topophilia A STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL

PERCEPTION, ATTITUDES, AND VALUES

WITH A NEW PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR

YI.FU TUAN

~ COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS

NEW YORK

contents

acknowledgments, ix

preface to the morningside edition, xi

CHAPTER ONE

introduction, 1

CHAPTER TWO

common traits in perception: the senses, 5

Vision. Hands and tactile sense. Hearing. Smell. Perceiving with all the senses. Perception and activity.

CHAPTER THREE

common psychological structures and responses, 13

Rationalization. Scale of human perception. Segmentation.

Binary oppositions. Resolution of contradictions.

Substances and cosmological schemata. Harmonious whole, binary opposition, and cosmological schemata.

Symbolism and cosmological schemata. Color psychology and symbolism. Spatial psychology and symbolism.

v

contents vi

CHAPTER FOUR

ethnocentrism, symmetry, and space, 30

Ethnocentrism.

Ethnocentrism and cosmic diagrams among non literate peoples.

Chinese ethnocentrism. Early Greek maps.

T-O (orbis terrarum) maps. Europe at the world's center.

The center of the land hemisphere. Exceptions.

CHAPTER FIVE

personal worlds: individual differences and preferences, 45

Physiological individuality.

Temperament, talent, and attitudes. Sex. Age.

CHAPTER SIX

culture, experience, and environmental attitudes, 59

Culture and perception. Sex roles and perception.

Visitor and native.

Explorers and settlers at the pioneer fringe.

Indians and Anglo-Americans in New Mexico.

Changes in environmental attitude: mountain.

CHAPTER SEVEN

environment, perception, and world views, 75

Environment and perception.'

Perceptual acuity and the challenge of harsh environments.

Environment and world view.

Riverine environments, cosmology, and architecture.

CHAPTER EIGHT

topophilia and environment, 92

Topophilia.

Health and

Patriotism.

Wilderness.

Aesthetic appreciation. Physical contact.

topophilia, Familiarity and attachment.

Urbanization and attitude to the countryside.

contents

CHAJ'TER NINE

environment and topo,

Environment and Elysium

Greek environment and te

Landscape and landscape

Chinese environment and

CHAPTER TEN

from cosmos to landsc

Stratified cosmos. Na The axial transformation

Comparison with Chines

Architecture and the Ian

toward spatial extension

Symbolism and sacredne

Cyclical time and linear

CHAPTER ELEVEN

the ideal city and S)'n

Emergence of the city

Symbols of cosmos and

Architectural symbols e

Brasilia-a modem ide:

CHAPTER TWELVE

physical setting and

Environments and life

Athens and Rome. Georgian and Victoria'

The automobile city:

CHAPTER THiRTEEN

american cities: syn

Symbols and metaphr

Booster imagery--eity

Image, experience, ar

The view from belov

contents viivi

iterate peoples.

world's center.

ms.

f preferences, 45

Age.

itudes, 59

otion,

,75

ronrnents.

ure.

cal contact.

hrnent.

countryside.

CHApTER NINE

environment and topophilia, 113

Environment and Elysium. Environments of persistent appeal.

Greek environment and topophilia.

Landscape and landscape painting in Europe.

Chinese environment and topophilia.

CHAPTER TEN

from cosmos to landscape, 129

Stratified cosmos. Nature, landscape, and scenery.

The axial transformation of the European world view.

Comparison with Chinese attitudes.

Architecture and the landscape garden:

toward spatial extension and the visual response.

Symbolism and sacredness: premodern responses. Cyclical time and linear time.

CHAPTER ELEVEN

the ideal city and symbols of transcendence, 150

Emergence of the city ideal.

Symbols of cosmos and urban forms.

Architectural symbols of transcendence. Brasilia-a modern ideal city.

CHAPTER TWELVE

physical setting and urban life styles, 173

Environments and life styles. Ch'ang-an and Hang-chou.

Athens and Rome. The medieval city. Georgian and Victorian street scenes.

The automobile city: Los Angeles.

CHAPTER THIRTEEN

american cities: symbolism, imagery, perception, 192

Symbols and metaphors. Specific urban symbols.

Booster imagery-city nicknames. Imageability.

Image, experience, and class. The urban neighborhood.

The view from below. Recapitulations.

contents viii

CHAPTER FOUTEEN

suburbs and new towns: the search tor environment, 225

Suburb-"beyond the wall."

Suburb-reaction to the city. The growth of suburbs.

Appearance and changes in appearance.

Suburban values and ideals.

Model villages and new towns.

CHAPTER FIFTEEN

summary and conclusions, 245

index, 249

acknowle

Acknowledging one's i for the realization that endless and innumeral enough to write a boc

of disparate topics. H< happy influences with fantasy: the Berkeley I was a graduate stu! encouragement of Jo] the liberal structure c courages its faculty tc rather than "resourc proved slots of the di

I wish to expres tion for a fellowship, mental attitudes at It

Thanks are ext mission to quote bri Payne for The Whit

IX