Nursery Crops - Pest Management Strategic Plan for Container
Theme 3: Managing Priority Pest & Diseases of RTB Crops
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Transcript of Theme 3: Managing Priority Pest & Diseases of RTB Crops
Theme 3Managing Priority Pest & Diseases of RTB Crops
James Legg & Theme 3 Team
RTB Annual Planning Meeting
September 29-October 3, 2014
Research Highlights
Overview
James Legg
Collaboration leads to progress in seed degeneration
Greg Forbes
A region-wide response to emerging pests in SE Asian cassava
Kris Wyckhuys
Banana bunchy-top disease: piloting containment and field recovery approaches through learning alliance in sub-Saharan Africa
Lava Kumar
SPECIAL SEMINAR: The status of Foc TR4 in Mozambique and proposed activities to prevent its spread in Africa. Wed 20.30
Altus Viljoen – Stellenbosch University
BANANA
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW)
Management through ‘Single Stem Removal’
Farm 1
Farm 2
Based on a detailedunderstanding of theepidemiology
1. Remove all stems2. Rogue infected
stems re-growing3. Apply basic crop
hygiene practices
Fusarium oxysporum fsp cubense Tropical Race4 (FocTR4):Timeline of Rapid Response in Africa
02/13: First symptoms observed
06/13: Fungus identified as FocTR4
08/13: Recommendations to farm
09/13: Mozambique NPPO visit
10/13: Stakeholder meeting: Maputo
11/13: IPPC portal notified
11/13: Press release on outbreak
12/13: RTB funds for Mozambique
01/14: Research proposal developed
02/14: AC4TR4 formed (African
Consortium to combat Foc TR4)
A Brand New Threat to Africa’s Bananas
Stakeholder Action Plans – TR4
High diversity of bacteria and fungi found in ex situ collection of banana wild relatives
fungi
bacteria
% Foc control Growth enhancement
Over 500 isolates
High diversity of bacteria and fungi found in ex situ collection of banana wild relatives
fungi
bacteria
% Foc control Growth enhancement
Over 500 isolates
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/nature/more-food-with-microbes/
CASSAVA
J. Legg - IITA
Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease (CMD)
CMD – Lake Zone, Tanzania
Major Cassava Pest & Diseases
Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD)
Whitefly Vector (Bemisia tabaci)
Cassava Green Mite and Damage
Cassava Green Mite Distribution Databases
M. tanajoa M. mcgregori M. caribbeanae M. planki
Cassava Green Mite Risk Maps
M. t
anaj
oaM
. mcg
rego
ri
Westwards Spread of EACMV-UG
EACMV-UG associated with severe CMDPandemic: > $ 1 billion annual loss
CMD resistance mapping using NGS
0
10
20
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40
50
-Log
10(P
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Linkage group
a
0 30 60 90 120 1500
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20
30
40
50
IITA TMS 011412
Moving average (IITA TMS 011412)
Position (cM)
-Log
10(P
)
b
a. Genome-wide scan for linkage between CMD resistance and 6756 SNPs across 18 cassava linkage groups. b. A detailed view of the of linkage group 16
Rabbi et al. Virus Research 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.028
Phytosanitation to Control CBSD
0
10
20
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CBSD
Incid
ence
(%)
10 PRGfarmers
10 SRGfarmers
CBSD Clean Seed Systems Community Action
POTATO
Development of sustainable pest management strategies for low and high input cropping systems e.g. for the Andean region based on three new IPM technologies
Agro-ecology and IPM for potatoes
Plastic barriers to control Andean potato weevil
(organic farmers)
Attract-and-kill to control potato tuber moths
(private sector)
Talco-Btk to control potato tuber moths in store(farmer associations)
Kroschel et al. (2009): Crop Protection 28: 466-476. Kroschel et al. (2012): Springer. UK, 419-450. Kroschel & Zegarra (2013): Pest Management Science 69: 1205-1215.
Temperature-dependent phenology modeling and GIS-based pest risk assessments on global, regional and local scales under current and future climates using the Insect life cycle model (ILCYM) software
Pest Risk Assessment
Data for more than 20 pests of RTBs, vegetables, maize and fruit crops are included in a Pest Risk Atlas in collaboration with IITA and ICIPE.
2000 2050ERI change2000 to 2050
Andean region
Currenttemperature +1 ◦C
Mantaro valley, Peru
(Kroschel et al., J. Agric. Forest Meterol., 2013, Sporleder et al. (2013): CABI Book publication, 412-427.
Establishment Risk Index (ERI) for the potato tuber moth (PTM) >0.6 = success)
(www.cipotato.org/ilcym).
SWEET POTATO
The pan African sweet potato virome
SPVZ, SPVG, SPV2
SPCSV-WA
SPCSV-EA
SPCSV-EA/MZ
SPCSV-SASPMMV
Developing sensitive & robustvirus diagnostics
Small RNA sequencing and assembly: towards universal viral diagnostics and sequencing
Tube-arrays for sensitive detection of all viruses/pathogens of a crop at once (laboratory required)
Field detection method with high sensitivity and ease of use -> LAMP
YAM
Yam Biotic Constraints
Nematodes Beetles Scales Mealy bugs Termites Fungi & bacteria
Virus infection
•Different species and strains associated with disease conditions in West Africa
•Pest risk assessment to identify major pests & disease risks to yam in the project target areas
Yam Virus Surveillance - 2013
Nigeria Ghana
Development of Low cost On-farm Robust Diagnostic Toolkits for Yam Viruses
A complementary project funded by BMGF
Simple on-site test for yam virus diagnostics• LAMP (Loop-mediated isothermal amplification)• RPA (Recombinase polymerase amplification)
Simple on-site test for yam virus diagnostics •Distinguishing integrated and episomal badnavirus infections
BMGF Complementary grant to NRI and IITA
Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Towards NextGen Diagnostic Tools for on-site Testing
GCP-21 Meeting in La Reunion – May 10-14, 2014
Agropolis/CIRAD/RTB
Establishment of a pan-African Surveillance Cassava Network – PASCAN; Establishment of an International Cassava Transit site in La Reunion; Development of a Cassava Diagnostic Network in Africa - CDNA Development of a comprehensive educational and training plan for PASCAN and CDNA
Looking Forward
• Internal linkages. Under RTB 2.0 structure: strengthen linkages between themes (esp. with 2 and 4) to develop stronger more robust pest/disease control
• External partnerships. Expand these to enhance coverage and impact
• ‘Global threat’ pests and diseases. Identify and prioritize action to address these
Acknowledgements
Fen Beed
Rachid Hanna
Jan Kreuze
Soroush Parsa
Jürgen Kroschel
Kris Wyckhuys
Miguel Dita
Ismail Rabbi
Lava Kumar
Charles Staver
Eldad Karamura
Greg Forbes
Claude Fauquet
Altus Viljoen
Kiddo Mtunda
Donors & Partners