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Unit 8 ReviewName

Unit 8 ReviewVocabulary

Fill in the blank with the term that best completes the sentence.

6.11A, 6.11B

1 is the process in which energy is released as the nuclei of small atoms combine to form a larger nucleus.

6.11A, 6.11B

2 The solar system formed from a , which is a rotating cloud of gas and dust.

6.11A

3 Earth, Venus, Mars, and Mercury are , which are very dense planets nearest the sun.

6.11A

4 A(n) is a small, rocky object that orbits the sun; many of these objects are located in a band between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

6.11A

5 The sun, all of the planets that orbit the sun, and other bodies orbiting around the sun make up the .

Key ConceptsChoose the letter of the best answer.

6.11A

6 A satellite took x-ray pictures of a solar flare. How did the solar flare most likely appear on the x-ray pictures? (Hint: Step 1. Recall what a solar flare is. Step 2: Based on the characteristics of a solar flare, determine what it might look like on an x-ray picture.)

A as a dark spot

B as a swirl of red flames

C as an orange glow

D as an area of bright white light

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AnswersAnswers

543Unit 8 Review

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155155Unit 8 The Solar System

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Unit 8 Review continued

6.11A, 6.3B

7 The diagram below shows the different layers of the sun. The sun can be divided into six layers that are different from each other based on certain characteristics, such as temperature and composition.

Which layer of the sun is represented by the letter T?

A chromosphere

B corona

C photosphere

D radiative zone

6.11A, 6.11B

8 What does Kepler’s first law of planetary motion state?

A The orbit of a planet around the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one focus.

B The orbit of a planet is dependent on heat.

C Centripetal force and elliptical force are different.

D The orbital period of a planet is infinite.

Answers

544 Unit 8 The Solar System

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156156 Unit 8 The Solar System

Venus5.25 g/cm3

Mercury5.42 g/cm3

Earth5.52 g/cm3

Mars3.93 g/cm3

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6.11A, 6.11B, 6.3B

9 Venus and Earth have similar surface gravities. Mercury and Mars also have similar surface gravities, even though Mercury is much smaller. Density is related to the force of gravity. The figure shows the densities of the four planets.

Which of these statements explains the similar surface gravities on Mars and Mercury? (Hint: Step 1. Compare the densities of Mercury and Mars. Step 2. Relate the densities to the surface gravity of the planets.)

A Mars is denser than Mercury.

B Mars is smaller than Mercury.

C Mars is less dense than Mercury.

D Mars is less rocky than Mercury.

6.11A, 6.2E, 6.3A

10 The table gives information about the terrestrial planets.

Planet Surface temperature (range in °C)

Atmospheric pressure (kg/cm3 )

Earth −89 to 58 1Mars −133 to 27 0.007Mercury −183 to 427 2 × 10−12

Venus 467 (average temp.) 90

How does atmospheric pressure appear to relate to surface temperatures on these planets? (Hint: Step 1. Decide which planets have higher pressures and which have lower pressures. Step 2. Determine what the temperature variation is like for the planets with lower pressures and the planets with higher pressures.)

A There is no temperature variation for planets with lower pressures.

B There is the least temperature variation for planets with lower pressures.

C There is the least temperature variation for planets with higher pressures.

D There is the most temperature variation for planets with higher pressures.

Name

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Answers

545Unit 8 Review

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157157Unit 8 The Solar System

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Unit 8 Review continued

6.11A

11 Earth, Mercury, and Venus are all classified as terrestrial planets. When compared to Earth, which of the following is true of Mercury and Venus?

A Mercury and Venus have a higher surface gravity than Earth.

B Mercury and Venus have a longer period of revolution than Earth.

C Mercury and Venus have slower periods of rotation (longer days) than Earth.

D Mercury and Venus are farther away from the sun than Earth.

6.11A

12 Which of the following statements correctly describes the location and movement of the Gallilean moons?

A The Gallilean moons orbit Jupter.

B The Gallilean moons orbit Saturn.

C The Gallilean moons orbit Uranus.

D The Gallilean moons orbit Neptune.

6.11A

13 Which of the following is a list of the gas giant planets?

A Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

B Earth, Mars, and Venus

C Pluto, Saturn, and Jupiter

D Earth, Jupiter, Neptune, and Saturn

Answers

546 Unit 8 The Solar System

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158158 Unit 8 The Solar System

InCopy Notes1. This is a list

Planet

Cycle

Earth

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6.3D, 6.11A

14 This diagram illustrates a historical model of the solar system.

Which type of model is shown?

A geocentric model C Copernican model

B heliocentric model D Aristarchan model

Gridded ResponseWrite your answer in the boxes, then bubble in the corresponding number in the grid below.

6.11A, 6.2E, 6.3A

15 The table shows surface temperatures and atmospheric pressures for the terrestrial planets.

Planet Surface temperature (range in °C)

Atmospheric pressure (kg/cm3 )

Earth −89 to 58 1Mars −133 to 27 0.007Mercury −183 to 427 2 × 10⁻12

Venus 467 (average temp.) 90

What is the difference in degrees Celsius between the highest temperatures on Earth and Mercury?

Name

Unit 8 Review

.0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5 5 5

6 6 6 6 6 6

7 7 7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8 8 8

9 9 9 9 9 9

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547Unit 8 Review

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159159Unit 8 The Solar System

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Unit 8 Review continued

Critical ThinkingAnswer the following questions in the space provided.

6.11A

16 Name three characteristics of gas giants that make them different from terrestrial planets.

6.11A

17 Explain the difference between a meteoroid, a meteor, and a meteorite. Which one would you most likely see on the surface of Earth?

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSLessons 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6

Connect

Answer the following question in the space provided..

6.11A, 6.11B

18 What force controls motion in our solar system? How does this force affect the way the sun produces energy and the way planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids move?

Answers

548 Unit 8 The Solar System

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160160 Unit 8 The Solar System