U.S. History

Chapter 4: The English Colonies

Section 4: The Southern & Middle Colonies

Tolerant Maryland

• Catholics persecuted in England

• 1632: Cecilius Calvert aka Lord Baltimore granted charter by James I

• Colony named Maryland Cecilius Calvert

a.k.a Lord Baltimore

Tolerant Maryland

• Proprietary colony

• Turned to tobacco for profit

• 1640s: Protestants arrive in growing numbers

Tolerant Maryland

•Religious Toleration Act of 1649:

–Made restricting rights of Christians a crime

–Enacted to ease tensions between Catholics & Protestants in Maryland

The Carolinas

• 1663: Charles II gives land to 8 of his supporters

• Proprietary colony

• Single colony until 1712

The Carolinas

•Most colonists in NC from Virginia

•Settlers from British West Indies brought slaves to SC

•Rice grown in SC

The Carolinas

•Rice production required large amounts of slave labor

•1730: 20,000 slaves in SC

•1719/1729: SC/NC made royal colonies

Diversity in New York & New Jersey

• 1613: Dutch founded New Netherland

• New Amsterdam: center of fur trade

• Land grants & religious tolerance

New Amsterdam was later renamed New York City

Diversity in New York & New Jersey

• Peter Stuyvesant: became director general of colony in 1647

• 1664: English took control of New Amsterdam without a shot

Peter Stuyvesant

Diversity in New York & New Jersey

• Duke of York makes Sir George Carteret & John Lord Berkeley proprietors of New Jersey

• Diverse population

The Pennsylvania Experiment

•Quakers—Protestant group that believed all people had an inner goodness

The Pennsylvania Experiment

•William Penn—Quaker leader who established a colony

William Penn

The Pennsylvania Experiment

•Low land prices

•Religious freedom

•Representative self-government

The Ideal of Georgia

•1732: George II grants James Oglethorpe charter to establish colony for debtors

James Oglethorpe

The Ideal of Georgia

•Buffer Zone

•Prohibited large land grants, slavery

•1752: Becomes a royal colony