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Three Centuries of Voyages:1558-1861

1. ALVARES, Francisco.Historiale description de lEthiopie, contenant vraye relation des terres, & pas du gran Roy, & Empereur Prete-IanSmall octavo, italic and roman letter, woodcut of the stars of the Southern Cross and six plans of Ethiopian churches; 18th-century English red morocco. Antwerp, Christopher Plantin, 1558.With Corsalis depiction of the Southern Cross

A delightful copy of the first edition in French, in a most attractive English bind-ing. Alvares book includes Corsalis de-scription of the constellation of the South-ern Cross along with the famous image.First published in Portuguese in 1540, Alvares gave the earliest first-hand de-scription of Ethiopia by a known Europe-an. Ethiopia in the sixteenth century stood for something even more exotic than it actually was, often appearing in early texts as a place as far away geographically and culturally as it was possible to imagine. Importantly the book also includes the de-

scription of the first identification of the Southern Cross. Alvaress narrative is preceded in this edition (though not in the original Portuguese version) by the two letters of An-drea Corsali, included here because this Florentine traveller ended his days in Ethiopia.In 1515 Corsali, an Italian under the patronage of the Medici family, accompanied a Portuguese voyage into the Southern and Indian Oceans, in the course of which he observed the curious behaviour of an unrecorded group of stars, which he described and illustrated in a letter the first of the two printed here narrating his voyage that he sent back to his patron Giuliano de Medici in Florence. Corsalis description and illustration of the constellation was the first to outline its shape in detail as a cross: after the publica-tion of his Lettera the term cross or crosiers recurs frequently and in 1606, for example, Quiros, on his quest for the Southern Continent, instructed his captains to ascertain their position at night by the crucero. The narrative also contains a tantalising reference to a continental land in the vicinity of New Guinea, which alone would make the Lettera an important element in the canon of pre-Cook discovery of Australia and the Pacific.Corsalis two letters appeared in Italian in 1516 and 1517 respectively and both are of utmost rarity; the important 1516 letter is known in only three copies, one of which at one time belonged, as did this book, to the English collector William Beckford. This copy subsequently belonged to an impressive list of collectors: Joannes Gennadius; Henry J.B. Clements; the explorer Wilfred Thesiger; Henry Winterton; and finally the great collec-tor of Ethiopian material Bent Juel-Jensen, with his distinctive Amharic bookplate.Alden, European Americana, 558/2; BM STC (Dutch), 5; Borba de Moraes, I, p. 31 (Spanish edition only); Fumagalli, 610; Gay, 2603; Streit, XV, 1589; Voet, Plantin, 53B.

2. LA POPELINIERE, Henri Lancelot-Voisin de.Les Trois Mondes par le Seigneur de la Popelliniere.Small quarto, folding world map, title-page vignette, some toning and browning, the title-page with a neat old repair and an early owners signature; an excellent copy in contemporary vel-lum, a few neat repairs & some stains, spine lettered in ink, endpapers renewed; in a modern folding morocco case, gilt. Paris, l Olivier de Pierre l Huillier, rue Sainct Jaques, 1582.Colonising the incogneu southern landVery rare, first edition, first issue: a serious sixteenth-century proposal detailing the authors utopian dream of creating French colonies in the Great South Land beyond the Straits of Magellan, which he claims is a habitable land larger than America and richer too. The work is un vritable projet colonialiste en vue de la Terra Australis (Anne-Marie Beaulieu, Les Trois Mondes de la Popelinire). The work includes a highly attractive map of the world based on the original of Ortelius in 1570, even down to the detail of the legend from Cicero (here translated into French).Popelinire (1541-1608) was a Protestant speculative geographer known for his inter-est in the incogneu world. His utopian project for French expansion in the only vaguely theorised unknown worlds of the southern hemisphere marks him out as one of the foundation writers of the long French interest in the region, interest that would culmi-nate in the voyages of Bougainville and his successors. In this tradition, as Frank Lestrin-gant has noted, Les Trois Mondes was the pioneer work to forsake the northern confines of the New World to the ambitions of the other European powers, preferring to turn to the myth of a southern continent for the authors dreams of empire and revenge (Map-ping the Renaissance World, p. 118).Even more extraordinarily, Popelinire is thought to have mounted the first genuine at-tempt to found just such a colony, sailing from La Rochelle in May 1589 with three tiny ships. John Dunmore writes that they got no further than Cap Blanc in West Africa, where dissensions and despondency made him abandon the expedition and return to France. The captains of the two other ships, Richardiere and Trepagne, decided to contin-ue to South America, but only succeeded in reaching the coast of Brazil. A century and a half was to elapse before another attempt was made (French Explorers in the Pacific, I, p. 196). Despite its inglorious end, this was the first French expedition to search explicitly for the Southern Land.Les Trois Mondes energetically discusses the so-called three worlds of Renaissance ge-ography, a model which had been developed by Mercator. The three worlds, then, were simply the old (vieil), the new (neuf), and the unknown (incogneu). Basing his work on the writings of Guillaume Postel, Andr Thevet and Jean de Lry, in Les Trois Mondes Popelinire discussed ancient and modern discoveries, concluding with an open petition to the French government to colonise the australe lands, having shown that the Americas were too politically fraught to allow French expansion there. Colonisation, he argued, would provide an answer to the grave religious, political and economic crisis in France (in 1627, nonetheless, the French embarked on their American colonies).

For Popelinire it was Magellans voyage around Cape Horn and into the Pacific, not Colombus nor Vespucci, which pointed to the future. His extraordinary thesis was that the French should seek to colonise the virgin southern land, where they could be guar-anteed not to be repulsed by the armies of the other European powers, cautioning that they would have to act with speed and determination. Only in so doing, he writes, could they atone for having ignored the example set to them since Columbus. Other travel-lers and geographers of the sixteenth century had discussed and disputed the existence of the hypothetical South Land, but Popelinire was the first to cut the Gordian knot and announce that it should be colonised, making this work an important and compel-ling forerunner of the rush to the South Seas. It could be considered the pioneer practical exposition of a search which would last for two more centuries, until the myths of the Great South Land were finally exploded on Cooks second voyage.Rather than an anthology of voyage narratives (such as those of his near contemporaries Hakluyt or Purchas for example), the book is a synthesis of known reports in the service of a definite plan, and indeed one of its cleverer aspects is that La Popelinire treats much of what he writes as definitively proven, rather than speculative. Also notable is how far he wants to distance himself from the armchair: I am writing as a sailor (Je parle icy en matelot), he writes at the beginning of his introduction.The first section of the book traces the voyages and explorations of antiquity, and is chiefly an attempt to unravel the early discussion of the new world and the antipodes through authors such as Plato and Saint Augustine. The following two parts are a survey of the New World and its conquest, with particular attention to the European colonies in the Americas, the voyages of Columbus, the circumnavigation of the Magellan expedi-tion, and a fleeting reference to Sir Francis Drake who had returned to England in 1580, two years previously. The whole text builds towards a concluding section which deals with the unknown world proper, the rationale behind the entire book; that is, La Popelinire dwells on the known facts of the European colonies in the new world to show the folly of French pretensions in the area. At the same time, so little is known about the worlds beyond the Americas, that there is little point in speculation; action is required, and the political will to explore the Pacific beyond Cape Horn.It is frankly difficult to quantify or explain just how early this work is in terms of the search for the southern continent: it was published in 1582, over a decade before Quiros actually sailed with Mendana, and 26 years before he began issuing his famous memorials calling for his colony in Austrialia (see catalogue number 6). Popelinires account might also be compared to the famous book by Gonneville, the Mmoires touchant l tablissement dune Mission Chrestienne dans le Troisime Monde (1663; it is noteworthy that Gonneville used the phrase troisime monde in his later title).In 1584, La Popelinire returned to the fray with another work, LAmiral de France, a direct petition for French naval expansion and colonisation. There is an excellent intro-duction to Popelinires thought in the recent scholarly edition of Les Trois Mondes de La Popelinire (Beaulieu, Geneva, 1997).Alden, European Americana, 582/51; Borba de Moraes, pp. 684-5; Church, 129; John Carter Brown, I, p. 293 (purchased in 1846); Polak, 5311; Sabin, 39008.

3. GONZALEZ de MENDOZA, Juan.The Historie of the Great and Mightie Kingdome of China.Octavo, [8], 410 pp., owners seal on title-page (which is slightly dust-soiled), a few leaves a little browned, cut close by the binder (as often) affecting some headlines and catchwords, small rust-hole in T4 resulting in the loss of a few letters; nonetheless an excellent copy of this rar-ity, bound without final blank in period-style speckled calf, spine gilt in compartments between raised bands; calf bookform box. London, Printed by J. Wolfe for Edward White, 1588.The first English book on China: from the library of Charles BoxerRare and desirable: the first book on China printed in England, and the first work in English devoted exclusively to China. This attractive copy of a remarkably important book is from the famous library of Charles Boxer, with his distinctive red seal on the title-page. Prolific writer, scholar, orientalist, intelligence officer, and Professor of History at Kings College London, Boxer was also one of the great collectors of his time, and as-sembled an important library of books on China the far East, and the East Indies.This is the very rare first English translation of Juan Gonzlez de Mendozas history of the Chinese empire and beyond. Mendoza (1545-1618) was a Spanish Augustinian priest who travelled to Mexico in 1562; from here he developed a keen interest in the mission to China. Although he never joined the mission, Mendoza amassed a large vol-ume of material gathered by Augustinian Franciscan missionaries to the Philippines and China, as well as gaining access to the impressive collection of Chinese works acquired by Martin de Rada in Fukien in 1575.Mendozas book was translated into English by Robert Parke, at the suggestion of Rich-ard Hakluyt, from the Madrid edition of 1586, the revised and most complete edition following a first publication in Rome in 1585. Lwendahl notes its rapid translation into seven languages and impact on the European imagination of China The reading public was small, and it is probably no exaggeration to say that Mendozas book had been read by the majority of well-educated Europeans by the end at the beginning of the seven-teenth century. Its influence was naturally enormous. The first major survey of China, 33 editions have been identified of the book in the thirty years following its first publication. The English edition was by far the most significant in terms of its reach and influence. It happens to be an exceptionally rare book today.This was the most influential and detailed work on China prepared in the sixteenth century Its popularity may be accounted for in part by the great and unsatisfied de-mand which existed everywhere in Europe for a comprehensive and authoritative survey of China in the vernacular languages In fact, the authority of Mendozas book was so great that it became the point of departure and the basis of comparison for all subsequent European works on China written before the eighteenth century (Lach). Alden, European Americana, 588/39; Church, 134; Cordier, Bibliotheca Sinica, 13; Lach Asia in the Making of Europe, I, pp. 743-4 and passim; Lowendahl, China Illustrata Nova, 13 (Rome), 23 (Paris); Palau, 105513; Sabin, 27783 (so rare that we have never seen it); Streit, IV, 2000.

4. HAKLUYT, Richard.The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, made by Sea or over-landThree volumes in two, folio, woodcut historiated and decorative initials and head- and tail-pieces; a little staining or dust-soiling, last leaf of the first volume the worst affected; small hole through text on penultimate leaf in the same volume; in early 19th-century English blue straight-grain morocco, spines panelled in gilt between raised bands incorporating anchor devices, sides panelled in blind and gilt, all edges gilt, rose-pink silk flyleaves and doublures within blue morocco outer borders; a handsome set. London, Bishop, 15981600.The classic Elizabethan collection of voyage accountsOne of the classics of travel literature and the first English collection of voyages; Hak-luyts magnificent work will always be the primary source for the history of early English exploration, as well as one of the gems of Elizabethan letters.This is the much preferred second edition, greatly expanded from the single-volume original version of 1589 and effectively a new work the first edition contained about 700,000 words, the second about 1,700,000. The first volume discusses voyages to the north and northeast; the second volume, to the south and southeast; the third volume, almost tripled in size from the first edition, the Americas. It is significant that by the time of this revised second edition, Hakluyt was able to include the first tentative forays of the English into the South Seas, whether round Cape Horn or through the Straits of Magellan. The third volume of 1600 includes most of the New World material, with notices of early voyages into the Pacific, notably in the sec-tion entitled A Catalogue of divers English voyages, some intended and some performed to the Streights of Magellan, the South Sea to the headland of California, and to the Northwest. Printed here are reports of the voyages of Drake and several of his compa-triots, an early account of the important 1586 voyage of Thomas Cavendish, and discus-sions of major voyages which were destined for the South Seas but failed to round Cape Horn, including those of Edward Fenton (intended for China), Robert Withrington, and the failed 1591 second voyage of Cavendish.Volume 1 of this copy has the first state of the title-page (dated 1598 and mentioning Essexs famous victorie at Cadiz in 1596). The seven leaves of text describing the affair were excised from most copies of the book at Queen Elizabeths behest, following the disgrace of the Earl of Essex; here, as sometimes, they are present in the version printed to complete the censored copies, probably in about 1720. As with virtually all copies, the book does not have a world map which had been intended to accompany the third volume but was only actually issued with a handful of copies.This is an excellent copy of this great book, with engraved armorial bookplates of an ear-lier collector David Hodgson, and later bookplates of G.W. Hartley.Borba de Moraes, pp.391-2; Church, 322 (second issue of volume I); Hill, 743,745; James Ford Bell, H10; JCB (3) , I:372-4; Palau, 112039; Penrose, Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, p.318; Printing and the Mind of Man, 105; Quinn, pp. 490-7; Sabin, 29596-7; STC, 12626.

5. LINSCHOTEN, Jan Huyghen van.His Discours of Voyages into the East and West Indies. Devided into Foure Bookes.Small folio, with39 folding maps and plates (12 required for this edition and 27 extra plates from the original Dutch edition), four small maps in the text; early shoulder-notes in ink throughout, many corresponding with a manuscript page of subject index bound in to follow the printed index; a few spots and marks, some restoration at margins; just three maps cut close by binder at left margin; overall a very good copy in contemporary calf, gilt spine rubbed, brown leather label. London, John Wolfe, 1598.One of the great early illustrated travel booksThe rare and important first edition in English of this superbly illustrated travel book, the major source for any history of voyaging to the East Indies, and inevitably towards Australia.The most significant description of the East Indies in the Age of Discovery, this was es-sentially the work which launched full-scale trade to Asia by the Dutch and the English. Together with Richard Hakluyts anthology (see catalogue number 4), it was also the most important collection of voyages and travels in English to appear during the 16th century. It was in fact the suggestion of the great English voyage chronicler Hakluyt himself that led to the publication of this English translation, based on the Dutch edition of 1596. Linschotens avaricious thirst for knowledge enabled him to get de-tailed information of land and sea as far afield as the Spice Islands and China (Penrose), and he was an informed observer of the gradual decline of Portuguese power in the East Indies and the relaxing of the Portuguese stranglehold on trade routes and monopolies. He met and debriefed numerous travellers including men like Dirck Gerritszoon Pomp, also known as Dirck China, the sailor who had been the first known Dutchman to visit China and Japan. The first part of his book gives a general description of the various countries of the East, with accounts of customs, spices, costumes, modes of travel, etc., and is wonderfully illus-trated with engraved plates, panoramas and folding town plans. The second part includes sailing directions and general advice to traders to the East; the third and shortest part deals with the West Indies and America, but is not as out of place as it might seem: the VOC or Dutch East India Company had its counterpart in the WIC, or Dutch West India Company; theoretically the Pacific coast of America was the province of the WIC, but as early as Tasmans voyage there were attempts to link the two by trade routes, also associated with the search for a southern continent below both America and Asia.This is the first English edition, the best form of the book, with all its maps in the correct English issue form (which is not always the case); in addition, this copy has a substan-tial complement of 27 additional folding engraved plates from the thirty-six issued in the 1596 Dutch edition, which together provide a striking series of illustrations of the sixteenth-century East Indies. These extra plates, with titling captions in both Latin and

Dutch, include scenes of the East Indies, including Java, as well as of China, and India. Several of the plates depict activities in Goa, while some show Portuguese travellers on land and on sea.These add substantially to the series of maps and views published as part of the book, which are themselves of great importance. Apart from anything else, the engravings com-missioned for this English publication include the so-called Spice Islands map (Insulae Moluccae celeberrimae) which did not appear in the previous non-English editions. Origi-nally issued separately by Plancius about 1594, it is here re-engraved by Robert Beckit. Based on a collection of charts and rutters which Plancius acquired in Lisbon in 1592 from Bartoleomeu Lasso, it shows the islands in great detail, identifying some of their most important products. The tip of the continent marked Beach appears to the west (see further below) while New Guinea has a caption discussing Andrea Corsali and his de-scription of it as Terra de Picconacosi probably a corruption of the Terra Psittacorum or Land of Parrots which appears on a few earlier maps including the Plancius world map which appears at the start of this book which Corsali believed probably formed part of the Southern continent. David Parry (Cartography of the East Indian Islands, p. 85) has described this as one of the most fabulous [maps] ever produced of the East Indies and one of the rarest, [which] shows the Spice Islands in a level of detail never previously seen.The book was to play a vital role in the history of Dutch expansion in the East Indies, helping to send on their way a whole series of Dutch, French and English fleets to the Spice Islands and beyond to China and Japan by its emphasis on the riches of the area and the slackening of Portuguese control. Indeed the fine world map by Plancius which begins the volume also shows the tip of a southern continent with its traditional name (dating back to Marco Polo) of Beach and describing it as Provincia aurifera, while in his text Linschoten makes frequent reference to natural mineral wealth. As Kees Zandvliet points out (Golden Opportunities in Geopolitics, in Terra Australis), In 1622 Governor-General Coen, fitting out an expedition, wrote the following lines about the Southern Continent: According to the works of Jan Huygen (van Linschoten) and the opinions of various others, there is gold to be found in several places on this Southern Continent. You should as far as possible investigate the truth of these claims. Lins-chotens reports of precious metals in the area of New Guinea were directly responsible for inspiring the voyage of the Duyfken to the southeast of the Moluccas; she did not bring back precious metals, but did take home, for the first time, irrefutable cartographic information about Australia following her discovery of part of the east coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria.The book was an essential guide for the sailors themselves; it became the navigators vade-mecum for the Eastern Seas and confirmed Linschoten as the leading geographi-cal figure in Renaissance Holland (Penrose). It is said that for over a century a copy of the book was placed on every Dutch ship sailing to the Indies.Alden, European Americana, 598/57; Borba de Moraes, 488; Bosch, 41; Church, 321; Hill, p.182; Lust, Western Books on China, 340; Sabin, 41374; see also Penrose, pp. 210-204, etc; Shirley, G.LIN-2a; STC, 15691; Terra Australis, catalogue num-bers 18 and 20, pp. 71, 91, etc.

6. QUIROS, Pedro Fernandez de.[Memorial:] Seor. El Capitan Pedro Fernandez de Quirs. La parte incgnita Austral es justamente quarta del Globo Folio, 314 x 217 mm, 4 numbered leaves; inscribed in ink on the last leaf curioso (!) and el Capitan quiros. Madrid, 1612.Quirs memorial la parte incgnita austral of 1612: the unknown southern land represents a quarter of the globe.An exceptional rarity: just three other copies of this original printed Presentation Me-morial by Quirs have been recorded (Mitchell Library, Sydney; Huntington Library, San Marino, California; Biblioteca del Palacio Real, Madrid). The Mitchell Library and Huntington Library copies were acquired from the London dealer Maggs Bros. in the 1920s (catalogues 413 and 429).The Quirs Presentation Memorials represent the earliest printed record of discovery and plans for settlement of a Southern Continent, the discoveries that Quirs named Austri-alia del Espritu Santo. Pedro Fernndez de Quirs prepared his printed Memorials as a series of proposals addressed to King Philip III of Spain and presented to the king and his councils between 1607 and 1614. In them he petitioned to be given the command of an expedition of discovery and colonisation to settle the lands that he had found.Altogether as many as fifty Memorials were prepared, but most of them were in manu-script. Just 14 Presentation Memorials were printed for limited distribution, at Quirs own expense.In this carefully composed Memorial, the twelfth in the series of 14 such printed Memo-rials now identified, Quirs renews his campaign after enduring a year of silence imposed by the king. He enumerates in 38 numbered paragraphs the main points of the various arguments he has put forward in seeking royal permission to make further discoveries and establish a colonial settlement in the new southern land. As the Quirs bibliographer Kelly summarises, It deals with the extent of his discoveries in the Austral region, his proposals for a settlement there, the arms and ammunition re-quired, the hope of founding a city which would require artists and skilled labourers, the building of small ships for further exploration, the mining of gold and silver, the spiritual and temporal benefits to be gained, the missionary friars who had volunteered, and the strategic value of communications between the Austral Lands and the Philippines, Peru, and New Spain.We know from a note on the Mitchell Library copy that the decision was made by the king and/or council in response to this Memorial to give Quirs 100 ducats a month, as well as a once-off payment of 6000 ducats to meet his obligations, and that he was to be told that the king regarded him very highly.

The Quirs memorialsThe Quirs Memorials, the series of petitions to colonise Austrialia del Espritu Santo, are the foundation documents for the history of the Pacific, the search for a Southern Continent, the discovery of the New World in the south and ultimately the discovery and settlement of Australia and New Zealand.The Memorials are a series of different petitions to the King, each of which further argues the case, with new data and plans: they do not, as is often misunderstood, each simply make the same argument. This misconception may have been caused by the fact that the text of just one of the Memorials is seen almost exclusively in all the subsequent publications and dissemination, that of the so-called Eighth Memorial, the one Memo-rial that was leaked outside Spanish court circles in 1612.Even the expert Carlos Sanz allows this misunderstanding to continue when he speaks of the Quirs Memorial as though the Memorials form a single entity:The era of the great geographical discoveries, opened with Columbus first transatlantic voyage, closed with those announced in the Quirs Memorial. Two great oceans (the Atlantic and the Pacific), an immense continent (America), the Philippine Islands and finally Australia are the achievements to be put to the account of this great maritime adventure, the greatest known to the centuries This work was the sole reason for the search carried out by the maritime powers of Europe during nearly two centuries for the vast, legendary, unknown Terra Australis Apart from Columbus Letter announcing his arrival in the Indies (America) [there is] no printed document that has counted for so much in the history of discovery and navigation It has been justly said that the three documents that have most decisively influenced the course of universal history are: the Bible, Columbus Letter and the Quirs Memorial (Carlos Sanz, Australia, its Discov-ery and Name, Madrid, 1964).In fact the Memorials, produced between 1607 and 1614, differ substantially from each other, and tell a developing story.

Pedro Fernndez de QuirsPedro Fernndez de Quirs is of fundamental importance to the history of exploration in the south. As Alexander Dalrymple observed in 1770, The discovery of the Southern Continent, whenever, and by whomsoever it may be completely effected, is in justice due to this immortal name.The belief that a vast Southern Continent the Ophir of King Solomon, the lands re-

ported by Marco Polo and golden islands reputed to have been known to the Incas lay somewhere in the South Pacific had inspired Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa and Alvaro de Mendaa y Neyra to sail westward from Peru in 1567, a venture which resulted in the discovery of the Solomons, the possible outliers, it was supposed, of Terra Australis.Quirs conviction that the Southern Continent must exist had its origins in the observa-tions he made as pilot on Mendaas attempt to revisit the Solomons in 1595. This was a disastrous failure, but Quirs, through a superb feat of navigation, brought a starving remnant of the expedition over unknown seas to Manila and resolved to search for the continent that must, he believed, lurk somewhere beyond the elusive islands.In 1605 he set out from Callao, searching again for the Solomons but arriving instead at the land he named Austrialia del Espiritu Santo, a large island in the New Hebrides. Here, he was sure, where he proclaimed the city of New Jerusalem, was the much-desired continent. Sickness, at the critical moment, infirmity of purpose, unreliable subordinates, finally the cruel luck with the wind, drove him away before a settlement was made, in a vast sweep north that took him to Mexico in October 1606 Quirs returned to Spain, ceaselessly and fruitlessly to importune crown and councils, with memorials and charts, for still another expedition. The Spanish effort was over. His memorials, glowing with their confident transmutation of hopes into matter of fact, spread through Europe. Quirs, who had discovered a dozen islands, became the publicist of the continent ( J.C. Beaglehole, The life of Captain James Cook, 1974, pp. 111-2).

Present-day rarity of the MemorialsThe Presentation Memorials which are to be distinguished from the scores of later, derivative printings which appeared throughout Europe after the leaking of one of these original Memorials are among the most valuable of all printed voyage documents. They have always represented a grail for collectors, both institutional and private.When David Scott Mitchell acquired in one transaction, a century ago, the entire collec-tion of Alfred Lee (over 10,000 books, paintings, pamphlets, prints and drawings) he did so despite a duplication rate estimated at over 90%. He acknowledged that the purchase, his last major transaction, was made solely in order to acquire for his own collection, and subsequently for the state of NSW, the Banks Endeavour Journal and two printed Memorials by Quirs.Mitchells fellow collector and philanthropist Sir William Dixson shared Mitchells pas-sion: he was always an assiduous collector of Quirs Memorials and of any documents relating to Quirs and his voyages. By the time of his death in 1952 he had acquired no less than eight printed Presentation editions, most being different from those published by Zaragoza. For these he paid 650 to 1000 sterling each (Dunn). These Memorials were acquired by Dixson for prices that are among the highest for any such voyage mate-rial in the inter- and immediately post-war period, and demonstrate the extent to which the Memorials have always been valued.Dunn, Quiros Memorials, 1612A, p.47 (MLS1/50); Kelly, Calendar of documents, 711 (48 in list); Medina (BHA); Palau, 341; Pinochet de la Barra, Pedro Fernndez de Quiros: Memoriales de las Indias Australes, , Memorial 48.

7. SCHOUTEN, Willem Corneliszoon.Journal ou Description du merveilleux voyage de Guilliaume Schou-ten, Hollandois natif de Hoorn, fait es annes 1615, 1616 & 1617.Small quarto, with nine engraved folding maps and plates, some light staining and a blemish in a few upper margins but a very good copy in period style crushed morocco, spine gilt in com-partments between raised bands. Amsterdam, Guillaume Janson Blaeu, 1618.Last 17th-century expedition to search for Terra ausTralis from the east.First edition in French of this rare and important book, preceded only by the original Dutch versions of the same year (Amsterdam and Arnhem issues). Very many editions were to follow.This is the celebrated account of the Le Maire and Schouten expedition westward across the Pacific to the Indies, during which they discovered a new navigable passage south of Cape Horn. The maps, and particularly the well-known folding chart of a largely empty Pacific Ocean, demonstrate the magnitude of the achievement of Schouten and Le Maire in crossing the ocean from east to west, in order to reach the Spice islands without stray-ing into the territories controlled by the monopolistic Dutch East India Company.Schouten and Le Maire named Cape Horn when they rounded it in 1616, visited several of the Tuamotus, and were the first westerners to visit the Tonga islands. They then coasted New Ireland and New Guinea on their way to the Spice Islands and Batavia.The importance of the book to contemporary geographical understanding cannot be overstated; it was the last seventeenth-century expedition to search for Terra Australis from the east (Schilder). The voyage was made under the auspices of the newly formed group of Dutch traders known as the Australian Company, set up to compete with the Dutch East India Company and to search for the elusive Terra Australis. It was of great importance for the future history of discovery in that it proved the existence of a passage from the southern Atlantic into the Pacific, south of the Straits of Magellan round Cape Horn, and therefore finally demonstrated that the supposed Southern Continent, con-trary to the maps of Ortelius and Mercator, did not extend to the Straits of Magellan.Although this account presents itself as Schoutens journal of the voyage, as Schilder points out the facts were misrepresented. It appeared from it that all the discoveries of the expedition owed their origin to Schouten and that he had a financial share in the expedition amounting to half the capital. A later edition of the voyage published in 1622 revealed that Schouten had overstated his importance, and this supposedly authen-tic account of the voyage was mostly lifted from the ships log kept by Jacob Le Maire.This edition, produced in Amsterdam by the publisher and cartographer Willem Blaeu, is one of two variant French-language issues of 1618 noted by the bibliographer Tiele (no priority has been assigned). Tiele identifies as many as 38 later editions of the Schouten narrative printed in the Netherlands alone (Latin, Spanish and English editions also quickly appeared). Not in Landwehr, VOC; Tiele , 984; Tiele-Muller, 37.

8. PURCHAS, Samuel.Purchas his Pilgrimes In five bookes. [and] Purchas his Pilgrimage.Five volumes, folio, 7 double-page engraved maps, and 88 smaller maps or illustrations in the text; a few marginal repairs, some maps just trimmed by binder at margins, Virginia and New England maps in in the fourth volume expertly backed on linen; generally in fine condition throughout; crushed morocco gilt by Pratt. London, W. Stansby for H. Fetherstone, 1625-1626.The classic anthology of exploration: into the PacificA splendid set (in a handsome binding by the London binder Pratt) of the monumen-tal sequel to Hakluyts collection of voyages, in which some 1200 separate narratives hold many a stirring tale of bravery at sea, ice under a midnight sun in Arctic seas or, far away south, under a tropic moon or brazen noontide sun. They tell of parching thirst, and freezing cold, of chill winds that searched men to the bone, and of the hot breath of desert sands that scorched their flesh and drove them crazed to death (Waters, p. 260). This is one of the fullest and most important collections of voyages and travels in the English language (Church). As the Hill catalogue notes, At the death of Hakluyt there was left a large collection of voyages in manuscript which came into the hands of Purchas, who added to them many more voyages and travels, of Dutch, Spanish, and Portuguese explorers as well as of English travellers. Purchas followed the general plan of Hakluyt, but he frequently put the accounts into his own words This fine collec-tion includes the accounts of Cortes and Pizarro, Drake, Cavendish, John and Richard Hawkins, Quiros, Magellan, van Noort, Spilbergen, and Barents as well as the categories of Portuguese voyages to the East Indies, Jesuit voyages to China and Japan, East India Company voyages, end the expeditions of the Muscovy Company.A slight but most important passage notes the first authenticated visit to Australia, by Willem Janszoon on the Duyfken in 1605. As Donald Lach has pointed out, no pub-lished account of their voyage appeared during the seventeenth century. The English fac-tor John Saris, however, reported from Bantam both the departure of the Duyfken and its return to Banda in 1606. When published by Purchas in 1625 it was probably Europes first printed notice of Australia: The eighteenth of November 1605 here departed a small Pinnasse of the Flemmings, for the discovery of the Island caled Nova Guinea, which, as it is said, affordeth great store of Gold. The fifteenth of June 1606, here arrived Nock-hoda Tingall a Cling-man [Kling, Malay for Indian] from Bandas, in Java Juncke he told me that the Flemmings Pinasse which went upon discovery for Nova Ginny, was returned to Banda, having found the Island: but in sending their men on shore to intreate of trade, there were nine of them killed by the Heathens, which are man-eaters; so they were constrained to return, finding no good to be done there.In one of the most celebrated episodes of English literature, Coleridge was reading from Marco Polo in his copy of Purchas when his self-prescribed opium took him into the reverie famously interrupted by the gentleman from Porlock. In Xandu did Cublai Can build a stately Pallace, encompassing sixteen miles of plaine ground with a wall, wherein are fertile Meddowes, pleasant Springs, delightfull streames, and all sorts of beasts of chase and game, and in the middest thereof a sumptuous house of pleasure . A detailed list of the contents and issue-points can be supplied on request.Alden, European Americana, 625/173, 626/101; Arents, 158; Borba de Moraes, II, p.692-3; Church, 401A; Cordier, Bibliotheca Sinica, 1940f; Hill, 1403; Sabin, 6682-86; STC, 20509/20508.5; Streit, Bibliotheca Missionum, I, 423.

9. [CARSTENSZ] JANSSON, Jan.Mar del Zur Hispanis Mare Pacificum.Handcoloured map, 465 x 573 mm. (sheet size), in very good condition, mounted. Amsterdam, Frederick de Wit, 1650.One of the earliest maps to show discoveries in northern AustraliaEarly Dutch map depicting the expanse of the Pacific Ocean, one of few maps of the period to show the discoveries made in the Gulf of Carpentaria by Jan Carstensz in the Pera in 1623. The Carstensz expedition, which explored south from New Guinea across Torres Strait, was responsible for the earliest published European charting of any part of the Australian coast. Previously, detail of Dutch discoveries in northern Australia had been incorporated in the periphery of maps of Southeast Asia. This map by Jansson marks a significant break from tradition, situating the preliminary Australian landfalls on the eastern edge of the largely uncharted Pacific.This map by Jansson is probably based on the famously rare Blaeu map of 1635 titled India Quae Orientalis Dicitur et Insulae Adiacentes that lists the Carstensz landfalls on the Australian coastline. Given the formidable rarity of Blaeus map (Clancy notes only three known copies) this Jansson map is one of the few realistically attainable maps to show the Carstensz discoveries.Although actually published after Tasmans return to Holland in 1644, this map is nonetheless a significant record of pre-Tasman discoveries. The period around 1650, in the immediate aftermath of Tasmans return, saw a flurry of interest regarding the South Seas from Dutch cartographers, with Jansson publishing not only the present map of the Carstensz voyage but also a Tasman-related map in the same year, the latter revising a Hondius map, Polus Antarcticus. Overall, given Dutch recalcitrance in releasing informa-tion of strategic and mercantile importance, any record of northern Australia published in the mid seventeenth-century is uncommon and of lasting historical significance for the revelation of the continent.Janssons chart is of further interest regarding lands imagined to exist deep in the south-ern hemisphere. It records a long group of islands situated in the southern waters of the Pacific (here noted by Jansson to have been discovered by Hernando Gallego in 1576). Gallego served as a pilot on the 1567-69 Pacific voyage of Alvaro de Mendaa, during which the Solomon Islands and Guadalcanal were discovered, amongst others. Gallego grossly underestimated the archipelagos distance from Peru, creating a misleading im-pression of the extent of the Pacific (Howgego). The depiction of the islands on this map reflects this original navigational error.Clancy, p.84; Koemans Atlantes Neerlandici, 0600:1; Tooley, 749; Wagner Cartography of the Northwest Coast of America, 359.

10. FARIA Y SOUSA, Manuel de.Asia Portuguesa.Three volumes, quarto, each with an engraved ornamental title-page; a complete set with 19 engraved and woodblock folding plates (one in duplicate, for a total of 20 plates), numerous woodblock portraits throughout the text; some browning and intermittent water-staining, early ownership inscriptions on title-pages affecting paper; a very good set in attractive eighteenth-century speckled calf, spines gilt with raised bands and original black leather labels. Lisboa, Henrique Valente de Oliveira & A. Craesbeeck, 1666-1675.The Portuguese in Asia: the customs of India, China, and Southeast Asia.Rare and influential history of the Portuguese in Asia, including rich and vibrant descrip-tions of ritual and customs in India, China, and Southeast Asia. Manuel Faria y Sousa (1590-1649) wrote this history in the tradition of the sixteenth-century masterpiece Dcadas da Asia by Joo de Barros; Boies Penrose characterised him as the last writer to attempt a chronicle of the Portuguese empire in the grand manner (Travel and Discov-ery in the Renaissance, p. 283).Avid chronicler and polyglot, Faria y Sousa lived in Madrid for most of his life in the ser-vice of the Spanish Crown. Here he collected books, dispatches and manuscript materi-als of all kinds in preparation of his chronicle of the Portuguese empire across the globe. Accordingly, Asia Portuguesa is of significant historical value for the detailed list of works included in the third volume: Included in this bibliography are most of the books then in print which related to Asia, as well as manuscripts prepared by officials and missionaries in the field (Lach and Van Kley, p.355).Like many contemporary Portuguese scholars, Faria y Sousa wrote in Spanish for an increasingly cosmopolitan audience curious about the exotic customs of India and the far east. Asia Portuguesa was an important text in disseminating information on the religious and ritual practices of India, China, Japan, Ethiopia and Ceylon. His inclusion of Hindu rites in Malabar did much to inform (sometimes misinform) European perceptions of Hinduism. Some years earlier, Faria y Sousa had translated the work of the Jesuit mis-sionary Alvarez de Semedo who worked in China, which became an important source for the present work: the chapters on China also form an ethnohistory of the Ming (Lach and Van Kley, III p.1568).The scope of Asia Portuguesa is impressive, combining mercantile and military geographi-cal detail and rich descriptions of native life. After the revolt of Portugal from Spanish dominion in 1640 the author suffered for his long-term association with the Royal Fam-ily. On his decease in 1649, Faria y Sousas significant archive of books and manuscripts returned to the custody of his son who prepared the present work for publication. It was republished several times in Spanish and an English translation by John Stevens was published in London in 1694-95.Alden, European Americana, 666/47; Cordier, Bibliotheca Sinica, 2309; Innocencio, V, 416; Lowendahl, China Illustrata Nova, 1570; Palau, 86692; Sabin, 28001; p.355; Streit, Bibliotheca Missionum, V, 476.

11. VALENTIJN, Francois.Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indin, vervattende een Naaukeurige en Uitvo-erige Verhandelinge van Nederlands Mogentheyd in die GewestenFive volumes, folio, with an engraved allegorical frontispiece, engraved vignette on general title, engraved dedication leaf, folding engraved portrait of the author, and a magnificent series of some 367 various other images (comprising 24 engraved maps, most of them folding, 265 engraved plans, views, portraits and plates of plants, animals, costumes, etc., of which many are double-page and/or folding and 78 engravings in the text), eight folding printed tables; an ex-cellent copy in contemporary Dutch mottled calf, spines ornately gilt in compartments between raised bands, double leather labels. Dordrecht and Amsterdam, Joannes van Braam and Gerard onder de Linden, 1724-1726.The great encyclopedia of the Dutch East IndiesThis scarce and important collection is only rarely found complete and in such good con-temporary condition. A superb visual record of early voyages in the form of its extensive and splendid series of engraved illustrations, it was compiled to provide an extensive and detailed geographical and historical description of the entire region in which the Dutch VOC or East India Company had a colonial interest or had established trading posts. Its compass thus includes, as well as the East Indies, parts of China and Japan and parts of the Near and Middle East. There is much on Australia, the Philippines, Ceylon and the Cape of Good Hope.With its 3500 pages of text it is altogether a remarkable resource for the history of seventeenth-century voyages in the region, and details of Dutch colonial, trading and exploratory activities. The extraordinary series of maps and illustrations offers an excep-tionally important portrayal of the Far East and the East Indies.The publication of Valentijns book reflects an intense interest in the Southland in the early eighteenth century. To satisfy this audience, Valentijn was able to publish extensive narratives of the expeditions of Abel Tasman (1642-1643) and Willem de Vlamingh (1696-97), and to produce a number of images from these expeditions which are among the very few visual records of Australia and the South Pacific prior to the Cook voyages.Valentijn includes with the Tasman narrative a series of small charts adapted from the navigators journals, along with a number of coastal profiles, which are the earliest views or plans of the Tasmanian and north Australian coasts, while the illustrations to the Vlamingh section include the famous view of the Swan River in Western Australia and the earliest depiction of the black swan. A general map of Tasmans voyages begins the section, with a fine depiction of the outline of the Australian continent established by him. There are also several New Zealand charts and views.Willem de Vlaminghs voyage to the west coast of Australia was the initiative of Nicholas Witsen, Burgomaster of Amsterdam and director of the VOC. The objective was not only scientific but directly linked to Dutch commercial activities. William Eisler and Bernard

Smith point out (in Terra Australis: the Furthest Shore, AGNSW, 1988) that Witsen was an enthusiastic collector of paintings and artefacts, and insisted that a painter accompany the expedition to record the rarities found: the only surviving drawings are the watercol-our sketches of the Western Australian coast done by Victor Victorszoon Witsen re-ceived from New Holland some brambles of wood and a small chest containing shells collected on the beaches, fruits, plants etc. No specimens of land animals were brought back to Holland. Several black swans were captured but died on the return voyage. Valentijn also remarked on the rare and beautiful shells from the beaches of the South-land to be found in the cabinets of Simon Schynvoet of Amsterdam.Particular importance attaches to the fact that some considerable part of the mapping including much of the Australian material is based on original manuscript sources that have since been lost: Franois Valentijn (1666-1727) spent several years in the East Indies, and made much use of official archives and documents (many of which were destroyed at Batavia during the Second World War) in compiling his collection. In this context, the Java map alone is of special importance.Bastin-Brommer, n11-12 (incorrect plate count); Landwehr, VOC, 467; Mendelssohn, IV, 594; Nissen ZBI, 4213; Tiele, II, 1121.

12. CHURCHILL, Awnsham [and] John Thomas OSBORNE.A Collection of Voyages and Travels.Eight volumes, folio, two works in matching binding, some 213 engraved plates including work by Herman Moll, Johannes Kip, and others (many double-page or folding), engraved and woodcut illustrations throughout; a handsome set in late eighteenth-century Russia, marbled edges. London, John Walthoe, 1732.Churchills great voyage collection, beautifully illustrated throughoutA splendid set of the two great voyage anthologies of the early eighteenth century, in contemporary matched bindings. The plates are of special appeal, often showing very striking scenes of exotic life, particularly in tropical climes. This is the finest set of this great voyage collection that we have seen, with Churchill in its second improved edition and the first edition of the supplementary Osborne series, better known as the Harleian or Oxford Voyages.Copies of the various editions of the Churchill Collection, in particular, do appear on the market from time to time, but almost always in dilapidated condition the result of their substantial size and the use that they were subjected to as the major source for voyage information in the early eighteenth century. This copy is in superb condition, the bind-ings bright and the text and plates remarkably fresh. The substantial volumes contain many accounts of voyages to a great many places, a number of accounts appearing for the first time, or at least for the first time in English. Originally published in 1704 in four volumes, it appears here in its second, much augmented six-volume edition.The success of the work is a reflection of an audience keenly interested in what was a time of energetic exploration and trade expansion throughout the world. For example, the first volume here contains descriptions of the lands and peoples of China, Formosa, Japan, the Congo, and South Africa, lands just beginning to be known to Europeans, as well as accounts of still unfamiliar places such as Egypt and the Ukraine. There are reports of the Solomon Islands, Dutch shipwrecks in the East Indies, Ovalles work on Chile (with a fine depiction of the Southern Cross), Virginia, attempts to discover a Northwest Pas-sage, the sages of India, and the land of Tonqueen (Vietnam), among very many other reports. Much of the third volume is Baldaeus work on the East Indies translated from the Dutch, while Nieuhoff s work on the East Indies appears in the second volume.This set is supplemented by Osbornes scarce two-volume work, published from the unpublished manuscripts in the collection of the earl of Oxford. Although separately published much later, the two volumes are often described as a supplement to Churchill. The maps are after Dutch cartographer Herman Moll and the frontispiece map in the second volume is A Chart of the East Indies with the north and north-west coasts of Australia delineated in accordance with Dutch discoveries.Borba de Moraes, p. 181; Hill, 295 (later edition); NMM, 33.

13. DU HALDE, P. Jean-Baptiste.Description Gographique Historique, Chronologique, Politique et Physique de lEmpire de Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise, enrichie des cartes gnrales et particulieres des ces pays, de la carte gnrale & des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la CoreFour volumes, large folio, titles printed in red & black with engraved title vignettes, 65 en-graved plates, comprising 43 topographical maps (15 folding and 14 double-page) and 22 im-ages (nine double-page), engraved and woodcut initials, woodcut head-pieces; some scattered very light stains; a very handsome set in contemporary French calf. Paris, Le Mercier, 1735.The first definitive work on the Chinese Empire

First edition of this great and influential history of the Chinese empire, the first definitive work on the subject, famous for its suite of beautiful maps by Jean Baptiste dAnville. Much reprinted, this original French edition is the preferred issue, and considered the most desirable and significant (Lada-Mocarski).This was the first attempt to describe the Chinese empire with any degree of geographical or historical accuracy and became the standard authority on matters Chinese for much of the eighteenth century (Marshall & Williams p. 84). Du Halde, secretary to Le Tellier, the confessor of Louis XIV, garnered the bulk of his material from the reports of Jesuit missionaries, mostly unpublished elsewhere, with details added from pub-lished Jesuit relations and other printed sources. Both the text and the maps are based on information derived

from the extensive Jesuit surveys of China made between 1708 and 1716. The cartogra-phy of Du Haldes work provided the Europeans with a more accurate representation of China than they then had for most of their own continent (Howell, Anniversary, 37). For certain remote parts of northern China, Mongolia, and Tibet, it was the only adequate reference until the advent of the technological revolution in surveying in the twentieth century.A much reduced English edition, in four small volumes, was published the following year, while a fuller English edition came out five years later (see following item). German translations appeared between 1747 and 1749. The maps were also reprinted by DAnville in 1737 as the Nouvel Atlas de la Chine.In some copies, pages 451 and 452 of this volume were omitted and the map substituted in their place. In this copy, both are present.Alden, European Americana, 735/87; Cordier, Sinica, 45 (listing the contents in detail); de Backer/Sommervogel , IV 35; Howes, D546; James Ford Bell, D310; Lada-Mocarski, 2; Laures, 606; Lowendahl, China Illustrata Nova, 395 (with extensive analysis of contents); Lust, Western Books on China, 12; Streit, VII 3205.

14. DU HALDE, P. Jean-Baptiste.A Description of the Empire of China and Chinese-Tartary, Togeth-er with the Kingdoms of Korea, and TibetTwo volumes, large folio, with 51 maps and plans (most folding) and 13 plates; some scattered foxing but a very good copy in original blind stamped calf, spines expertly restored in contem-porary style, panelled in gilt between raised bands. London, printed by T. Gardner for Edward Cave, 1738-1741.The second, revised and best English edition of Du Halde on ChinaFirst English folio edition of du Haldes magnum opus on China, carefully translated with a new suite of finely engraved maps reproducing (and claiming to improve upon) those of the French original.This folio edition was printed to appease a keen English audience unsatisfied with the small four volume octavo translation hurried to the press following the magnificent French folio edition of 1735 (previous item). In his lengthy preface, the publisher Cave claims to have improved upon du Haldes work in a number of respects, boasting better organisation and structure, clear and literal translation from the French, improved maps and a new standardised orthography of Chinese for European use. Lwendahl attrib-utes the translation to William Guthrie and an Irish assistant who worked under Caves scrutiny to give a faithful version of the Authors Sense in the fewest words, and to avoid a disagreeable style.This edition did improve the standardisation of place names and proper nouns that marked du Haldes original (a result of its compilation from diverse missionary authors). By doing so it established the orthographic conventions by which Chinese has been rep-resented in English until very recently (DNB). Furthermore, Cave lavished great expense on having the maps reproduced in their entirety, checking and cross referencing place names and adding engraved notes from the relevant texts to illuminate the understand-ing of his readers. This task was accomplished by the prolific London engraver Emanuel Bowen who later in his career printed several North American surveys by James Cook.This is an extremely good copy of this handsome book, with the contemporary ownership inscription of Archibald Kennedy, a customs agent.British Map Engravers , p.96; de Backer/Sommervogel , IV 37; Lada-Mocarski, 2; Lowendahl, China Illustrata Nova, 409; Lust, Western Books on China, 15; Streit, Bibliotheca Missionum, VII, 3239.

15. BELLIN, Jacques Nicolas.Observations sur la Construction de la Carte des Mers comprises entre lAsie & lAmrique, appelles par les Navigateurs Mer de Sud & Mer PacifiqueQuarto, 20 pp., occasional mild foxing, very good in recent plain pale wrappers. Paris, Veuve Delatour, 1741.Bellin discusses his Pacific map and casts doubt on QuirsFirst edition: rare pamphlet by French Royal cartographer Jacques Nicolas Bellin discuss-ing his famous and influential mapping of the Pacific.Bellins Pacific map of 1742 is particularly interesting with regards to newer discoveries on the western coasts of the Americas and New Holland; regarding the latter he names Dampier, Tasman and the English Pilot of 1734 as three important sources. The map is especially noteworthy for its hypothetical depiction of the eastern coastline of Australia: Bellin conflates the depiction of Quirs New Hebrides with the eastern coastline of the Australian continent with such conviction that it confused several Pacific explorers, including Bougainville (Mapping of Terra Australis, p.77).However in this text published a year before the official publication date of the map it discusses he shows a different attitude to the ongoing riddle of a southern continent hypothesized by Quirs, with a substantial three pages discussing Quirs 1606 discover-ies. Bellin here maintains that La Terre Australe du S. Esprit a fait jusquii l embarras de tous les Gographes, and twice speculates that Quirs extravagant claims for his discover-ies may be imaginary.One of the pre-eminent geographers of pre-Revolutionary France, Bellin was noted for both the quality of his work and his prodigious output (including the impressive atlases Le Neptune Franais of 1735 and the Hydrographie Franais of 1756-1765). This is a rare printing of a text republished some years later with other geographical notes in Bellins Recueil des Memoires qui ont t publis avec les Cartes Hydrographiques (Paris, c. 1767).Clancy, Mapping of Terra Australis, pp.76-77; Dewez, The Printed World, part four, p.75; European Americana, 741/16; Tooley Dictionary of Mapmakers, p.49.

16. [ANSON] WALTER, Richard, compiler.A Voyage Round the World, in the Years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV. By George Anson, Esq an Expedition to the South-SeasThick quarto, with strong impressions of all 42 folding engraved plates and maps, complete with the 12-pp. List of Subscribers and the single leaf directions to the bookbinder; contempo-rary English red morocco, ornately gilt, spine gilt in compartments between raised bands, gilt edges. London, Printed for the Author by John and Paul Knapton, 1748.Anson presentation copy: from the libraries of two Prime Ministers

Superb presentation copy of the greatest pre-Cook English voyage book, on large and thick or Royal paper and in contemporary morocco binding, inscribed by its owner George Grenville, then Secretary of State for the Navy, Given to me by Lord Anson 1748. George Grenville. Grenvilles name appears on the List of Subscribers with an asterisk, indicating that he had in fact subscribed for one of the 350 Royal Paper copies (the greatly preferred examples of this great book): presumably his subscription was su-perseded by this gift of just such a copy, made yet more desirable by its splendid binding.George Grenville of course later became Prime Minister. Subsequently this copy was owned by another English Prime Minister, the Earl of Rosebery, whose bookplate ap-pears below Grenvilles.Richard Walters compilation account of the Anson voyage, prepared under the careful eye of its commander, was one of the most popular naval narratives of the eighteenth century. Ansons voyage of 1740-44 holds a unique and terrible place in British mari-time history. [When] Anson reached the coast of China in November 1742 he was left with one ship and a handful of men, some of whom had turned mad and idiots. The most extraordinary part of the voyage was still to come, for despite his losses Anson was determined to seize the treasure galleon that made the annual voyage from Acapulco to Manila. Laden with Peruvian silver, she was the Prize of all the Oceans. In June 1743 Anson intercepted the Nuestra Seora de Covadonga, and in a 90-minute action forced her surrender. After refitting at Canton he returned home the next year to find himself com-pared with Drake, and his exploits with the long-remembered feats of arms against the Spain of Philip II. The casualties were forgotten as the public celebrated a rare triumph in a drab and interminable war, and in 1748 the long-awaited authorised account appeared under the name of Richard Walter, chaplain on the Centurion, and became a best-seller. Walters volume has formed the basis of all accounts of Ansons voyage from the mid-eighteenth century to the present. The book, more fully illustrated than any similar work up to that time, was both a stirring story of adventure at sea and an exhorta-tion to further Pacific enterprise (Glyn Williams, The prize of all the oceans. The triumph and tragedy of Ansons voyage round the world, 1999).Borba de Moraes, I, 32; Cox, I, p. 49; Hill, 1817; Kroepelien, 1086; Sabin, 1626.

17. [HARRISON, John and James SHORT]A Narrative of the Proceedings relative to the Discovery of the Lon-gitude at Sea; by Mr. John Harrisons Time-Keeper; Subsequent to those published in the Year 1763.Octavo, with the rare half-title, 18 pp.; a remarkably tall untrimmed copy, numbered in ink no. 23 to half-title, disbound but fine. London, Printed for the Author, and Sold by Mr. Sandby, 1765.Our faithful guide through all the vicissitudes of climatesJohn Harrisons self-published pamphlet defending the success of his chronometer H-4, and staking his claim to be awarded the full Longitude Prize of 20,000. An exact copy of H-4 built by Harrisons colleague Larcum Kendall would be carried on Cooks second voyage, Cook himself calling it our faithful guide through all the vicissitudes of climates (Journals, ed. Beaglehole, II, p. 692). All of the eighteenth-century books and pamphlets relating to the riddle of longitude, of which this is one of the most significant, were pub-lished in very small editions and are now understandably rare.Harrison had been worrying away at the riddle of longitude for over three decades by the time he published this book. H-4 had first been properly tested in 1761, when Harri-sons son William took it with on a voyage to Jamaica in the ship Deptford for a sea-trial. Although the trial was a triumph which exceeded the demands of the Longitude Act, Harrisons claim to the Prize was not recognised, meaning that he was forced to another West Indies trial of H-4 in 1764. Again accompanied by William, on this occasion H-4 computed the longitude of Barbados within 9.8 geographical miles, exhibiting accuracy three times greater than that required by the Act. Despite this success, the board still re-fused to issue the award, in some part due to resistance from the Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne, an advocate of the cheaper lunar distance method.Faced with another refusal, Harrison had this appeal to the Board of Longitude printed. It includes his relevant correspondence with the Admiralty, concluding that whereas a method (invented by your Memorialist) for the Discovery of the Longitude hath been tried by Experiments made according to the Appointment of your Honourable Board Your Memorialist therefore humbly prays; that your Honourable Board will be pleased to grant him such Certificate as directed by the above recited Act.The board, however, continued to be unmoved, even sponsoring subtle changes to the Longitude Act the same year as this work was published. Under duress, Harrison would even be forced to reveal the technical specifications of his invention.The work was printed with the technical assistance of the maker of optical instruments James Short, who is usually listed as the author/editor. Although noted in several librar-ies, this work is very rarely offered for sale. The National Maritime Museum in Green-wich did not have a copy until 2003 when it acquired the papers of the Second Viscount Barrington, himself a member of the Board of Longitude in the eighteenth century.Adams & Waters, 2017; Baillie, p. 274; Crone, 557; Polak, 4304, 7534; Sommervogel, VI, 650.

18. CHAPMAN, Fredric Henrik af.Architectura navalis mercatoria.Large folio, double-page letterpress table, engraved double-page title and dedication, 62 double-page folding plates, all plates with generous margins and with good, clear impressions, some toning and light foxing, old repairs to plates 28 & 29; a strikingly handsome copy in contem-porary French mottled calf, the French royal arms stamped in gilt on each cover, alternating anchor and fleur-de-lys devices in gilt on the spine between raised bands. Stockholm, 1768.The greatest ship-building bookThe most important work of naval architecture of the eighteenth century, with detailed and attractive plans for many different kinds of naval vessels. Published in the very year of the sailing of Cooks Endeavour, and just two decades before the First Fleet, it provides an extraordinary summary of contemporary ship-building techniques.Fredric Henric af Chapman (1721-1808) was perhaps the greatest naval architect of the eighteenth century. Under the direction of King Gustav III it was Chapman who drove the modernisation of the Swedish fleet, and his methods surpassed and perfected contemporary shipbuilding, and were rapidly adopted by all of the main naval nations. Not all of Chapmans plans were built, chiefly because of the imposing scale on which he worked: there are, for example, plans for a privateering frigate, designed as a deep-water commerce raider, 160 feet long, and displacing 750 tons. She was to be armed with forty guns and no fewer than four hundred men: around five times the size of the average privateer of his day, and twice the size of actual French privateers built during the French Revolutionary War (Konstam & McBride, Privateers & Pirates, 1730-1830, pp. 31-2).This has always been a scarce and desirable work: even in 1781, when Vial du Clairbois issued an annotated quarto edition of Chapmans work, he commented Il ne se trouve pas en France & cote 180 livres en Hollande, en feuilles. Il est de nature occuper dignement une place dans le cabinet des curieux sur cette matire, mais il nest pas dun prix la porte de tout le monde. As a result, despite being one of the foundations of modern naval architecture, this work is better known from later editions and facsimiles than, as here, in its full glory. Indeed, the scale of the work is significant, as it is now known chiefly from much smaller quarto-sized plates, not the grand folio double-page plates seen here.Handsomely bound in a contemporary French binding with the royal arms stamped in gilt to both boards, this copy is complete with the letterpress Table gnrale des plans, a tri-lingual index (printed in French, English, and Swedish) that is missing in many copies. One of the reasons for the works scarcity is plausibly said to be its actual practical use in shipyards of the period. We have seen another copy of the work almost devastated by hands-on use. The survival of this copy in such excellent condition suggests that it has always been in a library rather than a shipyard, and given its royal binding probably rather a good library.Brunet, I, 1797; Polak, 1605.

19. [LONGITUDE] FLEURIEU, Charles Pierre Claret, comte de.Voyage fait par ordre du roi en 1768 et 1769, diffrentes parties du monde, pour prouver en mer les horloges marinesTwo volumes, quarto, with four maps, two plates, and five folding tables; fine in contemporary French marbled calf, spines panelled in gilt between raised bands, double labels, marbled end-papers and edges; with the bookticket Decrs in each volume Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1773.The French race to beat Harrison: Berthouds chronometer trialledFirst edition, surprisingly rare: the early work of Louis XVIs Minister of Marine.

This fine copy of an important voyage account belonged to another highly important naval figure, Admiral Denis Decrs, Napoleons Minister for the Navy and the Colonies from 1801 to 1814 and thus the Minister directly responsible for Baudins voyage, which departed shortly before he took office. Decrs was commemorated by Baudin in the naming of Ile Decrs (now Kangaroo Island). Fleurieu too was honoured in their naming of the

Fleurieu Peninsula south of Adelaide and Fleurieu Island in northwest Tasmania.Count Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu (1738-1810) was one of the most important figures in the history of French exploration, in many ways the equivalent of Alexander Dalrymple, heavily involved with the cartography and science of voyages during his era. Louis XVIs Minister of the Navy from 1790, he was several times imprisoned during the Terror, surviving to re-join the administration after the fall of Robespierre. Subsequently he was several times again appointed Minister of the Navy, and was personally commis-sioned by Napoleon to establish the causes of the French defeat at Trafalgar.The voyage described here in his first of many books was the single voyage undertaken by him personally. It recounts the story of the voyage of the Isis in 1768 to the Caribbean and New York, chiefly from the point of view of its scientific aims, which were signifi-cant: this was the major French participation in the race to establish Longitude at sea. Fleurieus specific purpose was to test the marine clock built by the pioneering Swiss, later French, instrument maker Ferdinand Berthoud, the first such French attempt to solve the scientific puzzle pre-occupying Europe at the time. Scientific progress made by him and during his administration enabled the commissioning of the first of the French grands voyages of the late eighteenth century, those of La Prouse and dEntrecasteaux.The competition between Berthoud and Le Roy to develop a viable marine chronom-eter in France at the same time as Harrison was working in England is described by Catherine Cardinal in Ferdinand Berthoud and Pierre Le Roy: Judgement in the Twentieth Century of a Quarrel Dating from the Eighteenth Century (in The Quest for Longitude, ed. W.J.H. Andrews, 1996).Not in the catalogue of the Hill collection; Sabin, 24750.

20. COOK, Captain James.A set of the three voyage accounts.Together eight volumes, quarto, and a folio atlas; in the original marbled boards as issued by the publisher, edges entirely uncut, leather spines and corners recently renewed by Aquarius; the atlas volume uncut in original grey boards with original printed paper label (Plates to Cook and Kings Voyage); overall a very good set, preserved in four fitted bookform boxes. London, 1773, 1777, 1784.An entirely uncut set of Cooks voyages, in first editionsA handsome uniform set of Cooks voyages, in first editions throughout, entirely uncut. The set is made up as follows:FIRST VOYAGE. HAWKESWORTH, John. An Account of the Voyages for making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere Three volumes, quarto, 52 engraved plates and maps, many folding. London, Printed for W. Strahan, and T. Cadell, 1773.SECOND VOYAGE. COOK, James. A Voyage towards the South Pole, and Round the World Two volumes, quarto, 63 engraved plates and maps, many folding. London, Printed for W. Strahan, and T. Cadell, 1777.THIRD VOYAGE. COOK, James and James KING. A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean Three volumes, quarto, with 24 engraved maps and coastal profiles; with separate folio Atlas, containing two charts and 62 engraved plates. London, Printed by W. and A. Strahan, for G. Nicol, bookseller and T. Cadell, 1784.The series of official Cook narratives is the cornerstone of any collection of books relat-ing to voyages or the Pacific. By the end of his third voyage and untimely death the face of the Pacific had been changed forever. The lasting memorial to his achievements, the official publication of his journals, was this lavishly produced and extensive series of volumes, with its wonderful series of about 200 marvellous engravings based on the work of the official artists on the voyages, including Parkinson, Hodges, and Webber. The series stands as the great monument to Cooks achievements.The binding of this set is in as close as possible to the original publishers (or booksellers) binding in which the books first appeared, uncut in marbled boards simply backed and cornered in calf leather; just these leather details have been expertly restored by Aquarius in London to remedy an earlier repair.Copies of Cooks voyages in their original publishers bindings are of great rarity, and es-pecially so in very good condition. This very set was bought by John Howell Books of San Francisco from Bernard Quaritch in London in the 1970s, and when sold by Howell it was described as the finest copy that the firm had handled since their foundation in 1912. It has since belonged to two distinguished private American collections.Beddie, 648, 1216, 1543; Hill, 782, 358, 361; Holmes, 5, 24, 47.

21. [COOK] HAWKESWORTH, John.An Account of the Voyages undertaken by the Order of His present Majesty for making Discoveries in the Southern HemisphereThree volumes, quarto, with 51 engraved charts and plates (most folding), the charts with con-temporary handcolouring in either pink or green (some offsetting and oxidising of colour), the plates in crisp impressions with early manuscript captions, printed errata slip present and the corrections made in an early hand; early issue bound with the Directions for the Cuts but with-out the Chart of the Straits of Magellan; a charming set in tan polished calf, double red labels, a few bumps, rebacked with the original spines expertly laid down, armorial bookplates of Syston Park to each volume. London, W. Strahan, 1773.From the library at Syston Park: a special copy of the Endeavours voyageFirst edition of the official account of Cooks first voyage: a remarkable set, from Sir John Thorolds library at Syston Park, noted as a First impression in pencil on the front endpaper, and carefully improved by the addition of simple but most attractive contem-porary hand-colouring to the maps. This is in itself an unusual feature but in addition the original owner has added detailed manuscript captions to the engravings in a bold ink hand; several of the plates also have manuscript adjustments to the plate numbers. These engraved plates are all in notably strong and clear early impressions.This compendium of four major voyage accounts to the Pacific culminates with that of Cook, which fills two of the three large volumes, giving an enthralling account of his ex-ploration of Tahiti, New Zealand and the east coast of Australia. The work was edited by the professional writer John Hawkesworth, who was given the original journals of Cap-tains Byron, Wallis, Carteret and Cook, as well as the private journal of Joseph Banks, in order to prepare it for publication, a task which took almost two years. Cook himself was in the middle of his second voyage when it was finally published in London on 9 June 1773 (Cook was actually in Cook Strait, New Zealand, at the time).Hawkesworths involvement in the book was controversial, and much ink has been spilt on the subject of his fitness for the task (the dilettante man of letters Horace Walpole is known to have wittily criticised Cooks enthusiasm for the fishermen of 40 islands, Samuel Johnson an apparent fixation with exotic insects, while indignant letters to con-temporary editors attacked everything from Hawkesworths apparent lasciviousness to his godlessness), but these tempests cannot distract from the fascinating story. The plates, charts and views are magnificent, and most famously include the first astonishing engrav-ing of a kangaroo, charts of New Zealand and the east coast of Australia, and the moving depiction of the Endeavour, hauled on shore just north of Cape Tribulation on the north Queensland coast to fix the hole that nearly sent them to the bottom.Hawkesworths assembly contains the cream of eighteenth-century English explora-tion, and was a necessary adornment to any serious Georgian library. From the library at Syston Park, home of the great collector Sir John H. Thorold (1773-1831), probably purchased by his father and equally famous bibliophile Sir John (1734-1815).Beddie, 650; Borba de Moraes, p. 395; Hill, pp. 139-140; Holmes, 5 (note); Kroepelien, 535 (note).

22. [COOK] PARKINSON, Sydney.A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas, in His Majestys Ship, the EndeavourLarge quarto, with frontispiece portrait, a map and 26 plates; the usual offsetting from the plates, occasional browning as usual and a few spots; completely uncut and partly unopened; an exceptionally large copy in its original binding of blue-grey paper boards, plain paper spine carefully renewed; some rubbing to boards especially at edges; in a folding cloth case. London, Printed for Stanfield Parkinson, the Editor, 1773.Uncut in original boards, and larger than everA really exceptional copy of the first edition of the most handsome of the unofficial ac-counts of Cooks first voyage. Copies of the first edition of Parkinson are invariably quite large with generous margins (and are often misleadingly catalogued as Large paper in fact there were no small paper copies, only copies cut down by the binder), but the book is virtually never seen as here, completely uncut in its simple original binding. The spine has been replaced with appropriate plain paper. For the record, this copy measures 380 x 295 mm (binding) and 362 x 292 mm (bookblock).Parkinson, the son of a Quaker brewer of Edinburgh, was apprenticed to a draper when his ability for drawing flowers, fruits and other objects of natural history first attracted the attention of Sir Joseph Banks. Banks engaged him as botanical artist on Cooks first voyage, and he went on to produce an important series of magnificent botanical and natural history drawings, and was the first professional artist to set foot on Australian soil. He died at the end of the voyage, en route from Batavia to the Cape of Good Hope.Parkinsons is the most handsome of the unofficial accounts of Cooks first voyage; it contains extensive accounts of New Zealand and Australia, and has some of the earliest natural history observations on the region, including the first published use of the word kangaroo (as kangooroo, p. 149). Parkinson himself was responsible for the original drawings for twenty-three of the twenty-seven plates here. His original artwork and these splendid engravings made from it represent one of the chief visual sources for Cooks first voyage, and one of the first views European observers had of such South Pacific scenes. Parkinsons journal of the voyage is plain and unaffected, and in the words of its editor its only ornament is truth, and its best recommendation characteristic of himself, its genu-ine simplicity. Curiously, as the botanical drawings were retained by Banks, none of his botanical drawings appear in his own account, and not until recent years has the world at large learned of Parkinsons genius as a botanical artist.Beaglehole, I, pp. ccliii-cclv; Beddie, 712; Davidson, A Book Collectors Notes, pp. 54-56; Hill, 1308; Hocken, p.12; Holmes, 7; Kroepelien, 944; New Zealand National Bibliography, 4466; OReilly-Reitman, 371.

23. [COOK] FORSTER, Georg and Johann R.A Voyage round the World [and] Observations made during a Voyage Round the WorldTwo works in three volumes, quarto; with a folding map in the first work and a folding map and folding table in the second; both works fine, clean, and large examples, in matching (near uniform) bindings of contemporary marbled calf, spines gilt in compartments, red edges, library numbers (consecutive) in gilt on spines and library stamp in gilt on front covers (Freund-schaftliche Litterarische Gesellschaft) and a small printed label on preliminaries of each volume (gebunden durch H. W. Cornelius); modern owners booktickets; a little chafing to covers but a really handsome set. London, G. Robinson [and] B. White, 1777 & 1778.A matching set of the two major Forster works on Cooks second voyage.A fine contemporarily-assembled set of the first editions of both works produced by the Forsters, father and son, as a result of Cooks second voyage. Georg Forsters Voyage round the World is one of the most considered of all the secondary accounts of Cooks voyages while his father Johanns Observations is a pioneering work on the anthropology of the Pacific. Their combined work forms a distinct and vital contribution to the history and accomplishments of the arduous voyage.The Forsters travelled on board the Resolution following the withdrawal of Joseph Banks and his party from the voyage. Johann was one of the pre-eminent scientists and natural historians of his generation, while Georg, not even eighteen years old when he joined the ship, proved to have a facile pen and an alert and inquiring mind. Johann was supposed to write the official record, but he and Georg returned to controversy, culminating in them being asked to withdraw from any involvement with the official account. Thus denied, they set to work to forestall it with an account of their own, and succeeded in doing so by about six weeks (Holmes). This thoughtful narrative account in two volumes, the first work in this attractive set, was the work of the younger Forster, Georg, though it is clear that Johann contributed to its writing.The third volume is Johann Forsters Observations, a most influential work which revo-lutionised voyage anthropology and ethnography. The copy in this set is one of those to contain the exceptionally important Chart Representing the Isles of the South Seas, not present in all copies, which is based on the original sketch of the islands around Tahiti drawn for Cook by Tupaia, the Tahitian priest and navigator, on board the Endeavour. Tupaia discussed these islands at great length with Cook, who took extensive notes. The map is, in Forsters own words, a monument of the ingenuity and geographical knowl-edge of the people in the Society Isles, and of Tupaya in particular.The slim list of subscribers, mostly Oxford academics, accounts for only 91 copies.Beaglehole, II, pp. clii-cliii; Beddie, 1247, 1261; Davidson, A Book Collectors Notes, pp. 61-2; Hill, 625, 628; Hocken, p. 16-18; Holmes, 23, 29; Kroepelien, 450, 456; New Zealand National Bibliography, 2012, 2016; OReilly-Reitman, 382, 395, etc; Ros-ove, 132.A1.d, 140.A1; see Michael Hoare, The Tactless Philosopher, Melbourne, 1976, pp. 182-183 for a discussion of the publica-tion of this work; Spence, 464, 467.

24. [COOK] ZIMMERMANN, Heinrich.Dernier Voyage du Capitaine Cook autour du monde, o se trouvent les circonstances de sa mort, publi en AllemandOctavo; a fine and very clean copy in an excellent modern French binding in the 18th-century style of grained dark blue calf, ornately gilt. Berne, Nouvelle Socit Typographique, 1782.With an eye-witness account of Cooks deathThe first and best French edition of this important personal account of Cooks third voy-age, and extremely scarce: a most attractive copy. Beddie records only the Mitchell and National Library copies in Australia. This edition contains, in addition to Zimmermanns narrative account, a life of Captain Cook adapted from material that had appeared in the Gttingisches Magazin, the work of either (or both) Georg Forster or Georg Lichtenberg.First appearing in German in 1781, Zimmermanns was the first description of the third voyage to appear on the continent, and as one of two accounts first published a full three years before the official account it may well have been in fact the earliest full description of the voyage. In any early edition, Zimmermanns first-hand account of Cooks third voyage is one of the scarcest of all the Cook voyage accounts (there is for example no copy of any of the eighteenth-century editions in the Hill catalogue).Second French and German editions followed in 1783. Both French editions are of great rarity and are of interest not only on that account but because of the additional matter which they contain (Holmes). There was no contemporary English edition, and a full translation into English had to wait until 1926.Zimmermann, a native of Speyer, was coxswain in the Discovery. From the start of the voyage he determined to keep a shorthand journal of the voyage and to retain it, despite the instructions demanding the surrender of all logs and journals His account is by no means free from errors, but it has an ingenuousness and charm which differentiate it from the other accounts. His appreciation of Cooks character deserves to rank with that of Samwell (Holmes). Pp. 7 to 11 of this edition contain Zimmermanns long description of the Tasmanian Aborigines, with an interesting note in passing suggesting how many copies of the Resolution and Adventure medal, minted for distribution on the second voyage, were actually still available for distribution during the third voyage: on one day alone, Cook gave examples to eight or nine Aborigines, which had such a good effect that the next day 49 more came to visit some of whom received the same presents as their earlier compatriots, but none of whom was willing to come aboard the ships.Beddie, 1629; Davidson, A Book Collectors Notes, p. 66; Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography, 47; Holmes, 44; Kroepelien, 1363; OReilly-Reitman, 423.

25. [COOK] ELLIS, William.An Authentic Narrative of a Voyage performed by Captain Cook and Captain Clerke, in His Majestys Ships Resolution and Discovery including a faithful Account of all their Discoveries, and the unfortunate Death of Captain CookTwo volumes, octavo, with a folding chart and 21 engraved plates; a very good copy in contemporary half calf and marbled boards, spines rubbed, joints split but the sides firmly held; folding cloth box. London, G. Robinson, 1782.The surgeons mate describes Cooks third voyageFirst edition of the second English-language account of Cooks third voyage: an important supplement to the official account, which it preceded by two years (Forbes).Ellis, surgeons mate and talented amateur artist, sailed first on the Discovery and later on the Resolution. On his return he was in financial straits and, despite the prohibition by the Admiralty of the publication of any unauthorised account of the voyage, sold his narrative to a London publisher for fifty guineas. It was published over his name, and was thus the first account of the expedition to acknowledge its authorship, earning the condemnation of Sir Joseph Banks, who wrote to him in January 1782 that I fear it will not in future be in my power to do what it might have been, had you asked and followed my advice.Ellis narrative contains much valuable information on Alaska, the Northwest Coast, and Hawaii, and the attractive engraved plates, after the authors drawings, include eight of Hawaii, two of Alaska, and three of the Northwest Coast. The plates show Ellis to have been a talented amateur artist, and represent a significant contribution to the graphic record of the voyage.They are among the earliest published on the Hawaiian Islands, Alaska, and the Northwest (Hill). Choris famous views did not appear until almost forty years later. Ellis views of Hawaii provide the first general depictions of the islands, as Rickmans book, published in the previous year, showed only the death of Cook while Zimmermanns account was not illustrated.There is a chapter devoted to their visit to Van Diemens Land in January 1777, in the course of which Ellis painted a famous watercolour view of Adventure Bay, now in the National Library of Australia.Ellis died in 1785 after a fall from the main mast of a ship lying at Ostend.Beaglehole, III, p. ccvii; Beddie, 1