WCDMA RNP Phase Guidance Detailed Planning-20050316-A-2.0

Detailed RNP Guideline

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Detailed RNP Guideline( For internal use only

: Prepared by : Reviewed by : Reviewed by : Granted by

Lee Kong Wah

Date Date Date Date

2004-12-02 yyyy-mm-dd yyyy-mm-dd yyyy-mm-dd

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved

2004-09-03

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Revision record Date 2004-08-23 2004-12-02 2005-01-26 Revision version 0.01 0.1 0.3 change Description Revised According to Feedback Dated 2005-01-26 Author Lee Kong Wah Lee Kong Wah Lee Kong Wah

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Table of Contents 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................... 7 2. Workflow & Work Packages ............................................................................................ 7 2.1. Detailed RNP Workflow (Outdoor) ................................................................................... 7 2.1.1. Preliminary RNP & Work Packages ........................................................................... 9 2.1.2. Cell-Level RNP ........................................................................................................ 10 2.2. Common Detailed RNP Workflow (Indoor) .................................................................... 10 2.2.1. Coverage Objective Analysis ................................................................................... 11 2.2.2. Survey & Measurement ........................................................................................... 11 2.2.3. Coverage Prediction & Capacity Dimensioning........................................................ 12 2.2.4. DAS component Selection ....................................................................................... 12 2.2.5. Co-system Analysis ................................................................................................. 12 2.2.6. DAS Design ............................................................................................................. 13 2.2.7. Handover Design ..................................................................................................... 13 3. Preliminary RNP ............................................................................................................ 15 3.1. Information Collection .................................................................................................... 15 3.2. Nominal Network Planning ............................................................................................ 15 3.2.1. Rollout Plan ............................................................................................................. 16 3.2.2. Site Survey .............................................................................................................. 16 3.2.3. Radio Propagation Test ........................................................................................... 19 3.2.4. Propagation Model Tuning....................................................................................... 21 3.2.5. Area Categorization ................................................................................................. 23 3.2.6. Select Usable Site Or Add Nominal Sites ................................................................ 25 3.2.7. Antenna Selection Analysis ..................................................................................... 25 3.2.8. Initial Engineering Parameter Planning.................................................................... 26 3.2.9. Coverage Thresholds Determination ....................................................................... 28 3.2.10. Basic Coverage Prediction ............................................................................. 32 3.2.11. Traffic Model Analysis..................................................................................... 33 3.2.12. Service Model Analysis................................................................................... 33 4. Cell-Level RNP .............................................................................................................. 33 4.1. Site Survey .................................................................................................................... 33 4.2. Engineering Parameter Planning ................................................................................... 34 4.2.1. Overall Process........................................................................................................ 34 4.2.2. Site Related Parameter Planning Procedure ........................................................... 37 4.2.3. Antenna Related Parameter Planning Procedure .................................................... 42 4.3. Co-Site Interference Analysis ........................................................................................ 48 4.3.1. General Descriptions ............................................................................................... 48 4.3.2. Analysis ................................................................................................................... 49 4.3.3. Project Related Issues ............................................................................................. 49 4.4. Spectrum Clearance Test .............................................................................................. 50 4.4.1. General Descriptions ............................................................................................... 50 4.5. Cell Parameter Plan....................................................................................................... 50 4.5.1. General Description ................................................................................................. 50 4.6. TMA Application Analysis .............................................................................................. 55 4.7. Repeater Application Analysis ....................................................................................... 55 4.8. 4 Antenna Transmit Diversity Analysis .......................................................................... 55

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List of Tables1 Example of Node B Rollout Plan ......................................................................................... 16 2 Engineering Parameter List................................................................................................. 27 3 Example of Site Template To Add Nominal Site in UNET Planning Tool ............................ 27 4 Example of Link Budget Calculation.................................................................................... 30 5 Example of Ec Threshold Calculation ................................................................................. 31 6 Example of EcIo Threshold Calculation .............................................................................. 32 7 Equipment Characteristics Description ............................................................................... 40

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List of FiguresFig1. Fig2. Fig3. Fig4. Fig5. Fig6. Fig7. Fig9. Fig10. Fig11. Fig12. Fig13. Fig14. Fig15. Fig16. Fig17. Fig18. Fig19. Fig20. Common Detailed RNP Flow ........................................................................................... 8 Nominal Network Planning Flow ...................................................................................... 9 Indoor RNP Flow ........................................................................................................... 14 Site Survey Flow............................................................................................................ 18 Model Tuning Flow ........................................................................................................ 22 Example Of Area Categorization ................................................................................... 24 Overall Engineering parameter analysis procedure (green field operator)..................... 35 Overall Engineering parameter analysis procedure (Existing operator)......................... 36 Procedure for site related parameter setting (green field operator).......................... 38 Procedure for site related parameter setting (existing operator) .............................. 39 Procedure for equipment selection .......................................................................... 42 Procedure for antenna related parameter setting..................................................... 43 Procedure of Antenna Location Selection................................................................ 44 Antenna Type Selection Procedure ......................................................................... 46 Procedure Of Antenna Azimuth Planning ................................................................ 47 Procedure Of Antenna Downtilt Adjustment............................................................. 48 RNC Area Planning Procedure ................................................................................ 52 Paging Area Planning Procedure............................................................................. 53 Procedure of Manual Neighbor List Planning........................................................... 55

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Detailed RNP GuidelineKey words Detailed RNP, Preliminary RNP, Cell-Level RNP, Preliminary RNP, Nominal Network Planning Abstract

This document describes the procedure of the Detailed Radio Network Planning Process which involves various aspects and stages. Both the Greenfield and Existing 2G operator will be discussed while from the Radio Coverage perspective, Outdoor and Indoor System will also be covered in this document. List of abbreviations Abbreviations Full spelling PRNP Preliminary Radio Network Planning NNP Nominal Network Planning CW Continuous Wave DAS Distributed Antenna System IRS Integrated Radio System UL Uplink DL Downlink TU3 Typical Urban 3Km/H TU30 Typical Urban 30Km/H RFQ Request For Quotation RFP Request For Proposal MAPL Maximum Allowed Path Loss SC Scrambling Code LA Location Area RA Routing Area URA Utran Registration Area SA Service Area Chinese explanation

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1. IntroductionThis document aims to describe from high level, the procedure of the Detailed Radio Network Planning Process (hereinafter referred to as Detailed RNP). Detailed RNP involves various aspects and stages. From the customer type point of view, both the Greenfield and Existing 2G operator will be discussed. The main difference between the 2 is mainly lying on the need of reusing the existing BTS sites when dealing with an existing 2G operator. From the Radio Coverage perspective, both Outdoor and Indoor System are discussed in this document. Most of the RNP stages explained in this document involve the use of outputs from one or more work packages. They will be briefly explained in this document in order to provide a general idea on the overall Detailed RNP Process. However, explanations given in this document are based on the corresponding detailed guidelines that will be crossed reference throughout the entire document. For more information on the technical aspects and details at the operating level, readers are advised to refer to these guidelines.

2. Workflow & Work Packages2.1. Detailed RNP Workflow (Outdoor)Regardless to the type of operator mentioned previously, the Detailed RNP flow is represented in 1. In general, the process is divided into 2 stages, namely Preliminary RNP and Cell-Level RNP. 2 extends more in details with regards to Nominal Network Planning.

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Fig1. Common Detailed RNP Flow

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Fig2. Nominal Network Planning Flow

2.1.1. Preliminary RNP & Work PackagesPreliminary RNP (hereinafter referred to as PRNP) is sometimes referred to as Nominal RNP. It can be either carried out during the pre-sales or post-sales stages. Should the targeted operator is an Existing Operator (who prefers to reuse its existing sites in scale), site survey on2004-09-03 All rights reserved 9,56Page 9 , Total56



its existing sites might need to take place in this stage of planning. This is to acquire the sites information to determine their reuse feasibility. Site information in this context refers to site location (whether it falls into the search ring of the nominal plan), Site height (whether the height fulfills the coverage and interference control objective). All the involved work packages in this stage of planning are listed below: Information Collection Nominal Network Planning Initial Engineering Parameter Planning Coverage Threshold Determination Coverage Prediction Area Survey Site Survey (Optional) CW Test (Optional) Propagation Model Analysis Antenna Selection Analysis Service Model Analysis (Optional) Traffic Model Analysis(Optional) System Simulation(Optional) Should the PRNP is carried out during the presales stage, some of the work packages marked as Optional in the above can be bypassed if time and cost constraints. On the other hand, should the PRNP is carried out during the post sales stage, all the involved work packages are vital to ensure the overall RNP quality.

2.1.2. Cell-Level RNPCell-Level RNP takes place only during the network deployment stage. It takes the outcomes of the Preliminary RNP and converts them into implementation plans that ultimately lead to an operating network. During this stage of planning, all the deployment practicalities and coverage objectives will be considered. All the involved work packages in this stage are listed below: Site Survey (Mandatory) Co-Site Interference Analysis Engineering Parameter Planning Coverage Prediction And/Or System Simulation Cell Parameter Planning

2.2. Common Detailed RNP Workflow (Indoor)The RNP for Indoor Distributed Antenna System (hereinafter referred to as DAS) is2004-09-03 All rights reserved 10,56Page 10 , Total56



categorized into 3 different scenarios i.e. Single WCDMA System Multi System (e.g. GSM/WCDMA/CDMA) involving single operator IRS (Integrated Radio System) involving multi operators Fig3shows the general flow for the Indoor RNP which clearly shows the involved work packages listed below: Coverage Objective Analysis Survey & Measurement Coverage Prediction & Capacity Dimensioning DAS component Selection Co-system Analysis DAS Design Handover Design

2.2.1. Coverage Objective AnalysisThis stage of analysis is to acquire the following design inputs: Exact indoor compound to be covered Described in number of floors, floor areas to be covered and its corresponding coverage probability Capacity to provision for This is coming straight from the indoor traffic forecast. If the involved building has an existing 2G indoor system, the WCDMA forecast can refer to the current traffic statistics. If not, the same outdoor traffic forecast involving traffic and service models can be used Type of Service Described in the highest level of service to be guaranteed, such as PS384, CS64 or Voice 12.2 Budget The budget of the indoor system investment is vital to be considered to avoid a mismatch between customer expectation and the implemented system. It is the responsibility of the RNP engineer to translate the project budget into the network quality and clearly conveyed the facts to the customer during the planning stage.

2.2.2. Survey & MeasurementThis stage of planning involves the acquisition of field information such as floor plans, partitions, fore ceilings design, existing WCDMA coverage from the outdoor, existing 2G coverage from both indoor and outdoor systems. Besides measurement on the existing 2G/3G coverage, a CW test is often required especially when a building without any indoor2004-09-03 All rights reserved 11,56Page 11 , Total56



system is involved. The test results will be used to model the indoor propagation for later stage of coverage prediction.

2.2.3. Coverage Prediction & Capacity DimensioningIndoor coverage prediction is usually done using Keenan-Motley propagation model. With the coverage thresholds for various service known, coupled with the coverage requirements input acquired in the previous planning steps mentioned above, the coverage prediction is carried out and the number of indoor antenna to fulfill the coverage objective can be determined. For more information, please refer to >.

It is often the case where an existing 2G indoor DAS is already operating within the involved building and the WCMDA system is required by the operator to share the existing infrastructure. Therefore, the coverage prediction can refer to the existing indoor coverage. This is achieved by measuring the existing 2G coverage and convert the measurements to the appropriate WCDMA frequency and transmit power to simulate the WCDMA coverage should the indoor system is to reuse the existing 2G indoor DAS. For more information on this technique, please refer to >.

As for the indoor capacity dimensioning, it is principally identical to the outdoor system. The equivalent traffic of each supported service is determined involving the customer first, then, applying the forecasted indoor subscriber, the overall effective traffic is worked out and cross checked with the offered capacity of the designed indoor system. Should the involved building has an existing 2G system, the traffic statistics of this existing system can be used to obtained a more reliable traffic forecast.

2.2.4. DAS component SelectionDAS components include rejection filter, combiner (or sometimes referred to as Integrated Radio System A device used to combine signals from multiple mobile operator before feeding into common DAS), splitter, indoor antenna, feeder, coupler, amplifier and connectors. The selection of these component type not only need to consider their coverage related specifications, it is also important to ensure their isolation specification especially when sharing DAS infrastructure between different WCDMA network but also between 2G/3G networks. For more information, please refer to >. This is to

prevent inter-system interference involving spurious transmission and inter modulation.

2.2.5. Co-system AnalysisAs mentioned before this, indoor WCDMA system that shares DAS infrastructure with other system will need to ensure that the inter-system inference is controlled within acceptable level. There are 2 types of potential inter-system interference i.e. the inter-modulation and spurious2004-09-03 All rights reserved 12,56Page 12 , Total56



transmission. These potential interference can be prevented by carefully selecting the DAS components as well as altering the existing indoor 2G frequency plan. For more information, please refer to >.

2.2.6. DAS DesignWith all the planning steps mentioned before these completed, the indoor RNP outputs will be in the forms on the following: Indoor Antenna & feeder layout plan Indicates the location of all antenna and other components including splitter, coupler, amplifier, feeder runs Indoor Network schematic diagram Indicates all the RF components involved and their RF loss & Gain between the signal source and every distributed antenna Indoor Components Bill Of Quantity The list of all the required RF components of the entire indoor system with their quantity required

2.2.7. Handover DesignHandover design for the indoor system involves different scenarios and each of them requires different techniques or consideration to ensure good call quality. These scenarios include: Intra frequency HO involving Single Indoor Cell and Outdoor cell Inter frequency HO involving Single Indoor Cell and Outdoor cell Intra frequency HO involving Multi Indoor Cells and Outdoor cell Inter frequency HO involving Multi Indoor Cells and Outdoor cell Intra frequency HO involving Multi Indoor Cells 3G/2G Hard HO involving indoor & outdoor Cells For more information on the consideration for each scenarios, please refer to >.

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Fig3. Indoor RNP Flow

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3. Preliminary RNP3.1. Information CollectionIn this document, Information Collection is treated as a standalone work package that marks the start of the detailed RNP. All the required information serves as the inputs to other work pages that take place at different stages of the RNP lifecycle. The required information includes but not limited to: Contractual Requirement Network Objectives Rollout Plan & Constraints Details of the customer existing network and co-location preference if any Competing operator strategy or performance The source of Information includes: Customer Relevant Governing Authorities Relevant Departments within the Company Information Providers and etc. In order to make the information collection process more efficient, different templates (checklists) targeting different operator type (Greenfield or existing 2G Operator) will be used. All the information required as the inputs to different work packages are grouped and categorized into common and unique categories. With this, the chances of repeated effort in acquiring identical information in different stages of the RNP will be minimized. For more information on the required information and the templates involved, please refer to the guideline entitled WCDMA RNP. In a project implementation, most of required information appeared to be in the forms of hardcopy or electronics copy which might not be ready to be shared by the source right at the start of the project. Furthermore, some required information is dependant on certain decisions which are yet to be made along the RNP process. Therefore, it is common to split the information collection into phases. Depending on the commencing date of the work packages involved, the relevant information can be acquired progressively.

3.2. Nominal Network PlanningNominal Network Planning (hereinafter referred to as NNP) is the core work package within a Preliminary RNP process. As mentioned before, PNP can either take place during the presales or post sales stages. Should this activity is carried out during presales stage, some of the work packages explained in the following will be made optional.2004-09-03 All rights reserved 15,56Page 15 , Total56



3.2.1. Rollout PlanRollout Plan in NNP takes inputs from Dimensioning Report and/or Project contract. The most important information from these sources is the number of sites to be built in different timeframes, over different geographical areas. The process of how this number is derived can be obtained from >. As a recap, the following information is the inputs that the Dimensioning process normally based on: Rollout Strategy such as: Initial wide coverage supporting asymmetrical/symmetrical UL/DL services with future service/capacity upgrade/expansion Initial hot-spot coverage supporting asymmetrical/symmetrical UL/DL services with coverage/capacity upgrade/expansion Coverage Probability for various services in different geographical areas UL/DL Cell Loading limits Network Offered capacity All the above information will be reused in the Detailed RNP for different work packages, it is important to ensure that they are consistent with those used during the dimensioning stage to ensure design integrity and customer confidence. The following figure shows an example of a rollout plan extracted from a project contract.Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 29 (29 new) 44 (15 new) 44 (0 new) 165 (165 new) 248 (83 new) 248 (0 new) 125 (125 new) 190 (65 new) 190 (0 new) 0 167 (167 new) 278 (111 new) 100 (100 new) 130 (30 new) 160 (30 new) 419 (419 new) 779 (360 new) 920 (141 new) 1 Example of Node B Rollout Plan Year 4 44 (0 new) 248 (0 new) 190 (0 new) 278 (0 new) 190 (30 new) 950 (30 new)

D-Urban Urban Suburban Rural Indoor Total

3.2.2. Site Survey3.2.2.1. General Description NodeB site surveys are intended to provide a scientific basis for the network construction and planning, minimize the cost of implementing a network coverage and capacity that meet specified quality requirements, and provide a detailed network construction plan for the implementation phase as a guide to such processes as goods preparation, engineering as well as installation and debugging. On a mobile communications network as a whole, an appropriately selected and surveyed NodeB site is of great importance in ensuring a quality network implementation and performance. This section describes the NodeB site survey process in general while more details on its principles can be found in the corresponding guideline entitle WCDMA RNP.2004-09-03 All rights reserved 16,56Page 16 , Total56



NodeB site surveys activity in this context extends to cover both the candidate site search and site surveys as illustrated with its workflow in the following section. 3.2.2.2. Survey Procedure The following figure shows the generalized workflow of the NodeB Site Survey activity.

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Fig4. Site Survey Flow 18,56Page 18 , Total56

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3.2.2.3. Project Related Issues Depending on the type of operator dealt with, the time of the survey activity could differ within the entire lifecycle of the Detailed RNP Planning. When dealing with a Greenfield operator, site survey should be integrated within the Engineering Parameter Analysis (For more details, please refer to guideline entitled WCDMA RNP Engineering Parameter Analysis). With this, most of Engineering Parameter Outputs such as site or antenna related parameters will rely on the outcome of the survey activities. For the case of an existing 2G operator, it is anticipated that if not all, majority of the operators 2G sites and their respective engineering parameters will be reused due to cost, fast deployment concerns and 2G/3G coverage strategy. Therefore, the site survey in this context involves mainly the acquisition and confirmation of all the 2G engineering parameters. With this, the survey activity should take place prior to the coverage prediction stage as the survey outputs serve as the primary input to the predictions. When dealing with an existing 2G operator, there is a possibility of bypassing the survey activity as the 2G site information is usually documented and made available for reference. The reason of skipping the survey activity is mainly to speed up the network deployment process. However, this option is only viable provided the documented 2G site information is proven accurate and well maintained.

3.2.3. Radio Propagation Test3.2.3.1. General Description Radio Propagation Test is meant to measure how the environment influences the radio signal propagation. The output of this test is used mainly to tune radio propagation models in order to well-represents the actual environment of the planned network (For more details on the propagation models tuning, please refer to guideline entitled WCDMA RNP (Enterprise)) . Both the Radio Propagation Test & Radio Propagation Tuning process could well be carried out prior to RN Dimensioning stage where the tuned model (embedded in ) were used to obtain good cell radius estimation over various clutter types. These cell radius serve as one of the dimensioning inputs to determine the number of Node B sites required for the network. Getting back to the NNP process, the estimated cell radius will also be used in the stage of Select Usable Sites Or Add Nominal Site described in the NNP to provide some baseline to the selection of existing site or the addition of new sites when deemed necessary. Most importantly, the Radio Propagation Test results are also used to tune the propagation models in the prediction tool for coverage prediction as described in the NNP flow. In general, Radio propagation test can either involve Continuous Wave (CW), existing2004-09-03 All rights reserved 19,56Page 19 , Total56



WCDMA Pilot Power (CPICH Ec) or existing GSM Broadcast Channel Power (BCCH RxLev). More details on the test can be obtained from the guideline entitled WCDMA RNP . Radio Propagation Test in this context extends to cover both outdoor and indoor sites. For the case of indoor system, the test involves mainly the measurement of the existing Indoor GSM Broadcast Channel Power (BCCH RxLev). Instead of using these test output to develop an Indoor propagation model, the output is used to determine the feasibility of sharing the existing GSM Indoor infrastructure in offering WCDMA coverage. More details on how the Indoor Propagation Test result is used in designing an Indoor WCDMA system can be obtained from the guideline entitled WCDMA RNP . 3.2.3.2. Test Procedure Regardless to the network scenario (indoor or outdoor system) or the type of propagation test (CW, CPICH Ec or BCCH RxLev), the test procedure normally involves the following steps: Information Collection Site Selection Test Transmitter Setup (not relevant to CPICH Ec or BCCH RxLev test) Measurement Test result processing and Analysis For more details on the above, standard operating procedure of the test as well as a comparison on the type of propagation test, please refer to detailed guideline entitled >. 3.2.3.3. Project Related Issues Radio Propagation Test makes available accurate propagation model that serves as the basis of quality Radio Network Plan. However the test itself is both time and labor intensive exercise. Therefore, in a project implementation, Radio Propagation Test can sometimes be treated as an optional item to bypass when cost and time are of great concern. Should the Radio propagation test is bypassed, the quality of the Radio Network Plan should still be ensured. This can be achieved by reusing certain propagation models that were already developed in the past under similar propagation environment. A guideline entitled WCDMA RNP compiles and summarizes all the internally tuned propagation models and it is made available for reference. Should an Existing 2G Operator project decide to carry out its own Radio Propagation Test, the choice of radio signal between CW and BCCH RxLev relies not only on the result accuracy, it will also depends on the project cost and time consideration. In general, a Radio Propagation Test on the existing BCCH RxLev consumes less time as no access and installation to the base station sites is necessary.2004-09-03 All rights reserved 20,56Page 20 , Total56



3.2.4. Propagation Model Tuning3.2.4.1. General Description Radio propagation model serves as the basis of a quality Radio Network Planning and the use of accurate models is of great importance in ensuring reliable and cost effective Radio Network Plan. Propagation Model Tuning is a process of obtaining the radio propagation model that best-represents the actual local environment in coverage prediction. In most of the future WCDMA projects, it is envisioned that one of the two Radio Network Planning Tools listed below will be used, they are: Aircom Enterprise Huawei UNET Both tools are equipped with Okumura-Hata Models (Empirical Models) as the standard package while Theoretical Models (Ray-Tracing Models) are delivered as optional modules from third party companies. 3.2.4.2. Model Selection The choice of planning tool is transparent to the Radio Network Planning described in this guideline. However, the choice between Empirical and Theoretical Models in a project depends on the following: Project Budget Customer Expectation And Preference Nature And Complexity of the propagation environment Digital Map Availability Nevertheless, it is anticipated that most of the future projects will apply Empirical Models considering the above aspects. 3.2.4.3. Model Tuning Procedure The following workflow illustrates the general procedure in Empirical Model Tuning (Enterprise Version). More details can be obtained from the guideline entitled WCDMA RNP (Enterprise).

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Fig5. Model Tuning Flow

For the case of UNET Empirical Model, the definition of model parameter and tuning procedure differ from the ones with Enterprise. For more information, please refer to Huawei UNET User Manual. For the case of Theoretical Model, no individual Model Tuning Guideline will be developed as it is not foreseen to be widely used in the future projects. However, Tuning Procedure on these models can be obtained from their respective user and reference guide

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3.2.4.4. Project Related Issues Similar to Radio Propagation Test, Radio Propagation Model Tuning can sometimes treated as an optional item to bypass when cost and time are of great concern. Should the Radio Propagation Model Tuning is bypassed, the quality of the Radio Network Plan should still be ensured. This can be achieved by reusing certain propagation models that were already developed in the past under similar propagation environment. A guideline entitled WCDMA RNP compiles and summarizes all the internally tuned propagation models and it is made available for reference.

3.2.5. Area Categorization3.2.5.1. General Description Area categorization involves first of all, an area survey over the targeted coverage area. This survey aims to collect more information on the propagation environment to further subdivide the coverage area into smaller region which requires different coverage objective from the Ec & EcIo perspective. The required information to acquire includes but not limit to the following: Targeted Service (CS64 UL & PS384 DL or CS64 UL & CS64 DL or etc.)Note: CS64 UL & PS384 DL in this context refers to a requirement that customer potentially specifies. I.e., the customer might intend to support at least CS64 continuously on the uplink but on top of it, it might also require the DL to support PS384 continuously. If that is the case, we should analyze with link budget to find out which is he limiting link and work out the Ec threshold accordingly. For this example, clearly, DL is likely to be the limiting link.

Depth of coverage (Indoor, outdoor or Incar) Propagation Channel Type (TU3, TU30 & etc.) Penetration loss (Indoor or Incar) Propagation models Slow fade standard deviation The following figure shows an example of Area Categorization provided by an operator during the bidding stage. In the figure, the operator had clearly divided the targeted coverage area into different clutter type. Usually, the Targeted Service Type, Depth of Coverage is also provided by the operator for the network dimensioning purpose. In this case, Area Survey will need to focus on the acquisition of information in the field to determine the suitable Propagation Channel Type, Penetration Loss, Propagation Models, Slow Fade Standard Deviation for various area category. If the Area Categorization is not provided at any stage of the RNP by the operator, then it will be the responsibility of the RF team to work out the area category by involving operator intensively.

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Fig6. Example Of Area Categorization

Similar to the Radio Propagation Test & Propagation Model Tuning work packages, Area Categorization can be well performed prior to the RN Dimensioning stage. The acquired information will be used then as the inputs to the WCDMA RNP , where the number of Node B sites are estimated over each of these Area Categories. Most importantly, the second usage of the above acquired information is to work out the required Ec & EcIo threshold for the relevant area category. These thresholds will be applied during the coverage prediction to ensure the support of the relevant service. 3.2.5.2. Project Related Issues Area survey is usually carried out during the RN Dimensioning stage should the required information mentioned in the previous section is not made available or fully available by the operator. All the acquired information at that stage should be reused to derive the coverage radius as well as thresholds in the NNP stage. This is to ensure technical integrity and customer confidence upon us.

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3.2.6. Select Usable Site Or Add Nominal SitesUp to this stage of the NNP, the following inputs are derived or made ready: Rollout Plan Survey Report of Usable Sites Area Categories With the rollout plan serving as the fundamental, and depending on where the planning area falls into in terms of the Area Categories, Node B sites are inserted into the planning tool. The inter sites distance or site spacing will be based on the predicted cell radius corresponding to the Area Category. The cell radius for each Area Category is supposed to be consistent with the one estimated during the RN dimensioning stage if available. Should an existing operator is dealt with, priority should be given to usable sites provided by the operator. This is to comply with the need of operator to minimize the rollout cost by maximizing site co-location.

3.2.7. Antenna Selection Analysis3.2.7.1. General Description Antenna Selection Analysis is usually carried out after the Area Categorization activity. The aim of the analysis is to determine the best few antenna types to be used during the network implementation based on the following consideration: Coverage Area Categorization from the RF propagation perspective In-Band Interference Control from the Traffic and NodeB sites distribution perspective Installation Constraint Out-Of-Band Interference Control from 2G/3G site co-locating perspective 2G/3G coverage balancing especially when dealing with existing 2G operator Operators preference from commercial perspective if any, like budget, inventory control Vendor preference from optimization point of view Operator co-locating strategy should an existing operator is involved Once determined, the selected antenna types shall be submitted to the operator for purchase and they will serve as the choice during Initial Engineering Parameter Planning and Engineering Parameter Planning stages. This section will focus mainly on the selection analysis based on the operator types and the project nature. For more information on the technical consideration when selecting the antenna types, please refer to a more detailed guideline entitled >. 3.2.7.2. Existing Operator For the case of existing operator, Site Co-locating & Antenna Sharing Strategy is the most important consideration when selecting the types of antenna. When these operators are involved,2004-09-03 All rights reserved 25,56Page 25 , Total56



it is foreseen that certain ratio of dualband (1710~2170 / 1710~2170 MHz or 824~960 / 1710~2170 MHz) or even triple band antenna (824~960 / 1710~2170 / 1710~2170 MHz) usage would arise. From an existing operator perspective, the tendency of Site Co-locating & Antenna Sharing is mainly due to the aims to speed up network implementation. This if not carefully dealt with by the RNP team, will tend to overlook the risk of affecting the network quality. The drawbacks of using dualband or triple band antenna are: Higher risk of inter-system interference due to spurious transmission and inter-modulation High restriction on future WCDMA coverage optimization as room for WCMDA coverage adjustment is limited to avoid affecting existing 2G coverage Therefore, it is important for the RNP team to work closely with the existing operator to ensure that the use of these antenna type is not overly done up to the point where the overall network quality is put in jeopardy. Besides considering the choice of antenna operating band, the choice of other technical specification like Antenna Gain, Beamwidth and Downtilt usually needs to refer to the existing 2G antennas specifications. This is because an existing operator would always prefer to mimic the existing 2G coverage. Therefore, on most of the co-located sites, the choice of the antenna will rely on the specification of the existing 2G antennas. In this context, the outcome of the Antenna Selection Analysis is likely to be a 2G to 3G antenna mapping table which recommends the types of WCDMA antenna to be added near the existing 2G antenna (separate 2G/3G antennas) or to replace the existing 2G antenna (shared 2G/3G antenna). 3.2.7.3. Greenfield Operator As mentioned previously in section 3.2.5, the overall coverage area is divided into various categories like Dense Urban, Urban, Rural, Highway and etc. Each of these area categories will have unique propagation environment and their coverage requirement. These in turns will determine the general sector configuration on area category basis. Furthermore, different area category observes different needs in coverage and interference control which also in turns determines the choice of antenna from the perspective of antenna gain, beamwidth, polarization type, downtilt. For more information on the technical consideration when selecting the antenna types, please refer to a more detailed guideline entitled >.

3.2.8. Initial Engineering Parameter PlanningEngineering Parameters include those listed in the following 2.

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Parameters

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Equipment Type (NodeB / RRU / Repeater) Sector Configuration (Cell & Sector No.) Antenna Position Type Down-tilt Azimuth TMA Feeder type2 Engineering Parameter List

First of all, if a Greenfield operator is dealt with, where the use of existing sites is limited, most of the Engineering parameter can be set as standard default by creating some site templates in the planning tool for different Area category. For example in UNET tool, a standard site template for Dense Urban area category is shown in the following 3. It should be noted that the choice of Antenna type should refer to the output of a previous step called Antenna Selection Analysis as described in 3.2.7.

Dense Urban Site Template Number Of Sector 3 Hexagonal Radius 500m Azimuth 0/120/240 Mech. DT 8 Antenna Height 30m Antenna Type UMWD06513-6D Max BTS Pwr 43dBm Pilot Pwr 33dBm SCH Pwr 17dBm Other CCH Pwr 27dBm3 Example of Site Template To Add Nominal Site in UNET Planning Tool

Hexagonal Radiuss value indicated in 3 should come from the cell radius prediction described in 3.2.4. This radius defines a hexagon around the site created using the template to help speeding up the process of Adding Nominal Sites described in 3.2.6. For the case of Existing Operator, where most of the Node B sites will be selected from the list of operators usable site, most the initial engineering parameter will be set as the existing 2G settings. This is due to the fact that operator tends to mimic the existing coverage 2G coverage as they know the existing 2G coverage had all these while been optimized to cover where they are supposed to. These parameters usually are height, sector configuration, antenna location,27,56Page 27 , Total56

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downtilt and azimuth.

3.2.9. Coverage Thresholds Determination3.2.9.1. General Descriptions Before entering Coverage Prediction Or Simulation stage, the network coverage objectives obtained in 3.1 shall be translated into various performance thresholds and made ready as one of the inputs to the planning tool. Depending on the choice between Basic Coverage Prediction and Simulation, different sets of thresholds shall be determined and used as the indicator of the radio network performance. For this version of guideline, simulation is left out temporarily from discussion together with the Traffic & Service model Analysis work packages. Therefore, only those coverage thresholds used in the Basic Coverage prediction will be discussed in this document. From the Basic coverage prediction perspective, coverage objectives include the following aspects: Threshold of the Received Signal Strength in supporting designated Service (represented in CPICH Ec) Threshold of the Received Signal Quality in supporting designated Service (Represented in CPICH EcIo) Cell Capacity meeting the anticipated Traffic & Service Distribution In determining the top 2 thresholds, both Indoor and Outdoor criteria might be studied depending on the requirement from the operator. Cell Capacity will be embedded in the Ec Threshold determination where in Basic Coverage Prediction, usually set as fix percentage of uplink and downlink loadings, for example 50% UL Loading & 75% DL Loading. Regardless to the type of Green-field or existing 2G operator, the Thresholds Determination process is similar. These thresholds when decided, will serve as the inputs to the Radio Planning Tool where they are imposed on the relevant predictions. The ultimate designed Radio Network should have both the Ec & EcIo predictions performing better than these pre-determined thresholds. 3.2.9.2. Information Collection The information required includes but not limits to: RFQ/RFP issued by the Operator (At the bidding stage) Final Technical Proposal/Response to the Operator RFQ/RFP The Final Technical Proposal/Response to the Operator RFQ/RFP normally contains the required number of sites and their configuration which fulfills all the operator coverage & capacity objectives. The engineering process involving the calculations and technical assumptions made are normally explained in the same proposal and it is out of the scope of this document. For2004-09-03 All rights reserved 28,56Page 28 , Total56



more information, please refer to the guidelines entitled WCDMA RNP and WCDMA RNP . 3.2.9.3. Link Budget Calculation The Link Budgets developed during the Network Dimensioning stage serve as the inputs to the Coverage Objectives Determination. Extracted from the WCDMA RNP , the following figure is an example of the standard Link Budget targeting different clutters and services. From this example, it is observed (based on line item (dB), which is hereinafter referred to as MAPL) that for the case of Dense Urban (Uplink CS64k, Downlink PS384k), the overall coverage will be downlink limited. However, for the case of Urban (Uplink CS64k, Downlink CS64k), the overall coverage will be uplink limited. For the purpose of Ec threshold determination, the smaller MAPL between uplink and downlink will be taken.

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Dense UrbanUplink Downlink PS384k CS64k

UrbanUplink CS64k Downlink CS64k

(dBm) Tx(dB) Tx(dB) Tx(dBi) EIRP(dBm) Rx(dBi) Rx(dB) Rx(dB) (dB) EbvsN0(dB) (dBm) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dBm) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) UE(m) (m) (dB) (km)

2-Ant NoDiv 3 Sectors Yes No TU3 21.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.00 17.00 3 0 5.20 3.48 -120.26 50% 3.01 1.5 3.14 -129.61 38.00 3.00 0.00 17.00 52.00 0 0 0 7.00 4.72 -106.44 75% 1.91 0 0.96 -103.57 22 11.7 95% 14.15 5.99 120.45 0.00 119.42

2-Ant NoDiv 3 Sectors Yes No TU30 21.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.00 17.00 3 0 5.20 3.79 -119.95 50% 3.01 1.5 0.95 -131.49 22 9.4 90% 6.97 4.10 127.62 1.5 30.00 1950 2140 COST231-HATA 0.53 0.53 4.10 128.91 29.80 3.00 0.00 17.00 43.80 0 0 0 7.00 5.96 -112.98 75% 4.40 1.5 0.1 -109.98

1.5 30.00 1950 2140 COST231-HATA 0.27 0.23

4 Example of Link Budget Calculation

3.2.9.4. Capacity Dimensioning As mentioned previously, capacity dimensioning is embedded in the link budget calculation during the RN dimensioning stage. Operator often requests a fix percentage of UL/DL loading for the basic RN design. On the other hand, operator might or might not provide information on the traffic and service models. If certain traffic and service models were defined and provided, the2004-09-03 All rights reserved 30,56Page 30 , Total56



resultant traffic from the models should first be distributed onto each cell either based on even distribution assumption or according to certain traffic distribution pattern if made available. From there, the design of a fix percent of UL & DL loading (for example 50% UL & 75% DL) is examined against its capability in supporting the offered traffic. If the result is positive, then the fix percentage Link Budget will be final and used to derive the coverage threshold. Should the result is found negative, then, depending on which link is limiting, different methods will be adopted to cater for the traffic. For the case of uplink being limiting, the cell radius of the limiting link needs to be artificially reduced in order to cover less traffic, this in turns leads to the need of more Node B sites to cater for the traffic. For the case of downlink being limiting, additional carriers should first be the solution before considering adopting the same method for uplink limiting case as additional site involves higher cost as compared to additional carriers. For more information on Capacity Dimensioning, please refer to guideline entitled WCDMA RNP . 3.2.9.5. Coverage Thresholds Determination With the final Link Budget Calculation obtained, relevant information can be extracted from the Link Budget to work out both the Ec & EcIo Thresholds. Ec Extending the above example for the case of Urban Area, the final Link Budget shows that the Uplink is limiting while the resultant MAPL fulfilled the anticipated traffic. From there, the following calculation will lead to the CS64 Thresholds for the Urban Area.A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q Item Max Power of UE Atenna Gain of UE NF of NodeB Rx bit rate of service EbvsNo in UL Sensitivity in UL UL loading noise rise SHO Gain fast fading margin max CL in UL PL_CL - PL_DL max CL in DL CPICH Tx Pwr Indoor Penetration Loss Slow Fade Margin Indoor RSCP Threshold CS64 21.00 0.00 5.20 64 3.79 -116.95 50% 3.01 1.50 0.95 135.49 1.37 136.86 33.00 22.00 9.40 -72.46 Calculation

F=-174+C+E+10Log(1000D) H=-10Log(1-G)

K=A+B-F-H+I-J UL to DL loss correction M=K+L

Q=N-M+O+P

5 Example of Ec Threshold Calculation

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EcIo Regardless to the coverage requirement of Indoor or Outdoor, as well as the traffic demand, the EcIo Thresholds for various services can be derived with the following calculation.A B C D Item bit rate of service DL EbvsNo P_TCH - P_CPICH EcvsIo required CS64 64 5.9 0 -11.882 Calculation

33dBm-33dBm D=B-10Log(3840/A)-C

6 Example of EcIo Threshold Calculation

3.2.9.6. Project Related Issues During the project implementation stage, the initial Link Budget derived during the Dimensioning stage might require modification when more and more technical and financial information or decisions are made. Therefore, it is important to keep the Link Budget up to date and the same process of Coverage Thresholds Determination should be repeated in order to obtain the updated Thresholds to be use in the prediction tool. In terms of Ec determination during the project implementation, the Slow Fade Margin assumed in the Dimensioning stage can be excluded from the calculation should a Theoretical Propagation Model (eg, Ray Tracing) is used. However, a prediction margin might need to be considered and this decision should be made aware to the operator as it affects Radio Network Plan significantly. For more information, please refer to >.

3.2.10.

Basic Coverage Prediction

3.2.10.1. General Description Basic Coverage Prediction involves both Ec and EcIo analysis using planning tool like NetAct Enterprise and UNET. In both the analysis, the performance of the radio network plan in supporting the required service is represented by the CPICH Ec and EcIo prediction. This methodology is already explained in 3.2.9. Should the performance of the initial RN plan is found lack, the initial engineering parameter will be adjusted in order to meet both the Ec & EcIo objective. This usually takes several iteration before a good performance is achieved. 3.2.10.2. Ec Performance Checking Ec performance is usually the firstly checked. Depending on the type of service being designed for, the corresponding Ec Threshold derived in section 3.2.9.5 will be adopted in the checking. Should Ec strength is found lack in certain area, depending on the importance of that particular area, the solution will be: Adjusting the azimuth, Downtilt, type of nearby antenna Adding sector on nearby site Adding site (RRU, repeater or Node-B) in the middle of the coverage hole or new sectors on2004-09-03 All rights reserved 32,56Page 32 , Total56



nearby sites 3.2.10.3. EcIo Performance Checking Once Ec performance is meeting the objective, EcIo will be checked. Depending on the type of service being designed for, the corresponding Ec Threshold derived in section 3.2.9.5 will be adopted in the checking. Should Ec strength is found lack in certain area, depending on the importance of that particular area, the solution will be: Adjusting the azimuth, Downtilt, type of nearby antenna Adding site (RRU, repeater or Node-B) in the middle of the bad EcIo zone Cell combining Frequency changing 3.2.10.4. Project Related Issues When an existing operator is dealt with, the process of adjusting the initial engineering parameter is likely made final if the information gathered with regards to the existing sites is reliable. In other words, the step of Engineering Parameter Planning described in the Cell Level RNP will likely focus on new nominal sites, or on those existing sites that are close to the newly added nominal sites once these new sites location are finalized after the survey. For the case of Greenfield operator, the Initial Engineering Parameter adjustment during the NRP is preliminary as most of them involve new sites that are yet to be acquired. Therefore, the adjustment is only to improve the overall performance while a more realistic adjustment will only be carried out during the Cell Level Planning where the location of the sites are finalized and with the situations of the rooftop are understood.

3.2.11.Pending

Traffic Model Analysis

3.2.12.Pending

Service Model Analysis

4. Cell-Level RNP4.1. Site SurveyCell-Level RNP starts with the site survey activity on all the existing sites (those which are not surveyed in PRNP) and proposed new nominal sites. As previously mentioned, the process of site survey in this document extends to cover the site search. For the case of Greenfield operator, most of the survey work is carried out in this level of RNP while for the case of existing operator, which involves most their existing 2G sites, the survey work might well been conducted2004-09-03 All rights reserved 33,56Page 33 , Total56



during the PRNP as described in 3.2.2. More details on the site survey principles can be found in the corresponding guideline entitle WCDMA RNP.

4.2. Engineering Parameter PlanningSimilar to the case of site survey, depending on the type of operator (Greenfield or existing), part of the Engineering Parameter Planning work might well be carried out in the stage of PRNP if an existing operator is dealt with. Engineering parameters are directly associated with site, antenna, and equipment configuration such as site location & height, antenna type, mechanical & electrical down-tilt, common channel power, etc. (Please refer to 2 ). In this table, all the engineering parameters are categorized into Site Related and Antenna Related groups. It is with this order of planning should adhere to since it is proportionate to the influence on the final network performance. In other words, site related parameters such as location, height, etc. are the most significant key factor determining network performance. And then more minute design is able to be achieved via antenna and equipment related parameter setting. In this section, more details will be presented with regards to the process of Engineering Parameter Planning to both Greenfield & Existing operators.

4.2.1. Overall ProcessFig7 & Fig9 represents the overall Engineering Parameter Planning for Greenfield and existing

operators respectively. It is the input information that makes the difference of engineering parameter between green field and existing network planning. Since site co-location is often adopted as a solution by existing operator, it is therefore designated in Fig9, the planned site number in the initial rollout has a great influence on the engineering parameter analysis. In the case where the targeted site number in the initial rollout is found higher than the number of existing 2G sites, the same site survey process applied for the green field case will be carried out. Contrary to that, if the targeted site number in the initial rollout is found lower than the number of existing 2G sites, then site elimination shall be performed via planning tool since less site is planned to be installed.

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Fig7. Overall Engineering parameter analysis procedure (green field operator) Fig8.

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Fig9. Overall Engineering parameter analysis procedure (Existing operator) 36,56Page 36 , Total56

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4.2.2. Site Related Parameter Planning ProcedureFig10 & Fig11 shows the procedure of site related parameter setting for green field and integrated network case respectively. Once again, it is obvious from Fig10, the procedure of Site Related Parameter Planning applied on Greenfield operator involves Site Survey (on new sites) intensively. Whereas for an existing operator, most of the sites will be existing sites, therefore these sites information are often acquired or verified in the stage of PRNP. Hence, as indicated by Fig11, the procedure of Site Related Parameter Planning applied on Existing operator involves mainly Eliminate Sites or Add Sites based on the comparison between the Targeted Site Number and the Existing Site Number. However, should new sites are found required to complement the coverage of the existing sites, the same site survey process for a Greenfield operator will be applied. The Site Related Parameter Planning procedure starts with Node-B site candidate survey. The prerequisites for site survey are: Defining dominant coverage and drawing it on the map The dominant coverage map described here is not only coverage concern. The coverage boundary in this map should be decided with a variety of consideration including capacity, service priority as well as coverage as shown in Fig10 Grouping the site survey zone by the order of service priority When conducting site survey for green field operator, it is of great important to do grouping of whole planning area according to the traffic distribution and critical region from marketing perspective. Following this process, time schedule and visiting order for site survey might be determined and ensure its efficiency. During and after the site survey, the candidate sites will be checked on their ability in meeting RF requirement from 3 perspectives i.e.: Coverage Related Consideration First of all, the nominal locations of the candidate sites are determined based on the Basic Prediction Analysis described in NNP stage. Besides, marketing is another possible source of information on the candidate site location based on the importance of certain areas getting covered with certain services. With that, each candidate during the survey, will have its height and location checked against their ability in covering the pre-defined dominant coverage area. Capacity Related Consideration 2G traffic could be a good reference to forecast 3G traffic. Also the traffic distribution is influenced significantly from operators marketing strategy. All this traffic related factors should be included and marked in dominant coverage map. Therefore, during and after the site survey, it is important to ensure the selected sites are able to cover the forecasted traffic2004-09-03 All rights reserved 37,56Page 37 , Total56



hot. Interference Related Consideration During and after the survey, RF engineer should consider making full use of the surrounding obstacles in order to minimize the unwanted signal spillover from the candidate sites. This is because site selected without considering interference toward surroundings might decrease the whole network performance in terms of coverage as well as capacity.

Fig10.

Procedure for site related parameter setting (green field operator)

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Fig11.

Procedure for site related parameter setting (existing operator) 39,56Page 39 , Total56

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For the case of existing operator (please refer to Fig11), the Site Related Parameter planning involves some additional steps described as Eliminate Sites & Add Sites. Should the initial rollout site number found lower than the existing 2G sites, then some sites will need to be eliminated in order to keep the rollout number consistent with the plan. The site elimination is based on the Ec & EcIo prediction results. First of all, existing sites which are meant for 2G capacity purposes are eliminated as capacity is of the least concern in initial 3G rollout. Should the remaining site number still exceed the initial rollout number, then sites that impose excessive overlap will be eliminated. Often in a real project involving existing operator, the site remaining site number at this stage should be found close to the rollout number after the first 2 rounds of elimination. Should the number still found to be excessive, the 3rd round of elimination will prioritize those sites that impose worst EcIo problems. Contrary to the site elimination, sites will need to be added in the case of initial rollout site number higher than the existing 2G sites. The process of adding sites will first tackle Ec problem followed by EcIo and capacity problems. Beside the site location and height, adequate equipment type should be selected to ensure the desired coverage and capacity from the specific site. In the hope of selecting appropriate equipment type in each site, first we need to know hardware characteristics of available equipments from coverage as well as capacity point of view. 7 summarizes the key features of each equipment type.Equipment Type DL (Max. Tx pwr) Node B 3812 3806 3806A 3802C RRU Repeater 3802C Optic fiber RF*** *** *** 1 Outdoor *** 20 W 20 W 20 W 20 W 20 W -130 dBm (4 way div.) -130 dBm (4 way div.) -130 dBm (4 way div.) -130 dBm (4 way div.) * -128 dBm (2 way div.)** *** ***

Coverage UL (Min. Sensitivity)

Capacity (single cabinet) Max. voice channel1536 768 768 64 128

Installa tion Max. cell12 6 6 2 2 1 Indoor Indoor Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor

7 Equipment Characteristics Description

* This feature is able to be provided only 1cell 1carrier configuration ** The sensitivity might be degraded due to intermediate optic link

*** H/W characteristics linked with repeater is vendor dependent. Generally the maximum transmit power is lower than standard NodeB and uplink coverage (i.e. sensitivity) is dependent on intermediate link and adopted diversity technique. Unlike NodeB & RRU, repeater is not2004-09-03 All rights reserved 40,56Page 40 , Total56



capacity-independent equipment, which means the traffic coming from repeater coverage shares the capacity of donor NodeB. Fig12 shows the procedure for selecting adequate equipment to complete site related parameter setting. Once the site location and height is determined, the expected coverage is predicted. Coupled with the traffic forecast, the Node-B equipment type can be decided by going through several decision making indicated in Fig12. First of all, site with wide coverage will definitely require a Node-B. As to the type of Node-B, it will depend on the amount of traffic and the location of the equipment. For example, site with High traffic expected will require the use of Node-B type 3812 and vice versa. However, the possible location of the equipment will also play a role in determining the equipment. The rule of thumb will be, indoor installation will always require smaller Node-B type in size as the indoor location is often restricted in terms of installation space. In the other hand, if the expected coverage is small, the choice of equipment type is mainly between repeater and RRU, with some exceptions given to hot spot area with relatively Medium level of traffic forecast and also to site with no suitable donor site in terms of received level. Small coverage site with Low traffic forecast will need to check the availability of optical link. If optical link is not available, then RF repeater will be the choice. Contrary to that, if the optical link is available, the choice of the equipment, depending on the pilot pollution potential, the choice between RRU and Optical repeater will be made.

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Fig12.

Procedure for equipment selection

4.2.3. Antenna Related Parameter Planning ProcedureOnce the site related parameters are determined, the next step of the Engineering Parameter Analysis will be on Antenna Related Parameter plan. Fig13 shows the general procedure for antenna related parameter setting on both Greenfield and existing operator. From Fig13, it is observed that the Antenna Related Parameter Planning procedure involves the determination of the Antenna position, Antenna Type, Accessory Type, Antenna Azimuth and Antenna Downtilt.2004-09-03 All rights reserved 42,56Page 42 , Total56



Fig13.

Procedure for antenna related parameter setting

4.2.3.1. Antenna Position Fig14 shows a more detail procedure for Antenna location selection. There are several considerations to made when deciding the location of the antenna on a site and they are : Ensuring the desired coverage The selected location should have a good view towards the desired dominant area2004-09-03 All rights reserved 43,56Page 43 , Total56



Antenna Pole Type The type of pole mounting type indirectly determines the location of the antenna, often is the case where pole mount type is preferred for the sake of easy access Maximum Downtilt Angle Inter-system Interference The selected antenna location should ensure sufficient isolation to/from other co-located system. For more information on the isolation requirement with regards to different system, please refer to a more detailed guideline entitled >. Should the isolation requirement is found insufficient, then certain solution such as applying rejection filter might be required.

Fig14.

Procedure of Antenna Location Selection

4.2.3.2. Antenna Type Antenna Type Selection in this stage is usually referring to the selection of antenna from a2004-09-03 All rights reserved 44,56Page 44 , Total56



pool of antennas which is already been made during the Antenna Selection Analysis described under NNP in 3.2.7. As explained in section 3.2.7, the choice of the antenna type with regards to where the sites fall into in terms of area categorization such as Dense Urban, Urban, rural and etc. In addition to that, additional consideration will also need to be taken on per site bases to further ensure that the chosen antenna type fully meets the requirement on the particular sites. Fig15 shows the procedure of Antenna Selection Procedure on per site basis. First of all, if there is insufficient mounting space on the site, then it is likely to choose low gain antenna as its size is usually small to fit the limiting mounting space. If mounting space is not an issue, then the number of sector, the height of the site and the intended coverage of the sector will all play a role in determining the type of antenna from the perspectives of tilting mechanism, vertical beamwidth, horizontal beamwidth and gain.

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Fig15.

Antenna Type Selection Procedure

4.2.3.3. Azimuth In this stage of planning, the initial azimuth setting decided during the NNP stage is adjusted according to the real rooftop situation during and after the site survey. The input to the planning will be the prediction result, intended dominant coverage, antenna type selected and number of sector per site. When adjusting the sector azimuth to maximize the intended dominant coverage being covered, the minimum allowed angle between adjacent sectors will need to be kept as well.46,56Page 46 , Total56

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Fig16.

Procedure Of Antenna Azimuth Planning

4.2.3.4. Mechanical & Electrical Downtilt Similar to the antenna azimuth, the initial mechanical & Electrical Downtilt decided during the NNP will also need to be adjusted in this stage of planning. Fig17 shows the basic procedure with regards to the downtilt adjustment. Based on the desired coverage and the effective antenna height, the downtilt of the antenna is determined and checked against its maximum allowed downtilt and the desired performance. Should the calculated downtilt fulfills both criteria, then the downtilt is final, if not, more iteration in adjustment is required to find the best solution.

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Fig17.

Procedure Of Antenna Downtilt Adjustment

4.2.3.5. Accessory Device Type Accessory device type application is normally decided during the initial engineering parameter planning described in NNP. For example, all sites which fall into the rural category that observes high tower will design to apply MHA. This is to extend the coverage and indirectly, reduce the number of site required for coverage purpose. The other accessory to be determined its type is the feeder cable. Depending on the distance between the equipment and the antenna location on per site basis, the type of the feeder will be decided to ensure reasonable feeder loss.

4.3. Co-Site Interference Analysis 4.3.1. General DescriptionsWith the increase in the number of operators and new radio access technology within the market, the chances of having co-located BTS sites has also greatly increased. On these sites,2004-09-03 All rights reserved 48,56Page 48 , Total56



the inter-system interference needs to be prevented by ensuring sufficient separation/isolation between the antenna systems.

4.3.2. AnalysisCo-Site Interference Analysis involves all the Radio Technologies Systems that are likely to share the same location with the designed WCDMA sites. In general, all the following systems needs to have their impact, based on their respective equipment specifications, analyzed. WCDMA NodeB & GSM 900MHz BS WCDMA NodeB & GSM 1800MHz BS WCDMA NodeB & PHS BS WCDMA NodeB & CDMA2000 BS WCDMA NodeB & TD-SCDMA2000 BS WCDMA NodeB & WCDMA BS With this, recommendations or rules of installation should be made clear and practiced on all the following co-locating scenarios: Omni versus Omni Antenna Omni versus Directional Antenna Directional versus Directional Antenna Shared Antenna & Feeder Shared Antenna But Separate Feeder Separate Antenna But Shared feeder All the above with the addition of TMA Shared Indoor Distributed Antenna The recommendations or rules of installation shall include but not limit to the following: Horizontal Separation Distance Between Separate Antenna Vertical Separation Distance Between Separate Antenna Crossing Angle Between Separate Antenna with different Vertical & Horizontal Separation Distance Isolation Between ports of Share Antenna The use of additional Rejection Filters For more information on the Co-Site Interference Analysis, please refer to the guideline entitled WCDMA RNP .

4.3.3. Project Related IssuesDuring the implementation stage, it is often the case where the recommended antenna separation between different systems cannot be achieved. This is due to the limitation on the installation space on the sites as well as the implementation cost. Therefore, specific test and2004-09-03 All rights reserved 49,56Page 49 , Total56



analysis on various scenarios should be carried out either on the site or lab based on per project basis. This is to find out the minimum acceptable separation and the results could lead to the use of additional filters or high performing coupler.

4.4. Spectrum Clearance Test 4.4.1. General DescriptionsSpectrum Clearance Test usually takes place early in the Radio Network Planning lifecycle. The aim of the test is to study within the targeted coverage area, the background noise signal strength. If interference is found strong within the acquired frequency band, frequency clearing or utilizing an alternate frequency band should be considered during the Radio Network Planning. The same test can also take place during the implementation stage to troubleshoot any abnormal interference causing non-traffic related noise rise on the NodeB receivers. The WCDMA electromagnetic background interference test consists of two phases: 1) Upon selection of the site before network establishment, all the available frequency bands should be checked for any strong interference or noise rise 2) After the network rolls out, if any inference exists, the source must be found out. The test is important and complicated. Therefore, engineers must be acquainted with the anti-interference principles of the WCDMA system and basic knowledge for interferences. In practice, the selection of time and location should ensure that sufficient data can be collected in the high-traffic area during different periods. For more information on the test details, please refer to the guideline entitled WCDMA RNP EMI Test Guidance.

4.5. Cell Parameter Plan 4.5.1. General DescriptionThe completion of Engineering parameters marks the start of the next level of planning Cell Parameter Plan. Cell Parameter Planning includes the planning of Scrambling Code, neighbor list and Area Code. 4.5.1.1. Scrambling Code Planning Scrambling Code Planning is only required for the DL where the limited Primary Scrambling Code resources (512) had to be efficiently used and assigned to all the cells within the network. The general rules in the planning include: Reserve certain codes for future optimization needs and network expansion Reuse codes to increase the code utilization efficiency as the resource is limited Ensure reuse distance does not generate possible co-SC interference between cells2004-09-03 All rights reserved 50,56Page 50 , Total56



Ensure no co-SC between serving cell and neighbor cell Ensure no co-SC amongst neighbor cells of a serving cell Scrambling code planning can be carried out either by using planning tool like UNET or Enterprise. In general, these tools enable fully automated or semi-automatic (with user intervention) SC planning where the inputs will be the network plan, dominant coverage of each cell, neighbor relationship between cells and user restriction if any. Since the coverage prediction is used, the result of the SC plan using the tool is generally more accurate. On the other hand, the plan can also be done manually where a reuse distance is defined. For more information, please refer to a more detailed guideline entitled 4.5.1.2. Area Codes Planning Area Codes planning include RNC Area, Paging Area and service area planning. The output of the RNC Area planning is the RNC ID of each and every cell in the radio network plan while the Paging Area planning is the LA, RA & URA ID for the same cells. Service area planning output will be SA ID. RNC Area Planning The number of RNC within the entire radio network is normally decided in the stage of dimensioning. During dimensioning, the Node-B number, cell number, cell capacity and interfaces traffic will be analyzed to come out with the required number of RNC. RNC Area Planning in the stage of Cell-Level Planning will base on this previously defined number of RNC, further define the boundary of each and every RNC. Fig18 shows the general procedure of RNC Area Planning. The important rules to be adhere to during the RNC Area Planning is to ensure contiguous coverage under each RNC, minimized inter-RNC Handover, traffic balancing between RNC and minimized inter RNC Frame handover. For more information, please refer to a more detailed guideline entitled >

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RNC

// /NodeB

RNC

RNC ///NodeB

RNC

/

RNC

N

Y

RNC

/ RNC

RNC_ID

Fig18.

RNC Area Planning Procedure

Paging Area Planning Paging Area Planning involves the planning of size and boundary of LA, RA & URA which will ultimately define the paging capacity of the radio network. The general rule of the paging2004-09-03 All rights reserved 52,56Page 52 , Total56



area planning is to find a balance between paging success rate and paging traffic within the specific area. shows the general planning procedure for Paging Areas.

Start

LA RAURA

LARA URA

Fig19.

Paging Area Planning Procedure

LA Planning The general rules for LA planning is to ensure appropriate size of the LA (to prevent overloading the paging channel) and minimized the amount of LA events at the borders of different LA. Meanwhile, it is also important to avoid expanding LA across the border of MSC and RNC. For more information, please refer to a more detailed guideline entitled >. RA Planning The general rules for RA planning is similar to the LA. In addition to this, RA should be a subset of LA and it should not be expanded across the SGSN and LA borders. URA Planning URA and RA has no direct relation, it is normally in the startup of the network, the URA is made the same size of the RNC area or a subset within the RNC area based on the administration district. As the network matures over time, URA size can be reduced or made2004-09-03 All rights reserved 53,56Page 53 , Total56



the same size of the RA. The general rule is to ensure the URA covers less than 75 cells. SA Planning Serving area should be a subset of LA and it is this code that the Core Network will base on for the service charge. In general, in one LA, 2 SA area can be planned, one for broadcasting and another for both CS & PS services. 4.5.1.3. Neighbor List Planning Neighbor list planning involve 3 types of neighbors i.e. Intra-frequency, inter-frequency & Inter-RAT. A good neighbor list plan is of great importance as it will determine the performance of cell selection/reselection & handover experienced by the UE within the network, which ultimately determine the performance of service perceived by the subscribers. The general rules for neighbor lists planning include: All Geographically adjacent cells should be made neighbors In general , all neighbor relations should be made 2-way Neighbors cells within a high site density area tends to have more neighbors but will need to ensure optimum number of neighbors Neighbors within neighbor list do not required prioritization In intra-frequency neighbor planning, the dominant coverage area of each cells serve as the inputs. All the geographically adjacent cells based on their dominant coverage area should be added as intra frequency neighbors during the planning stage and this list can be optimized during the optimization stage. Inter frequency neighbors need to be defined only when there are certain coverage area involves coverage from cells with different frequency. Usually, cells with different frequency are either for capacity or special coverage purposes. Inter-RAT neighbors need to be defined for the case of existing operator, provided the current WCDMA coverage is not sufficient and will need to rely on the wider GSM coverage for service continuity. Neighbor lists planning can either be carried out manually or using planning tools such as UNET or Enterprise. Planning tools method will base on the coverage prediction and normally found more accurate as compared to manual method. For more information on the prediction tool method, please refer to a more detailed guideline entitled Manual neighbor list planning is usually adopted when an existing operator is dealt with. In this case, as most of existing 2G sites will be co-located, the WCDMA neighbor lists planning can refer to the existing 2G neighbor relationship. This is a practical approach and can normally provide a good first cut of neighbor list plan knowing the existing 2G network had gone through certain optimization. Fig20 shows the general procedure of the manual neighbor list planning using existing 2G neighbor list information.2004-09-03 All rights reserved 54,56Page 54 , Total56



RNP Output

Y

New 3G Cell?

N

2G Setting

3G Cell Id VS. 2G Cell Id 2G Neighbours

3G Initial Neighbours (IntraFreq, InterFreq, InterNAT) 2G HO Counts

3G Final Neighbours (IntraFreq, InterFreq, InterNAT)

Fig20.

Procedure of Manual Neighbor List Planning

4.6. TMA Application AnalysisPending

4.7. Repeater Application AnalysisPending

4.8. 4 Antenna Transmit Diversity AnalysisPending

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List of reference [1] ZHANGJUHUI ,WCDMA RNP [2] JIAXIANGGEN ,WCDMA RNP [3] WCDMA [4] WANGSHENGYOU,WCDMA RNP [5] ,WCDMA RNP [6] Phillipe Veyssiere, Prediction statistics threshold [7] WANGDEKAI,WCDMA RNP [8] JIQINGBIN,WCDMA RNP [9] JIAXIANGGEN,WCDMA RNP [10]YEHUANQIU ,WCDMA RNP

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WCDMA RNP Phase Guidance Detailed Planning-20050316-A-2.0

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