THE SUBURBAN ERA, 1945-1963 Chapter 28. Main Points and Issues Rise of the Suburbs The Culture of...
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Transcript of THE SUBURBAN ERA, 1945-1963 Chapter 28. Main Points and Issues Rise of the Suburbs The Culture of...
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THE SUBURBAN ERA, 1945-1963
Chapter 28
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Main Points and Issues
Rise of the Suburbs The Culture of Suburbia The Politics of Calm Cracks in the Consensus Nationalism in an Age of
Superpowers The Cold War on a New Frontier Kennedy’s Cold War
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Contending Themes in the US
Atomic attacks Atomic science Fear and
insecurity Cold War
competition Conformity Suspicion
Post-War economic growth
Consumerism Suburbia Convenience Education,
prosperity, liberty
Atomic Anxiety Affluence & Convenience
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Economic Growth The Baby Boom
WW II-1960, highest birth rates in US
Greater consumption, post-War generation without Great Depression and War
Impacted housing, education
Suburbs “White Flight”
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Suburbia in a Nutshell
Baby-boom and wealth increases
G.I. Bill & FHA Suburbanization Highways and
transportation Single-track
homes Property tax bases Strip malls
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Suburbia, continued
Suburban Sprawl Vehicle pollution Social, racial, and
ethnic balkanization
Decline of public Housing
Covenants Gendered
divisions Consumerism
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Consumerism and Gender
>Advertisements targeting women as home-makers
>Made domestic work “easier”
>Corporate brand loyalty
>Easier to serve the husband
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Where is Rosie the Riveter?
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Popular Culture: Television
American Consensus “End of ideology” Pax Americana Happy Days and the
Age of Prosperity Calm fears Divert attention
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An American Obsession
Leave it to Beaver Mickey Mouse Club
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Nostalgia: The Frontier and Western
Bonanza Gunsmoke
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Movies
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The Great Escape: Disneyland
California, 1955 Make believe, constructed fantasy De-politicized Escapism and consumerism Disneyland Studios, TV, Hollywood White America, middle class tourism
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Frontier, Magic, Future, Cartoons
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Cold War Movies
I Married a Communist
Manchurian Candidate
The Day the Earth Stood Still ’51
North By Northwest
James Bond Atomic animals
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Cold War Culture
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“Juvenile Delinquency”
Teen age delinquency
Adolescence Mental Hygiene Sexual identity Mobility & Freedom Rock n Roll The Beat
Generation
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Nationalism and the Cold War
Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1952-1960
WWII General Pres. of Columbia University Highly respected by both
parties Failures in CRM Economic Growth Expanded New Deal
Programs
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Eisenhower and the Cold War
Sputnik, 1957 Arms Race NASA National Defense
Education Act 1958
“New Look” Technology Air power Nuclear weapons
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Eisenhower Interstate Highway and Defense Act
1956: $27 billion initially
Connect East and West
Easy evacuation in case of nuclear attack
Transport of military people and goods
Possible landing for planes
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U.S. & U.S.S.R.
Kruschev, 1954 Peace Summits 1960: U.S. spy
plane crashed Struggle over
“Third World” Countries
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Interventions and “anti-communism”
Distrust of neutral countries Overthrow governments that did not
align with U.S. Liberal & progressive regimes CIA helped overthrow elected
Iranian government Inserted pro-West dictatorial Shah
of Iran
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Cold War, Part II
Containment Communism as disease: contain and
circle it Domino Theory Massive Retaliation Mutual Assured Destruction Brinksmanship Open-ended eternal war against an
enemy that will never rest, hates our freedoms, is godless, evil, and may be among us (sound familiar?)
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Guatemala, 1954
CIA and United Fruit Company
Overthrew Jacobo Arbenz, elected Pres.
Installed pro-U.S. dictator
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Cuban Revolution, 1959
Popular revolution Overthrew Batista Fidel Castro Approached U.S. Rebutted him Nationalized
Industries 12 assassination
attempts on Castro
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A New Era? John F. Kennedy Wealthy family Catholic WWII veteran Young, energetic Lyndon Johnson, V.P. Robert Kennedy,
Attorney General Conservative
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Kennedy’s Cold War Increased military spending Expanded Cold War Bay of Pigs, April 1961 Alliance for Progress Peace Corps
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Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Soviet Missiles
in Cuba Invade, bomb,
naval blockade, negotiate?
U.S. Missiles in Turkey
Pulled out all missiles
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Conclusions
Post-War demilitarization & return to “normalcy”
Rise of “Consumer Nation” and equating consumption with democracy and freedom
Suburbanization and mass culture: restaurants, cars, radio, TV
Atomic Anxieties & Cold War Contradictions
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Continued
Open-ended war and endless vigilance
Domesticating atomic technology, or “How I learned to stop worrying and love the bomb” (Dr. Strangelove)
Rhetoric of Communist infiltration Free speech & dissent called
subversion and unpatriotic