THE STATUS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

Philippine College of Criminology

THE STATUS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) IN POLICE-COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP

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A Thesis

Proposal Presented to the

Faculty of College of Criminology

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In Partial Fulfillment for the

Degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Submitted by

Jacob, Mark Lester P.

March, 2011

DEDICATION

I would like to dedicate to the following who significantly helped me in

completing this thesis. my parents, who gave me the appreciation of

learning and taught me the value of perseverance and hard work, My

mother Teresita P. Jacob, for her overall support and understanding,

while completing this reaserch study, to my father Odilon R. Jacob, for

giving his support ,motivation and encouragement inspired me in the

preparations of this thesis. To my entire classmates especially to all the

4c4 section for their unselfish support by providing their knowledge and

help that greatly contributed to the accomplishment of this work , lastly to

the creator almighty Jesus Christ for giving me the power and life to

continue life’s never ending pursuit to learn.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a pleasure to thank those who made this thesis possible who in one way or another help in the realization of this research.

To our immediate family, wife, sons and daughters who were always loving, kind, and understanding, providing us hope and inspiration.

To our ever admired and respected adviser, DR. MERCEDES A. FORONDA, for endowing us her unrelenting guidance and support.

To PROF. LINDON AGAS , for allowing us to pursue this study for us to grow and succeed in our chosen field endeavor.

To our colleagues and friends for their valuable input in this study.

And above all, to our God Almighty who gave us courage, passion and determination to complete this study

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page ………………………………………………… i

Dedication……… ……………………………………….. ii

Acknowledgement ..…………………………………….. iii

Table of contents. ………………………………………. iv

Abstract…..………………………………………………. v

CHAPTER I

I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………… 1

A. Theoretical and conceptual framework ……. 3

B. Statement of the Problem …………………… 8

C. Hypothesis ……………………………………. 9

D. Significance of the Study ……………………. 9

E. Scope and Limitation ………………………… 10

F. Definition of Terms……………………………. 11

CHAPTER II

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES SYNTHESIS

A. Synthesis …………...….…………………… 15

III. METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design ……………..………………. 22

B. Sampling Design………….…………………… 23

C. Instrumentation ……….………………………. 24

D. Collection of data ……………………………. 24

E. Statistical Treatment ….………….…………… 25

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

During the past previous years even up to these present times, we can still

noticed as the headlines dictates that crimes particularly against persons and property

continuous to increase, most of the public schools suffers from fraternity/gang wars,

several neighborhood were no longer safe for living, some barangays had difficulties in

sustaining peace and order even within their local subordinates and many young

individuals failed to realized their worth, thus, deflecting to illegal drug use.

These predicaments were just only part of the many dilemmas that our Country

must handle, a problem that could had been resolved if and only the community will

took its part to help in the resolution said issues for if there is an organized community

partnership it will develop relationships within individuals, neighborhoods, the faith

community, and other agencies to identifies problems and issues and then work

together to develop solutions.

Among the agencies that must be involved in the development and enhancement

of a successful community partnership was the Philippine National Police particularly

thru its Police Community Relations Branch which was presently governed and guided

by the Eight Foundation Initiatives Policy wherein the enhancement of the Police-

Community Partnership was one of the major concerns as emphasized by the present

Chief PNP, PDG RAUL BACALZO.

In fact, several programs were already launch by the PNP just to bring closer the

police to the community it serves such as the creation of the Community Oriented

Policing System, Barangay Peace Keeping Action Team (BPATs) and most specially

the SAMBAYAN programs from which all were envisions to a) to strengthen police-

community partnership in addressing peace and order concerns, b) to organize and

mobilize sectors of the community as a united front against threat to peace and security

and c) to help empower and develop people. But the question was still there, “DO THIS

PROGRAMS WERE REALLY IMPLEMENTED AND EFFECTIVE ENOUGH?”

THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is focused on measuring the extent of partnership

between the PNP and the Community ,

1. What are the programs of the PNP in maintaining harmonious

relationship with the community?

1.1 Ugnayan sa Barangay

1.2 Health Services

1.3 Anti Drug Campaign

1.4 Media Relation

2. As perceived by the respondents, to what extent on the aforementioned

programs are implemented?

2..1 Extent said PNP programs were implemented

2..2 Efficiency of the PNP in implementing police-community programs

2..2 Effectiveness of the PNP program.

3. How significant is the perception made by the three (3) group of

respondents on the extent to which the aforementioned programs are implemented.?

4. What are the common problem encountered by the respondents in the

implementation of the aforementioned programs?

Hypothesis of the Study

The study will prove the following null hypothesis;, to wit:

1. There is no significant difference in the evaluation made by the three (3)

group of respondents on the status of the PNP Community Partnership in terms of :

1.1 Extent said PNP programs were implemented.

1.2 Efficiency of the PNP in implementing police-community programs.

1.3 Effectiveness of the PNP program.

Importance of the Study

This Study will benefit the following sectors: to wit:

PNP Administration. The finding of the study will be used by the officers and

men in the formulation of policies and enhancement on the development in community

partnership.

Personnel. The PNP personnel particularly assigned with Police Community

Relation Branch will also benefited with this study since they serve as a the front-liner

unit in dealing with police-community interaction and implementing PNP planned

program of activities specially on crime prevention.

Community . To the community namely the Barangay of Sta. Monica, Bagbag

and Nagkaisang Nayon, wherefrom police services begins and end, this study represent

the PNP’s continuing attempts to improve delivery of basic police services through a

more effective crime prevention program anchored upon police-community

relationships, thus, will more likely to reveal how responsive the two-way

communication between the police and the community could be firmly established with

the end on view of attaining better peace and order situation in or communities and

consequently, to identify the extent to which this programs and activities were being

implemented.

Media .-------------------------------------

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses mainly on measuring the extent of partnership

between the PNP and the Community resulting from the existing PNP programs such

as Ugnayan sa Barangay,Health Services ,Anti Drug Campaign, Media Relation being

implemented by the PNP personnel of Novaliches Police Station-4 particularly at three

(3) selected barangays namely Sta. Monica, Bagbag and Nagkaisang Nayon. The

variables included are extent said PNP programs were implemented, efficiency of the

PNP in implementing police-community programs and effectiveness of the PNP

programs. This study covered a period of Five (5) years , from 2005 -2010. Three (3)

group of respondents composed of Five (5) PNP personnel , Ten (10) people and

Three (3) Media Personalities from the community.

Definition of terms

For the purpose of clarity and to avoid any ambiguities the following terms are

defined in the context by which they are used in this study to serve as common frame of

reference between the researcher and the reader:

Police Community Relations – are complicated and constantly, changing interactions

between representatives of the police organizations and an assortment of governmental

agencies, public groups, and private individuals representing a wide range of competing

and often conflicting interest.

Community Oriented Policing - is a philosophy which allows a law enforcement

agency and citizens to work together to solve problems of crime and social conflicts and

ultimately improve the quality of life in that community. It requires both law enforcement

and the community to change many of their perceptions and expectations of policing.

Crime - as a legal concept, refers to act or omission punishable by law, and as a

behavioral maladjustment- an act which is considered as undesirable.

Community – is the sum total of all individuals or citizens in a particular place having

no particular territorial boundary and could be segmented on the basis of their purpose

or nature (such as the business community, the religious community, and others).

Crime Prevention – refers to the measures that are taken to reduce criminal

opportunity and criminal victimization.

Strategy – refers to techniques of doing something and designed to avoid

obstacles that would result to failure.

Concept – is defined as a generalized idea or notion about the nature or a thing a way

of thinking or an event.

Effectiveness – refers to the ability of an action or things to produce the desired effect

or result.

Development Plants/Programs - are future actions intended to be done with the

objective of attaining development goals. Programs are sequence of actions to done to

complete a task event or action.

Participation - means involvements or the process of being included.

Police Public Information – refers to an activity that makes the public understand why

the police agency performs as it does and endeavors that such public be supportive of

that performance.

Interdependence - as used in this study refers to the network status created by the

community in providing the neighborhood police with necessary logistical and moral

support.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES SYNTHESIS

CHAPTER III

THE METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH AND PROOCEDURE

This chapter discusses the methods of research employed by the researcher to

gather the needed data. It includes the Research design, sampling technique, the

instruments used with its construction, validation, administration and retrieval, and the

statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This study will employ the Descriptive Method of research. Carter and Good

defines it as a process of gathering facts concerning nature and status of anything that

is of interest and important. It is also useful when the investigation wishes to known or

capture the process which explains the characteristics and behavior of a person, group

or institution under investigation.

This Study will focused on the assessment on the extent of the police-community

relationship between Police Station 4 personnel and the community consigned within

three (3) selected Barangays of Novaliches Proper, Novaliches, Quezon City such as

Sta. Monica, Bagbag and Nagkaisang Nayon in the hope to come up with the baseline

data that would be used as a guide for more effective programs that would help

enhance the already existing police-community partnership.

Respondents

The researchers of the study will have fifty (50) respondents consisting of

Barangay Officials, Businessman, Government employee, Security Guards, Law

Enforcers and other citizens from every Barangay for at least a one (1) month. The

researchers believed that this people would be a great help in the evaluation of the

extent and effectiveness of PNP programs being implemented and conducted by

Police Station 4 (Novaliches Police Station) at Barangay of Sta. Monica, Bagbag and

Nagkaisang Nayon, Novaliches, Quezon City.

Sampling Technique

Choosing of respondents will be done at a random state, wherein during the

observation phase at the site were PNP programs were usually conducted, four (4)

pages questionnaire will be randomly distributed among Barangay Officials, Law

Enforcers, Businessmen, Traffic Enforcers, Government employees, and other civilian

personnel present at said vicinity.

Instrument Used

To gather the needed data, the following instruments were employed:

1. Questionnaire: It was the primary source of data. It contained questions

designed to answer the problems stated in Chapter 1. The respondents check the

blank space that corresponds to their perspective answer. The responses were

given numerical values which were subsequently computed using the appropriate

statistical tool.

2. Interview: This is the secondary source of data. The unstructured interviews

were conducted personally, yet informally by the researcher to augment the

questionnaire.

3. Observation: This is another secondary source of data. The direct

observations by the researcher helped in their analysis of the data and gave weight

to the veracity of the answer in the questionnaire.

Construction of the Instrument

To formulate the concept and framework of the study, and to determine the

variables and indicators to be used, the researcher will read literatures and studies

related to the subject of the study. The researcher prepared the initial draft of the

questionnaire based on these readings and showed this draft to their adviser whom in

turn suggested some minor changes, additions and deletions.

Validation of Instrument

The researchers will pre-test the instrument to fifty (50) respondents who were

not among the chosen respondents. The purpose of this try-out was to find several

vague confusing items in the questionnaire. The result of the pre-test was considered in

the revision for the final draft.

Administration and Retrieval of the Questionnaire

The researcher will ask for the approval of the Commanding Officer to float the

questionnaire. Once approved, it was personally administered. Likewise, with the help

from several colleagues in the department, the groups were able to obtain one hundred

percent (100%) retrieval.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data that will be yield at a given questionnaire and will be tallied, tabulated

and subjected to statistical treatment in order to ensure validity, reliability and objective

in the interpretation of the result.

Common cases will be investigated, several problems encountered, the frequency

and percentage distribution will be applied in order to determine the personal profile of

the respondent.

To determine the effectiveness of performance as to mission, vision and function,

the weighted mean was applied. The responses of the respondents will be categorized

into five and will be given corresponding weights which will be multiplied by the number

of replies in each category and will be added and then divided from the sum of the

product.

To qualify, the responses on the rating scale, the five-point Likert Scale method of

measuring attitudes will be utilized. Each statement has five responses. In this study,

the responses will be under the degree of frequency with weight of 5,4,3,2 and 1. The

respondents reacted to every perception item by checking one out of five possible

answer or response. Thus, the score was the sum of the weight of the responses

checked.

Formula:

1. Frequency and perception distribution

P = _____ f ______ x 100

N

Where:

f = Frequency

N = No. of respondents

2. Weighted Mean

Wx = ___Wx___

N

Where:

Wx = Sum of the product of the frequency

N = No. of respondents

The equivalent point assigned to each indicate item and extent to existence of

each weighted average, which becomes the verb description:

Weighted Mean: Verbal Interpretation:

4.50 - 5.0 - 5 Very Effective

3.50 - 4.49 - 4 Effective

2.50 - 3.49 - 3 Moderately Effective

1.50 - 2.49 - 2 Ineffective

1.0 - 1.49 - 1 Very Ineffective

Appendix 1:

Sample Questionnaire

1. Profile of the respondents

Direction: Read every statement carefully and indicate which options apply to you.

Please check the items applicable to you.

1.1 Gender:

____ Male

____ Female

1.2 Age:

____20 - 30

____30 – 40

____40 - 50

____50 – 60

1.3 Civil Status:

____Married

____Single

____Widow / or

____Separated

1.4 Highest educational attainment

____ High School Level

____ High School Graduate

____ College Level

____ College Graduate

____ Some units in Master’s Program

____ Master’s Degree holder

____ With (LLB and LLB units)

1.5 Job Description

______ Law Enforcer

______ Government Employee

______ Baranggay Officials

______ Businessman

______ Driver

______ NGO’s

1.6 Length of service:

____ 1 – 5 years

____ 6 – 10 years

____ 11- 15 years

____ 16 – 20 years

____ 21 – 25 years

____ 26 – 30 years

____ 31 above years

2. What are the programs being implemented by Novaliches Police Station that

help enhance police-community partnership? How effective are these programs?

______ Conduct of Ugnayan/Dialogues to develop community

awareness.

_______ Very Effective

_______ Effective

_______ Moderately Effective

_______ Ineffective

_______ Very Ineffective

______ Conduct of lectures/seminars to increase knowledge on

illegal drugs, crime prevention and abuse.


_______ Effective


_______ Ineffective


______ Conduct of Pro-Active Operations.


_______ Effective


_______ Ineffective


______ Conduct of police visibility on crime prone areas.


_______ Effective


_______ Ineffective


______ Immediate response for assistance.


_______ Effective


_______ Ineffective


3. What are the common problems encountered by the respondents in the

implementation of the aforementioned PNP programs and activities?

_____ Lack of budget.

_____ Lack of cooperation and interest among civilian citizens.

_____ Overworked personnel.

_____ More Programs than personnel can handle.

_____ Wrong conceptual premise on implementation.

_____ Some Components of the PNP programs have little or no effect at all police community relationship buildup.

_____ Measures success in terms of the activities it had accomplished without regard to the impact of the activities to the populace.

THE STATUS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

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