Primary CPICH Power” and the full coverage requirement of the

service in network planning (full coverage of the service). Ensure that the service coverage

is no smaller than the pilot coverage. The service coverage is described as follows.

Suppose that the pilot strength of the UE is CPICH_Ec/No, the pilot power is PCPICH, the

maximum downlink transmission power allocated to the service is Pmax, its target SIR value

is SIRtar, and the corresponding carrier-to-interference ratios are CIR and CIRtar. The

formulae of the pilot strength and the carrier-to-interference ratio of the service are as

follows:




These two formulae express the pilot strength and the signaling-to-interference ratio of the

signal in a same geographical location, so their path losses L are the same. is the non-

orthogonal factor, Iown is the interference produced by the core NodeB, lother is the

interference produced by other NodeBs, Pn is the background noise, P is the service

downlink transmission power allocated to the service by NodeB, Gc is the same gain owned

by the DPDCH pilot channels, such as the antenna gain and the transmission diversity gain,

and Ge is the extra gain of the DPDCH channel to the pilot channel, such as macro diversity

gain and so on. We can obtain:

Convert it into SIR:

Where, Gp is the service processing gain.

When the service coverage (maximum coverage) keeps consistent with the pilot coverage,

namely, the pilot strength equals to the pilot demodulation threshold (namely, at the pilot

coverage verge), suppose that the signal-to-interference ratio of the service signal has

reached its target value, mark as F:

So the maximum transmission power of the service allocated by NodeB is:

From the point of view of capacity, for services that do not require full coverage, the

parameters can be set and adjusted according to the actual target SIR value and the actual




traffic statistics index required by the capacity design.

Note that the non-orthogonal factor, diversity gain and Eb/No of each service used in the

above-mentioned estimation require quantities of emulation results to support them, which

cannot be realized at present. Therefore, what is presented is only the ideal guidance, and it

should be perfected and refined afterward by comparing it with the configurations according

to the traffic statistics index and emulation results against. Furthermore, the interference

ratio between the local cell and the adjacent cell is also an important influencing factor. It

may be even several dBs sometimes.


This parameter and the following minimum downlink transmission power will influence

directly the downlink coverage.

Returning

3.2.16 Minimum DL Tx Power


INTEGER (-350..+150), step 0.1 dB


It defines the minimum rate level of the DPDCH symbol, and it is expressed in the relative

value to CPICH.

3) Parameter source


FAILURE, RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE, RADIO ADDITION FAILURE, RADIO LINK

RECONFIGURATION READY and RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION RESPONSE.


The value of this parameter changes with the specific service, and is related to the value of

the parameter “Maximum DL Tx Power” and the dynamic range of the power. Their relations

are shown in the following formula:

Minimum DL Tx Power=Maximum DL Tx Power - Dynamic Adjustment Range of Power

Control

Where, the value of the dynamic adjustment range of power control can be 15dB.

Returning

3.2.17 Primary CPICH Power


INTEGER (-100..500), step 0.1 dBm


It is used to identify the transmission power of Primary CPICH of a cell. The reference point

is the antenna connector, and its value is related to the downlink coverage requirement of

the network planning.




3) Parameter source

None


For a cell with large coverage, the value of this parameter should be big; on the opposite, it

should be smal. In a certain planned multi-cell environment, this parameter has its own fixed

minimum value. If this parameter is smaller than the fixed minimum value, the coverage hole

may occur when cells in the environment are under heavy load.


If this parameter is too small, it will influence directly the downlink pilot coverage range; if it is

too big, it will increase the downlink interference; meanwhile, it will reduce the transmission

power that can be allocated to the service and will influence the downlink capacity. In

addition, the configuration of this parameter has direct influences on the distributions of the

handover areas.

Returning

3.3 Others

3.3.1 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Period (SirAdjustPeriod)


INTEGER (1..100), step 10ms, representing 10~1000ms


This parameter refers to the period during which the outer loop adjusts the target SIR value

once.

3) Parameter source

None


The default setting is 40, namely, 400ms.

The parameter setting is related to the changing rate of the environment. If the environment

changes rapidly, this period will be short.

For the description of the outer loop power control, refer to 2.1.4.


Whether the setting of the outer loop power control adjustment period, the power control

adjustment step and the adjustment factor in the following section are proper or not will

influence the uplink demodulation performance, resulting in influence on the uplink coverage

and capacity.

Returning

3.3.2 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Step (SirAdjustStep)





INTEGER (0..100), step 0.1dB


The step of the target SIR value adjustment by the outer loop power control according to the

difference between the BLER in the current period and the target BLER.

3) Parameter source

None


The default configuration is 1, namely, 0.1dB.

The setting of this parameter is related to the current service. For the low bit error rate

service where the BLER is 0.1% or 0.2%, we set it to 0.01dB or to be other small

parameters.


Returning

3.3.3 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Factor (SirAdjustFactor)


INTEGER (1..10), step 1


This parameter is used to correct the adjustment step of the target SIR value of the outer

loop power control.

3) Parameter source

None


The default setting is 1.


Returning

3.3.4 Maximum SIR StepUp (MaxSirStepUp)




The maximum stepup of a target SIR value adjustment in the outer loop power control.

3) Parameter source

None


For the default setting, refer to Table 10.



If this parameter is too great, the UE transmission power will probably be too large, which




will produce strong interference on the uplink. If it is too small, it will probably influence on

the normal outer loop power control process.

Returning

3.3.5 Maximum SIR StepDown (MaxSirStepDown)




The maximum stepdown of a target SIR value adjustment in the outer loop power control.

3) Parameter source


The default setting is 2, namely, 0.2dB.



If this parameter is set too big, NodeB will fail to receive messages properly. If it is set too

small, it will probably influence the normal outer loop power control process.

Returning

3.3.6 BLERtarget


INTEGER (-63..0), step 0.1


The target BLER value of the outer loop power control.

6) Parameter source

RADIO LINK SETUP and RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE at the Iur interface.


For the default setting, refer to Table 10.



If this parameter is set too good, it will waste the network resources; if it is set too bad, it will

fail to satisfy the service QoS requirements.

Returning

3.3.7 In-Synchronization Threshold Qin


When TPC in the timeslot structure is 1bit, Tpc1Qin: [646..1024], and the value range of

the number of floating points is [-2dB..0dB].




When TPC in the timeslot structure is 2bits, Tpc2Qin: [323..513], and the value range of

the number of floating points is [-5dB..-3dB].

The relation between the parameter value and the dB value of the floating points is: specific

point value =(integer) (10^(dB value of floating point/10)×1024), and the value range is:

[575..1289], unit: 1/1024 times.


The uplink dedicated link in-synchronization and out-of-sync threshold, are based on 1024.

3) Parameter source

The synchronization and out-of-sync parameters are the internal parameters of NodeB, and

they require to be adjusted at the NodeB debugging console.


Tpc1Qin: The default value is 813, and the physical meaning is -1dB.

Tpc2Qin: The default value is 646, and the physical meaning is -2dB.

Apply the default setting of this parameter, and don not modify it.

Description of the Relavant Physical Process


If this parameter is small, the link can change from in-synchronization to out-of-sync more

easily, which can reduce the UE transmission power. If it is big, the threshold will rise, and

the link will change from out-of-sync to in-synchronization more difficultly, which will require

increasing of the UE transmission power.

Returning

3.3.8 Out-of-sync Threshold Qout


When TPC in the timeslot structure is 1bit, Tpc1Qout: [323..513], and the value range of

the number of floating points is [-5dB..-3dB].

When TPC in the timeslot structure is 2bits, Tpc2Qout: [288..457], and the value range of

the number of floating points is [-5.5dB..-3.5dB].

The relations between the parameter value and the dB value of the floating point is:

specified point value = (integer) (10^(dB value of floating point /10)×1024), value range:

[288..575], unit: 1/1024 times.


The dedicated up link out-of-sync threshold, based on 1024.

3) Parameter source

The synchronization and out-of-sync parameters are the internal parameters of NodeB, and

they require to be adjusted at NodeB debugging console.


Tpc1Qout: The default value is 457, and the meaning of the number of floating points is -




3.5dB.

Tpc2Qout: [575...724], the default value is 407, and the meaning of the number of floating

points is -4dB.

Please use the default setting of this parameter, and don not modify it.

Description of the Relavant Physical Process


If this parameter is small, the link is not likely to get out of sync, and the UE transmission

power will be decreased. If it is big, the link UE is likely to get out of sync, and the UE

transmission power will be increased.

Returning

4 Appendix: Power Management Parameter Calculation

Please refer to Attachment 1: Power Management Parameter Calculation.xls




References:

[1] 25.214

[2] 25.331

[3] 25.433

[4] Topical Analysis Report on Power Control Process by Li Zhiming

[5] Solutions on Power Management Algorithm Parameter Configuration by Fu Yusun

[6] WCDMA RNP System Parameter Setting Guide by Zhou Xinjie

[7] 25.101


WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and Parameter Configuration Guidance-20050316-A-1.0

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Transcript of WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and Parameter Configuration Guidance-20050316-A-1.0